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The specimen-induced aberration has been a major factor limiting the imaging depth of single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM). Here, we report the application of label-free wavefront sensing adaptive optics to SMLM for deep-tissue super-resolution imaging. The proposed system measures complex tissue aberrations from intrinsic reflectance rather than fluorescence emission and physically corrects the wavefront distortion more than three-fold stronger than the previous limit. This enables us to resolve sub-diffraction morphologies of cilia and oligodendrocytes in whole zebrafish as well as dendritic spines in thick mouse brain tissues at the depth of up to 102 micronswith localization number enhancement by up to 37 times and localization precision comparable to aberration-free samples. The proposed approach can expand the application range of SMLM to whole zebrafish that cause the loss of localization points owing to severe tissue aberrations.

A new oxazole-type compound (1), named macrooxazole E, and three known macrooxazoles A-C (2–4), were isolated from ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extracts of Phoma sp. JS0228 cultures, an endophytic fungus of Morus alba (M. alba). Structures of the isolated compounds were determined using spectroscopic methods, such as 1 D- and 2 D-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Macrooxazole E (1) differed from macrooxazole C only in the presence of methyl carboxylate instead of free carboxylic acid. Macrooxazole C showed moderate anti-proliferative activities against human breast cancer (MCF-7) and prostate cancer (LNCaP) cell lines with IC50 values of 0.29 mM and 0.36 mM, respectively. This study presents the possibility of the endophytic fungus Phoma sp. JS0228 to produce new bioactive natural compounds.

Recent studies on nucleon and alpha knockout reactions have shown that the distorted-wave impulse approximation (DWIA) is a simple and accurate method to describe these reactions. As it has been argued for decades, the nuclear absorption is one of the most important ingredients of the DWIA calculation. In this work, we systematically investigate the absorption effects on the cross sections of the nucleon and alpha knockout reactions. To do this, we calculate the ratio of the cross sections of the DWIA and plane-wave impulse approximation (PWIA) and examine its dependence on the mass number and single-particle orbital of the knocked-out particles. We will discuss the specific characteristics of the absorption effect for each reaction., Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures

Communications materials 2(1), 61 (2021). doi:10.1038/s43246-021-00158-7, Probing of reactive materials such as H$_2$O ices and fluids at the high pressures and temperatures of planetary interiors is limited by unwanted chemical reactions and confinement failure. Faster experiments can mitigate such issues, but the common approach of adiabatic compression limits the conditions achieved. This study demonstrates a fast experimental strategy for the creation and probing of selected extreme states using static compression coupled with ultrafast X-ray laser heating. Indirect X-ray heating of H$_2$O through the use of a gold absorber is evidenced by sample melting inferred from textural changes in the H$_2$O diffraction lines and inter-dispersion of gold and H$_2$O melts. Coupled with numerical analysis of femtosecond energy absorption, thermal equilibration, and heat transfer, all evidence indicates that temperatures in excess of an electron volt have been reached in the H$_2$O at high pressure. Even after repeated heating, samples stayed chemically unchanged from the starting material., Published by Springer Nature, London

This paper addresses a novel impact time and angle control guidance law using a Bézier curve. The 2nd order Bézier curve consists of one control point and two boundary points; initial point P0, middle point P1 and end point P2. The curve is tangent to the line P0-P1 and the line P1-P2, respectively, and always exists in the convex hull of the control points. Proposed Bézier curve navigation guidance, makes the missile follow the Bézier curve with the feedback form of guidance command so that the missile hits the target on the desired time in the desired direction. We conducted numerical simulations on several terminal conditions to demonstrate the performance of proposed method.

무기계 내화 필러는 실리콘 고무의 내화 성능 보강재로서 많은 관심을 받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 실리콘 고무 내화 필러로서 잘 알려진 수산화마그네슘(MDH), 수산화알루미늄(ATH)과 미네랄 울 2종의 실리콘 복합체를 제작해 열적, 물리적 특성을 비교 분석하였다. 가스토치 화염시험, 콘칼로리미터, TGA 분석을 통해 미네랄 울 2종의 내화 성능이 기존의 내화 필러 복합체보다 우수함을 확인하였다. 주사전자현미경(SEM), 만능재료시험기(UTM)를 통해 필러의 표면적이 큰 MDH를 실리콘 고무에 효과적으로 분산시킨 MDH/실리콘 고무 복합체가 인장, 인열, 신장율에서 우수한 특성을 나타냈고, 미네랄 울/실리콘 고무 복합체는 (MDH, ATH)/실리콘 고무 복합체에 비해 압축강도, 경도에서 우수한 특성을 확인하였다.

2019 AGU poster

Strange and charmed baryon productions from proton-antiproton collisions are studied in the effective Lagrangian and Regge approaches. We include only the $t$-channel dynamics which is dominant for the diffractive region that is relevant in the present discussions. For strangeness productions, the coupling constants for $K$ meson are determined by $SU(3)$ relations while other unknown parameters for $K^{*}$ couplings and for form factors are fixed by existing observed data for strangeness productions. By extrapolating the amplitudes for strangeness productions to those for charm, we predict charm production cross sections. It turns out that the total cross sections are $10^{4}$ to $10^{5}$ smaller than those of strangeness productions, depending on the final states. By using the known total cross sections for strangeness, $\sim 10^{2} \mu b$ for $\Lambda \bar{\Lambda}$ and, $\sim 10^{1} \mu b$ for $\Sigma \bar{\Lambda}$ the total cross sections for charm productions are predicted to be $\sim 10^{-2} \mu b$ for $\Lambda_{c} \bar{\Lambda}_c$, $\sim 10^{-3} \mu b$ for $\Sigma_{c} \bar{\Lambda}_c$, and $\sim 10^{-4} \mu b$ for $\Sigma_{c} \bar{\Sigma}_c$. Our results can be tested in the future experiments at $\bar{\text{P}}$ANDA.

The purpose of this article is to present the second type fundamental relationship between the generalized Fourier--Feynman transform and the generalized convolution product on Wiener space. The relationships in this article are also natural extensions (to the case on an infinite dimensional Banach space) of the structure which exists between the Fourier transform and the convolution of functions on Euclidean spaces.

This thesis research is concerned with the exploration, design, and validation of novel haptic technologies and signals that feel natural and meaningful in a calm and pleasant way. Our ultimate goal is to expand the possibilities of human-machine interaction by developing a single tactile display and a set of signals through a systematic design approach. It is generally a challenge to evoke a broad range of emotions with vibrotactile stimulation, especially at low signal intensities. During the first part of this thesis research, three types of prototypes were developed and explored using novel haptic technologies. The first was a circular array braille display consisting of eight small six-pin braille modules. The forty-eight pins were arranged in a circular shape to deliver circular tactile information such as time and direction. The second was a braille stick consisting of sixteen six-pin braille modules arranged in a row. The entire display could be easily grasped in the hand so that tactile information can be easily accessible. The third was a 3-by-3 electroactive polymer actuator array driven at high voltages that gives a subtle “tapping” feel on the skin. However, each of the three prototypes suffered from a limited range of expression and was not pursued further. After the initial prototyping efforts, a 2-by-2 vibrotactile display, the palmScape, was conceived and developed. Custom-designed stimulation patterns based on natural phenomena that feel calm and pleasant were designed and implemented with the palmScape. We use text labels to set the context for the vibrotactile icons that attempt to capture and expresses natural metaphors through variations in signal amplitude, frequency, duration, rhythm, modulation, spatial extent, as well as slow movements. Fourteen participants evaluated twenty vibrotactile icons by rating the perceived valence and arousal levels. The twenty stimuli included sixteen custom-designed vibrotactile icons from this thesis research and four reference patterns from two published studies. The results show that our custom-designed patterns were rated at higher valence levels than the corresponding reference signals at similar arousal ratings. Five of the sixteen vibrotactile icons from this research occupied the fourth quadrant of the valence-arousal space that corresponds to calm and pleasant signals. These findings support the validity of the palmScape display and our signal design approach for achieving a calm and pleasant experience and the possibility of reaching a broader range of expressiveness with vibrotactile signals. Future studies will continue with the design of signals that can express a broader range of metaphors and emotions through the palmScape, and build an emotional evaluation database that can be combined with other modalities. Our work can be further expanded to support an immersive experience with naturalistic-feeling vibrotactile effects and broaden the expressiveness of human-computer interfaces in media consumption, gaming, and other communicative application domains.

Background: Despite many attempts to improve the patency rate of biliary stents in patients with inoperable perihilar cholangiocarcinomas, the longevity of these stents has not been satisfactory. The purpose of the present study is to report technical outcomes and clinical efficacy of the placement of compound tri‑metal stent in patients with malignant perihilar biliary obstruction.Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed of the medical records of 26 consecutive patients with inoperable malignant perihilar biliary obstruction who underwent compound tri‑metal stent placement through a percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage tube from January 2012 to April 2017.Results: Placement of the compound tri‑metal stent was successfully completed in all 26 patients (technical success, 100%). There was neither procedure‑related mortality nor 30‑day mortality. None of these patients underwent additional metallic stent placement within 60 days secondary to recurrent cholangitis or stentocclusion. Successful drainage was achieved in 25 (96.2%) of 26 patients who received a compound tri‑metal stent. Patients treated with compound tri‑metal stent placement had a median stent patency of 145 days (range, 24–426 weeks) and a median survival time of 188 days (range, 37–1732 days).Conclusions: Placement of compound tri‑metal stent in patients with malignant perihilar biliary obstruction may offer a safe and effective alternate technique to improve biliary drainage and stent patency.Keywords: Cholangiocarcinoma, percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage, perihilar, stent

Polyvinylacetate (PVAc) was prepared using thermal initiation and redox initiation via emulsion polymerization at 80 o C. The polymerization conditions had a significant effect on the properties of the synthesized PVAc. When hydrogen peroxide and tartaric acid as the initiator for redox polymerization were used, the synthesized PVAc had a low molecular weight. In comparison with thermal polymerization, smaller PVAc particles were formed during the redox polymerization due to relatively faster polymerization rate, which in turn resulted in improved adhesion property. It is considered that the rapid generation of smaller particles induces the formation of a large surface area.

Here we advocate an observational strategy to help prioritize exoplanet observations. It starts with more easily obtained observational data, and ranks exoplanets for more difficult follow-up observations based on the likelihood of avoiding planets for which oxygen is a false positives or even an inconclusive signature of life. We find that for oxygen to be a robust biosignature, both land and surface water must be present. Landless exoplanets have much slower biogeochemical cycles, so while oxygenic photosynthesizing life could exist on such planets, it could not produce oxygen at a rate competitive with abiotic rates such as photolysis. These habitable planets, whose life would not be detectable, should be avoided., 6 pages, 1 figure, white paper submitted in response to the solicitation of feedback for the "Astrobiology Science Strategy for the Search for Life in the Universe" by the National Academy of Sciences

Background. Among the surgical methods for lumbar disc herniation, open lumbar microdiscectomy is considered the gold standard. Recently, percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy is also commonly performed for lumbar disc herniation for its various strong points. Objectives. The present study aims to examine whether percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy and open lumbar microdiscectomy show better results as surgical treatments for lumbar disc herniation in the Korean population. Methods. In the present meta-analysis, papers on Korean patients who underwent open lumbar microdiscectomy and percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy were searched, both of which are surgical methods to treat lumbar disc herniation. The papers from 1973, when percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy was first introduced, to March 2018 were searched at the databases of MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, and Cochrane Library. Results. Seven papers with 1254 patients were selected. A comparison study revealed that percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy had significantly better results than open lumbar microdiscectomy in the visual analogue pain scale at the final follow-up (leg: mean difference [MD]=-0.35; 95% confidence interval [CI]=-0.61, -0.09; p=0.009; back: MD=-0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI]=-1.42, -0.17; p=0.01), Oswestry Disability Index (MD=-2.12; 95% CI=-4.25, 0.01; p=0.05), operation time (MD=-23.06; 95% CI=-32.42, -13.70; p

ceramics were sintered under the presence of zinc-borosilicate(ZBS) glass and resultant microwave dielectric properties were investigated with a view to applying the composition to low-temperature co-fired ceramic(LTCC) technology. The addition of ZBS glass ensured successful sintering below . In general, increased addition of ZBS glass increased sinterability but it decreased the quality factor() significantly due to the formation of an excessive liquid and second phases. As for the addition of , the dielectric constant() and temperature coefficient of resonant frequency() increased, while the quality factor() did not show an apparent change. The sintered specimen at with 10 wt% ZBS glass demonstrated 39.6 in dielectric constant(), 4,400 in quality factor in temperature coefficient of resonant frequency().

Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References, Purpose: Introduction Tuberculous peritonitis in female patient has quite similar symptoms and signs, and imaging features with peritoneal carcinomatosis. Especially in peritoneal carcinomatosis with normal-sized ovarian carcinoma, there may be a diagnostic...

�� Ceti (HD10700), a G8 dwarf with solar mass of 0.78, is a close (3.65 pc) sun-like star where 5 possibly terrestrial planet candidates (minimum masses of 2, 3.1, 3.5, 4.3, and 6.7 Earth masses) have recently been discovered. We report abundances of 23 elements using spectra from the MIKE spectrograph on Magellan. Using stellar models with the abundances determined here, we calculate the position of the classical habitable zone with time. At the current best fit age, 7.63 Gy, up to two planets (e and f) may be in the habitable zone, depending on atmospheric properties. The Mg/Si ratio of the star is found to be 1.78, which is much greater than for Earth (about 1.2). With a system that has such an excess of Mg to Si ratio it is possible that the mineralogical make-up of planets around �� Ceti could be significantly different from that of Earth, with possible oversaturation of MgO, resulting in an increase in the content of olivine and ferropericlase compared with Earth. The increase in MgO would have a drastic impact on the rheology of the mantles of the planets around �� Ceti., 17 pages, 1 figure, supplemental table, Astrophysical Journal

Three new (1–3) and 17 known (4–20) iridoid and secoiridoid glycosides were isolated from a methanol extract of the rhizomes and roots of Gentiana scabra. Their chemical structures were elucidated from 1D and 2D NMR, IR absorption, and HR-ESI-MS spectra, as well as comparisons of these data with reported values. The effects of the isolated compounds on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated bone marrow-derived dendritic cells were investigated. Compounds 6, 10 and 20 exhibited significant inhibitory effects on LPS-induced IL-12 p40 and IL-6 production with IC50 values of 1.62–14.29 μM. Compound 10 also showed a strong inhibitory effect on the LPS-stimulated production of TNF-α with an IC50 value of 10.45 μM.

Photolysis of 1-phenyl-1,3,5-heptatriyne with unsyrmmetrical olefins such as acrylonitrile, methyl acrylate, and styrene in deaerated methylene chloride yields three regioselective [2+2] type 1:1 photoadducts.

In this paper, we present a study on the recent approaches in handling Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. DDoS attack is a fairly new type of attack to cripple the availability of Internet services and resources. A DDos attack can originate from anywhere in the network and typically overwhelms the victim server by sending a huge number of packets. Several remedial measures have been proposed by various researchers. This paper attempts to discuss the recent offerings to handle the DDoS attacks., Comment: 7 pages, 15 figures

Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP, also known as amylin) is responsible for pancreatic amyloid deposits in type 2 diabetes. The deposits, as well as intermediates in their assembly, are cytotoxic to pancreatic beta-cells and contribute to the loss of beta-cell mass associated with type 2 diabetes. The factors that trigger islet amyloid deposition in vivo are not well understood, but peptide membrane interactions have been postulated to play an important role in islet amyloid formation. To better understand the role of membrane interactions in amyloid formation, two-dimensional infrared (2D IR) spectroscopy was used to compare the kinetics of amyloid formation for human IAPP both in the presence and in the absence of negatively charged lipid vesicles. Comparison of spectral features and kinetic traces from the two sets of experiments provides evidence for the formation of an ordered intermediate during the membrane-mediated assembly of IAPP amyloid. A characteristic transient spectral feature is detected during amyloid formation in the presence of vesicles that is not observed in the absence of vesicles. The spectral feature associated with the intermediate raises in intensity during the self-assembly process and subsequently decays in intensity in the classic manner of a kinetic intermediate. Studies with rat IAPP, a variant that is known to interact with membranes but does not form amyloid, confirm the presence of an intermediate. The analysis of 2D IR spectra in terms of specific structural features is discussed. The unique combination of time and secondary structure resolution of 2D IR spectroscopy has enabled the time-evolution of a hIAPP intermediate to be directly monitored for the first time. The data presented here demonstrates the utility of 2D IR spectroscopy for studying membrane-catalyzed amyloid formation.

Samarium(II) iodide mediated intramolecular reductive coupling of carbonyl groups and alkynes in the presence of HMPA and t-BuOH was successfully performed to provide cyclized products. Some cyclic compounds containing a heteroatom such as oxygen or nitrogen were also efficiently prepared by this coupling reaction.

We report Raman and infrared absorption spectroscopy along with X-ray diffraction for brucite-type beta-Cd(OH)2 to 28 GPa at 300 K. The OH-stretching modes soften with pressure and disappear at 21 GPa with their widths increasing rapidly above 5 GPa, consistent with a gradual disordering of the H sublattice at 5 20 GPa similar to that previously observed for Co(OH)2. Asymmetry in the peak shapes of the OH-stretching modes suggests the existence of diverse disordered sitesfor H atoms in Cd(OH)2 under pressure. Above 15 GPa, the A1g(T) lattice mode shows non-linear behavior and softens to 21 GPa, at which pressure significant changes are observed: new Raman modes appear, two Raman-active lattice modes and the OH-stretching modes of the low-pressure phase disappears, and the positions of some X-ray diffraction lines change abruptly with the appearance of weak new diffraction features. These observations suggest that amorphization of the H sublattice is accompanied by a crystalline-to-crystalline transition at 21 GPa in Cd(OH)2, which has not been previously observed in the brucite-type hydroxides. The Raman spectra of the high-pressure phase of Cd(OH)2 is similar to those of the high-pressure phase of single-crystal Ca(OH)2 of which structure has been tentatively assigned to the Sr(OH)2 type.

122.6 and 156.1) indicated fusion of the furan ring with the 10-membered ring at the C-7 and C-8 positions. Finally, the presence of an epoxide ring was presumed to meet the number of unsaturations (tricyclic ring system) and the mole-cular formula. By comparison of chemical shifts with literature values, the epoxide ring was presumed to be at C-4 and C-5.

A cyclobutane was produced in one pot, when irradiated 1,4-diethynylbenzene and some o-quinones, such as tetrahalo-1,2-benzoquinones, phenanthrenequinone and acenaphthenequinone, in dichloromethane with 300 nm UV light.

Palladium-catalyzed allylation of carboranylacetic esters gives C-allyl derivatives in high yield. Thus, a new type of stabilized carbonucleophiles with the electron-withdrawing o -carboranyl group has been made.

Treatment of primary amines with pimelaldehyde in the presence of tetracarbonylhydridoferrate, HFe(CO) 4 − at room temperature under atmospheric pressure of CO for 24 hours gave selectively corresponding N-(cyclohexylmethyl)-N-alkylamines in moderate yields.

Irradiation of 1-phenyl-6-methyl- and 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriynes with N2 purged 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene yields 1:2 photoadducts, 1-(1′-phenylethynyl-2′,2′,3′,3′-tetramethylcyclopropyl)-2-(1″,2″,2″,3″,3″”-pentamethylcyclopropyl)acetylene and 1-(1′-phenylethynyl-2′,2′,3′,3′-tetramethylcyclopropyl)-2-(1″-phenyl-2″,2″,3″,3″-tetramethylcyclopropyl)acetylene, respectively. The photoaddition reactions seem to proceed from the triplet excited states.

The reductive amination of three ,-unsaturated aldehydes, cinnamaldehyde, crotonaldehyde, and acrolein are carried out successfully by tetracarbonylhydridoferrate in the presence of various primary amines. In a typical reaction, a mixture of potassium tetracarbonylhydridoferrate (22 mmole), an amine (22∼44 mole) and ,-unsaturated aldehyde (22 mmole), in ethanol (30∼50 ml) was stirred for 9∼60 hours at room temperature under carbon monoxide atmosphere. All the products were characterized as secondary amines by mass, infrared, and nmr spectra as well as gas chromatographic data

Indeno[2,1-a]indene, a trans-stilbene analogue with fixed planar configuration, yielded a head-to-head and a head-to-tail C4-cyclodimer on direct irradiation with 300 nm UV light. The fluorescence quenching and sensitization studies indicated the reaction to proceed through excited singlet state, very likely through the singlet excimer intermediate.

PART ONE. Photochemical cis⇌trans isomerization of β-styrylnaphthalene is studied by direct irradiation with light of various wavelengths and irradiation in the presence of sensitizers. A very unusual "negative" wavelength effect on quantum yields of trans→cis isomerization by direct irradiation is observed. The interpretation of this observation is presented in terms of multiple conformers of electronically excited states which are not interconvertible. The study of fluorescence spectra confirms the interpretation. Sensitizers transfer triplet energy quite efficiently to β-styrylnaphthalene. However, benzophenone whose triplet energy is considered to be high transfers triplet excitation preferentially to the cis isomer. Quenching constants, both kqc and kqt, were expected to be diffusion controlled. However, the study of the photostationary states and quantum yields of sensitized isomerization indicates the opposite for the benzophenone. A significant quantum waste is observed and interpreted in terms of localization of excitation in the naphthalene chromophore. The effect was far more pronounced in direct isomerization perhaps because the excited singlets are shorter lived than triplets made by energy transfer. Definitely a singlet mechanism is involved, perhaps in conjunction with other mechanisms, in direct isomerization. This is confirmed by the studies of quantum yields, photostationar y states, and side reactions. The studies of solvent effect and concentration effect on quantum yields in direct isomerization are also presented. 60Co γ-ray radiolysis of β-styrylnaphthalene in benzene indicates that the triplet mechanism is responsible for the isomerization of β-styrylnaphthalene in the radiolysis of benzene solution. The detailed study of G values and radiostationary states are presented with the discussions of the nature of the reaction. The implications of above studies in the study of other photoreactions are presented. PART TWO. The photochemistry of the model compounds for pyrimidine bases, N-methyl-4-pyridone and N-methyllutidone, is reported. Spectroscopic and chemical studies on the irradiations of these compounds in aqueous solutions indicate that the hydration occurs at the α-position and leads to ring opening. The products obtained from ring opening undergo some unknown reactions, perhaps photo-oxidations and polymerizations.

The J-PARC Hadron Experimental Facility was constructed with an aim to explore the origin and evolution of matter in the universe through the experiments with intense particle beams. In the past decade, many results on particle and nuclear physics have been obtained at the present facility. To expand the physics programs to unexplored regions never achieved, the extension project of the Hadron Experimental Facility has been extensively discussed. This white paper presents the physics of the extension of the Hadron Experimental Facility for resolving the issues in the fields of the strangeness nuclear physics, hadron physics, and flavor physics., 261 pages, 186 figures

We performed laser-heated diamond anvil cell experiments combined with state-of-the-art electron microanalysis (focused ion beam and aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy) to study the distribution and valence of iron in Earth's lower mantle as a function of depth and composition. Our data reconcile the apparently discrepant existing dataset, by clarifying the effects of spin (high/low) and valence (ferrous/ferric) states on iron partitioning in the deep mantle. In aluminum-bearing compositions relevant to Earth's mantle, iron concentration in silicates drops above 70 GPa before increasing up to 110 GPa with a minimum at 85 GPa; it then dramatically drops in the postperovskite stability field above 116 GPa. This compositional variation should strengthen the lowermost mantle between 1,800 km depth and 2,000 km depth, and weaken it between 2,000 km depth and the D" layer. The succession of layers could dynamically decouple the mantle above 2,000 km from the lowermost mantle, and provide a rheological basis for the stabilization and nonentrainment of large low-shearvelocity provinces below that depth.

Reductive amination of organic azides using tetracarbonylhydrido- ferrate(O) gave the corresponding amines in good to excellent yields at room temperature or −40°C under carbon monoxide atmosphere.

Absolute stereochemistry of panaxynol was determined by exciton chirality method. The circular dichroism spectra of panaxynol p-bromobenzoate and p-dimethylaminobenzoate show the negative exciton chirality at λ ext indicating the S configuration of the chiral center.

1,4-Diphenylbutadiyne(DPB) and several olefins such as 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene, 1,4-cyclohexadiene and dimethyl fumarate were irradiated with 300 nm UV light to obtain interesting cross-cycloaddition products.