Search

Carbon fiber composites are commonly used in aerospace and other fields due to their excellent properties, and fatigue damage will occur in the process of service. Damage imaging can be performed using damage probability imaging methods to obtain the fatigue damage condition of carbon fiber composites. At present, the damage factor commonly used in the damage probability imaging algorithm has low contrast and poor anti-noise performance, which leads to artifacts in the imaging and misjudgment of the damaged area. Therefore, this paper proposes a fatigue damage probability imaging method for carbon fiber composite materials based on the sparse representation of Lamb wave signals. Based on constructing the Lamb wave dictionary, a fast block sparse Bayesian learning algorithm is used to represent the Lamb wave signals sparsely, and the definition of Lamb wave sparse representing the damage factor calculates the damage probability of the monitoring area and then images the fatigue damage of the carbon fiber composite materials. The imaging research was carried out using the fatigue monitoring experiment data of NASA’s carbon fiber composite materials. The results show that the proposed damage factor can clearly distinguish the damaged area from the undamaged area and has strong noise immunity. Compared with the energy damage factor and the cross-correlation damage factor, the error percentages are reduced by at least 58.63%, 28.11%, and 8.43% for signal-to-noise ratios of 6 dB, 3 dB, and 0.1 dB, respectively, after adding noise to the signal. The results can more accurately reflect the real location and area of fatigue damage in carbon fiber composites.

Red tide caused severe impacts on marine fisheries, ecology, economy and human life safety. The formation mechanism of the red tide is rather complicated; thus, red tide prediction and forecasting have long been a research hotspot around the globe. This study collected ocean monitoring data before and after the occurrence of red tides in Xiamen sea area from 2009 to 2017. The Pearson correlation coefficient method was used to obtain the associated factors of red tide occurrence, including water temperature, saturated dissolved oxygen, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll-aand potential of hydrogen. Then, we built a short-time red tide prediction model based on the combination of multiple feature factors. chlorophyll-a, dissolved oxygen, saturated dissolved oxygen, potential of hydrogen, water temperature, salinity, turbidity, wind speed, wind direction and Air pressure were used as the input variables, building a short-time prediction model based on the combination of multiple feature factors to forecast red tide in the next 6 h by using the monitoring data. The accuracy of different forecast models with different feature combinations was compared. Results show that the distinguishing factors which have the most significant influence on red tide prediction in Xiamen are chlorophyll-a, dissolved oxygen, saturated dissolved oxygen, potential of hydrogen, and water temperature. the convergence speed of the Gated Recurrence Unit (GRU) prediction model based on the main feature factor proposed in this paper was faster and obtained the expected result, and the accuracy rates of the buoys are above 92%. The research shows the feasibility to use GRU network model to predict the occurrence of red tide with multi-feature factors as input parameters. the paper provides an effective method for the red tide early warning in Xiamen sea area.

Eminespina burma sp. nov. (Figs 1-5) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B03B0F38-33E9-417E-BAA4-68E9A74EEE33 Etymology. The specific name is a Latin word ��� Burma ��� referring to the country from which the material originates. Type material. Holotype: female, in Burmese amber, CSCLRCAB100340. Diagnosis. As for the genus. Description. Female, flattened body complete (Fig. 1). Body and appendages reddish brown, length (from anterior margin of head to tip of abdomen, exclusive of cerci) 7.4 mm; maximum width of head 2.2 mm. Hypognathous head (Fig. 2A, C; h) strongly transversal, with a frontal visible ocellus (other lateral ocelli invisible), compound eyes (Fig. 2A, C; ce) strongly convex (hemispherical), diameter 0.68 mm, with large near-circular base and extremely small ommatidia. Chewing mouthparts standard; labrum well developed, free; clypeolabral suture not recognizable. Mandibles not visible. Maxillae long, visible four-segmented palps, maxillary palp (Fig. 2B; mp) length 1.8 mm; distal palpomere longest, widened distally, distal end truncate; 5th segment narrow, conical. Antennae (Fig. 2C; a) long and slender, slightly shorter than half of body length, filiform, multi-segmented, first 15 antennomeres (total 20) covered with numerous short, thick setae (each segment bearing up to 20 setae). Neck (Fig. 2A; n) broad, width equal to one-third of head. Anterior margin of subgenae with distinct triangular crest (Fig. 2C; tc) below each compound eye. Sulcus or sutura between antennal sockets not visible. Epicranial sutures not visible; occipital and parietal ridges not recognizable. Pronotum cylindrical, evidently longer than wide, posterior and anterior widths equivalent (i.e., not constricted); indistinct transverse furrow (supracoxal furrow, Fig. 2A, C; sf) separates posterior one-third of pronotum from longer anterior part; three distinct stout spines distributed anterior quarter of pronotum from longer posterior part. Mesonotum and metanotum not visible. Legs moderately long, similar in their armature of spines and general shape, length slightly increasing from prothorax to metathorax. Fore femur (Figs 3C, 4A; ff) without spurs, profemoral brush absent, 0.6 mm long and 0.17 mm wide; fore tibia with two apical spurs, 0.5 mm long and ca. 0.08 mm wide; tarsus 0.33 mm long. Mid femur (Fig. 3C; mf) 1.6 mm long and 0.6 mm wide; mid tibia with two apical spurs, 1.7 mm long and 0.2 mm wide; mid tarsi 1.7 mm long. Hind femur (Figs 3C; hf & 3F) with small femoral spur (Fig. 3E), 0.5 mm long; hind tibia 2.2 mm long (0.04 mm wide) also with two long apical spurs (0.3 mm long) and three shorter spurs. Tarsus (Figs 3A, 4B & 4E) five-segmented, Ta1-3 of all legs with two pad-like euplantulae on ventral side, Ta4 with only one euplantula with shallow groove in proximal third; size of tarsi decreases from Ta1 to Ta4, small Ta4 distinctly protruding; elongate and slender apical Ta5 strongly bent upward. Arolium present, pretarsus with paired asymmetrical claws (Figs 3D & 3A; cl). Short and stout abdomen longer than wide and displays only seven visible sternites (Fig. 4F). Cerci (Fig. 4C) distinctly developed, 0.7 mm long, conical, strongly setose, about as long as distance between their bases, arise above the subgenital plate; composed 13 cercomeres (Fig. 4C; Ce1���13); Ce1���7 wider than long, oblong, Ce8-10 elongate and slender, Ce11-12 equal length and width, and elongate and slender distal cercomere (Ce13). The large terminal sternite (subgenital plate) of the female is triangular and apically pointed. Two valves of the ovipositors (Fig. 4D) are visible at least. Forewings (Figs 5A, 5B; fw) fully developed (hardened tegmina), 5.7 mm long and 2 mm wide, forming scale-like pseudoelytra with leathery cuticular structure and bunky present; veins not recognizable in forewings. Hindwing (Figs 5A, 5B, 5C; hw) fully developed, 5 mm long, about 2 mm wide, transparent with thick veins ending before wing margin and numerous cross-veins forming a fenestrate structure. Hindwing apex approximately reaches abdominal apex; veins C, Sc, J, &A invisible or indistinct; three cross veins between R1 and R2 at least, Rs bifurcate in distal one-third, R3 straight, simple; MA and MP fused basally in proximal one-third; MA bifurcate in distal onefifth, MA1, MA2, and MP straight, simple, slightly sinuated; pterostigma distinct (Fig. 5C; p), sharp not obvious. Male and morphs. Unknown., Published as part of Chen, Xin-Yu, Zhang, Hua-Chuan & Shi, Xiaoxiao, 2021, A new species and genus of Alienopteridae (Blattodea) from mid-Cretaceous amber of northern Myanmar, pp. 580-586 in Zootaxa 4941 (4) on pages 581-583, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4941.4.7, http://zenodo.org/record/4595746

Genus Eminespina gen. nov. Zoobank Type species. Eminespina Burma sp. nov. Etymology. The generic name is a combination of the Latin ��� emine ��� (meaning ���prominent���) and ��� spina ��� (meaning ���spine���) referring to the three prominent spines on the pronotum. Diagnosis. Female with hypognathous strongly transversal head. Compound eyes strongly convex (hemispherical), protruding. Antennae, slender and filiform. Neck broad, pronotum elongated, wide, cylindrical. Three unique spines distributed anterior quarter of pronotum from longer posterior part. Forewings long and apparently hardened, covering almost all parts of hind wings; hind wings fully developed, narrow, with thickened and strongly sclerotized veins and transparent membrane, surpassing tip of abdomen; pterostigma distinct. Legs moderately long. Femora slightly tapering distally, ventral surface of profemur without one row of dense setae along midline, and profemoral brush not developed. Tarsus five-segmented. Comments. The fossil is distinguished from other genera in having long, cylindrical pronotum and three distinct stout spines distributed anterior quarter of pronotum from longer posterior part. It is similar to Alienopterix and Vzrkadlenie in having fully developed forewings (hardened tegmina), but differs from the latter two in having the separated posterior area of the pronotum and relatively thin body. Aside from the different head shape, Eminespina gen. nov. is considerably larger than Aethiocarenus and possesses a long pronotum and wings with the second pair extending to the tip of the abdomen, while Aethiocarenus (at least the female) has a narrow entire pronotum and is apterous. Alienopterus is significantly less cercomeres compared with Eminespina gen. nov.. Eminespina gen. nov. differs from Alienopterella by the following characters: total body length larger (6.5 mm vs 7.4 mm); cerci composed of less cercomeres (five vs at least thirteen). It differs from Caputoraptor in lacking pronotum with sawlike edge with sharp teeth. Eminespina gen. nov. distinctly differs from Meilia in having the long head, pronotum and broader neck. It also differs from the Teyia in lacking the triangular-shaped head (widest portion at apex), constricted neck., Published as part of Chen, Xin-Yu, Zhang, Hua-Chuan & Shi, Xiaoxiao, 2021, A new species and genus of Alienopteridae (Blattodea) from mid-Cretaceous amber of northern Myanmar, pp. 580-586 in Zootaxa 4941 (4) on page 581, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4941.4.7, http://zenodo.org/record/4595746

Eminespina burma sp. nov. (Figs 1-5) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B03B0F38-33E9-417E-BAA4-68E9A74EEE33 Etymology. The specific name is a Latin word “ Burma ” referring to the country from which the material originates. Type material. Holotype: female, in Burmese amber, CSCLRCAB100340. Diagnosis. As for the genus. Description. Female, flattened body complete (Fig. 1). Body and appendages reddish brown, length (from anterior margin of head to tip of abdomen, exclusive of cerci) 7.4 mm; maximum width of head 2.2 mm. Hypognathous head (Fig. 2A, C; h) strongly transversal, with a frontal visible ocellus (other lateral ocelli invisible), compound eyes (Fig. 2A, C; ce) strongly convex (hemispherical), diameter 0.68 mm, with large near-circular base and extremely small ommatidia. Chewing mouthparts standard; labrum well developed, free; clypeolabral suture not recognizable. Mandibles not visible. Maxillae long, visible four-segmented palps, maxillary palp (Fig. 2B; mp) length 1.8 mm; distal palpomere longest, widened distally, distal end truncate; 5th segment narrow, conical. Antennae (Fig. 2C; a) long and slender, slightly shorter than half of body length, filiform, multi-segmented, first 15 antennomeres (total 20) covered with numerous short, thick setae (each segment bearing up to 20 setae). Neck (Fig. 2A; n) broad, width equal to one-third of head. Anterior margin of subgenae with distinct triangular crest (Fig. 2C; tc) below each compound eye. Sulcus or sutura between antennal sockets not visible. Epicranial sutures not visible; occipital and parietal ridges not recognizable. Pronotum cylindrical, evidently longer than wide, posterior and anterior widths equivalent (i.e., not constricted); indistinct transverse furrow (supracoxal furrow, Fig. 2A, C; sf) separates posterior one-third of pronotum from longer anterior part; three distinct stout spines distributed anterior quarter of pronotum from longer posterior part. Mesonotum and metanotum not visible. Legs moderately long, similar in their armature of spines and general shape, length slightly increasing from prothorax to metathorax. Fore femur (Figs 3C, 4A; ff) without spurs, profemoral brush absent, 0.6 mm long and 0.17 mm wide; fore tibia with two apical spurs, 0.5 mm long and ca. 0.08 mm wide; tarsus 0.33 mm long. Mid femur (Fig. 3C; mf) 1.6 mm long and 0.6 mm wide; mid tibia with two apical spurs, 1.7 mm long and 0.2 mm wide; mid tarsi 1.7 mm long. Hind femur (Figs 3C; hf & 3F) with small femoral spur (Fig. 3E), 0.5 mm long; hind tibia 2.2 mm long (0.04 mm wide) also with two long apical spurs (0.3 mm long) and three shorter spurs. Tarsus (Figs 3A, 4B & 4E) five-segmented, Ta1-3 of all legs with two pad-like euplantulae on ventral side, Ta4 with only one euplantula with shallow groove in proximal third; size of tarsi decreases from Ta1 to Ta4, small Ta4 distinctly protruding; elongate and slender apical Ta5 strongly bent upward. Arolium present, pretarsus with paired asymmetrical claws (Figs 3D & 3A; cl). Short and stout abdomen longer than wide and displays only seven visible sternites (Fig. 4F). Cerci (Fig. 4C) distinctly developed, 0.7 mm long, conical, strongly setose, about as long as distance between their bases, arise above the subgenital plate; composed 13 cercomeres (Fig. 4C; Ce1–13); Ce1–7 wider than long, oblong, Ce8-10 elongate and slender, Ce11-12 equal length and width, and elongate and slender distal cercomere (Ce13). The large terminal sternite (subgenital plate) of the female is triangular and apically pointed. Two valves of the ovipositors (Fig. 4D) are visible at least. Forewings (Figs 5A, 5B; fw) fully developed (hardened tegmina), 5.7 mm long and 2 mm wide, forming scale-like pseudoelytra with leathery cuticular structure and bunky present; veins not recognizable in forewings. Hindwing (Figs 5A, 5B, 5C; hw) fully developed, 5 mm long, about 2 mm wide, transparent with thick veins ending before wing margin and numerous cross-veins forming a fenestrate structure. Hindwing apex approximately reaches abdominal apex; veins C, Sc, J, &A invisible or indistinct; three cross veins between R1 and R2 at least, Rs bifurcate in distal one-third, R3 straight, simple; MA and MP fused basally in proximal one-third; MA bifurcate in distal onefifth, MA1, MA2, and MP straight, simple, slightly sinuated; pterostigma distinct (Fig. 5C; p), sharp not obvious. Male and morphs. Unknown.

Genus Eminespina gen. nov. Zoobank Type species. Eminespina Burma sp. nov. Etymology. The generic name is a combination of the Latin “ emine ” (meaning “prominent”) and “ spina ” (meaning “spine”) referring to the three prominent spines on the pronotum. Diagnosis. Female with hypognathous strongly transversal head. Compound eyes strongly convex (hemispherical), protruding. Antennae, slender and filiform. Neck broad, pronotum elongated, wide, cylindrical. Three unique spines distributed anterior quarter of pronotum from longer posterior part. Forewings long and apparently hardened, covering almost all parts of hind wings; hind wings fully developed, narrow, with thickened and strongly sclerotized veins and transparent membrane, surpassing tip of abdomen; pterostigma distinct. Legs moderately long. Femora slightly tapering distally, ventral surface of profemur without one row of dense setae along midline, and profemoral brush not developed. Tarsus five-segmented. Comments. The fossil is distinguished from other genera in having long, cylindrical pronotum and three distinct stout spines distributed anterior quarter of pronotum from longer posterior part. It is similar to Alienopterix and Vzrkadlenie in having fully developed forewings (hardened tegmina), but differs from the latter two in having the separated posterior area of the pronotum and relatively thin body. Aside from the different head shape, Eminespina gen. nov. is considerably larger than Aethiocarenus and possesses a long pronotum and wings with the second pair extending to the tip of the abdomen, while Aethiocarenus (at least the female) has a narrow entire pronotum and is apterous. Alienopterus is significantly less cercomeres compared with Eminespina gen. nov.. Eminespina gen. nov. differs from Alienopterella by the following characters: total body length larger (6.5 mm vs 7.4 mm); cerci composed of less cercomeres (five vs at least thirteen). It differs from Caputoraptor in lacking pronotum with sawlike edge with sharp teeth. Eminespina gen. nov. distinctly differs from Meilia in having the long head, pronotum and broader neck. It also differs from the Teyia in lacking the triangular-shaped head (widest portion at apex), constricted neck.

With the rapid development of biomedical imaging, non-invasive imaging method particularly has been widely used in clinical diagnosis. Different imaging methods have their own advantages, such as higher resolution of optical imaging, deeper penetration of acoustic imaging, high resolution photoacoustic imaging (PAI), and multi-parameter guidance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Recent years, multimodal MRI, fluorescence imaging, PAI and others have been verified to play an important role in the field of molecular imaging and provided detail information for accurate in vivo diagnosis. Therefore, the design of multimodal probe that can integrate the above advantages to carry out combined imaging will be more accurate to assist diagnosis and treatment. While tumor microenvironment (TME) is highly critical in validating and optimizing current therapeutic strategies. Herein, we highlight the TME-triggered supramolecular system as an in situ nano-generator for multimodal imaging-guided treatment. The experimental protocols on the PAI/fluorescence imaging/MRI-based diagnosis are described in this chapter.

Tian D, Shi X, Zhao Y, et al. Diabet Metab Syndr Obes. 2019;12:1583– 1596.The authors of this paper have advised that Figures 5 and 6 are incorrect. The authors provided only one actin control for each treatment. However, their different target proteins had their own matched actin from the same experiment. This does not change the conclusion of the paper. The authors apologize for this error.Read the original article

Chao Chen,1 Hao Dong,1 Chunhui Shou,1 Xiaoxiao Shi,1 Qing Zhang,1 Xiaosun Liu,1 Kankai Zhu,1 Baishu Zhong,2 Jiren Yu1 1Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Jiren YuDepartment of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of ChinaTel + 86 571 8723 6147Fax + 86 571 8707 2577Email yujr0909@zju.edu.cnPurpose: To investigate the feasibility and utility of computer tomography (CT) volumetry in evaluating the tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in advanced gastric cancer (AGC) patients.Patients and Methods: One hundred and seventeen Patients with AGC who received NAC followed by R0 resection between January 2006 and December 2012 were included. Tumor volumes were quantified using OsiriX software. The volume reduction rate (VRR) was calculated as follows: VRR = [(pre-chemotherapy total volume) − (post-chemotherapy total volume)]/(pre-chemotherapy total volume) × 100%. The optimal cut-off VRR for differentiating favorable from unfavorable prognosis was determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Overall survival was calculated using Kaplan-Meier analysis and values were compared using the Log-rank test. Multivariate analysis was determined by the Cox proportional regression model.Results: The optimal cut-off VRR was 31.95% according to ROC analysis, with a sensitivity of 70.4% and a specificity of 71.7%. Based on the cut-off VRR, patients were divided into the VRR-High (VRR ≥ 31.95%, n = 63) and VRR-Low (VRR < 31.95%, n = 54) groups. The VRR-Low group exhibited a worse prognosis than that of the VRR-High group (HR, 2.85; 95% CI, 1.69– 4.82, P < 0.001), with 3-year survival rates of 40.7% and 79.4%, and 5-year survival rates of 31.5% and 63.5%, respectively.Conclusion: CT volumetry is a feasible and reliable method for assessing the tumor response to NAC in patients with AGC.Keywords: advanced gastric cancer, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, computed tomography volumetry

Dongli Tian,1 Xiaoxiao Shi,1 Yumo Zhao,1 Xiaoyan Peng,1 Linfeng Zou,1 Lubin Xu,1 Ying Ma,1 Yubin Wen,1 Robert Faulhaber-Walter,2 Limeng Chen11Department of Nephrology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, People’s Republic of China; 2Department Facharztzentrum Aarberg, Nephrology, Waldshut-Tiegen, GermanyCorrespondence: Limeng ChenDepartment of Nephrology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Road 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Beijing 100730, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 106 915 5351Fax +86 106 915 5058Email chenlimeng@pumch.cnPurpose: In our previous study, exacerbation of albuminuria was observed in A1 adenosine receptor knockout (A1AR−/-,) mice with diabetic nephropathy (DN), but the mechanism was unclear. Here, we investigated the relationship of megalin loss and albuminuria, to identify the protective effect of A1AR in megalin loss associated albuminuria by inhibiting pyroptosis-related caspase-1/IL-18 signaling of DN.Methods: We successfully collected DN patients’ samples and built diabetes mice models induced by streptozotocin. Megalin, cubilin, and A1AR expression were detected in kidney tissue samples from DN patients and mice through immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent staining. A1AR, caspase-1, interleukin-18 (IL-18) expression were analyzed using Western blotting in wild-type and A1AR−/-, mice. Human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTC) were cultured with high glucose to observe the effect of A1AR agonist and antagonist on caspase-1/IL-18 and megalin injury.Results: The loss of megalin, co-localized with A1AR at PTC, was associated with the level of albuminuria in diabetic patients and mice. The injury of megalin-cubilin was accompanied with the A1AR upregulation (1.30±0.1 vs 0.98±0.2, P=0.042), the caspase-1 (1.33±0.1 vs 1.0±0.2, P=0.036), and IL-18 (1.26±0.2 vs 0.96±0.2, P=0.026) signaling activation in mice with DN. More severe pathological injury, 24 hrs urine albumin excretion (170.8±4.1 μg/d vs 132.0±2.9 μg/d vs 17.9±2.8 μg/d, P

Driving toward the goal of gaining a high level of intelligence and agility that mimics or surpasses that of humans, sensing systems have been widely investigated. As a complex network, tactile sense converts environmental stimuli into electrical impulses through various sensory receptors, which has been exploited in a large number of revolutionary applications, including robotics, prosthetics, and health‐monitoring devices. However, it remains significantly difficult to mimic all the functionalities of human skin. Herein, a machine tactile sensing system is proposed based on machine vision, which is commonly referred to as “electronic skin” or “e‐skin.” With a high density of 625 sensing points per square centimeter similar to that of human skin, the proposed sensing system can successfully measure 3D force and temperature distribution simultaneously. Based on this information, the shape, weight, texture, stiffness, and viscosity of objects can be obtained, comprehensively mimicking the human tactile system. Moreover, the experimental results show that the proposed e‐skin achieves excellent repeatability, reproducibility, and stability compared to those based on other principles such as the piezoresistive effect and capacitive effect.

Branched poly(styrene-co-dodecyl acrylate) (BPSDA) was prepared by the atom transfer radical copolymerization of styrene with dodecyl acrylate using p-cholomethyl styrene as initiator-monomer (inimer) and CuCl/Bpy (2,2′-bipyridine) complex as catalyst. The remarkable discrepancies between the molecular weight determined by gel permeation chmotagraphy and multiangel laser light scattering reveals the highly branched structure of the resulting copolymer. Furthermore, the composition was analyzed by hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), which is consistent with the feed ratio of monomers. Blending of the branched product with high density polyethylene (HDPE) was attempted in haake mixer. The rheological, mechanical, and thermal stability properties of the resulting blends were studied. Compared with pure HDPE, the complex viscosity of blend with addition of 4 wt % BPSDA decreased by 15.9%. While the elongation at break decreased by 5.5% and tensile strength decreased by 4.2%. SEM (scanning electron microscopy) revealed that the average particle size of disperse phase in HDPE/4% BPSDA blend is 0.45 μm in diameter. Differential scanning calorimetry characterization showed that the addition of BPSDA accelerated the relative crystallization rate but decreased the final absolute degree of crystallinity. No obvious change of thermal stability of the blends was observed relative to pure HDPE. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008