Author: "Shakir, R" / Database: OpenAIRE - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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23 results on '"Shakir, R"'

1. Individualised Estimation of Quality-adjusted Survival Benefit and Cost-effectiveness of Proton Beam Therapy in Intermediate-stage Hodgkin Lymphoma

Author: Jones, DA, Candio, P, Shakir, R, Ramroth, J, Wolstenholme, J, Gray, AM, Cutter, DJ, and Ntentas, G
Subjects: Oncology, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging
Abstract: Purpose: Radiotherapy (RT) for Hodgkin lymphoma leads to the incidental irradiation of organs-at-risk (OAR) which may confer excess risks of late effects. Comparative dosimetry studies show that proton beam therapy (PBT) may reduce OAR irradiation compared to photon-RT, but PBT is more expensive and treatment capacity is limited. This study’s purpose is to inform the appropriateness of PBT for intermediate-stage Hodgkin lymphoma (ISHL). Methods: A microsimulation model simulating the course of ISHL, background mortality, and incidence and mortality of other diseases was used to estimate comparative QALYs lived and healthcare costs after consolidative PBT or photon-RT, both in deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH). Outcomes were compared for 606 illustrative patients covering a spectrum of clinical presentations, varying by two age strata (20y and 40y), both sexes, three smoking statuses (never, former, and current), and 61 pairs of OAR radiation doses from a comparative planning study. Both undiscounted and discounted outcomes at 3.5% yearly discount were estimated. The maximum excess cost of PBT that might be considered cost-effective by the UK’s National Institute for Health and Care Excellence was calculated. Findings: OAR doses, smoking status and discount rate had large impacts on QALYs gained with PBT. Current smokers benefited the most, averaging 0.605 undiscounted QALYs (range -0.341 to 2.171) and 0.146 discounted QALYs (range -0.067 to 0.686) whereas never smokers benefited the least, averaging 0.074 undiscounted QALYs (range -0.196 to 0.491) and 0.017 discounted QALYs (range -0.030 to 0.086). For the gain in discounted QALYs to be considered cost-effective, PBT would have to cost at most £4812 more than photon-RT for current smokers and £645 more for never smokers. This is below preliminary NHS cost estimates of PBT over photon-RT. Conclusion: In a UK setting PBT for ISHL may not be considered cost-effective. However, the degree of unquantifiable uncertainty is substantial.
Published: 2023

2. Informing radiotherapy decisions in stage I/IIa Hodgkin lymphoma: modeling life expectancy using radiation dosimetry

Author: Jones, DA, Candio, P, Shakir, R, Ntentas, G, Ramroth, J, Gray, AM, and Cutter, DJ
Subjects: Adult, Male, Young Adult, Life Expectancy, Humans, Hematology, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Radiometry, Combined Modality Therapy, Hodgkin Disease
Abstract: In recent randomized trials, omitting consolidative radiotherapy (RT) in early-stage Hodgkin lymphoma (ESHL) increased relapses. However, decades of follow-up are required to observe whether lower initial disease control is compensated by reduced risk of late effects. Extrapolation beyond trial follow-up is therefore necessary to inform current treatment decisions. To this end, we developed a microsimulation model to estimate lifetime quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) after combined modality treatment (CMT) or chemotherapy-alone for stage I/IIa ESHL. For CMT, the model included risks of breast and lung cancer, coronary heart disease, and ischemic stroke. Comparative outcomes were assessed for a clinically relevant range of example patients differing by age, sex, smoking status, and representative organs at risk (OAR) radiation doses informed by the RAPID trial. Analysis was performed with and without a 3.5% discount rate on future health. Smoking status had a large effect on optimal treatment choice. CMT was superior for nearly all never smoker example patients regardless of age, sex, and OAR doses. At a maximum, CMT produced a 1.095 (95% CI: 1.054-1.137) gain in undiscounted QALYs for a 20-year-old male never smoker with unilateral neck disease. In contrast, current smokers could substantially gain from chemotherapy-alone treatment. Again at a maximum, a 20-year-old male current smoker with bilateral neck and whole mediastinum involvement gained 3.500 (95% CI: 3.400 to 3.600) undiscounted QALYs with chemotherapy-alone treatment. Overall, CMT was more favorable the younger the patient, when future health discounting was included, and in never smokers.
Published: 2022

3. مێژووى ڕامیارى و شارستانى مصرى کۆن لەسەردەمى بنەماڵەى سێیەمى فیرعەونى 2780 – 2680 پ . ز

Author: shakir R. Ahmed
Subjects: Sociology, Theology
Abstract: حوکم و دەسەڵاتى بنەماڵەى سێیەمى فیرعەونى لە مصرى کۆندا 2780-2680 پ.ز بە دەستپێکى حوکمڕانى دەوڵەتى کۆن دادەنرێت لەم وڵاتەدا، یەک سەدە ماوەى حوکمڕانى ئەم بنەماڵەیە بە ماوەیەکى گرنگ و چارەنوسساز هەژمار دەکرێت لە مێژووى مصرى کۆندا لە هەردوو لایەنى شارستانى و ڕامیارى، چونکە لەو ماوەیەدا سەردەمێکى نوێ و جیاوازى حوکمڕانى هاتە کایەوە، کە کۆمەڵێک نوێکارى و پێشکەوتنى بەخۆوە بینی، دواتر ئەم نوێکارى و پێشکەوتنە وەک بنەما و ڕێچکەیەک لەلایەن بنەماڵەکانى دواترەوە درێژەى پێدرا، لەمانەش دروست کردنى هەڕەمەکان و شێوازى حوکمکردن و نووسین و پشت بەستن بە ساڵنامە. لەسەر دەستى پاشاکانى ئەم بنەماڵەیە کۆتایی بە پەرتەوازەیی و لاوازى مصر هێنرا کە لەسەردەمى بنەماڵەى یەکەم و دووەم بنیاتنرابوو، توانیان مصرێکى بەهێز بنیات بنێن و ناسەقامگیری ڕامیاری وڵات کۆنتڕۆڵ بکەن، وە بیرۆکەى دروستکردنى هەڕەم لەلایەن پاشاکانى ئەم بنەماڵەیە سەریهەڵدا و لەلایەن ئەندازیارى بەناوبانگ (امحتب) خرایە بوارى جێبەجێ کردن قۆناغ بە قۆناغ تا لەسەردەمى بنەماڵەى چوارەم گەیشتە لوتکە، کە وەک شاکارێکى شارستانى مێژوویی تا ئێستاش سەیر دەکرێت.
Published: 2021

4. Association of Radiation and Procarbazine Dose With Risk of Colorectal Cancer Among Survivors of Hodgkin Lymphoma

Author: Geurts, Y.M., Shakir, R., Ntentas, G., Roberti, S., Aznar, M.C., John, K.M., Ramroth, J., Janus, C.P., Krol, A.D., Roesink, J.M., Maazen, R.W.M. van der, Zijlstra, J.M., Darby, S.C., Aleman, B.M.P., Leeuwen, F.E. van, Cutter, D.J., Schaapveld, M., Radiotherapy, Hematology, AII - Infectious diseases, CCA - Cancer Treatment and quality of life, and CCA - Imaging and biomarkers
Subjects: Cancer Research, All institutes and research themes of the Radboud University Medical Center, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Oncology, Rare cancers Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 9]
Abstract: ImportanceHodgkin lymphoma (HL) survivors have higher rates of colorectal cancer, which may be associated with subdiaphragmatic radiation therapy and/or alkylating chemotherapy. Although radiation dose-response associations with breast, lung, stomach, pancreatic, and esophageal cancer after HL have been demonstrated, the association of radiation therapy with colorectal cancer remains unclear.ObjectiveTo quantify the rate of colorectal cancer according to radiation dose to the large bowel and procarbazine dose among HL survivors.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA nested case-control study examined 5-year HL survivors at 5 hospital centers in the Netherlands. Participants had been diagnosed with HL in 1964 to 2000, when they were 15 to 50 years of age, and were followed for a median of approximately 26 years. Survivors of HL who developed colorectal cancer and survivors who were selected as controls were individually matched on sex, age at HL diagnosis, and date of HL diagnosis. Data were analyzed from July 2021 to October 2022.ExposuresMean radiation doses to the large bowel were estimated by reconstructing individual radiation therapy treatments on representative computed tomography data sets.Main Outcomes and MeasuresExcess rate ratios (ERRs) were modeled to evaluate the excess risk associated with each 1-gray increase in radiation dose, and potential effect modification by procarbazine was explored.ResultsThe study population included 316 participants (mean [SD] age at HL diagnosis, 33.0 [9.8] years; 221 [69.9%] men), 78 of whom were HL survivors who developed colorectal cancer (cases) and 238 who did not (controls). The median (IQR) interval between HL and colorectal cancer was 25.7 (18.2-31.6) years. Increased colorectal cancer rates were seen for patients who received subdiaphragmatic radiation therapy (rate ratio [RR], 2.4; 95% CI, 1.4-4.1) and those who received more than 8.4 g/m2 procarbazine (RR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.3-5.0). Overall, colorectal cancer rate increased linearly with mean radiation dose to the whole large bowel and dose to the affected bowel segment. The association between radiation dose and colorectal cancer rate became stronger with increasing procarbazine dose: the ERR per gray to the whole bowel was 3.5% (95% CI, 0.4%-12.6%) for patients who did not receive procarbazine, and increased 1.2-fold (95% CI, 1.1-1.3) for each 1-g/m2 increase in procarbazine dose.Conclusions and RelevanceThis nested case-control study of 5-year HL survivors found a dose-response association between radiation therapy and colorectal cancer risk, and modification of this association by procarbazine. These findings may enable individualized colorectal cancer risk estimations, identification of high-risk survivors for subsequent screening, and optimization of treatment strategies.
Published: 2023

5. Individualising the use of radiotherapy for the treatment of people with Hodgkin lymphoma

Author: Shakir, R, Shaw, S, Mikhaeel, G, Cutter, D, Peters, M, Ntentas, G, and Ramroth, J
Subjects: Radiotherapy, Oncology, Medicine, Hematology, Decision making
Abstract: Hodgkin lymphoma is a cancer of the lymphatic system that typically affects young adults. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are both highly effective treatments, and 80-90% of patients now become long-term survivors, living long enough to experience late toxicities. Radiotherapy in particular has been shown to increase the long-term risk of cardiovascular disease and second malignancies, and recent trials have attempted to identify patients in whom radiotherapy can be omitted. Omission of radiotherapy has, however, been shown to substantially increase the chance of Hodgkin lymphoma recurrence. The decision about whether or not to use radiotherapy for an individual patient therefore involves weighing up the proven benefit against the potential risks of late toxicity. The aim of this thesis is to understand the decision-making process about radiotherapy, and provide data that can be used to inform patients and clinicians at various steps. I explore patients’ and clinicians’ experience of radiotherapy decision-making, and propose a new decision-making model that fits this context. I present a comprehensive summary of the late toxicities of radiotherapy, including the dose-response relationships that can be used to estimate risks from modern radiotherapy. I report the radiation dose received by abdominopelvic organs in a historic cohort of Hodgkin lymphoma survivors, and show how the data has been used to estimate the dose-response relationship for the risk of colorectal cancer. Finally, I present a multivariable linear regression model that estimates the dose a patient’s heart would receive from radiotherapy using measures available at the time of their diagnosis. I use the model to estimate individual patient’s risk of ischaemic heart disease, and show its accuracy is greatest in the medium heart dose range, where the balance of the benefits and risks of radiotherapy are most uncertain. Overall, this thesis helps inform individualised decision-making about radiotherapy by highlighting how clinicians can support patient involvement in decisions and providing methods to help individualise risk estimates of radiotherapy late toxicity.
Published: 2022
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6. Islamic ancient Termez: An active and long-established ceramic manufacturing centre along the silk road

Author: Agnese Fusaro, Josep Maria Gurt Esparraguera, Enrique Ariño Gil, Paula Uribe Agudo, Jorge Angás Pajas, and Shakir R. Pidaev
Subjects: Archeology
Published: 2022

7. Zooarchaeology of ancient Termez (Uzbekistan): From the Greco-Bactrian period to Islamic times

Author: Rodrigo Portero, Enrique Ariño, Mikelo Elorza, Josep M. Gurt, Verónica Martínez Ferreras, and Shakir R. Pidaev
Subjects: Archeology
Published: 2022

8. The Islamic Ancient Termez Through the Lens of Ceramics: A New Archaeological and Archaeometric Study

Author: Verónica Martínez Ferreras, Josep Maria Gurt i Esparraguera, Enrique Ariño Gil, Andreas Angourakis, Shakir R. Pidaev, and Agnese Fusaro
Subjects: Cultural Studies, Geography, 060102 archaeology, Range (biology), General Arts and Humanities, Anthropology, 05 social sciences, 0507 social and economic geography, 0601 history and archaeology, Islam, 06 humanities and the arts, 050701 cultural studies, Archaeology
Abstract: This paper presents an archaeological and archaeometric study of a range of Islamic ceramics (9th-17th centuries) from Termez (south Uzbekistan), a city which has been proven to be both a productio...
Published: 2019

9. Assessing Hellenistic to nomadic cultural patterns through pottery in ancient Termez, Uzbekistan

Author: Maite Garcia-Valles, Verónica Martínez Ferreras, Anno Hein, Josep Maria Gurt i Esparraguera, Meritxell Aulinas Juncà, Andreas Angourakis, Ana Sánchez del Corral, Enrique Ariño Gil, and Shakir R. Pidaev
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Archeology, 060102 archaeology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), 0601 history and archaeology, 06 humanities and the arts, Pottery, Ancient history, 01 natural sciences, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Published: 2018

10. Carga global, regional y nacional de neurológicas. Desórdenes, 1990-2016: un análisis sistemático para el Global Estudio de la carga de enfermedad 2016

Author: Feigin V, Nichols E, Alam T, Bannick M, Beghi E, Blake N, Culpepper W, Dorsey E, Elbaz A, Ellenbogen R, Fisher J, Fitzmaurice C, Giussani G, Glennie L, James S, Johnson C, Kassebaum N, Logroscino G, Marin B, Mountjoy-Venning W, Nguyen M, Ofori-Asenso R, Patel A, Piccininni M, Roth G, Steiner T, Stovner L, Szoeke C, Theadom A, Vollset S, Wallin M, Wright C, Zunt J, Abbasi N, Abd-Allah F, Abdelalim A, Abdollahpour I, Aboyans V, Abraha H, Acharya D, Adamu A, Adebayo O, Adeoye A, Adsuar J, Afarideh M, Agrawal S, Ahmadi A, Ahmed M, Aichour A, Aichour I, Aichour M, Akinyemi R, Akseer N, Al-Eyadhy A, Salman R, Alahdab F, Alene K, Aljunid S, Altirkawi K, Alvis-Guzman N, Anber N, Antonio C, Arabloo J, Aremu O, Arnlov J, Asayesh H, Asghar R, Atalay H, Awasthi A, Quintanilla B, Ayuk T, Badawi A, Banach M, Banoub J, Barboza M, Barker-Collo S, Barnighausen T, Baune B, Bedi N, Behzadifar M, Bejot Y, Bekele B, Belachew A, Bennett D, Bensenor I, Berhane A, Beuran M, Bhattacharyya K, Bhutta Z, Biadgo B, Bijani A, Bililign N, Bin Sayeed M, Blazes C, Brayne C, Butt Z, Campos-Nonato I, Cantu-Brito C, Car M, Cardenas R, Carrero J, Carvalho F, Castaneda-Orjuela C, Castro F, Catala-Lopez F, Cerin E, Chaiah Y, Chang J, Chatziralli I, Chiang P, Christensen H, Christopher D, Cooper C, Cortesi P, Costa V, Criqui M, Crowe C, Damasceno A, Daryani A, De la Cruz-Gongora V, De la Hoz F, De Leo D, Degefa M, Demoz G, Deribe K, Dharmaratne S, Diaz D, Dinberu M, Djalalinia S, Doku D, Dubey M, Dubljanin E, Duken E, Edvardsson D, El-Khatib Z, Endres M, Endries A, Eskandarieh S, Esteghamati A, Esteghamati S, Farhadi F, Faro A, Farzadfar F, Farzaei M, Fatima B, Fereshtehnejad S, Fernandes E, Feyissa G, Filip I, Fischer F, Fukumoto T, Ganji M, Gankpe F, Garcia-Gordillo M, Gebre A, Gebremichael T, Gelaw B, Geleijnse J, Geremew D, Gezae K, Ghasemi-Kasman M, Gidey M, Gill P, Gill T, Gnedovskaya E, Goulart A, Grada A, Grosso G, Guo Y, Gupta R, Haagsma J, Hagos T, Haj-Mirzaian A, Hamadeh R, Hamidi S, Hankey G, Hao Y, Haro J, Hassankhani H, Hassen H, Havmoeller R, Hay S, Hegazy M, Heidari B, Henok A, Heydarpour F, Hoang C, Hole M, Rad E, Hosseini S, Hu G, Igumbor E, Ilesanmi O, Irvani S, Islam S, Jakovljevic M, Javanbakht M, Jha R, Jobanputra Y, Jonas J, Jozwiak J, Jurisson M, Kahsay A, Kalani R, Kalkonde Y, Kamil T, Kanchan T, Karami M, Karch A, Karimi N, Kasaeian A, Kassa T, Kassa Z, Kaul A, Kefale A, Keiyoro P, Khader Y, Khafaie M, Khalil I, Khan E, Khang Y, Khazaie H, Kiadaliri A, Kiirithio D, Kim A, Kim D, Kim Y, Kisa A, Kokubo Y, Koyanagi A, Krishnamurthi R, Defo B, Bicer B, Kumar M, Lacey B, Lafranconi A, Lansingh V, Latifi A, Leshargie C, Li S, Liao Y, Linn S, Lo W, Lopez J, Lorkowski S, Lotufo P, Lucas R, Lunevicius R, Mackay M, Mahotra N, Majdan M, Majdzadeh R, Majeed A, Malekzadeh R, Malta D, Manafi N, Mansournia M, Mantovani L, Marz W, Mashamba-Thompson T, Massenburg B, Mate K, McAlinden C, McGrath J, Mehta V, Meier T, Meles H, Melese A, Memiah P, Memish Z, Mendoza W, Mengistu D, Mengistu G, Meretoja A, Meretoja T, Mestrovic T, Miazgowski B, Miazgowski T, Miller T, Mini G, Mirrakhimov E, Moazen B, Mohajer B, Mezerji N, Mohammadi M, Mohammadi-Khanaposhtani M, Mohammadibakhsh R, Mohammadnia-Afrouzi M, Mohammed S, Mohebi F, Mokdad A, Monasta L, Mondello S, Moodley Y, Moosazadeh M, Moradi G, Moradi-Lakeh M, Moradinazar M, Moraga P, Velasquez I, Morrison S, Mousavi S, Muhammed O, Muruet W, Musa K, Mustafa G, Naderi M, Nagel G, Naheed A, Naik G, Najafi F, Nangia V, Negoi I, Negoi R, Newton C, Ngunjiri J, Nguyen C, Nguyen L, Ningrum D, Nirayo Y, Nixon M, Norrving B, Noubiap J, Shiadeh M, Nyasulu P, Ogbo F, Oh I, Olagunju A, Olagunju T, Olivares P, Onwujekwe O, Oren E, Owolabi M, Mahesh P, Pakpour A, Pan W, Panda-Jonas S, Pandian J, Patel S, Pereira D, Petzold M, Pillay J, Piradov M, Polanczyk G, Polinder S, Postma M, Poulton R, Poustchi H, Prakash S, Prakash V, Qorbani M, Radfar A, Rafay A, Rafiei A, Rahim F, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Rahman M, Rajati F, Ram U, Ranta A, Rawaf D, Rawaf S, Reinig N, Reis C, Renzaho A, Resnikoff S, Rezaeian S, Rezai M, Gonzalez C, Roberts N, Roever L, Ronfani L, Roro E, Roshandel G, Rostami A, Sabbagh P, Sacco R, Sachdev P, Saddik B, Safari H, Safari-Faramani R, Safi S, Safiri S, Sagar R, Sahathevan R, Sahebkar A, Sahraian M, Salamati P, Zahabi S, Salimi Y, Samy A, Sanabria J, Santos I, Milicevic M, Sarrafzadegan N, Sartorius B, Sarvi S, Sathian B, Satpathy M, Sawant A, Sawhney M, Schneider I, Schottker B, Schwebel D, Seedat S, Sepanlou S, Shabaninejad H, Shafieesabet A, Shaikh M, Shakir R, Shams-Beyranvand M, Shamsizadeh M, Sharif M, Sharif-Alhoseini M, She J, Sheikh A, Sheth K, Shigematsu M, Shiri R, Shirkoohi R, Shiue I, Siabani S, Siddiqi T, Sigfusdottir I, Sigurvinsdottir R, Silberberg D, Silva J, Silveira D, Singh J, Sinha D, Skiadaresi E, Smith M, Sobaih B, Sobhani S, Soofi M, Soyiri I, Sposato L, Stein D, Stein M, Stokes M, Sufiyan M, Sykes B, Sylaja P, Tabares-Seisdedos R, Ao B, Tehrani-Banihashemi A, Temsah M, Temsah O, Thakur J, Thrift A, Topor-Madry R, Tortajada-Girbes M, Tovani-Palone M, Tran B, Tran K, Truelsen T, Tsadik A, Car L, Ukwaja K, Ullah I, Usman M, Uthman O, Valdez P, Vasankari T, Vasanthan R, Veisani Y, Venketasubramanian N, Violante F, Vlassov V, Vosoughi K, Vu G, Vujcic I, Wagnew F, Waheed Y, Wang Y, Weiderpass E, Weiss J, Whiteford H, Wijeratne T, Winkler A, Wiysonge C, Wolfe C, Xu G, Yadollahpour A, Yamada T, Yano Y, Yaseri M, Yatsuya H, Yimer E, Yip P, Yisma E, Yonemoto N, Yousefifard M, Yu C, Zaidi Z, Bin Zaman S, Zamani M, Zandian H, Zare Z, Zhang Y, Zodpey S, Naghavi M, Murray C, Vos T, GBD 2016 Neurology Collaborators, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, VU University medical center, Feigin V.L., Nichols E., Alam T., Bannick M.S., Beghi E., Blake N., Culpepper W.J., Dorsey E.R., Elbaz A., Ellenbogen R.G., Fisher J.L., Fitzmaurice C., Giussani G., Glennie L., James S.L., Johnson C.O., Kassebaum N.J., Logroscino G., Marin B., Mountjoy-Venning W.C., Nguyen M., Ofori-Asenso R., Patel A.P., Piccininni M., Roth G.A., Steiner T.J., Stovner L.J., Szoeke C.E.I., Theadom A., Vollset S.E., Wallin M.T., Wright C., Zunt J.R., Abbasi N., Abd-Allah F., Abdelalim A., Abdollahpour I., Aboyans V., Abraha H.N., Acharya D., Adamu A.A., Adebayo O.M., Adeoye A.M., Adsuar J.C., Afarideh M., Agrawal S., Ahmadi A., Ahmed M.B., Aichour A.N., Aichour I., Aichour M.T.E., Akinyemi R.O., Akseer N., Al-Eyadhy A., Al-Shahi Salman R., Alahdab F., Alene K.A., Aljunid S.M., Altirkawi K., Alvis-Guzman N., Anber N.H., Antonio C.A.T., Arabloo J., Aremu O., Arnlov J., Asayesh H., Asghar R.J., Atalay H.T., Awasthi A., Ayala Quintanilla B.P., Ayuk T.B., Badawi A., Banach M., Banoub J.A.M., Barboza M.A., Barker-Collo S.L., Barnighausen T.W., Baune B.T., Bedi N., Behzadifar M., Bejot Y., Bekele B.B., Belachew A.B., Bennett D.A., Bensenor I.M., Berhane A., Beuran M., Bhattacharyya K., Bhutta Z.A., Biadgo B., Bijani A., Bililign N., Bin Sayeed M.S., Blazes C.K., Brayne C., Butt Z.A., Campos-Nonato I.R., Cantu-Brito C., Car M., Cardenas R., Carrero J.J., Carvalho F., Castaneda-Orjuela C.A., Castro F., Catala-Lopez F., Cerin E., Chaiah Y., Chang J.-C., Chatziralli I., Chiang P.P.-C., Christensen H., Christopher D.J., Cooper C., Cortesi P.A., Costa V.M., Criqui M.H., Crowe C.S., Damasceno A.A.M., Daryani A., De la Cruz-Gongora V., De La Hoz F.P., De Leo D., Degefa M.G., Demoz G.T., Deribe K., Dharmaratne S.D., Diaz D., Dinberu M.T., Djalalinia S., Doku D.T., Dubey M., Dubljanin E., Duken E.E., Edvardsson D., El-Khatib Z., Endres M., Endries A.Y., Eskandarieh S., Esteghamati A., Esteghamati S., Farhadi F., Faro A., Farzadfar F., Farzaei M.H., Fatima B., Fereshtehnejad S.-M., Fernandes E., Feyissa G.T., Filip I., Fischer F., Fukumoto T., Ganji M., Gankpe F.G., Garcia-Gordillo M.A., Gebre A.K., Gebremichael T.G., Gelaw B.K., Geleijnse J.M., Geremew D., Gezae K.E., Ghasemi-Kasman M., Gidey M.Y., Gill P.S., Gill T.K., Gnedovskaya E.V., Goulart A.C., Grada A., Grosso G., Guo Y., Gupta R., Haagsma J.A., Hagos T.B., Haj-Mirzaian A., Hamadeh R.R., Hamidi S., Hankey G.J., Hao Y., Haro J.M., Hassankhani H., Hassen H.Y., Havmoeller R., Hay S.I., Hegazy M.I., Heidari B., Henok A., Heydarpour F., Hoang C.L., Hole M.K., Homaie Rad E., Hosseini S.M., Hu G., Igumbor E.U., Ilesanmi O.S., Irvani S.S.N., Islam S.M.S., Jakovljevic M., Javanbakht M., Jha R.P., Jobanputra Y.B., Jonas J.B., Jozwiak J.J., Jurisson M., Kahsay A., Kalani R., Kalkonde Y., Kamil T.A., Kanchan T., Karami M., Karch A., Karimi N., Kasaeian A., Kassa T.D., Kassa Z.Y., Kaul A., Kefale A.T., Keiyoro P.N., Khader Y.S., Khafaie M.A., Khalil I.A., Khan E.A., Khang Y.-H., Khazaie H., Kiadaliri A.A., Kiirithio D.N., Kim A.S., Kim D., Kim Y.-E., Kim Y.J., Kisa A., Kokubo Y., Koyanagi A., Krishnamurthi R.V., Kuate Defo B., Kucuk Bicer B., Kumar M., Lacey B., Lafranconi A., Lansingh V.C., Latifi A., Leshargie C.T., Li S., Liao Y., Linn S., Lo W.D., Lopez J.C.F., Lorkowski S., Lotufo P.A., Lucas R.M., 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Affordability and Sustainability (VALUE), Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET), Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD), Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (LKCMedicine), Clinicum, Department of Neurosciences, Neurologian yksikkö, Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki, II kirurgian klinikka, and HUS Comprehensive Cancer Center
Subjects: Dánarmein, Male, Epidemiology, Diseases, Malalties cerebrals, Global Burden of Disease, Disability Evaluation, 0302 clinical medicine, Case fatality rate, Psychology, Konur, Cause of death, Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, Incidence, Men, Taugavísindi, ddc, 3. Good health, Sálfræði, World health, Muerte, Neurology, GBD 2016 Neurology Collaborators, Brain diseases, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Alzheimer disease, Carga global de enfermedades, Nervous system, medicine.medical_specialty, Global burden of diseases, Lífsgæði, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Health Sciences, Humans, Women, education, Trastornos neurológicos, VLAG, Aged, Science & Technology, 3112 Neurosciences, Global Burden of Diseases, 030104 developmental biology, Years of potential life lost, Επιστήμες Υγείας, Dementia, Human medicine, Neurosciences & Neurology, Neurology (clinical), Clinical Medicine, 1109 Neurosciences, Neurological disorders, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, dementia, RC, 0301 basic medicine, Pediatrics, Dánartíðni, Nutrition and Disease, 3124 Neurology and psychiatry, Disease Study, Taugasjúkdómar, Risk Factors, Voeding en Ziekte, Cause of Death, Global health, Prevalence, Causes of death, Public health, Mortality rate, Mental Disorders, Age Factors, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Middle Aged, neurologic disease, Death, Lýðheilsa, Female, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Quality of life, Adult, Population, Clinical Neurology, Sex Factors, medicine, Life Science, Disability-adjusted life year, Medicine [Science], Mortality, Psychiatry, Disease burden, Neurology & Neurosurgery, burden of neurological disorders, Faraldsfræði, business.industry, Klinisk medicin, Causes de la mort, 1103 Clinical Sciences, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, Socioeconomic Factors, Karlar, global disease burden, Nervous System Diseases, Cause of death/trends, business
Abstract: Publisher´s version (útgefin grein)., Background Neurological disorders are increasingly recognised as major causes of death and disability worldwide. The aim of this analysis from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2016 is to provide the most comprehensive and up-to-date estimates of the global, regional, and national burden from neurological disorders.Methods We estimated prevalence, incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs; the sum of years of life lost [YLLs] and years lived with disability [YLDs]) by age and sex for 15 neurological disorder categories (tetanus, meningitis, encephalitis, stroke, brain and other CNS cancers, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, motor neuron diseases, idiopathic epilepsy, migraine, tension-type headache, and a residual category for other less common neurological disorders) in 195 countries from 1990 to 2016. DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, was the main method of estimation of prevalence and incidence, and the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) was used for mortality estimation. We quantified the contribution of 84 risks and combinations of risk to the disease estimates for the 15 neurological disorder categories using the GBD comparative risk assessment approach.Findings Globally, in 2016, neurological disorders were the leading cause of DALYs (276 million [95% UI 247–308]) and second leading cause of deaths (9·0 million [8·8–9·4]). The absolute number of deaths and DALYs from all neurological disorders combined increased (deaths by 39% [34–44] and DALYs by 15% [9–21]) whereas their age-standardised rates decreased (deaths by 28% [26–30] and DALYs by 27% [24–31]) between 1990 and 2016. The only neurological disorders that had a decrease in rates and absolute numbers of deaths and DALYs were tetanus, meningitis, and encephalitis. The four largest contributors of neurological DALYs were stroke (42·2% [38·6–46·1]), migraine (16·3% [11·7–20·8]), Alzheimer’s and other dementias (10·4% [9·0–12·1]), and meningitis (7·9% [6·6–10·4]). For the combined neurological disorders, age-standardised DALY rates were significantly higher in males than in females (male-to-female ratio 1·12 [1·05–1·20]), but migraine, multiple sclerosis, and tension-type headache were more common and caused more burden in females, with male-to-female ratios of less than 0·7. The 84 risks quantified in GBD explain less than 10% of neurological disorder DALY burdens, except stroke, for which 88·8% (86·5–90·9) of DALYs are attributable to risk factors, and to a lesser extent Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias (22·3% [11·8–35·1] of DALYs are risk attributable) and idiopathic epilepsy (14·1% [10·8–17·5] of DALYs are risk attributable).Interpretation Globally, the burden of neurological disorders, as measured by the absolute number of DALYs, continues to increase. As populations are growing and ageing, and the prevalence of major disabling neurological disorders steeply increases with age, governments will face increasing demand for treatment, rehabilitation, and support services for neurological disorders. The scarcity of established modifiable risks for most of the neurological burden demonstrates that new knowledge is required to develop effective prevention and treatment strategies., ROA is funded by the National Institutes of Health (U01HG010273). SMA acknowledges the International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia and Department of Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Public Health, Kuwait University for the approval and support to participate in this research project. AAw acknowledges funding support from Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, New Delhi, through INSPIRE Faculty scheme. TBA acknowledges partial funding from the Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies. ABa is supported by the Public Health Agency of Canada. TWB was supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through the Alexander von Humboldt Professor Award, funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. MSBS acknowledges support from the Australian Government Research and Training Program scholarship for a PhD degree at the Australian National University, Australia. JJC is supported by the Swedish Heart and Lung Foundation. FCar is supported by the European Union (FEDER funds POCI/01/0145/FEDER/007728 and POCI/01/0145/FEDER/007265) and National Funds (FCT/MEC, Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia and Ministerio da Educacao e Ciencia) under the Partnership Agreements PT2020 UID/MULTI/04378/2013 and PT2020UID/QUI/50006/2013. EC is supported by an Australian Research Council Future Fellowship (FT3 140100085). KD is supported by a Wellcome Trust [Grant Number 201900] as part of his International Intermediate Fellowship. EF is supported by the European Union (FEDER funds POCI/01/0145/FEDER/007728 and POCI/01/0145/FEDER/007265) and National Funds (FCT/MEC, Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia and Ministerio da Educacao e Ciencia) under the Partnership Agreements PT2020 UID/MULTI/04378/2013 and PT2020UID/QUI/50006/2013. SMSI is funded by the Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University and received funding from High Blood Pressure Research Council of Australia. YKa is a DBT/Wellcome Trust India Alliance Fellow in Public Health. YJK is supported by the Office of Research and Innovation at Xiamen University Malaysia. BL acknowledges funding from the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre. WDL is supported in part by U10NS086484 NINDS. SLo is funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (nutriCARD, grant agreement number 01EA1411A). RML is supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia Senior Research Fellowship. AMa and the Imperial College London are grateful for support from the NW London NIHR Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care. JJM is supported by the Danish National Research Foundation (Niels Bohr Professorship), and the John Cade Fellowship (APP1056929) from NHMRC. TMei acknowledges additional institutional support from the Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Jena-Halle-Leipzig. IMV is supported by the Sistema Nacional de Investigacion (Panama). MOO is supported by SIREN U54 U54HG007479 and SIBS Genomics R01NS107900 grants. AMS was supported by a fellowship from the Egyptian Fulbright Mission Program. MMSM acknowledges the support from the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Republic of Serbia (contract no 175087). AShe is supported by Health Data Research UK. MBS' work on traumatic brain injury is supported by grants NIH U01 NS086090 (PI G Manley) from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and DoD W81XWH-14-2-0176 (PI G Manley) from the United States Department of Defense. RTS is supported in part by grant number PROMETEOII/2015/021 from Generalitat Valenciana and the national grant PI17/00719 from ISCIIIFEDER. AGT was supported by a Fellowship from the NHMRC (Australia; 1042600. KBT acknowledges funding supports from the Maurice Wilkins Centre for Biodiscovery, Cancer Society of New Zealand, Health Research Council, Gut Cancer Foundation, and the University of Auckland. CY acknowledges support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 81773552) and the Chinese NSFC International Cooperation and Exchange Program (grant number 71661167007)., "Peer Reviewed"
Published: 2019

11. Islamic glazed wares from ancient Termez (southern Uzbekistan). Raw materials and techniques

Author: Mainardo Gaudenzi, Agnese Fusaro, Trinitat Pradell, Josep Maria Gurt i Esparraguera, Judit Molera, Verónica Martínez Ferreras, Shakir R. Pidaev, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Física, and Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. GCM - Grup de Caracterització de Materials
Subjects: Alkaline glazes, Archeology, Vitroceràmica, Segle IX-segle XVII, Ceràmica antiga, Física::Física de l'estat sòlid [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Slip (materials science), Archaeometry, Petrography, Slips, Ceramic, Quartz, Glass-ceramics, Jaciment arqueològic) [Termez (Uzbekistan], Lead glazes, Metallurgy, Glaze, Esmalts, Ceràmica islàmica, Underglaze, Alluvial plain, Arqueometria, Enamels, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Ancient ceramics, Termez, Pottery, Islamic pottery, Geology
Abstract: Ancient Termez, located on the southern border of Transoxiana/Mawarannahr, was an important pottery production centre during the Islamic period. Recent archaeological and archaeometric research carried out by the Spanish-Uzbek team evidenced the manufacture of glazed and unglazed vessels at the workshops found in the lower city (shahristan) and its suburbs (rabad). Glazed local products, mainly dated between the 9th and 16th/17th centuries, comprise slip-painted, underglaze and inglaze painted wares, splashed sgraffiato, and monochrome wares. The present study focuses on the chemical, mineralogical and petrographic examination of different types of glazed ceramics recovered at Termez excavations in order to identify the microstructure and composition of the glazes, the technological processes involved in their manufacture, and their evolution over the centuries. Thin polished sections were prepared and slips and glazes were analysed by optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results reveal that all the local/regional ceramics have a slip and a transparent glaze, with one exception. Colour decorations were applied over the slip, forming thinner or thicker layers depending on the desired final colour. Green (copper), red (iron) and brown/black (iron and in some cases iron plus manganese) pigments were used for the decorations. A high lead glaze was used in the ceramics found in the alluvial plain dating between the 9th and the 11th century, while an alkaline glaze is associated with the majority of ceramics collected in the shahristan dating between the 12th and the 17th century. An alumina rich clay mixed with lead oxide was used in the slip from the alluvial plain ceramics while the slip contained large quartz grains in the ceramics found in shahristan. Three imports from the Iraqi regions, a monochrome lustreware bowl and two white opaque glazed dishes dating from the 9th–10th centuries, were also analysed. They have the characteristic tin-opacified mixed lead-alkali glazes and fine calcareous pastes.
Published: 2020

12. Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders during 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Author: Feigin, VL, Abajobir, AA, Abate, KH, Abd-Allah, F, Abdulle, AM, Abera, SF, Abyu, GY, Ahmed, MB, Aichour, AN, Aichour, I, Aichour, MTE, Akinyemi, RO, Alabed, S, Al-Raddadi, R, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Ansari, H, Anwari, P, Arnlov, J, Asayesh, H, Asgedom, SW, Atey, TM, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, EFGA, Azarpazhooh, MR, Barac, A, Barboza, M, Barker-Collo, SL, Baernighausen, T, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Bennett, DA, Bensenor, IM, Berhane, A, Betsu, BD, Bhaumik, S, Birlik, SM, Biryukov, S, Boneya, DJ, Bulto, LN, Carabin, H, Casey, D, Castaneda-Orjuela, CA, Catala-Lopez, F, Chen, H, Chitheer, AA, Chowdhury, R, Christensen, H, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, deVeber, GA, Dharmaratne, SD, Do, HP, Dokova, K, Dorsey, ER, Ellenbogen, RG, Eskandarieh, S, Farvid, MS, Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Fischer, F, Foreman, KJ, Geleijnse, JM, Gillum, RF, Giussani, G, Goldberg, EM, Gona, PN, Goulart, AC, Gugnani, HC, Gupta, R, Hachinski, V, Hamadeh, RR, Hambisa, M, Hankey, GJ, Hareri, HA, Havmoeller, R, Hay, SI, Heydarpour, P, Hotez, PJ, Jakovljevic, MMB, Javanbakht, M, Jeemon, P, Jonas, JB, Kalkonde, Y, Kandel, A, Karch, A, Kasaeian, A, Kastor, A, Keiyoro, PN, Khader, YS, Khalil, IA, Khan, EA, Khang, Y-H, Khoja, AT, Khubchandani, J, Kulkarni, C, Kim, D, Kim, YJ, Kivimaki, M, Kokubo, Y, Kosen, S, Kravchenko, M, Krishnamurthi, RV, Defo, BK, Kumar, GA, Kumar, R, Kyu, HH, Larsson, A, Lavados, PM, Li, Y, Liang, X, Liben, ML, Lo, WD, Logroscino, G, Lotufo, PA, Loy, CT, Mackay, MT, Abd El Razek, HM, Abd El Razek, MM, Majeed, A, Malekzadeh, R, Manhertz, T, Mantovani, LG, Massano, J, Mazidi, M, McAlinden, C, Mehata, S, Mehndiratta, MM, Memish, ZA, Mendoza, W, Mengistie, MA, Mensah, GA, Meretoja, A, Mezgebe, HB, Miller, TR, Mishra, SR, Ibrahim, NM, Mohammadi, A, Mohammed, KE, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, AH, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Velasquez, IM, Musa, KI, Naghavi, M, Ngunjiri, JW, Nguyen, CT, Nguyen, G, Nguyen, QL, Nguyen, TH, Nichols, E, Ningrum, DN, Nong, VM, Norrving, B, Noubiap, JJN, Ogbo, FA, Owolabi, MO, Pandian, JD, Parmar, PG, Pereira, DM, Petzold, M, Phillips, MR, Piradov, MA, Poulton, RG, Pourmalek, F, Qorbani, M, Rafay, A, Rahman, M, Rahman, MH, Rai, RK, Rajsic, S, Ranta, A, Rawaf, S, Renzaho, AMN, Rezai, MS, Roth, GA, Roshandel, G, Rubagotti, E, Sachdev, P, Safiri, S, Sahathevan, R, Sahraian, MA, Samy, AM, Santalucia, P, Santos, IS, Sartorius, B, Satpathy, M, Sawhney, M, Saylan, MI, Sepanlou, SG, Shaikh, MA, Shakir, R, Shamsizadeh, M, Sheth, KN, Shigematsu, M, Shoman, H, Silva, DA, Smith, M, Sobngwi, E, Sposato, LA, Stanaway, JD, Stein, DJ, Steiner, TJ, Stovner, LJ, Abdulkader, RS, Szoeke, CEI, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Tanne, D, Theadom, AM, Thrift, AG, Tirschwell, DL, Topor-Madry, R, Tran, BX, Truelsen, T, Tuem, KB, Ukwaja, KN, Uthman, OA, Varakin, YY, Vasankari, T, Venketasubramanian, N, Vlassov, VV, Wadilo, F, Wakayo, T, Wallin, MT, Weiderpass, E, Westerman, R, Wijeratne, T, Wiysonge, CS, Woldu, MA, Wolfe, CDA, Xavier, D, Xu, G, Yano, Y, Yimam, HH, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Zaidi, Z, Zaki, MES, Zunt, JR, Murray, CJL, Vos, T, Disorders, GBDN, Feigin, V, Abajobir, A, Abate, K, Abd-Allah, F, Abdulle, A, Abera, S, Abyu, G, Ahmed, M, Aichour, A, Aichour, I, Aichour, M, Akinyemi, R, Alabed, S, Al-Raddadi, R, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, A, Ansari, H, Anwari, P, Ärnlöv, J, Asayesh, H, Asgedom, S, Atey, T, Avila-Burgos, L, Frinel, E, Avokpaho, G, Barac, A, Barboza, M, Barker-Collo, S, Bärnighausen, T, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Bennett, D, Bensenor, I, Berhane, A, Betsu, B, Bhaumik, S, Birlik, S, Biryukov, S, Boneya, D, Bulto, L, Carabin, H, Casey, D, Castañeda-Orjuela, C, Catalá-López, F, Chen, H, Chitheer, A, Chowdhury, R, Christensen, H, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Veber, G, Dharmaratne, S, Do, H, Dokova, K, Dorsey, E, Ellenbogen, R, Eskandarieh, S, Farvid, M, Fereshtehnejad, S, Fischer, F, Foreman, K, Geleijnse, J, Gillum, R, Giussani, G, Gona, P, Goulart, A, Gugnani, H, Gupta, R, Hamadeh, R, Hambisa, M, Hankey, G, Hareri, H, Havmoeller, R, Hay, S, Heydarpour, P, Hotez, P, Jakovljevic, M, Javanbakht, M, Jeemon, P, Jonas, J, Kalkonde, Y, Kandel, A, Karch, A, Kasaeian, A, Kastor, A, Keiyoro, P, Khader, Y, Khalil, I, Khan, E, Khang, Y, Tawfih, A, Khoja, A, Khubchandani, J, Kim, D, Kim, Y, Kivimaki, M, Kokubo, Y, Kosen, S, Kravchenko, M, Krishnamurthi, R, Defo, B, Kumar, G, Kumar, R, Kyu, H, Larsson, A, Lavados, P, Li, Y, Liang, X, Liben, M, Lo, W, Logroscino, G, Lotufo, P, Loy, C, Mackay, M, El Razek, H, El Razek, M, Majeed, A, Malekzadeh, R, Manhertz, T, Mantovani, L, Massano, J, Mazidi, M, Mcalinden, C, Mehata, S, Mehndiratta, M, Memish, Z, Mendoza, W, Mengistie, M, Mensah, G, Meretoja, A, Mezgebe, H, Miller, T, Mishra, S, Ibrahim, N, Mohammadi, A, Mohammed, K, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, A, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Velasquez, I, Musa, K, Naghavi, M, Ngunjiri, J, Nguyen, C, Nguyen, G, Le Nguyen, Q, Nguyen, T, Nichols, E, Ningrum, D, Nong, V, Norrving, B, Noubiap, J, Ogbo, F, Owolabi, M, Pandian, J, Petzold, M, Phillips, M, Piradov, M, Poulton, R, Pourmalek, F, Qorbani, M, Rafay, A, Rahman, M, Rai, R, Rajsic, S, Ranta, A, Rawaf, S, Renzaho, A, Rezai, M, Roshandel, G, Rubagotti, E, Sachdev, P, Safiri, S, Sahathevan, R, Sahraian, M, Samy, A, Santalucia, P, Santos, I, Sartorius, B, Satpathy, M, Sawhney, M, Saylan, M, Sepanlou, S, Shaikh, M, Shakir, R, Shamsizadeh, M, Sheth, K, Shigematsu, M, Shoman, H, Silva, D, Smith, M, Sobngwi, E, Sposato, L, Stein, D, Steiner, T, Stovner, L, Abdulkader, R, EI Szoeke, C, Tabarés-Seisdedos, R, Tanne, D, Theadom, A, Thrift, A, Tirschwell, D, Topor-Madry, R, Tran, B, Truelsen, T, Tuem, K, Ukwaja, K, Uthman, O, Varakin, Y, Vasankari, T, Venketasubramanian, N, Vlassov, V, Wadilo, F, Wakayo, T, Wallin, M, Weiderpass, E, Westerman, R, Wijeratne, T, Wiysonge, C, Woldu, M, Wolfe, C, Xavier, D, Xu, G, Yano, Y, Yimam, H, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Zaidi, Z, El Sayed Zaki, M, Zunt, J, Murray, C, and Vos, T
Subjects: Cost of Illness, Nutrition and Disease, GBD, Voeding en Ziekte, Humans, Life Science, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Nervous System Diseases, Global Health, Article, Global Burden of Disease, VLAG
Abstract: Background Comparable data on the global and country-specific burden of neurological disorders and their trends are\ud crucial for health-care planning and resource allocation. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors\ud (GBD) Study provides such information but does not routinely aggregate results that are of interest to clinicians\ud specialising in neurological conditions. In this systematic analysis, we quantified the global disease burden due to\ud neurological disorders in 2015 and its relationship with country development level.\ud \ud Methods We estimated global and country-specific prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), years\ud of life lost (YLLs), and years lived with disability (YLDs) for various neurological disorders that in the GBD classification\ud have been previously spread across multiple disease groupings. The more inclusive grouping of neurological\ud disorders included stroke, meningitis, encephalitis, tetanus, Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias, Parkinson’s\ud disease, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, motor neuron disease, migraine, tension-type headache, medication overuse\ud headache, brain and nervous system cancers, and a residual category of other neurological disorders. We also analysed\ud results based on the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a compound measure of income per capita, education, and\ud fertility, to identify patterns associated with development and how countries fare against expected outcomes relative\ud to their level of development.\ud \ud Findings Neurological disorders ranked as the leading cause group of DALYs in 2015 (250·7 [95% uncertainty interval\ud (UI) 229·1 to 274·7] million, comprising 10·2% of global DALYs) and the second-leading cause group of deaths (9·4\ud [9·1 to 9·7] million], comprising 16·8% of global deaths). The most prevalent neurological disorders were tensiontype\ud headache (1505·9 [UI 1337·3 to 1681·6 million cases]), migraine (958·8 [872·1 to 1055·6] million), medication\ud overuse headache (58·5 [50·8 to 67·4 million]), and Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias (46·0\ud [40·2 to 52·7 million]). Between 1990 and 2015, the number of deaths from neurological disorders increased by\ud 36·7%, and the number of DALYs by 7·4%. These increases occurred despite decreases in age-standardised rates of\ud death and DALYs of 26·1% and 29·7%, respectively; stroke and communicable neurological disorders were\ud responsible for most of these decreases. Communicable neurological disorders were the largest cause of DALYs in\ud countries with low SDI. Stroke rates were highest at middle levels of SDI and lowest at the highest SDI. Most of the\ud changes in DALY rates of neurological disorders with development were driven by changes in YLLs.\ud \ud Interpretation Neurological disorders are an important cause of disability and death worldwide. Globally, the burden\ud of neurological disorders has increased substantially over the past 25 years because of expanding population numbers\ud and ageing, despite substantial decreases in mortality rates from stroke and communicable neurological disorders.\ud The number of patients who will need care by clinicians with expertise in neurological conditions will continue to\ud grow in coming decades. Policy makers and health-care providers should be aware of these trends to provide adequate\ud services.\ud \ud Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Published: 2017

13. Tableware in the Hellenistic Tradition from the City of Kampyr Tepe in Ancient Bactria (Uzbekistan)

Author: Anno Hein, E. V. Rtveladze, S. B. Bolelov, Shakir R. Pidaev, V. Martínez Ferreras, and J. M. Gurt Esparraguera
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Archeology, History, 060102 archaeology, media_common.quotation_subject, 06 humanities and the arts, Art, Ancient history, 01 natural sciences, Archaeology, Petrography, 0601 history and archaeology, Pottery, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common
Abstract: Slipped and unslipped wares from Kampyr Tepe dated to the Hellenistic–Seleucid and Greco-Bactrian periods stylistically resemble tableware from the Greek tradition. Since two pottery workshops have been recovered at the site, the aim is to shed light on the provenance and the production and consumption patterns of the tableware, as well as on the degree of technological influence from Hellenistic–Mediterranean traditions. The archaeometric characterization, consisting of thin-section petrography, XRF, XRD and SEM–EDS analysis, was performed on 44 wares and three unfired locally made pondera, which were used as reference local elemental patterns. The study demonstrated the local origin of most of the wares, which were produced using a similar clay paste, following standardized techniques in modelling and firing, while surface treatments appear to be more diversified.
Published: 2015

14. The Buddhist occupation of Tchingiz Tepe (Termez, Uzbekistan) in the Kushan period through the ceramic contexts

Author: Verónica Martínez Ferreras, Shakir R. Pidaev, Enrique Ariño Gil, and Josep Maria Gurt i Esparraguera
Subjects: Archeology, Geography, Buddhism, Pottery, Ancient history, Archaeology
Abstract: Termez was one of the great Buddhist religious centers in northern Bactria in the Kushan period, as evidenced by the notable monastic complexes sited in the city. The stratigraphic excavations and 14C analysis recently conducted at Tchingiz Tepe, in a monastic cell (sector RC) and in a space for worship (sector RA), provide new data on the complete occupational sequence. In the present study we examine the reliably dated pottery contexts from these two sectors, aiming to create a preliminary typological classification of the Kushan and early Kushano-Sasanian pottery from northern Bactria. The data related to the chrono-spatial context and all the formal, metric, decorative and functional attributes of the pottery wares were categorized and implemented in a database. By comparing the pottery from the two sectors we expected to ascertain the significance and functionality of the spaces and the formal evolution of the types between the mid-second and the mid-third centuries AD. We also compared the pottery with the vessels found in other monastic complexes at Termez (i.e. Kara Tepe) and in other contemporary sites from northern Bactria in order to assess the degree of singularity or standardization of the pottery types at a regional level. The study revealed that tableware (consisting mainly of reddish slipped cups, bowls, plates, platters and jars with or without burnishing, incised and stamped decorations), common wares (basins and storage pots), and large jars or containers were prevalent in the two sectors. Cooking wares appeared only in the monastic cell; in contrast to the high degree of technological standardization detected in the other wares, the cooking pots presented major formal and technological differences. However, all the pottery used at Tchingiz Tepe is consistent with the regional prototypes observed in other nearby sites, whether or not they were Buddhist religious centers.
Published: 2015

15. Neurocysticercosis

Author: SHAKIR, R
Subjects: Book Review
Published: 1998

16. Atlas of Epileptic Seizures - Classical Examples for CD-ROM

Author: SHAKIR, R
Subjects: Book Review
Published: 1998

17. Metabolic and pharmacological observations during drug treatment of epilepsy

Author: Shakir, R. A
Abstract: The thesis reports studies on patients with epilepsy. The effects of two newly introduced anticonvulsant agents are discussed with regard to the seizure control, side effects, serum levels and their effect on the metabolism of other anticonvulsant drugs when used in combination. Some of the metabolic changes induced by anticonvulsant medication are reported. The introduction to the thesis gives an account of the general mode of action of anticonvulsant drugs, and indicates the continual search for the ideal anticonvulsant. The methods used in various analyses in this thesis are described. The thesis is then divided into two sections. The first deals with the comparative trial of the two newly introduced anticonvulsant agents, i.e. sodium valproate (EPILIM) and clonazepam (RIVOTRIL). The two drugs were studied in a cross-over trial in 32 chronic epileptic patients who were showing poor control; one of the trial drugs was added to the existing therapy for a period of 12 weeks, after which the patients took the second drug. Sodium valproate was the more effective drug with the least side effects. However, sodium valproate had more effect on other serum anticonvulsant drug levels: it increased the serum levels of pheno-barbitone and reduced those of phenytoin in some patients. The second section of the thesis deals with two of the changes in metabolism induced by the chronic intake of anticonvulsant drugs. Chapters 3, 4 and 5 deal with the incidence of serum IgA depletion, the effect of anticonvulsants on secretory IgA, the relation of serum IgA depletion to the HLA status, and the effect anticonvulsants have on lymphocyte protein synthesis. The results show that roughly one fourth of the patients studied had reduced serum IgA levels, and this directly related to the intake of phenytoin. The reduction in serum IgA was not found to be reflected on the active form of IgA, viz, secretory IgA; although found to be reduced, this was to a much lesser degree than that of the serum. The reduction in serum IgA in patients on phenytoin was related to the higher incidence of a specific HLA pattern in these patients. HLA-A2 was much more prevalent in these patients than in patients on the same medication but who did not have a low serum IgA level. Lymphocyte protein synthesis was found to be reduced in all patients on anticonvulsants when compared to controls. During the IgA studies serum folate was measured, and it was found to be reduced in 90% of the patients. This was further studied in Chapters 7 and 8. Serum folate was found to be reduced in most of the patients studied. Those who had the lowest serum folate levels had CSF examination for folate, which was found to be reduced as well. The effects of treating patients with low serum and CSF folate is reported. The treatment was with folic acid or with 5-formyltetrahydrofolate. The effects of treatment on seizure frequency, serum anticonvulsant levels and CSF amine metabolites (HVA and HIAA) were studied. The results show that CSF folate increased more with 5-formyltetrahydrofolate treatment. Serum phenytoin levels were reduced with treatment, and the levels of HVA and HIAA were reduced with 5-formyl-tetrahydrofolate; there was, however, no effect on seizure frequency.
Published: 1977

18. Combined amusia and spatial analysis deficit following right hemisphere infarction

Author: Griffiths, T. D., Rees, A., Witton, C., Cross, P. M., Shakir, R. A., and Gary Green

19. Multi-coupled field simulation and experimental study of AISI 316L stainless steel using resistance spot welding

Author: Marwan T. Mezher, Saad, M. L., Barrak, O. S., Hussein, S. K., and Shakir, R. A.

20. Predication of Forming Limit Diagram and Spring-back during SPIF process of AA1050 and DC04 Sheet Metals

Author: Marwan T. Mezher, Barrak, O. S., Nama, S. A., and Shakir, R. A.

21. Finite element simulation and experimental analysis of nano powder additives effect in the deep drawing process

Author: Marwan T. Mezher, Saad, M. L., Barrak, O. S., and Shakir, R. A.

22. Population and fertility by age and sex for 195 countries and territories, 1950-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Author: Murray, Christopher J L, Callender, Charlton S K H, Kulikoff, Xie Rachel, Srinivasan, Vinay, Abate, Degu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abay, Solomon M, Abbasi, Nooshin, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abdela, Jemal, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdel-Rahman, Omar, Abdi, Alireza, Abdoli, Nasrin, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi, Abebe, Haftom Temesgen, Abebe, Molla, Abebe, Zegeye, Abebo, Teshome Abuka, Abejie, Ayenew Negesse, Aboyans, Victor, Abraha, Haftom Niguse, Abreu, Daisy Maria Xavier, Abrham, Aklilu Roba, Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M E, Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou, Acharya, Pawan, Adamu, Abdu A, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O, Adhena, Beyene Meressa, Adhikari, Tara Ballav, Adib, Mina G, Adou, Arsène Kouablan, Adsuar, Jose C, Afarideh, Mohsen, Afshin, Ashkan, Agarwal, Gina, Agesa, Kareha M, Aghayan, Sargis Aghasi, Agrawal, Sutapa, Ahmadi, Alireza, Ahmadi, Mehdi, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Ahmed, Sayem, Aichour, Amani Nidhal, Aichour, Ibtihel, Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine, Akanda, Ali S, Akbari, Mohammad Esmaeil, Akibu, Mohammed, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akinyemiju, Tomi, Akseer, Nadia, Alahdab, Fares, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alebel, Animut, Aleman, Alicia V, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Al-Eyadhy, Ayman, Ali, Raghib, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, François, Allebeck, Peter, Almasi, Ali, Alonso, Jordi, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T, Ammar, Walid, Anber, Nahla Hamed, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Androudi, Sofia, Animut, Megbaru Debalkie, Ansari, Hossein, Ansha, Mustafa Geleto, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw, Aremu, Olatunde, Areri, Habtamu Abera, Arian, Nicholas, Ärnlöv, Johan, Artaman, Al, Aryal, Krishna K, Asayesh, Hamid, Asfaw, Ephrem Tsegay, Asgedom, Solomon Weldegebreal, Assadi, Reza, Atey, Tesfay Mehari Mehari, Atique, Suleman, Atteraya, Madhu Sudhan, Ausloos, Marcel, Avokpaho, Euripide F G A, Awasthi, Ashish, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayele, Yohanes, Ayer, Rakesh, Ayuk, Tambe B, Azzopardi, Peter S, Babalola, Tesleem Kayode, Babazadeh, Arefeh, Badali, Hamid, Badawi, Alaa, Bali, Ayele Geleto, Banach, Maciej, Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Barrero, Lope H, Basaleem, Huda, Bassat, Quique, Basu, Arindam, Baune, Bernhard T, Baynes, Habtamu Wondifraw, Beghi, Ettore, Behzadifar, Masoud, Behzadifar, Meysam, Bekele, Bayu Begashaw, Belachew, Abate Bekele, Belay, Aregawi Gebreyesus, Belay, Ezra, Belay, Saba Abraham, Belay, Yihalem Abebe, Bell, Michelle L, Bello, Aminu K, Bennett, Derrick A, Bensenor, Isabela M, Bergeron, Gilles, Berhane, Adugnaw, Berman, Adam E, Bernabe, Eduardo, Bernstein, Robert S, Bertolacci, Gregory J, Beuran, Mircea, Bhattarai, Suraj, Bhaumik, Soumyadeep, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Biadgo, Belete, Bijani, Ali, Bikbov, Boris, Bililign, Nigus, Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat, Birlik, Sait Mentes, Birungi, Charles, Biswas, Tuhin, Bizuneh, Hailemichael, Bleyer, Archie, Basara, Berrak Bora, Bosetti, Cristina, Boufous, Soufiane, Brady, Oliver J, Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi, Brainin, Michael, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J K, Brenner, Hermann, Brewer, Jerry D, Briant, Paul Svitil, Britton, Gabrielle, Burstein, Roy, Busse, Reinhard, Butt, Zahid A, Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R, Campuzano Rincon, Julio Cesar, Cano, Jorge, Car, Mate, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carrero, Juan J, Carvalho, Félix, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Castillo Rivas, Jacqueline, Castro, Franz, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Çavlin, Alanur, Cerin, Ester, Chalek, Julian, Chang, Hsing-Yi, Chang, Jung-Chen, Chattopadhyay, Aparajita, Chaturvedi, Pankaj, Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia, Chin, Ken Lee, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Chitheer, Abdulaal, Choi, Jee-Young J, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christopher, Devasahayam J, Cicuttini, Flavia M, Ciobanu, Liliana G, Cirillo, Massimo, Claro, Rafael M, 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Vasconcelos, A, Vladimirov, S, Vollset, S, Walson, J, Weintraub, R, Weldegwergs, K, Wolfe, C, Wyper, G, Yasin, Y, Yentür, G, Yimer, E, Yoon, S, Younis, M, Zaman, S, Zeleke, M, Zenebe, Z, Zerfu, T, Zhao, X, Zimsen, S, Lopez, A, and Lim, S
Subjects: Adult, Male, Population Density, GBD, population, fertility, Adolescent, Medicine (all), Infant, Newborn, Infant, 11 Medical And Health Sciences, Middle Aged, Global Health, Global Burden of Disease, Young Adult, Child, Preschool, General & Internal Medicine, Female, Human medicine, Mortality, Child, Population Growth, Birth Rate, Aged, Human, Maternal Age
Abstract: Background Population estimates underpin demographic and epidemiological research and are used to track progress on numerous international indicators of health and development. To date, internationally available estimates of population and fertility, although useful, have not been produced with transparent and replicable methods and do not use standardised estimates of mortality. We present single-calendar year and single-year of age estimates of fertility and population by sex with standardised and replicable methods. Methods We estimated population in 195 locations by single year of age and single calendar year from 1950 to 2017 with standardised and replicable methods. We based the estimates on the demographic balancing equation, with inputs of fertility, mortality, population, and migration data. Fertility data came from 7817 location-years of vital registration data, 429 surveys reporting complete birth histories, and 977 surveys and censuses reporting summary birth histories. We estimated age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs; the annual number of livebirths to women of a specified age group per 1000 women in that age group) by use of spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression and used the ASFRs to estimate total fertility rates (TFRs; the average number of children a woman would bear if she survived through the end of the reproductive age span [age 10-54 years] and experienced at each age a particular set of ASFRs observed in the year of interest). Because of sparse data, fertility at ages 10-14 years and 50-54 years was estimated from data on fertility in women aged 15-19 years and 45-49 years, through use of linear regression. Age-specific mortality data came from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 estimates. Data on population came from 1257 censuses and 761 population registry location-years and were adjusted for underenumeration and age misreporting with standard demographic methods. Migration was estimated with the GBD Bayesian demographic balancing model, after incorporating information about refugee migration into the model prior. Final population estimates used the cohort-cotnponent method of population projection, with inputs of fertility, mortality, and migration data. Population uncertainty was estimated by use of out-of-sample predictive validity testing. With these data, we estimated the trends in population by age and sex and in fertility by age between 1950 and 2017 in 195 countries and territories. Findings From 1950 to 2017, TFRs decreased by 49.4% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 46.4-52.0). The TFR decreased from 4.7 livebirths (4.5-4.9) to 2.4 livebirths (2.2-2.5), and the ASFR of mothers aged 10-19 years decreased from 37 livebirths (34-40) to 22 livebirths (19-24) per 1000 women. Despite reductions in the TFR, the global population has been increasing by an average of 83.8 million people per year since 1985. The global population increased by 197-2% (193.3-200.8) since 1950, from 2.6 billion (2.5-2.6) to 7.6 billion (7.4-7.9) people in 2017; much of this increase was in the proportion of the global population in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. The global annual rate of population growth increased between 1950 and 1964, when it peaked at 2.0%; this rate then remained nearly constant until 1970 and then decreased to 1.1% in 2017. Population growth rates in the southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania GBD super-region decreased from 2.5% in 1963 to O7% in 2017, whereas in sub-Saharan Africa, population growth rates were almost at the highest reported levels ever in 2017, when they were at 2.7%. The global average age increased from 26.6 years in 1950 to 32.1 years in 2017, and the proportion of the population that is of working age (age 15-64 years) increased from 59.9% to 65.3%. At the national level, the TFR decreased in all countries and territories between 1950 and 2017; in 2017, TFRs ranged from a low of 1.0 livebirths (95% UI 0. 9-1.2) in Cyprus to a high of 7.1 livebirths (6.8-7.4) in Niger. The TFR under age 25 years (TFU25; number of livebirths expected by age 25 years for a hypothetical woman who survived the age group and was exposed to current ASFRs) in 2017 ranged from 0.08 livebirths (0.07-0.09) in South Korea to 2.4 livebirths (2.2-2.6) in Niger, and the TFR over age 30 years (I F030; number of livebirths expected for a hypothetical woman ageing from 30 to 54 years who survived the age group and was exposed to current ASFRs) ranged from a low of 0.3 livebirths (0.3-0-4) in Puerto Rico to a high of 3.1 livebirths (3.0-3.2) in Niger. TF030 was higher than TFU25 in 145 countries and territories in 2017.33 countries had a negative population growth rate from 2010 to 2017, most of which were located in central, eastern, and western Europe, whereas population growth rates of more than 2.0% were seen in 33 of 46 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. In 2017, less than 65% of the national population was of working age in 12 of 34 high-income countries, and less than 50% of the national population was of working age in Mali, Chad, and Niger. Interpretation Population trends create demographic dividends and headwinds (ie, economic benefits and detriments) that affect national economies and determine national planning needs. Although TFRs are decreasing, the global population continues to grow as mortality declines, with diverse patterns at the national level and across age groups. To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide transparent and replicable estimates of population and fertility, which can be used to inform decision making and to monitor progress. Copyright (C) 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Published: 2018

23. Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality and life expectancy, 1950–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Author: Dicker, Daniel, Nguyen, Grant, Abate, Degu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abay, Solomon M, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbasi, Nooshin, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdela, Jemal, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdel-Rahman, Omar, Abdi, Alireza, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi, Abdurahman, Ahmed Abdulahi, Abebe, Haftom Temesgen, Abebe, Molla, Abebe, Zegeye, Abebo, Teshome Abuka, Aboyans, Victor, Abraha, Haftom Niguse, Abrham, Aklilu Roba, Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen ME, Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou, Acharya, Pawan, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O, Adhena, Beyene Meressa, Adhikari, Tara Ballav, Adib, Mina G, Adou, Arsène Kouablan, Adsuar, Jose C, Afarideh, Mohsen, Afshin, Ashkan, Agarwal, Gina, Aggarwal, Rakesh, Aghayan, Sargis Aghasi, Agrawal, Sutapa, Agrawal, Anurag, Ahmadi, Mehdi, Ahmadi, Alireza, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ahmed, Mohamed Lemine Cheikh brahim, Ahmed, Sayem, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Aichour, Amani Nidhal, Aichour, Ibtihel, Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine, Akanda, Ali S, Akbari, Mohammad Esmaeil, Akibu, Mohammed, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akinyemiju, Tomi, Akseer, Nadia, Alahdab, Fares, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alebel, Animut, Aleman, Alicia V, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Al-Eyadhy, Ayman, Ali, Raghib, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, François, Allebeck, Peter, Allen, Christine A, Alonso, Jordi, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T, Amini, Erfan, Ammar, Walid, Amoako, Yaw Ampem, Anber, Nahla Hamed, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Androudi, Sofia, Animut, Megbaru Debalkie, Anjomshoa, Mina, Anlay, Degefaye Zelalem, Ansari, Hossein, Ansariadi, Ansariadi, Ansha, Mustafa Geleto, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw, Aremu, Olatunde, Areri, Habtamu Abera, Ärnlöv, Johan, Arora, Megha, Artaman, Al, Aryal, Krishna K, Asadi-Lari, Mohsen, Asayesh, Hamid, Asfaw, Ephrem Tsegay, Asgedom, Solomon Weldegebreal, Assadi, Reza, Ataro, Zerihun, Atey, Tesfay Mehari Mehari, Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin, Atique, Suleman, Atre, Sachin R, Atteraya, Madhu Sudhan, Attia, Engi F, Ausloos, Marcel, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Avokpaho, Euripide F G A, Awasthi, Ashish, Awuah, Baffour, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayele, Henok Tadesse, Ayele, Yohanes, Ayer, Rakesh, Ayuk, Tambe B, Azzopardi, Peter S, Azzopardi-Muscat, Natasha, Badali, Hamid, Badawi, Alaa, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Bali, Ayele Geleto, Banach, Maciej, Banstola, Amrit, Barac, Aleksandra, Barboza, Miguel A, Barquera, Simon, Barrero, Lope H, Basaleem, Huda, Bassat, Quique, Basu, Arindam, Basu, Sanjay, Baune, Bernhard T, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Behzadifar, Masoud, Behzadifar, Meysam, Béjot, Yannick, Bekele, Bayu Begashaw, Belachew, Abate Bekele, Belay, Aregawi Gebreyesus, Belay, Ezra, Belay, Saba Abraham, Belay, Yihalem Abebe, Bell, Michelle L, 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Samuel, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Okoro, Anselm, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olagunju, Andrew T, Olagunju, Tinuke O, Olivares, Pedro R, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Ong, Sok King, Opio, John Nelson, Oren, Eyal, Ortiz, Justin R, Ortiz, Alberto, Ota, Erika, Otstavnov, Stanislav S, Øverland, Simon, Owolabi, Mayowa Ojo, Oyekale, Abayomi Samuel, P A, Mahesh, Pacella, Rosana, Pakhale, Smita, Pakhare, Abhijit P, Pana, Adrian, Panda, Basant Kumar, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pandey, Achyut Raj, Pandian, Jeyaraj Durai, Parisi, Andrea, Park, Eun-Kee, Parry, Charles D H, Parsian, Hadi, Patel, Shanti, Patle, Ajay, Patten, Scott B, Patton, George C, Paudel, Deepak, Pearce, Neil, Peprah, Emmanuel K, Pereira, Alexandre, Pereira, David M, Perez, Krystle M, Perico, Norberto, Pervaiz, Aslam, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petri, William A, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael R, Pigott, David M, Pillay, Julian David, Pirsaheb, Meghdad, Pishgar, Farhad, Plass, Dietrich, Polinder, Suzanne, Pond, Constance Dimity, Popova, Svetlana, Postma, Maarten J, Pourmalek, Farshad, Pourshams, Akram, Poustchi, Hossein, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Prakash, V., Prakash, Swayam, Prasad, Narayan, Qorbani, Mostafa, Quistberg, D Alex, Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rafiei, Alireza, Rahim, Fakher, Rahimi, Kazem, Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rahman, Sajjad ur, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajati, Fatemeh, Rajsic, Sasa, Raju, Sree Bhushan, Ram, Usha, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Ranjan, Prabhat, Ranta, Anna, Rasella, Davide, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Ray, Sarah E, Razo-García, Christian, Rego, Maria Albertina Santiago, Rehm, Jürgen, Reiner, Robert C, Reinig, Nickola, Reis, Cesar, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renzaho, Andre M N, Resnikoff, Serge, Rezaei, Satar, Rezaeian, Shahab, Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh, Riahi, Seyed Mohammad, Ribeiro, Antonio Luiz P, Riojas, Horacio, Rios-Blancas, Maria Jesu, Roba, Kedir Teji, Robinson, Stephen R, Roever, Leonardo, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Roshchin, Denis O, Rostami, Ali, Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Rubagotti, Enrico, Ruhago, George Mugambage, Saadat, Soheil, Sabde, Yogesh Damodar, Sachdev, Perminder S, Saddik, Basema, Sadeghi, Ehsan, Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi, Safari, Hosein, Safari, Yahya, Safari-Faramani, Roya, Safdarian, Mahdi, Safi, Sare, Safiri, Saeid, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Sajadi, Haniye Sadat, Salahshoor, Mohamadreza, Salam, Nasir, Salama, Joseph S, Salamati, Payman, Saldanha, Raphael de Freita, Salimi, Yahya, Salimzadeh, Hamideh, Salz, Inbal, Sambala, Evanson Zondani, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanabria, Juan, Sanchez-Niño, Maria Dolore, Santos, Itamar S, Santos, João Vasco, Santric Milicevic, Milena M, Sao Jose, Bruno Piassi, Sardana, Mayank, Sarker, Abdur Razzaque, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Sartorius, Benn, Sarvi, Shahabeddin, Sathian, Brijesh, Satpathy, Maheswar, Savic, Miloje, Sawant, Arundhati R, Sawhney, Monika, Saxena, Sonia, Sayyah, Mehdi, Scaria, Vinod, Schaeffner, Elke, Schelonka, Kathryn, Schmidt, Maria Inê, Schneider, Ione J C, Schöttker, Ben, Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth, Schwebel, David C, Schwendicke, Falk, Scott, James G, Sekerija, Mario, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Serván-Mori, Edson, Shabaninejad, Hosein, Shackelford, Katya Anne, Shafieesabet, Azadeh, Shaheen, Amira A, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shakir, Raad A, Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran, Shamsi, MohammadBagher, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Sharafi, Heidar, Sharafi, Kiomar, Sharif, Mehdi, Sharif-Alhoseini, Mahdi, Sharma, Meenakshi, Sharma, Jayendra, Sharma, Rajesh, She, Jun, Sheikh, Aziz, Sheth, Kevin N, Shi, Peilin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shifa, Girma Temam, Shiferaw, Mekonnen Sisay, Shigematsu, Mika, Shiri, Rahman, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shiue, Ivy, Shokraneh, Farhad, Shrime, Mark G, Shukla, Sharvari Rahul, Si, Si, Siabani, Soraya, Siddiqi, Tariq J, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Sigurvinsdottir, Rannveig, Silpakit, Nari, Silva, Diego Augusto Santo, Silva, João Pedro, Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alve, Singam, Narayana Sarma Venkata, Singh, Jasvinder A, Singh, Virendra, Sinha, Anju Pradhan, Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, Sitas, Freddy, Skirbekk, Vegard, Sliwa, Karen, Soares Filho, Adauto Martin, Sobaih, Badr Hasan, Sobhani, Soheila, Soofi, Moslem, Soriano, Joan B, Soyiri, Ireneous N, Sposato, Luciano A, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Srinivasan, Vinay, Srivastava, Rakesh Kumar, Starodubov, Vladimir I, Stathopoulou, Vasiliki, Steel, Nichola, Stein, Dan J, Steiner, Caitlyn, Stewart, Leo G, Stokes, Mark A, Sudaryanto, Agu, Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale, Sulo, Gerhard, Sunguya, Bruno F, Sur, Patrick John, Sutradhar, Ipsita, Sykes, Bryan L, Sylaja, P.N., Sylte, Dillon O, Szoeke, Cassandra E I, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabuchi, Takahiro, Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar, Takahashi, Ken, Tandon, Nikhil, Tassew, Aberash Abay, Tassew, Segen Gebremeskel, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Taveira, Nuno, Tawye, Nega Yimer, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Tekalign, Tigist Gashaw, Tekle, Merhawi Gebremedhin, Temesgen, Habtamu, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Temsah, Omar, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Teshale, Manaye Yihune, Tessema, Belay, Teweldemedhin, Mebrahtu, Thakur, Jarnail Singh, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman, Thirunavukkarasu, Sathish, Thomas, Laura Anne, Thomas, Nihal, Thrift, Amanda G, Tilahun, Binyam, To, Quyen G, Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Topouzis, Foti, Torre, Anna E, Tortajada-Girbés, Miguel, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, Towbin, Jeffrey A, Tran, Bach Xuan, Tran, Khanh Bao, Tripathi, Suryakant, Tripathy, Srikanth Prasad, Truelsen, Thomas Clement, Truong, Nu Thi, Tsadik, Afewerki Gebremeskel, Tsilimparis, Nikolao, Tudor Car, Lorainne, Tuzcu, E Murat, Tyrovolas, Stefano, Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna, Ullah, Irfan, Usman, Muhammad Shariq, Uthman, Olalekan A, Uzun, Selen Begüm, Vaduganathan, Muthiah, Vaezi, Afsane, Vaidya, Gaurang, Valdez, Pascual R, Varavikova, Elena, Varughese, Santosh, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Vasconcelos, Ana Maria Nogale, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Vidavalur, Ramesh, Villafaina, Santo, Violante, Francesco S, Vladimirov, Sergey Konstantinovitch, Vlassov, Vasily, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vos, Theo, Vosoughi, Kia, Vujcic, Isidora S, Wagner, Gregory R, Wagnew, Fasil Wagnew Shiferaw, Waheed, Yasir, Wang, Yanping, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Wassie, Molla Mesele, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G, Weiss, Daniel J, Weiss, Jordan, Weldegebreal, Fitsum, Weldegwergs, Kidu Gidey, Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A, Widecka, Justyna, Widecka, Katarzyna, Wijeratne, Tissa, Winkler, Andrea Sylvia, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Wolfe, Charles D A, Wondemagegn, Sintayehu Ambachew, Wu, Shouling, Wyper, Grant M A, Xu, Gelin, Yadav, Rajaram, Yakob, Bereket, Yamada, Tomohide, Yan, Lijing L, Yano, Yuichiro, Yaseri, Mehdi, Yasin, Yasin Jemal, Ye, Pengpeng, Yearwood, Jamal A, Yentür, Gökalp Kadri, Yeshaneh, Alex, Yimer, Ebrahim M, Yip, Paul, Yisma, Engida, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, York, Hunter W, Yotebieng, Marcel, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yousefifard, Mahmoud, Yu, Chuanhua, Zachariah, Geevar, Zadnik, Vesna, Zafar, Shamsa, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaman, Sojib Bin, Zamani, Mohammad, Zare, Zohreh, Zeeb, Hajo, Zeleke, Mulugeta Molla, Zenebe, Zerihun Menlkalew, Zerfu, Taddese Alemu, Zhang, Kai, Zhang, Xueying, Zhou, Maigeng, Zhu, Jun, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zucker, Inbar, Zuhlke, Liesl Joanna J, Lopez, Alan D, Gakidou, Emmanuela, and Murray, Christopher J L
Subjects: Child mortality, Alnæmi, Dánartíðni, Heilsufar, GBD, Börn, Dauði, Almennar lyflækningar, Fullorðnir, General & Internal Medicine, parasitic diseases, Psychology, age-specific mortality, Estimating adult mortality, Medicine (all), HIV, 11 Medical And Health Sciences, General Medicine, All-cause mortality, humanities, Countries, Death, mortality, national, Sálfræði, Health, GBD, mortality, Human medicine, Trends
Abstract: The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the funders. Data for this research was provided by MEASURE Evaluation, funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). Views expressed do not necessarily reflect those of USAID, the US Government, or MEASURE Evaluation. The Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics granted the researchers access to relevant data in accordance with licence no. SLN2014-3-170, after subjecting data to processing aiming to preserve the confidentiality of individual data in accordance with the General Statistics Law-2000. The researchers are solely responsible for the conclusions and inferences drawn upon available data., Background Assessments of age-specific mortality and life expectancy have been done by the UN Population Division, Department of Economics and Social Affairs (UNPOP), the United States Census Bureau, WHO, and as part of previous iterations of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD). Previous iterations of the GBD used population estimates from UNPOP, which were not derived in a way that was internally consistent with the estimates of the numbers of deaths in the GBD. The present iteration of the GBD, GBD 2017, improves on previous assessments and provides timely estimates of the mortality experience of populations globally. Methods The GBD uses all available data to produce estimates of mortality rates between 1950 and 2017 for 23 age groups, both sexes, and 918 locations, including 195 countries and territories and subnational locations for 16 countries. Data used include vital registration systems, sample registration systems, household surveys (complete birth histories, summary birth histories, sibling histories), censuses (summary birth histories, household deaths), and Demographic Surveillance Sites. In total, this analysis used 8259 data sources. Estimates of the probability of death between birth and the age of 5 years and between ages 15 and 60 years are generated and then input into a model life table system to produce complete life tables for all locations and years. Fatal discontinuities and mortality due to HIV/AIDS are analysed separately and then incorporated into the estimation. We analyse the relationship between age-specific mortality and development status using the Socio-demographic Index, a composite measure based on fertility under the age of 25 years, education, and income. There are four main methodological improvements in GBD 2017 compared with GBD 2016: 622 additional data sources have been incorporated; new estimates of population, generated by the GBD study, are used; statistical methods used in different components of the analysis have been further standardised and improved; and the analysis has been extended backwards in time by two decades to start in 1950. Findings Globally, 18·7% (95% uncertainty interval 18·4–19·0) of deaths were registered in 1950 and that proportion has been steadily increasing since, with 58·8% (58·2–59·3) of all deaths being registered in 2015. At the global level, between 1950 and 2017, life expectancy increased from 48·1 years (46·5–49·6) to 70·5 years (70·1–70·8) for men and from 52·9 years (51·7–54·0) to 75·6 years (75·3–75·9) for women. Despite this overall progress, there remains substantial variation in life expectancy at birth in 2017, which ranges from 49·1 years (46·5–51·7) for men in the Central African Republic to 87·6 years (86·9–88·1) among women in Singapore. The greatest progress across age groups was for children younger than 5 years; under-5 mortality dropped from 216·0 deaths (196·3–238·1) per 1000 livebirths in 1950 to 38·9 deaths (35·6–42·83) per 1000 livebirths in 2017, with huge reductions across countries. Nevertheless, there were still 5·4 million (5·2–5·6) deaths among children younger than 5 years in the world in 2017. Progress has been less pronounced and more variable for adults, especially for adult males, who had stagnant or increasing mortality rates in several countries. The gap between male and female life expectancy between 1950 and 2017, while relatively stable at the global level, shows distinctive patterns across super-regions and has consistently been the largest in central Europe, eastern Europe, and central Asia, and smallest in south Asia. Performance was also variable across countries and time in observed mortality rates compared with those expected on the basis of development. Interpretation This analysis of age-sex-specific mortality shows that there are remarkably complex patterns in population mortality across countries. The findings of this study highlight global successes, such as the large decline in under-5 mortality, which reflects significant local, national, and global commitment and investment over several decades. However, they also bring attention to mortality patterns that are a cause for concern, particularly among adult men and, to a lesser extent, women, whose mortality rates have stagnated in many countries over the time period of this study, and in some cases are increasing., Research reported in this publication was supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the University of Melbourne, Public Health England, the Norwegian Institute of Public Health, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, the National Institute on Aging of the National Institutes of Health (award P30AG047845), and the National Institute of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health (award R01MH110163).
Published: 2018

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23 results on '"Shakir, R"'

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4. Association of Radiation and Procarbazine Dose With Risk of Colorectal Cancer Among Survivors of Hodgkin Lymphoma

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9. Assessing Hellenistic to nomadic cultural patterns through pottery in ancient Termez, Uzbekistan

10. Carga global, regional y nacional de neurológicas. Desórdenes, 1990-2016: un análisis sistemático para el Global Estudio de la carga de enfermedad 2016

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16. Atlas of Epileptic Seizures - Classical Examples for CD-ROM

17. Metabolic and pharmacological observations during drug treatment of epilepsy

18. Combined amusia and spatial analysis deficit following right hemisphere infarction

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21. Finite element simulation and experimental analysis of nano powder additives effect in the deep drawing process

22. Population and fertility by age and sex for 195 countries and territories, 1950-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

23. Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality and life expectancy, 1950–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

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