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As a distributed problem-solving model based on human-machine integration, crowdsourcing has attracted wide attention in industry and academia with the development of Internet technology. There are many prominent problems on the crowdsourcing platform, for example, the task can't be noticed by users and the users are not competent for the task, resulting in huge waste of time and economy. If we can make coping recommendations according to the characteristics of the tasks, the operational efficiency of crowdsourcing platforms will be greatly improved. Therefore, this paper proposed a new task oriented recommendation method based on Hungarian algorithm in crowdsourcing platform. Aiming at the problem that the new users and tasks on the crowdsourcing platform have low matching degree, we establish the multi-objective optimization model of task recommendation with the aim of maximizing quality, time and cost efficiency. Then, the model is solved by the Hungarian algorithm through appropriate transformation. The experimental results show that the proposed method can improve the recommendations accuracy of new tasks, and therefor effectively improve the operational efficiency of crowdsourcing platforms.

Ke Tian,1,* Dongxia Sun,2,* Min Chen,2 Yifei Yang,1 Fang Wang,3 Taotao Guo,4 Zhimin Shi3 1Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056000, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Pathology, Handan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Handan 056000, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Pathology, Medical College, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056000, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China; 4Laboratory Department, Handan Second Hospital, Handan, Hebei Province 056000, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Zhimin Shi Tel +86-17732027089Email hdkosoier283@163.comPurpose: Although X-inactive specific transcript (XIST) is known to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of melanoma, the mechanisms through which this remains unclear.Methods: RNAseq, immunohistochemistry, and qRT-PCR were used to identify the levels of XIST, miR-139-5p, and Rho-Associated Coiled-Coil Containing Protein Kinase-1 (ROCK1) in melanoma tissues and cells. A subcellular fractionation assay was used to determine the location of XIST. CCK-8 and colony formation assays were used to evaluate cellular proliferation. Cell migration and wound healing assays were used to detect the effects on cell migration. RNA pull-down was used to confirm the interaction between XIST and miR-139-5p. Besides, the xenograft tumor experiment was performed to further verify the roles of XIST in melanoma.Results: In this study, an increased level of XIST was revealed in melanoma tissues and cells, which was associated with higher TNM stage and positive lymph node metastasis. XIST was found to function as a “molecular sponge” of miR-139-5p to facilitate cellular functions. Moreover, these consequences could be partially reversed by inhibition of miR-139-5p. MiR-139-5p was found to target ROCK1 directly, leading to suppression of ROCK1 expression; this effect could be partially reversed by inhibiting XIST expression. Furthermore, the deletion of ROCK1 induced anti-oncogenic effects similar to those seen with knockout of XIST. Upregulation of miR-139-5p and knockdown of XIST could inhibit cell functions in melanoma.Conclusion: Our findings suggested that the lncRNA XIST facilitates cellular functions in melanoma via the miR-139-5p/ROCK1 pathway.Keywords: LncRNA, XIST, melanoma, MiR-139-5p, ROCK1

Supplementary figures and derivations

Free-space optical communication is a promising means to establish versatile, secure and high-bandwidth communication for many critical point-to-point applications. While the spatial modes of light offer an additional degree of freedom to increase the information capacity of an optical link, atmospheric turbulence can introduce severe distortion to the spatial modes and lead to data degradation. Here, we propose and demonstrate a vector-beam-based, turbulence-resilient communication protocol, namely spatial polarization differential phase shift keying (SPDPSK), that can encode a large number of information levels using orthogonal spatial polarization states of light. We show experimentally that the spatial polarization profiles of the vector modes are resilient to atmospheric turbulence, and therefore can reliably transmit high-dimensional information through a turbid channel without the need of any adaptive optics for beam compensation. We construct a proof-of-principle experiment with a controllable turbulence cell. Using 34 vector modes, we have measured a channel capacity of 4.84 bits per pulse (corresponding to a data error rate of 4.3\%) through a turbulent channel with a scintillation index larger than 1. Our SPDPSK protocol can also effectively transmit 4.02 bits of information per pulse using 18 vector modes through even stronger turbulence with a scintillation index of 1.54. Our study provides direct experimental evidence on how the spatial polarization profiles of vector beams are resilient to atmospheric turbulence and paves the way towards practical, high-capacity, free-space communication solutions with robust performance under harsh turbulent environments.

Supplementary figures and derivations

Retrieving the vast amount of information carried by a photon is an enduring challenge in quantum metrology science and quantum photonics research. The transverse spatial state of a photon is a convenient high-dimensional quantum system for study, as it has a well-understood classical analogue as the transverse complex field profile of an optical beam. One severe drawback of all currently available quantum metrology techniques is the need for a time-consuming characterization process, which scales very unfavorably with the dimensionality of the quantum system. Here we demonstrate a technique that directly measures a million-dimensional photonic spatial state in a single setting. Through the arrangement of a weak measurement of momentum and parallel strong measurements of position, the complex values of the entire photon state vector become measurable directly. The dimension of our measured state is approximately four orders of magnitude larger than previously measured. Our work opens up a practical route for characterizing high-dimensional quantum systems in real time. Furthermore, our demonstration also serve as a high-speed, extremely-high-resolution unambiguous complex field measurement technique for diverse classical applications., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures

When a pulsed light beam propagates through ruby, it is delayed by a slow-light mechanism. This mechanism has been the subject of debate (Wisniewski-Barker et al 2013 New J. Phys. 15 083020; Kozlov et al 2014 New J. Phys. 16 038001; Wisniewski-Barker et al 2014 New J. Phys. 16 038002). To distinguish between the two main proposed mechanisms, we investigate the trailing edge of a square-wave pulsed laser beam propagating through ruby. Our observation of a pronounced tail on the trailing edge of the transmitted pulse cannot be explained solely by the effects of a time-varying absorber acting upon the incident pulse. Therefore, our observation of the creation of a tail at the trailing edge of the pulse provides evidence for a complicated model of slow light in ruby that requires more than pulse reshaping. The different delays of individual Fourier components of the pulse signal explain the pulse distortion that occurs upon transmission through the ruby and must be accounted for by any model that attempts to describe the effects of slow light in ruby.

The phenomenon of self-pumped slow light, where a single beam appears to be slowed by a solid-state media, is both subtle and controversial. Here, we reply to a comment on our recent work, which uses an observation of enhanced photon drag to distinguish between group delay and pulse reshaping.

With the infinite yearning for product performances in microelectronics and chemicals, increasing integration level of microelectronic products has brought the fatal problem of heat dissipation. In order to meet high-power chips' heat dissipation, in this paper, micro heat pipe with trapezium-grooved wick was digitally described first, then mathematical models were established for theoretical analysis, and finally experiments were conducted on micro heat-pipes of different groove structures manufactured by high speed spinning. The results shows, first, a micro heat pipe with trapezium-grooved wick has fairly good warm start performance, second, its inclination angle greatly influences heat transfer performance, third, better heat transfer performances can be obtained when the ratio of the groove's width to its wall thickness is 1:1 and that of the groove's depth to its width is 1.5:1; fourth, its thermal conductivity can be 100 times that of red copper.

When the effects of dispersion are included, neither the Abraham nor the Minkowski expression for electromagnetic momentum in a dielectric medium gives the correct recoil momentum for absorbers or emitters of radiation. The total momentum density associated with a field in a dielectric medium has three contributions: (i) the Abraham momentum density of the field, (ii) the momentum density associated with the Abraham force, and (iii) a momentum density arising from the dispersive part of the response of the medium to the field, the latter having a form evidently first derived by D.F. Nelson [Phys. Rev. A 44, 3985 (1991)]. All three contributions are required for momentum conservation in the recoil of an absorber or emitter in a dielectric medium. We consider the momentum exchanged and the force on a polarizable particle (e.g., an atom or a small dielectric sphere) in a host dielectric when a pulse of light is incident upon it, including the dispersion of the dielectric medium as well as a dispersive component in the response of the particle to the field. The force can be greatly increased in slow-light dielectric media., Comment: 9 pages. To be published by Optics Communications