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We aimed to investigate the immunophenotype, differential diagnosis, and clinicopathological characteristics of signet-ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) derived from gastric foveolar epithelium.Clinical characteristics, endoscopic findings, histopathological features, and follow-up data of seven cases of SRCC derived from gastric foveolar epithelium with small intramucosal lesions were analyzed.Seven patients with a mean age of 38.3 years were diagnosed with SRCC derived from gastric foveolar epithelium and small intramucosal lesions, all of them were negative for CDH-1 germline mutation. The glands proliferated and expanded, and then morphologically transformed into signet-ring cells and formed clonal hyperplastic SRCC, which expanded laterally along the gastric foveolar cells to a length of 3-6 mm. Periodic acid Schiff staining was positive, while CK7 and MUC6 were negative, in all cases. Ki-67-positive cells ranged 37%-60%. During a follow-up period of 6-30 months, no patients experienced tumor recurrence or metastasis.SRCC derived from gastric foveolar epithelium is originated from the proliferative region of the bottom of the gastric pit and gland neck. It is easily missed diagnosed or misdiagnosed as it grows laterally along the gastric foveolar cells. Biological behavior, genetics, and etiology of such SRCC, as well as the clinicopathological characteristics, need to be further studied.

This article reviews the research methods and research progress of metal melt structures at home and abroad in recent years. Through liquid XRD, synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction experiments, X-ray fine structure absorption spectroscopy, sensitive physical property testing and other experimental methods, as well as computer simulations, a lot of information about the structure of metal melts has been obtained. These studies are liquid-solid The structural transformation, the improvement of alloy structure and performance, and the preparation of amorphous provide theoretical guidance.

The project ahead wellpath trajectory models are built on assumptions of static earth model and wellpath error models which may not be valid all the time. But the data will provide additional support to suppress the assumption and improve the models. So, an optimized project ahead model that combines geometry, bottomhole assembly (BHA) dynamics and dynamic earth model is needed for a practical project ahead prediction. This paper presents a coupled model with embedded uncertainty not only for projecting ahead the path but also steering to achieve the path. This paper presents the results that can be used under uncertainty through planning, through realtime project ahead, most importantly by integrating all the above four models. Planning and executions are two primary approaches to intelligent decision making at the edge when the well is constructed. Execution enables us to take immediate actions far into the future, but it requires accurate well trajectory models, and the current and past realtime data. When it comes to the edge decision whether it is manual or semi-automated or fully automated it requires tighter coupling of engineering models through microservices and reinforced learning from the data and feedback from the driller. Four major types of models are considered in this paper to arrive at the dynamic path as the well is drilled. 1. Soft landing path based on dogleg as constraint 2. Minimum well profile energy that can be achieved 3. Mechanical drillahead model based on the steering tool 4. Productivity coupled earth model for various input parameters from earth model to operational parameters during drilling.

Construction disputes have long been identified as epidemics in the construction industry worldwide, which has become a more serious problem due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Previous studies on the dispute causes have primarily focused on country- or region-specific contexts and hence the results cannot be generalized in solving this chronic problem in a broader construction project worldwide. This study aims to explore and evaluate the critical dispute causes in construction projects through a comparative study between China and the United Kingdom. A total of 33 common dispute causes were identified through a comprehensive literature review and further consolidated by pilot surveys in the two countries. An online questionnaire survey was administered among construction professionals in China and the United Kingdom, with 170 valid responses returned for data analysis. Principal component factor analysis, mean score ranking approach, quartile analysis, and Mann-Whitney U testing were employed to identify the most critical dispute causes. Similarities and differences were mapped between the two countries. It was found that the five most critical categories of dispute causes in the two territories are: delay-related problems, lack of communication, contractual problems, site conditions, and design problems. The importance of variation in quantities, breach of contract, misinterpretation of contractual terms and conditions, and poor contract management was perceived significantly differently by the respondents in China and the United Kingdom, whereas design defects and failure to make compensation for additional work were the most critical common dispute causes in both countries. The research provides important findings for both academics and practitioners to holistically understand the similarities and differences of dispute causes in China and the United Kingdom and aids in preventing disputes more effectively in the global construction industry.

Solid waste generation has been significantly accelerated by the rapid growth of economy and population worldwide. The traditional waste management focusing on waste utilization and disposal is unable to unravel the continuous depletion of finite natural resources. "Zero waste" as an integrated waste management method to promote waste reduction through a pack of strategies such as cleaner production and green consumption has emerged. Here, we systematically reviewed the researches on zero waste from a scientometric perspective, and visually unveiled the most productive countries, evolution process, main authors, major research areas, and documents of zero waste research domain. The results show that with increased publications, zero waste has become a multidisciplinary study area and food waste reduction is the biggest sub-network in zero waste research. The current research frontiers are mainly regarding "lean production," "consumer behavior," "productivity." Accordingly, this study proposed a pathway for realizing zero waste cities with three lanes: (1) research and development, (2) management method, and (3) policy and implementation. The findings are also expected to be beneficial to latecomer researches in the waste management field.

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a non-invasive and promising method for continuously monitoring hemodynamic and metabolic changes in tissues. However, the existing fNIRS equipment uses optical fiber, which is bulky, expensive, and time-consuming. We present a miniaturized, modular, novel silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) detector and develop a fNIRS instrument aimed at investigating the cerebral hemodynamic response for patients with epilepsy. Light emitting probe is a circle with a diameter of 5 mm. Independent and modular light source and detector are more flexible in placement. The system can be expanded to high-density measurement with 16 light sources, 16 detectors, and 52 channels. The sampling rate of each channel is 25 Hz. Instrument performance was evaluated using brain tissue phantom and in vivo experiments. High signal-to-noise ratio (60 dB) in source detector separation (SDS) of 30 mm, good stability (0.1%), noise equivalent power (0.89 pW), and system drift (0.56%) were achieved in the phantom experiment. Forearm blood-flow occlusion experiments were performed on the forearm of three healthy volunteers to demonstrate the ability to track rapid hemodynamic changes. Breath holding experiments on the forehead of healthy volunteers demonstrated the system can well detect brain function activity. The computer software was developed to display the original light signal intensity and the concentration changes of oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO

The stabilization of emulsion depends on the combination adsorption of surfactant-modified nanoparticles and surfactants on the oil-water interface.

Background: Congenital cataract is a leading cause of treatable childhood blindness and both clinically and genetically heterogeneous. Among the already characterized phenotypes, coralliform cataract is a rare special form of congenital cataracts. Although previous studies had shown that mutations in the γD-crystallin (CRYGD) gene can result in congenital coralliform cataracts, no conclusive genotype-phenotype correlation might be drawn. Here we aimed to identify the spectrum and frequency of CRYGD gene mutations in congenital coralliform cataracts of Chinese origin. Methods: The medical records of 392 Chinese families with congenital cataracts were reviewed between January 2011 and December 2021. The families, clinically documented to have congenital coralliform cataracts, were screened for mutations in candidate CRYGD gene. The genomic DNA of all subjects was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes. PCR amplified and direct sequencing were performed to identify the disease-causing mutation. Results: A total of 12 families with coralliform cataracts were recruited in this study in the past 10 years, accounting for 3.1% of the families with congenital cataracts. Of the 12 families, all affected individuals presented with bilateral non-progressive coralliform cataracts since birth. A recurrent c.70 C>A (p. P24T) mutation in CRYGD was identified in 10 families (83.3%) with congenital cataract, which co-segregated with all affected individuals and was not observed in unaffected family members or ethnically matched normal controls. Conclusions: The coralliform cataract is characterized by being bilateral, non-progressive and present at birth. A recurrent P24T CRYGD mutation occurs independently in 83.3% of the Chinese families with congenital coralliform cataracts and most likely represents a mutational hot spot, which underscore the relations between coralliform cataract and P24T CRYGD.

Background The present study sought to observe the effect of retaining intact posterior capsule in congenital cataract surgery in children aged 4–8 years. Methods This is a retrospective case control study. Seventy-seven children (130 eyes) aged from 4 to 8 years who underwent cataract surgery were divided into two groups. In Group A, 50 eyes underwent phacoemulsification, intraocular lens implantation and posterior capsule capsulotomy combined with anterior vitrectomy. In Group B, 80 eyes underwent cataract phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation. The postoperative visual acuity and the rate of complications were compared. Results In all patients, cataract surgeries were performed evenly without intraoperative complications. The follow-up time ranged from 6 months to 42 months. No apparent visual axis opacity was detected in group A during the follow-up. By the last visit, apparent visual axis opacity was detected in 31 eyes (38.75%) in group B. Among them, 9 eyes (29.03%) with mild posterior capsule opacification (PCO) were treated with Nd:YAG laser, 3 eyes (9.68%) with thick proliferative membranes were treated with posterior capsule capsulotomy combined with anterior vitrectomy and proliferative membranes in 19 eyes (61.29%) were completely aspired and the posterior capsule was retained. During follow-up, only 2 (6.45%) eyes had PCO recurrence and were treated with Nd:YAG laser. The visual acuity was significantly higher than that before surgery in all patients. Conclusions For older children, the incidence of PCO will be low even if intact posterior capsule is retained. Either Nd:YAG laser or surgical treatment for PCO will be able to maintain good vision.

AlphaFold2 revolutionized structural biology with the ability to predict protein structures with exceptionally high accuracy. Its implementation, however, lacks the code and data required to train new models. These are necessary to (i) tackle new tasks, like protein-ligand complex structure prediction, (ii) investigate the process by which the model learns, which remains poorly understood, and (iii) assess the model’s generalization capacity to unseen regions of fold space. Here we report OpenFold, a fast, memory-efficient, and trainable implementation of AlphaFold2, and OpenProtein-Set, the largest public database of protein multiple sequence alignments. We use OpenProteinSet to train OpenFold from scratch, fully matching the accuracy of AlphaFold2. Having established parity, we assess OpenFold’s capacity to generalize across fold space by retraining it using carefully designed datasets. We find that OpenFold is remarkably robust at generalizing despite extreme reductions in training set size and diversity, including near-complete elisions of classes of secondary structure elements. By analyzing intermediate structures produced by OpenFold during training, we also gain surprising insights into the manner in which the model learns to fold proteins, discovering that spatial dimensions are learned sequentially. Taken together, our studies demonstrate the power and utility of OpenFold, which we believe will prove to be a crucial new resource for the protein modeling community.

Moving bed heat exchangers have been the economic alternatives for the granular flow in industries. To predict the heat transfer coefficients, a better understanding is required of the contact resistance (1/hws) and the penetration resistance (1/hso). In this work, the heat transfer coefficients were simulated using the finite volume method to investigate these resistances in both ordered and random packing sphere particles. It was found that, the 1/hws is determined by the effective thermal conductivity in the wall region, of which the thickness is around 3/22 particle diameters. Moreover, the 1/hso is affected by the heat capacity, thermal conductivities and particulate structures. The effect is reflected by two modified equivalent heat absorption coefficients (1/p1 and 1/p3) in granular flows. Generally, p1 is smaller in the ordered structure because the peak local solid fraction is higher, while p3 is smaller in the random structure due to the lower average porosity.

Discrete element method (DEM) is a powerful tool for solid granular, while the related heat transfer model requires more calibrations due to the over-simplified heat transfer path. In the present study, the calibration of overall thermal resistances (Rp) was conducted between a particle and the wall, where heat conduction in the particle interior and gap is more remarkable. It was found that, the existing DEM models should be improved in a wide range of the solid-to-gas ratio of thermal conductivity (ks/kg) and the dimensionless body distance (Sx/dp). The ideal heat transfer path may result in larger deviations as ks/kg > 250 or Sx/dp > 0, which can be only mathematically modified by the empirical factor. The general descriptions for modification are still required. To overcome the limit, an effective thermal conductivity model is proposed with certain formulas, where Rp is divided into two parts in the mixing phase zone and the gas zone.

Emotion reactivity and emotion dysregulation have been implicated in risk for suicidality. However, it remains unclear whether emotion reactivity and emotion dysregulation are predictive factors of suicide ideation, the progression from suicide ideation to suicide attempt, or both. The present study explored the relationship among emotion reactivity, emotion dysregulation, suicide ideation, and suicide attempt within a sample of Chinese undergraduates (n = 1596). According to lifetime suicidality, the current sample was divided into three groups: (a) non-ideators (no lifetime suicide ideation and no lifetime suicide attempts), (b) suicide ideators (with lifetime suicide ideation and no lifetime suicide attempts), and (c) suicide attempters (with lifetime suicide ideation and lifetime suicide attempts). Results of multinomial logistic regression suggested that compared to non-ideators, suicide ideators reported greater problems with emotion reactivity, and greater difficulties in emotion dysregulation, especially for emotion regulation strategies and emotional clarity. Compared to suicide ideators, suicide attempters reported greater difficulties in emotion dysregulation, especially for controlling impulses of negative emotions and emotional awareness. Emotion reactivity and emotion dysregulation are differentially associated with lifetime suicidality, and these findings provide preliminary guidance for suicide prevention and intervention.

The combination of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO) has been demonstrated to be at least equally effective to ATRA and chemotherapy (CHT) in non-high-risk acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). However, the efficacy of ATRA-ATO compared to ATRA-ATO plus CHT in high-risk APL remains unknown. Here we performed a randomized multi-center non-inferiority phase III study to compare the efficacy of ATRA-ATO and ATRA-ATO plus CHT in newly diagnosed all-risk APL to address this question. Patients were assigned to receive ATRA-ATO for induction, consolidation and maintenance or ATRA-ATO plus CHT for induction followed by three cycles of consolidation therapy, and maintenance therapy with ATRA-ATO. In the non-CHT group, hydroxyurea was used to control leukocytosis. A total of 128 patients were treated. The complete remission rate was 97% in both groups. The 2-year disease-free, event-free survival rates in the non-CHT group and CHT group in all-risk patients were 98% v 97%, and 95% v 92%, respectively (P = 0.62 and P = 0.39, respectively). And they were 94% v 87%, and 85% v 78% in the high-risk patients (P = 0.52 and P = 0.44, respectively). This study demonstrated that ATRA-ATO had the same efficacy as the ATRA-ATO plus CHT in the treatment of patients with all-risk APL.

The rapid development of subway projects in China presents significant safety risks to those involved. Building on the previous empirical research that identified and classified the safety risks of these projects, the aim of this paper is to assess the safety risk management performance in Chinese subway construction projects from a multistakeholder perspective. Questionnaire surveys and semistructured interviews were conducted with three hundred and ninety-nine and eight construction professionals, respectively, who worked on subway construction projects in southeast China. The results indicate that the top five areas of safety risk management performance are related to construction plan development, management of high-risk construction works, hazard identification and communication, government-related factors, and client-related factors. In contrast, the bottom five areas of safety risk management performance are related to engineering consultant-related factors, the site's natural environment and weather conditions, regular tests, machine calibration and maintenance, site construction schedule, and construction preparedness. The relationship between this safety risk management performance and the perceived importance of each risk factor is also reported, identifying priority areas for improvements on these projects. These findings contribute new conceptual insights to the paucity of research on the safety risk management performance of Chinese subway construction projects from a multistakeholder perspective. The results also provide new practical insights for policymakers and project managers to help them develop more effective and focused strategies to further improve the safety performance of these major projects.

With the widespread application of PPP in the construction field, the research on this topic has attracted considerable attention globally. A critical literature review, with comparison between the...

Objective: Previous studies have demonstrated that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play vital roles in pathological process of various diseases, including tumors. This study aimed at exploring the role and mechanism of circRNA RNA ZNF609 (circ-ZNF609) in the occurrence and development of glioma. Materials and methods: Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was applied to measure the expression of circ-ZNF609, miRNA-1224-3p (miR-1224-3p) and Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) in glioma tissues and cell lines. Furthermore, the association between circ-ZNF609 and clinical features of glioma was analyzed. CCK8 assay, EdU assay and Transwell assay were conducted to detect the effect of circ-ZNF609, miR-1224-3p and PLK1 on proliferation, migration and invasion in glioma cells. Then, we investigated the underlying mechanism of circ-ZNF609 by bioinformatics analysis, luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), qRT-PCR and western blotting assay. Results: Circ-ZNF609 was confirmed prominently upregulated in glioma. Inhibition of circ-ZNF609 could obviously suppress glioma cell proliferation, migration and invasion, while overexpression of circ-ZNF609 promoted glioma growth and metastasis. In vivo, xenotransplanted tumor model also showed that overexpression of circ-ZNF609 could promote in vivo glioma growth. Mechanistically, circ-ZNF609 could promote PLK1 expression via binding to miR-1224-3p, circ-ZNF609/miR-1224-3p/PLK1 was shown responsible for circ-ZNF609 promoting glioma growth and metastasis. Conclusion: Together, our results revealed that circ-ZNF609 elevates glioma growth and metastasis via enforcing PLK1 expression by competitively binding miR-1224-3p, suggesting that circ-ZNF609 might be an underlying therapeutic target for glioma.

Alkylation catalyzed by concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is an important process for industrial production of excellent high octane gasoline blending components. This process has some vital drawb...

The inertia response and primary frequency regulation capability of synchronous grids are declining owing to the increasing penetration of inverter-based resources. The fast frequency response (FFR) of inverter-based resources is an important mitigation option for maintaining grid security under the conditions of low inertia and insufficient primary frequency response capability. However, the understanding and technical characteristics of the FFR of inverter-based resources are still unclear. Aiming at solving the aforementioned problems, this paper proposes a definition for FFR based on the impact mechanism of FFR on system frequency. The performance requirements of FFR are clarified. Then, the effects of FFR on system frequency characteristics are further analyzed based on steady-state frequency deviation, the initial rate of change of frequency, and the maximum transient frequency deviation. Finally, the system requirements for FFR and its application effects are verified by simulating an actual bulk power grid, providing technical support for subsequent engineering application.

PurposeThe image of the construction industry in China, as in many other countries, is tarnished by its poor safety record. With the rapid development of subway systems in Chinese urban areas, construction workers are being exposed to new risks which are poorly understood and managed. Subway construction projects are large scale and scattered over many construction sites, and involve numerous stakeholders and sophisticated technologies in challenging underground environments. Accident rates are high and have significant economic and social consequences for the firms and people involved. Addressing the gap in research about the safety risk in these projects, the purpose of this paper is to advance understanding of the factors influencing the safety of Chinese subway construction projects with the overall objective of reducing accident rates.Design/methodology/approachA survey was conducted with 399 subway construction professionals across five stakeholder groups. Follow-up interviews were also conducted with five experienced experts in safety management on subway projects to validate the results.FindingsIt was found that the eight most critical factors perceived by stakeholders to influence safety risks on Chinese subway projects are: project management team; contractor-related factors; site underground environment; safety protection during the use of machines; safety management investment; site construction monitoring and measurement; hazard identification and communication; and use of machines in all stages. This indicates that in allocating limited project resources to improve the safety of subway projects, managers should focus on: developing safety knowledge and positive attitudes in leadership teams; formulating effective risk management systems to identify, assess, mitigate, measure and monitor safety risks on site; improving communications with stakeholders about these risks and effectively managing plant, equipment and machinery.Originality/valueThis research contributes a new multi-stakeholder perspective to the lack of safety research in Chinese subway construction projects. The research findings provide important new insights for policymakers and managers in improving safety outcomes on these major projects, producing potentially significant social and economic benefits for society and the construction industry.

USB1, an exoribonuclease catalyzing U6 production for spliceosome assembly, negatively regulates, cooperatively with SOAR1, ABA signaling in early seedling development, probably by affecting spliceosome assembly., Signaling by the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) involves pre-mRNA splicing, a key process of post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. However, the regulatory mechanism of alternative pre-mRNA splicing in ABA signaling remains largely unknown. We previously identified a pentatricopeptide repeat protein SOAR1 (suppressor of the ABAR-overexpressor 1) as a crucial player downstream of ABAR (putative ABA receptor) in ABA signaling. In this study, we identified a SOAR1 interaction partner USB1, which is an exoribonuclease catalyzing U6 production for spliceosome assembly. We reveal that together USB1 and SOAR1 negatively regulate ABA signaling in early seedling development. USB1 and SOAR1 are both required for the splicing of transcripts of numerous genes, including those involved in ABA signaling pathways, suggesting that USB1 and SOAR1 collaborate to regulate ABA signaling by affecting spliceosome assembly. These findings provide important new insights into the mechanistic control of alternative pre-mRNA splicing in the regulation of ABA-mediated plant responses to environmental cues.

A simplified finite volume method (SFVM) was developed for effective thermal conductivity in discrete particles. The solid granular was simplified as equivalent porous medium in control volumes, and local effective thermal conductivities were calculated to establish thermal resistance network. Finally, the overall effective thermal conductivity was obtained by the Kirchhoff's law. In SFVM, the heavy mesh work can be avoided, and particles are easily divided by regular grids, of which mesh size should go down to 1/11 of particle diameter. The local thermal resistance can be built based on the existing equivalent models, which are determined by the solid-to-gas ratio of thermal conductivity (ks/kg). As ks/kg

Human milk fat substitutes (HMFSs) are the structured lipids intended for infant formula. It provides energy and essential fatty acid for infant. HMFSs are mainly prepared by enzymatic method. In this study, we aim to explore the potential for producing HMFSs by fermentation using R. opacus. The results indicated that different compounds with chain length from 12 to 18, used as carbon source, could be incorporated into triacylglycerols directly. Polyunsaturated fatty acids in term of ARA, EPA, DHA could enter the kennedy pathway directly and involved in the biosynthesis of triacylglycerols. GC, UPLC-MS and 13C-NMR analysis demonstrated that typical structured lipids β-OPL (40.09%) was synthesized in R. opacus. Transcriptome analysis revealed that β-oxidation, fatty acid elongation and kennedy pathways existed in R. opacus. It was concluded that fatty acid supplied as carbon source could enter the kennedy pathways directly or via the de novo fatty acid biosynthesis pathway depending on the chain length, thus, affect the triacylglycerol species formed in the Rhodococcus opacus.

Human milk fat substitute (HMFS) is a class of structured lipids widely used in infant formulas. Herein, HMFS was prepared by Rhodococcus opacus fermentation. The substrate oils suitable for HMFS production were coconut oil (66.1-57.5%), soybean oil (17.5-26.5%), high oleic acid sunflower oil (5.4-4.5%), Antarctic krill oil (9-9.5%), and fungal oil (2%). Six HMFSs were prepared, among which HMFS V and VI were similar to human milk fat from Chinese in terms of fatty acid composition and triacylglycerol species. The sn-2 position of HMFS was occupied by palmitic acid (49.31 and 43.48% in HMFS V and VI, respectively). The major triacylglycerols were OPL, OPO, and LPL, accounting for 15.90, 9.49, and 6.84 and 17.52, 8.44, and 8.55% in HMFS V and VI, respectively. This study is the first to prepare structured lipids intended for infant formula through fermentation, providing a novel strategy for the edible oil industry.

Allogeneic amnion tissues have been widely used in tissue repair and regeneration, especially a remarkable trend of clinical uses in chronic wound repair. The virus inactivation procedures are necessary and required to be verified for the clinical use and approval of biological products. Cobalt-60 (Co-60) or electron-beam (e-beam) is the common procedure for virus and bacterial reduction, but the excessive dose of irradiation was reported to be harmful to biological products. Herein, we present a riboflavin (RB)-ultraviolet light (UV) method for virus inactivation of amnion and chorion tissues. We used the standard in vitro limiting dilution assay to test the viral reduction capacity of the RB-UV method on amnion or chorion tissues loaded with four types of model viruses. We found RB-UV was a very effective procedure for inactivating viruses of amnion and chorion tissues, which could be used as a complementary method to Co-60 irradiation. In addition, we also screened the washing solutions and drying methods for the retention of growth factors.

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A compact high-sensitivity probe for sensing up tangential E-field is proposed and measured in this paper. The probe is consisted of an electric dipole with patches used to induce the tangential E-field, a resonator made up of open circuit stubs (capacitor) and short circuit stubs (inductor), for achieving a specific resonance, and a compact coupled balun for transforming the differential- mode voltage into the single output voltage and impedance matching. The probe is fabricated on five-layer dielectric lamina. Compared with the referenced broadband probe, the measured |S12|of the probe is enhanced by 18.81 dB. The proposed probe in this paper is validated with simulation and measurement.

There is a growing market for crowd-shipping (CS), which hires people to transport parcels on their regular commutes. This paper considers a hybrid CS operation that hires crowd-shippers and regular drivers (RDs) in a physical internet environment. A city crowd logistics (CCL) network is designed to serve business-to-consumer logistics demand through solving a mixed-integer linear program of a parcel locker location assignment problem. The problem minimizes the total cost by optimizing the placement of parcel lockers and the movements of parcels. As an input to the program, the spatial distribution of potential crowd-shippers is analyzed by leveraging a behavior model and data that combines household travel survey data from the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), Canada, and Canadian census data. Parcel demand is simulated based on the proportions of retail employment and the population of the corresponding planning district in the GTA. The numerical results reveal that optimal parcel locker locations are more likely to be placed in Toronto while less likely to be installed in Durham and Halton regions. Concerning the service levels of the proposed network, it is found that a CCL network can provide more stable and cost-effective services when the parcel demand level is higher. The hiring of RDs is necessary to service some regions with low crowd-shipper supply. Insights from this study can help logistics companies to develop an effective business strategy for a hybrid CS operation system.

Accurate target detection technology on ships can improve the comprehensive perception ability of weapon equipment. For SAR ship target detection in complex environments, false and missing alarms are serious. We design a new real-time ship target detection algorithm 3S-YOLO in SAR images. Firstly, reconstruct the network structure, adjust the relationship between receptive field and multiscale fusion, and realize the lightweight processing of feature extraction network and feature fusion network. Then, the network is pruned and compressed by the FPGM pruning algorithm to accelerate the reasoning speed. Finally, the Varifocal-EIoU loss function is designed to balance the positive and negative samples and overlapping losses and highlight the contribution of positive samples. To verify the effectiveness of the 3S-YOLO algorithm, verification is carried out in public datasets SSDD and HRSID. The results show that the accuracy of the model can be improved to 99.2% and 95.6%, respectively, after optimization. After pruning, the model volume decreased significantly and could be compressed to 190 KB. Model reasoning time can be reduced to less than 3 ms. Compared with the current mainstream algorithms, 3S-YOLO has achieved good results in all aspects to meet the real-time ship target detection in SAR images.