Search

Surveys of Hawaiian macroalgae over the past 15 years have yielded numerous specimens representing species new to science. Calliblepharis yasutakei sp. nov. is here described based on a plant collected at a depth of 98 m from Kapou, Papahânaumokuâkea Marine National Monument, Hawaiʻi. Phylogenetic analyses of three molecular markers (COI, rbcL, and SSU) and analyses of morphological features were used to describe the new species in the family Cystocloniaceae. Calliblepharis yasutakei sp. nov. grouped with C. fimbriata, C. rammediorum, C. occidentalis and C. jolyi in a clade with full support for the rbcL analysis, representing a distinct lineage within the genus. Phylogenetic and vegetative morphological comparisons demonstrated that the new Hawaiian species is most closely related to C. rammediorum from Israel (rbcL similarity of 96.3%), although no female reproductive structures were found to allow a more comprehensive comparison. In order to determine whether C. yasutakei represents the first confirmed report of the genus Calliblepharis in the Hawaiian Islands, phylogenetic and morphological analysis of the Hawaiian Hypnea saidana (=Calliblepharis saidana) specimen accessioned at the Bernice P. Bishop Museum was performed. These analyses demonstrated that this specimen belongs to a new species in the genus Hypnea, which is here described as H. tsudae sp. nov. C. yasutakei, in addition to being a new species, is also reported as the first confirmed record of the genus Calliblepharis in the Hawaiian archipelago, and the description of H. tsudae brings the number of species for this genus in Hawaiʻi to eight.

Fumo, James T., Sherwood, Alison R. (2023): Phylogeography of Amansia glomerata C.Agardh (Ceramiales, Rhodomelaceae) in Hawai'i: A single species with high divergence. Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (4): 85-100, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2023v44a4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2023v44a4

Calliblepharis yasutakei M.O.Paiano & A.R.Sherwood, sp. nov. (Fig. 3 A-H) Holotype: — U.S.A. Hawai‘i, Papahânaumokuâkea Marine National Monument, Kapou (Lisianski), 26.08363°N, 174.16647°W, 98 m depth, 30 July 2019, R. Kosaki (holotype BISH 783229; ARS 10483; field code NWHI-761). Description: Thallus erect, delicate, pinkish-red when living, drying to dark red along the main axis and pink along some branches, slightly compressed, plant 3.8 cm tall × 2.6 cm wide (Fig. 3A–B), attached to the substratum by a small and inconspicuous holdfast. Thallus irregularly or dichotomously branched, at narrow angles, with branches up to 3.1 mm wide (Fig. 3B). Upper part of thallus sparsely branched; lacking anastomoses. Thallus organization uniaxial, apex consisting of a single apical cell (Fig. 3C). Surface view of cortical cells irregular to polygonal, 10–20 µm × 5–15 µm, with rosette cells weakly developed around the cortical cells (Fig. 3D). Pit-connections absent. Lenticular thickenings frequently observed in cortical cells (Fig. 3E–F). Cross sections 250–295 μm thick, with medulla consisting of one layer of large, rounded cells, 66.7–74.1 μm long, 85.2–92.6 μm wide, and one outer layer of pigmented, rounded to irregular small cells, 11.1–22.1 μm long, 7.4–22.2 μm wide (Fig. 3G). Central axial filament evident in surface view, consisting of elongate cells (arrows), 20–40 μm long × 8–15 μm wide, surrounded by 2–3 layers of medullary cells and one or two layers of rounded cortical cells. (Fig. 3H). Unicellular hairs not observed. Reproductive characters were not observed. Etymology:— C. yasutakei is named in memory of Mr. Yumi Yasutake, a long-time educator and scientist for the Papahânaumokuâkea Marine National Monument. Through the use of algal pressings as a student activity, Yasutake shared his love of phycology, marine science, and Papahânaumokuâkea with legions of young people throughout the state of Hawai‘i. Distribution and Habitat:— Known only from the type locality, at 98 m depth. Identification using DNA sequence data:— GenBank accessions OL795915 (COI), OL795916 (rbc L) and OL828740 (SSU)., Published as part of Paiano, Monica O., Fumo, James T., Cabrera, Feresa P., Kosaki, Randall K., Spalding, Heather L. & Sherwood, Alison R., 2022, Calliblepharis yasutakei sp. nov. and Hypnea tsudae sp. nov. (Cystocloniaceae, Rhodophyta): novel diversity from the Hawaiian Islands, pp. 74-86 in Phytotaxa 572 (1) on pages 79-80, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.572.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/7305722

Hypnea tsudae M.O.Paiano F.P.Cabrera & A.R.Sherwood, sp. nov. (Fig. 4 A-H) Holotype: — U.S.A. Hawai‘i, Pu‘ukohala Heiau National Park, Island of Hawai‘i 20.748°N, 24.384°W, 1.5 m depth, 03 August 2006, C. Squair (holotype BISH 740394). Paratypes: — ARS 03115 (BISH 786150) from U.S.A. Hawai‘i, Island of Maui, Hana, Kaihalulu Beach, 20.7589°N, 155.985°W, intertidal, 10 December 2007, K. Conklin; ARS 03542 (BISH 786151) from U.S.A. Hawai‘i, Island of Kauai, 22.2208°N, 159.583°W, intertidal, 17 March 2007, A. Kurihara. Description: Thalli upright, terete, ranging from 1.2–4.5 cm in length (Figs 4A–C), usually rich red in color when living, drying to a light pink to orange when pressed (Fig 4A). Thalli are compressed with thorn-like branchlets that are often dichotomously branched at the apices and alternately branched in the mid to basal portions (Figs 4D–E). Branching most often in three-dimensional space (Figs 4A–E). In surface view, thallus is composed of small cortical cells, elongated, 4.0–7.5 μm in length and 2.0–10.8 μm in diameter (Fig 4F). Axes uniaxial, rounded. Transverse sections 310–440 μm in diameter (Figs 4G–H). Each axial cell surrounded by three to five periaxial cells (Figs 4G–H), 38–45 μm in diameter, surrounded by two to four layers of large, rounded to cuboidal medullary cells, 30–98 μm in length and 20–60 μm in width. Holdfast not observed. Only sterile plants observed. Etymology:— This species is named in memory of our colleague, Dr. Roy Tsuda, who made many contributions to our understanding of the flora of the Western Pacific, and who collaborated with us extensively on the taxonomy of the mesophotic flora of the Hawaiian Islands and the Papahânaumokuâkea Marine National Monument. Distribution and Habitat:— subtidal from Island of Hawai‘i, intertidal coastal waters of Maui and Kaua‘i, in the Main Hawaiian Islands, USA. Identification using DNA sequence data:— GenBank accessions OL 795917 (COI), OL 795918 (rbc L) and OL 828741 (SSU) for the holotype, ON 704651 (ARS 03115) and ON 704652 (ARS 03542) (rbc L) for the paratypes., Published as part of Paiano, Monica O., Fumo, James T., Cabrera, Feresa P., Kosaki, Randall K., Spalding, Heather L. & Sherwood, Alison R., 2022, Calliblepharis yasutakei sp. nov. and Hypnea tsudae sp. nov. (Cystocloniaceae, Rhodophyta): novel diversity from the Hawaiian Islands, pp. 74-86 in Phytotaxa 572 (1) on page 82, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.572.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/7305722

Calliblepharis yasutakei M.O.Paiano & A.R.Sherwood, sp. nov. (Fig. 3 A-H) Holotype: — U.S.A. Hawai‘i, Papahânaumokuâkea Marine National Monument, Kapou (Lisianski), 26.08363°N, 174.16647°W, 98 m depth, 30 July 2019, R. Kosaki (holotype BISH 783229; ARS 10483; field code NWHI-761). Description: Thallus erect, delicate, pinkish-red when living, drying to dark red along the main axis and pink along some branches, slightly compressed, plant 3.8 cm tall × 2.6 cm wide (Fig. 3A–B), attached to the substratum by a small and inconspicuous holdfast. Thallus irregularly or dichotomously branched, at narrow angles, with branches up to 3.1 mm wide (Fig. 3B). Upper part of thallus sparsely branched; lacking anastomoses. Thallus organization uniaxial, apex consisting of a single apical cell (Fig. 3C). Surface view of cortical cells irregular to polygonal, 10–20 µm × 5–15 µm, with rosette cells weakly developed around the cortical cells (Fig. 3D). Pit-connections absent. Lenticular thickenings frequently observed in cortical cells (Fig. 3E–F). Cross sections 250–295 μm thick, with medulla consisting of one layer of large, rounded cells, 66.7–74.1 μm long, 85.2–92.6 μm wide, and one outer layer of pigmented, rounded to irregular small cells, 11.1–22.1 μm long, 7.4–22.2 μm wide (Fig. 3G). Central axial filament evident in surface view, consisting of elongate cells (arrows), 20–40 μm long × 8–15 μm wide, surrounded by 2–3 layers of medullary cells and one or two layers of rounded cortical cells. (Fig. 3H). Unicellular hairs not observed. Reproductive characters were not observed. Etymology:— C. yasutakei is named in memory of Mr. Yumi Yasutake, a long-time educator and scientist for the Papahânaumokuâkea Marine National Monument. Through the use of algal pressings as a student activity, Yasutake shared his love of phycology, marine science, and Papahânaumokuâkea with legions of young people throughout the state of Hawai‘i. Distribution and Habitat:— Known only from the type locality, at 98 m depth. Identification using DNA sequence data:— GenBank accessions OL795915 (COI), OL795916 (rbc L) and OL828740 (SSU).

Incendia lisianskiensis A.R. Sherwood sp. nov. (Fig. 1A���J) Type: ��� USA. Hawai���i, Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument, Kapou (Lisianski Island), 26.025277��N, 174.15694��W, 55 m depth, 30 July 2019, B. Hauk (holotype BISH 780872; ARS 09969; field code NWHI-846). Description: Thallus crustose, prostrate, on coral rubble, reddish in color with orange markings (Fig. 1A). Thallus moderately calcified, with undulating margins, and raised ridges on the thallus surface Fig. 1A). Hypothallus filaments consisting of mostly unbranched, parallel files of rectangular cells, cells 5.0���7.0 ��m in width �� 16.3���19.0 ��m in height, giving rise to perithallial assurgent filaments above and rhizoids below (Fig. 1B���E). Crusts thin, ranging from 120���190 ��m. Perithallial assurgent filaments arising at more or less 90�� angle from hypothallus (Fig. 1B���D). Cells of mid- to lower perithallus irregularly subisodiametric, 5.1���9.2 ��m in width �� 7.5���11.4 ��m in height (Fig. 1B���D). Lower perithallial cells forming cellular projections and secondary pit connections (Fig. 1B���D). Upper perithallial cells smaller than those in the lower perithallus, isodiametric to slightly taller than broad; 3.4���7.2 ��m width �� 6.7���8.2 ��m height (Fig. 1B,C). Rhizoids 4.8���10.0 ��m diameter, medium to long, unbranched, and multicellular (Fig. 1F). Hair cells absent (Fig. 1G). Gametangial and tetrasporangial reproduction not observed. Distribution and Habitat:��� Known only from the type locality. Etymology:��� Named for the type locality. Identification using DNA sequence data:��� Neighbor-joining analysis of available COI sequences for currently recognized species of Incendia and Seiria (and other non- Peyssonnelia species in the Peyssonneliales) supported the recognition of I. lisianskiensis as a novel species (Fig. 2). The Incendia lisianskiensis COI sequence (MZ043101) differed by 7.4% (p-distance) from its most similar congener with COI representation, I. regularis K.R.Dixon, and by>9.0% from all other available Incendia COI sequences. The rbcL phylogeny (ML topology is shown, with support values from both analyses included at nodes) also indicated a close relationship between I. lisianskiensis and I. regularis, supporting the inclusion of this specimen in the genus Incendia, and the distinction of I. lisianskiensis from other Incendia taxa included in the analysis (Fig. 3)., Published as part of Sherwood, Alison R., Cabrera, Feresa P., Spalding, Heather L., Alvarado, Erika A., Smith, Celia M., Hauk, Brian B., Matadobra, Stephen J., Kosaki, Randall K. & Paiano, Monica O., 2021, Biodiversity of Hawaiian Peyssonneliales (Peyssonneliaceae, Rhodophyta): new species in the genera Incendia and Seiria, pp. 14-26 in Phytotaxa 524 (1) on page 19, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.524.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/5606530

Seiria mesophotica A.R. Sherwood sp. nov. (Fig. 4A���J) Type: ��� USA, Hawai���i, off West Moloka���i, 21.0455��N, 157.3524��W, 80 m depth, 28 November 2006, H. Spalding (holotype BISH 780873; ARS 09666; field code P4-189 -cont.8-#328). Description: Thallus crustose, prostrate, on coral rubble, brick red to dark, brownish maroon in color (Fig. 4A,B). Thallus moderately to heavily calcified, somewhat lobed or entire, mostly to completely adherent to substratum. Crusts thin, typically approximately 100 ��m, ranging from 80���180 ��m (Fig. 4C���E). Hypothallus filaments consisting of parallel files of cells (Fig. 4G), mostly unbranched, cells 4.6���8.8 ��m in width and 18.2���27.7 ��m in height, giving rise to perithallial assurgent filaments above and rhizoids below. Perithallial assurgent filaments arising at 60���90�� angle from hypothallus (Fig. 4C���E). Perithallus thin, composed of short filaments that are mostly 4���8 cells long (Fig. 4C���E). Lower perithallial cells taller than broad, 14.5���24.8 ��m in height �� 5.9���8.0 ��m in width (Fig. 4D). Perithallial cells becoming shorter towards upper portion of perithallus. Mid-perithallial fusion cells absent. Uppermost perithallial cells quasi-isodiametric, 7.8���15.8 ��m width �� 5.0���9.3 ��m height (Fig. 4E). Cuticle on surface of perithallus 4���8 ��m thick (Fig. 4C���E). Rhizoids 5.4���8.8 ��m diameter, mostly short to medium length, unbranched, and unicellular (Fig. 4F). Hair cells absent (Fig. 4H). Gametangial reproduction not observed. Mature tetrasporangia 43���99 �� 22���44 ��m, cruciate decussate to irregularly cruciate (Fig. 4I), borne in raised, subcircular, scattered gelatinous nemathecia, nemathecial paraphyses up to 9 cells in length, 130 ��m long (Fig. 4J). Other examined material:��� USA, Hawai���i: Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument, Manawai (Pearl and Hermes Atoll), 27.9625��N, 175.8361��W, 67 m depth, 31 July 2019, S. Matadobra (BISH 780874; ARS 09967; field code NWHI-833). Distribution and Habitat:��� Known from the off West Moloka���i in the Main Hawaiian Islands and Manawai of the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument at mesophotic depths of 67- 80 m. Etymology:��� Named for the mesophotic depths at which the specimens were collected. Identification using DNA sequence data:��� A DNA barcoding analysis of COI sequences for the two specimens of Hawaiian Seiria (MZ043099 and MZ043100) and available COI data for related taxa demonstrated less than 4% sequence divergence between the two Hawaiian specimens (3.3% difference between ARS 09666 and ARS 09967), and much greater distance to the type species, S. magnifusa K.R.Dixon (12.0-12.2%; Fig. 2). The rbcL phylogeny supported S. magnifusa as the closest relative to S. mesophotica, with 12.1-13.0% difference in the sequences of the two taxa (Fig. 3)., Published as part of Sherwood, Alison R., Cabrera, Feresa P., Spalding, Heather L., Alvarado, Erika A., Smith, Celia M., Hauk, Brian B., Matadobra, Stephen J., Kosaki, Randall K. & Paiano, Monica O., 2021, Biodiversity of Hawaiian Peyssonneliales (Peyssonneliaceae, Rhodophyta): new species in the genera Incendia and Seiria, pp. 14-26 in Phytotaxa 524 (1) on pages 20-24, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.524.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/5606530

A second species in the siphonous green algal genus Avrainvillea was recently discovered off the island of O'ahu in the Main Hawaiian Islands. Specimens were collected from Honolulu Harbor, including its entrance channel, and near Ke'ehi Harbor. These locations are both in Mālama Bay on O'ahu's south shore in or adjacent to urbanized estuaries, respectively. In situ observations, morphological and molecular assessments were conducted to examine the alga's habit and distribution, as well as to assess its putative species identification. The alga occurred in sand as single individuals or in clusters of several individuals at both sites, and near or within seagrass beds (Halophila decipiens) and algal meadows composed of the green alga Halimeda kanaloana and an unidentified Udotea species at the Ke'ehi Harbor site. All analyses supported both populations as representative of the same taxa, reported until further investigation in the broad Pacific as Avrainvillea cf. erecta based on morphological and molecular analyses. This record of a second Avrainvillea species in Hawai'i is of particular concern considering that an alga recognized as A. amadelpha, first observed in 1981 from two locales on O'ahu's south shore, has become invasive in Hawai'i's intertidal to mesophotic environments.

The systematics of the Laurencia complex was investigated using a taxon-rich data set including the chloroplast ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit (rbcL) gene only and a character-rich data set combining mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 (COI-5P), the rbcL marker, and the nuclear large subunit of the ribosomal operon (LSU). Bayesian and ML analyses of these data sets showed that three species hitherto placed in the genus Laurencia J.V.Lamour. were not closely related to Laurencia s. str. Laurencia caspica Zinova & Zaberzhinskaya was the sister group of the remaining Osmundea Stackh. species, L. crustiformans McDermid joined Palisada and L. flexilis Setch. consisted of an independent lineage. In light of these results a new genus, Ohelopapa F.Rousseau, Martin-Lescanne, Payri & L.Le Gall gen. nov., is proposed to accommodate L. flexilis. This new genus is morphologically characterized by four pericentral cells in each vegetative axial segment; however, it lacks ‘corps en cerise’ in cortical cells and secondary pit connections between cortical cells, which are characteristic of Laurencia. Three novel combinations are proposed to render the classification closer to a natural system: Ohelopapa flexilis (Setch.) F.Rousseau, Martin-Lescanne, Payri & L.Le Gall comb. nov., Osmundea caspica (Zinova & Zaberzhinskaya) Maggs & L.M.McIvor comb. nov. and Palisada crustiformans (McDermid) A.R.Sherwood, A.Kurihara & K.W.Nam comb. nov.

The genetic variability of the genus 'Hildenbrandia' throughout its distributional range and the taxonomic implications of this variation were examined using a combination of DNA sequence analyses ('rbc'L and 18S rRNA genes, and ITS regions), other molecular marker techniques (ISSR analyses) and morphometric analyses. The phylogenetic relationship of ' Hildenbrandia' to the second genus of the Hildenbrandiales, ' Apophlaea', was also examined using these techniques. Analyses of North American 'Hildenbrandia' demonstrated high sequence divergence values within and among marine and freshwater forms (