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The aim of surgical treatment of any cerebral aneurysm is to achieve its total exclusion from the bloodstream. Although the progress in the development and implementation of microsurgical and the latest endovascular technologies, in many cases, the treatment of complex cerebral aneurysms is not an easy task. Unsatisfactory results of the exclusion of complicated cerebral aneurysms are due to many factors, for instance: gigantic size, fusiform or dolichoectatic configuration of the cerebral aneurysm, the presence of atherosclerotic changes, anatomical features of the departure of functionally important arteries directly from the cerebral aneurysm. Such cerebral aneurysms are quite problematic both for microsurgical remodeling clipping and for endovascular exclusion. At the current stage, the introduction and use of the microanastomosis technique provides additional options and expands the possibilities of surgical treatment of complex cerebral aneurysms.Objective ‒ to analyze the possibilities and results of surgical treatment of complicated cerebral aneurysms using the technique of surgical revascularization (bypass surgery).Materials and methods. An analysis of the results of the examination and surgical treatment of 16 patients with complicated cerebral aneurysms for the period from 2016 to 2020, who were treated and operated on in the emergency vascular neurosurgery department with the X-ray operating department Romodanov Institute of Neurosurgery of NAMS of Ukraine. All patients diagnosed with complicated cerebral aneurysms had gigantic sizes. All cases of surgical intervention included placement of extra-intracranial microanastomosis or intra-intracranial anastomosis, sometimes a combination of it, to ensure normal blood supply to the vessel of complicated cerebral aneurysm that were planned to be devascularized. In 14 observations, one-time anastomosis and exclusion of complicated cerebral aneurysms were performed. In 2 observations, the first stage was an anastomosis without exclusion of the complicated cerebral aneurysms due to insufficient vascularization of the distal arterial branch for deconstructive exclusion of aneurysm.Results. Satisfactory results of surgical treatment (grade 1 and 2 of Modified Rankin Scale (MRS)) in the general group of patients were observed in 13 (81 %) patients with complicated cerebral aneurysms. Unsatisfactory results of surgical treatment occurred in 3 (19 %) observations. Profound disability (MRS grade 5) as a result of surgical treatment was recorded in 1 (6 %) patient. Cases that ended fatally occurred in 2 (13 %) observations of the total group of patients. In the group of patients with surgical revascularization and excluded complicated cerebral aneurysms, satisfactory results were observed in 13 (92.9 %) patients. Fatal results of surgical treatment were recorded in 2 patients with a hemorrhagic course of complicated cerebral aneurysms, in which surgical revascularization was performed as first stage and scheduled removal of complicated cerebral aneurysms was planned.Conclusions. The introduction and use of the microanastomosis technique expands the possibilities of surgical treatment of complicated cerebral aneurysms. Revascularization surgical interventions are highly effective in the prevention of ischemic complications when complicated cerebral aneurysms are excluded. Recommendations (indications) for revascularization should be considered in impossibility and high risks of ischemic complications during remodeling clipping or endovascular exclusion of complicated cerebral aneurysms.

Argali (Ovis ammon), the largest species among all wild sheep, is native to mountainous regions of Central and East Asia, spreading mainly throughout such countries as Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Afghanistan, Mongolia, Russia and China. Intraspecific taxonomy of argali remains unclear, and currently, most researchers recognize up to nine subspecies. The aim of our work was to investigate the phylogenetic relationship between populations of O. ammon based on genome-wide SNP analysis. Five subspecies, Altai (O. a. ammon) (n = 6), Gobi (O. a. darwini) (n = 5), Pamir (O. a. polii) (n = 12), Tian Shan (O.a. karelini) (n = 15) and Kyzylkum (O. a. severtzovi) (n = 4), were genotyped using Illumina OvineHD BeadChip. In addition, complete mitogenome sequences from 30 of those samples were obtained. After quality control procedures, 65,158 SNPs were selected for the subsequent analyses. Neighbor-Net dendrogram and principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the five subspecies could be grouped into four clusters. It was shown that a population from Altai formed a cluster with Gobi subspecies. The highest pairwise FST genetic distance was between O. a. ammon and O. a. severtzovi (0.421) and the lowest were between O. a. polii and O.a. karelini (0.083) and between O. a. ammon and O. a. darwini (0.040) subspecies. Genetic diversity was higher in Central Asian argali as compared to East Asian populations. O. a. severtzovi had an admixed origin and consisted of two genetic components—73.5 ± 0.2% of O. a. polli and 26.5 ± 0.2% of urial (O. vignei). TreeMix analysis revealed a migration event from urial to O. a. severtzovi argali. The analysis of complete mitogenomes supported the results based on whole-genome genotyping. Considering that all the mtDNA sequences of O. a severtzovi belonged to O. ammon and not to O. vignei, we concluded that gene flow in this group was associated with urial males. As this is only the first work on intraspecific taxonomy and genetic diversity of argali based on genome-wide SNP genotyping and the analysis of complete mitogenomes, we suggest that more genetic studies are needed to clarify the status of Gobi and Tian Shan argali.

Based on an analysis of published and archival sources, the article attempts to investigate the general principles of the personnel service organization and the distribution of powers in personnel service between the federal center and the republics of Yugoslavia after the ruling party in 1951 set out to limit the nomenclature approach to the placement of personnel. In 1951-1961 the personnel system has gone through a phase of collapse, restoration and stabilization. All three stages are characterized by a shift in the center of personnel work towards republics and a weakening of the union center role. The established mechanisms for appointing personnel led to the strengthening of the republican nomenclature clans and began to hinder the policy of decentralization. As the centralized mechanisms for the placement of personnel weakened, the space for the functioning of informal ties expanded among the Yugoslav nomenclature.

Although pediatric liver transplantation (LT) results in excellent long-term outcomes, a high incidence of early acute cellular rejection and late graft fibrosis persists. Routine measurement of allograft enzymes may not reliably detect rejection episodes, identify candidates for immunosuppression minimization, or indicate allograft fibrosis. Surveillance biopsies (SBs) can provide valuable information in this regard, but their role in pediatric LT is not fully established. A retrospective cohort of 236 pediatric LT recipients from a high-volume center was studied to characterize the risks and benefits of SB versus for-cause biopsies (FCBs). The study population was 47.1% male and 54.7% Hispanic, and 31% received living donor grafts. Our data suggest that patients in the SB group had better transplant outcomes (rejection-free, graft, and patient survival) compared with patients who had FCBs or who never underwent biopsy. Among 817 biopsies obtained from 236 patients, 150 (18.4%) were SBs. Only 6 patients had a biopsy-related complication, and none were observed in the SB subset. Graft biochemical blood tests did not accurately predict rejection severity on biopsy, with aspartate aminotransferase area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) 0.66, alanine aminotransferase AUROC 0.65 (very poor predictions), and gamma-glutamyltransferase AUROC 0.58 (no prediction). SBs identified subclinical rejection in 18.6% of biopsies, whereas 63.3% of SBs had evidence of fibrosis. SBs prompted changes in immunosuppression including dose reduction. Our experience suggests that SB in pediatric LT is safe, offers valuable information about subclinical rejection episodes, and can guide management of immunosuppression, including minimization. Improved outcomes with SB were likely multifactorial, potentially relating to a more favorable early posttransplant course and possible effect of management optimization through SB. Further multicenter studies are needed to examine the role of SBs on long-term outcomes in pediatric LT.

The politics of democratization in the early 1950’s contributed to the revival of nationalism and republicanism in Slovenia. Employees of the state economic apparatus, creative intelligentsia and journalists began to make statements and actions that put Slovenian interests and problems in the first place in comparison with those of the general Yugoslavia. Many of them explained the socioeconomic problems of Slovenia by the fact that it was the cash cow of Yugoslavia. Opinion about the cultural superiority of the Slovenes and the desire to distance themselves from Yugoslavia revived. The Slovenian party leadership failed to cope with the suppression of these tendencies, which caused repeated criticism from Belgrade.

This paper presents the technology of interaction of a group of robots using a cloud server. The cloud server is designed to collect information from sensors of robotic equipment and use it to build a map of the workspace for the movement of mobile robots and paving the way. The proposed technology can be combined with the robot control system. The paper gives an example of a constructed map using the sensors of a mobile robot. The method of constructing a map of the space based on the data of odometry and methods for updating previously obtained information is considered. The development of a structural diagram of the cloud storage for the construction of the map of the area was carried out. The structure of the data collection server and the algorithm of the mobile platform in the interaction with the cloud server is proposed.

Moyamoya disease (MMD) – is a chronic progressive disorder of the unknown etiology with the development of the critical stenoses in internal carotid arteries and abnormal vascular net formation at the basal cerebrum to compensate the hemodynamic insufficiency and further development of the ischemic attacks, strokes, hematomas. The objective: to study the cerebral hemodynamic parameters and brain perfusion in patients with moyamoya disease. Materials and methods. We performed retrospective analysis of the cerebral angiography and cerebral perfusion investigations results of 6 patients with moyamoya desease, who were hospitalized in the State Institution «Romodanov Neurosurgery Institute of NAMS of Ukraine» in 2016–2020. All patients underwent a comprehensive examination, which included neuropsychological testing, the head and neck vessels duplex scanning, multispiral computed tomography (MSCT), selective cerebral angiography (SCA), and MSCT-angiography. The assessment of myamoya vessels was done by the Suzuki angiographic scale. Cerebral hemodynamics was studied by perfusion MSCT (PMSCT). Results. The diagnosis of moyamoya desease was confirmed in all patients by SCA and MSCT angiography. The clinical manifestation of the disease was represented by ischemic (n=5; 83.3%) and hemorrhagic (n=1; 16.7%) strokes. Stage 3, Stage 4 and Stage 6 has been diagnosed by Suzuki angiographic scale. Changes of the cerebral perfusion were more significant at Stage 4 / Stage 6: CBV was increased up to 20%, CBF was decreased > 30% with MTT time > 6 sec. The most significant changes were founed ipsilaterally in the territories of the MCA, moderate – in the territories of the ACA and PCA. Conclusion. In patients with moyamoya disease we have found the restructuring of the cerebral angioarchitectonics which has been matching the decrease of cerebral perfusion. Perfusion MSCT allows to get identification of the areas with an increased risk of ischemia and provides a decisive quantitative assessment of cerebral hemodynamics changes to establish indications for surgical treatment.

This paper is devoted to problem of mass transport of fluid for the surface progressive waves. New solutions for transitional current are obtained. Both Stokes and cnoidal waves are considered.

The article deals with the problem of correct dating of the session of the Politburo of the Central committee of the Communist party of Yugoslavia, which was listed in the Archive of Yugoslavia under the date January 15, 1949. Starting from the content of the source, the author suggests that it was created several years later. Using the method of comparing with other party sources, the author concludes that the most probable date of the session is January 15, 1952. The method of external criticism of the source indicates that the error in dating occurred earlier than January 1983 and has not been corrected until now.

BACKGROUND: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is one of the most common diseases affecting women of reproductive age. The main problem of BV is the low efficiency of traditional methods of treatment with a frequent recurrence of up to 50%. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 59 patients were examined and treated with the diagnosis of BV, which was confirmed in accordance with the Amsel criteria. The main group included women with BV and their male partners, whereas the compared group included only women with BV. All women were treated with systemic metronidazole and topical clindamycin, and suppositories with lactic acid were prescribed at the second stage. The men partners were treated systemically with metronidazole and topically with clindamycin. RESULTS: Gardnerella vaginalis, Atopobium vaginae, and Prevotella were the most commonly identified bacteria in the vaginal discharge. In men, BV-associated bacteria were found in the foreskin of the glans penis and distal urethra. The similarity of the microflora of the genital organs of women and their male partners was determined. In women with sexual partners who were treated 6 months after the therapy, the number of BV-associated bacteria was detected two or more times less frequently than in patients in the comparison group. For the men, the number of complaints and clinical symptoms significantly decreased after the treatment. Significant decreases in Gardnerella vaginalis, Atopobium vaginae, Prevotella spp., Leptotrichia amnionii, and Mobiluncus were achieved in the foreskin and Gardnerella in the urethra. In the main group of women, the frequency of BV recurrences recorded was 2.3 times less than that in the comparison group. CONCLUSION: The treatment of partners of women with BV effectively reduces the growth of BV-associated bacteria and significantly decreases the frequency of recurrences.

The presented clinical observation of surgical treatment of cavernous malformation of the left dorsal part of pons using the intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) is of scientific and applied interest. IONM is a relatively new diagnostic and at the same time the least studied direction in the system of neurophysiological support in high-tech neurosurgical care in Ukraine. The clinical manifestations, the results of clinical and instrumental methods of examination, and the course of the operation are analyzed in detail. The ISIS IONM system (Inomed, Germany) was used for monitoring. This case demonstrates that the use of multimodal IONM allows you to identify in real time most of the structures of the central nervous system that are at risk of surgery and prevent their damage. This makes it possible to prevent the development of postoperative neurological deficits and reduce the risk of disability in patients. The factor that ensures the success of IONM is the constructive interaction of neurosurgeons, neurophysiologists, and anesthesiologist.

The study analyzed 1947-1950s economic policy-related tensions between the authorities of Yugoslavia and Slovenia. In general, the Slovenian economic bureaucracy adopted the rules of the game established earlier. In 1947-1948 it confronted the union bureaucracy over the cases with unrealistically high expectations and with possible negative political impact. In addition, the Slovenian economic bureaucracy tried to turn nagative effects into its own advantage. Due to the detioration of Yugoslavia's economic situation, the nature of the tensions has been changing. Slovenian Politburo was getting discontent with union management methods. Slovenian bureaucracy intensified the struggle for scarce resources and against the reduction of republican investment. Public opinion in the republic was increasinlgy critical of its situation within Yugoslavia. Opposition to federal economic policy, previously grouped in the economic apparatus, was beginning to recieve some support from the Slovenian party leadership.

Moyamoya disease (MMD) – is a chronic progressive disorder of the unknown etiology with the development of the critical stenoses in internal carotid arteries and abnormal vascular net formation at the basal cerebrum to compensate the hemodynamic insufficiency and further development of the ischemic attacks, strokes, hematomas. The objective:to study the cerebral hemodynamic parameters and brain perfusion in patients with moyamoya disease. Materials and methods.We performed retrospective analysis of the cerebral angiography and cerebral perfusion investigations results of 6 patients with moyamoya desease, who were hospitalized in the State Institution «Romodanov Neurosurgery Institute of NAMS of Ukraine» in 2016–2020. All patients underwent a comprehensive examination, which included neuropsychological testing, the head and neck vessels duplex scanning, multispiral computed tomography (MSCT), selective cerebral angiography (SCA), and MSCT-angiography. The assessment of myamoya vessels was done by the Suzuki angiographic scale. Cerebral hemodynamics was studied by perfusion MSCT (PMSCT). Results.The diagnosis of moyamoya desease was confirmed in all patients by SCA and MSCT angiography. The clinical manifestation of the disease was represented by ischemic (n=5; 83.3%) and hemorrhagic (n=1; 16.7%) strokes. Stage 3, Stage 4 and Stage 6 has been diagnosed by Suzuki angiographic scale. Changes of the cerebral perfusion were more significant at Stage 4 / Stage 6: CBV was increased up to 20%, CBF was decreased > 30% with MTT time > 6 sec. The most significant changes were founed ipsilaterally in the territories of the MCA, moderate – in the territories of the ACA and PCA. Conclusion.In patients with moyamoya disease we have found the restructuring of the cerebral angioarchitectonics which has been matching the decrease of cerebral perfusion. Perfusion MSCT allows to get identification of the areas with an increased risk of ischemia and provides a decisive quantitative assessment of cerebral hemodynamics changes to establish indications for surgical treatment.

Prolificacy is a very important trait in sheep. Romanov sheep, the well-known Russian sheep breed, are characterized by very high prolificacy; however, the genetic basis of this unique property of Romanov sheep is still unknown. It was reported that Ovine BMPR1B gene, located on the OAR6, is associated with prolificacy in several sheep breeds. The aim of our study was to identify candidate SNPs within BMPR1B gene, related to prolificacy. To achieve this goal, using NGS technology, we sequenced ovine BMPR1B gene in Romanov sheep (n = 6), which are characterized by high prolificacy (about 270 lambs per 100 ewes). The sequences of BMPR1B gene of Noire du Velay, Tan, Southdown and Australian Horned Merino sheep breeds as well as Asiatic mouflon (n = 1), which are characterized by significantly lower prolificacy (from 110 to 180 lambs per 100 ewes) were derived from publicly available sources and used for comparison. FST analysis performed in PLINK 1.9 program revealed 10 SNPs with values higher than 0.8. The majority of candidate SNPs under putative selection were localized in the region from 29,382,098 to 29,430,387 on OAR6 of Ovine reference genome (Oar_v3.1 (Ensembl release 98). Thus, we can suggest, that this region of the BMPR1B gene can be considered as the putative region, associated with high prolificacy of Romanov sheep. Additional studies will be needed to confirm the effect of identified candidate SNPs on prolificacy traits. The research results will be useful for artificial selection of sheep with higher prolific capacity, including the introduction of desired alleles in sheep populations using genome editing technologies. This work was supported by the Russian Ministry of Science and Higher Education No. 0445-2019-0024 and RFBR No. 20-516-56002.

Simple Summary DNA molecular techniques, including multiple microsatellite analysis and genome-wide SNP-genotyping, were used to unlock and prove the poaching of wild goats (Capra caucasica) in an area of the Caucasian mountains in Russia. Abstract Poaching is one of the major types of wildlife crime in Russia. Remnants of goats (presumably the wild endemic species, the Caucasian tur) were found in an area of the Caucasian mountains. The case study involves a suspected poacher whose vehicle was found to have two duffel bags containing pieces of a carcass, which he claimed was that of a goat from his flock. The aim of the forensic genetic analysis for this case was to (i) establish individual identity and (ii) perform species identification. DNA typing based on fourteen microsatellites revealed that STR-genotypes generated from pieces of evidence found at crime scene fully matched those obtained from the evidence seized from the suspect. The results of genome-wide SNP-genotyping, using Illumina Goat SNP50 BeadChip, provided evidence that the poached animal was a wild Caucasian tur (Capra caucasica). Thus, based on comprehensive molecular genetic analysis, evidence of poaching was obtained and sent to local authorities. To our knowledge, this case study is the first to attempt to use DNA chips in wildlife forensics of ungulates.

При ведении селекционной работы важно учитывать степень инбридинга в популяции, чтобы избежать перехода летальных и полулетальных рецессивных аллелей в гомозиготное состояние и проявления инбредной депрессии. Широко применяемая оценка только на основе информации из родословной животного не всегда является корректной. Расчет показателей инбридинга на основании полногеномных данных позволяет оценить степень гетерозиготности как в целом в популяции, так и у каждой особи в отдельности. Целью работы было проведение геномной оценки инбридинга в популяциях крупного рогатого скота холмогорской, ярославской и голштинской пород с использованием двух методов расчета sMLH и F(ROH). Выполнен анализ полногеномных SNP-профилей (SNP однонуклеотидный полиморфизм) животных вышеуказанных пород. Обработку данных, расчеты и визуализацию результатов проводили в программах PLINK 1.9, Admixture 1.3 и R пакетах pophelper, detectRUNS, inbreedR, ggplot2. После проведения контроля качества для исследований были отобраны 36837 SNP. Кластерный анализ показал четкую дифференциацию обеих российских пород как друг от друга, так и от голштинской. Наибольшими средними значениями коэффициента инбридинга F(ROH) (0,1260,005) и мультилокусной гетерозиготности sMLH (1,0180,006) отличались животные голштинской породы. Это объясняется эффектом смещения выборки при генотипировании из-за особенностей дизайна чипа. Оценка степени инбредности популяций с помощью полногеномного анализа SNP целесообразна при учете дизайна чипа, на котором было проведено генотипирование.The inbreeding level in a population should be taken into account in the framework of breeding programs in order to avoid the transition of lethal and semi-lethal recessive alleles into a homozygous state and resulting in inbreeding depression. The assessment of inbreeding level based only on the information from pedigree is not always correct. Calculation of inbreeding indices based on genome-wide data allows evaluation of the heterozygosity degree both individually and population-wise. The work was aimed at conducting the genomic assessment of inbreeding in cattle populations of the Kholmogor, Yaroslavl and Holstein breeds using two methods sMLH and F(ROH). We performed the genome-wide SNP analysis (SNP single nucleotide polymorphism) of individuals of the above listed breeds. Data processing, calculations and visualization of the results were carried out in the programs PLINK 1.9, Admixture 1.3 and R packages pophelper, detectRUNS, inbreedR, ggplot2. After quality control, 36837 SNPs were selected for the analyses. Cluster analysis showed a clear differentiation of the Russian breeds both from each other and from Holstein. The highest average values of the inbreeding coefficient F(ROH) (0,1260,005) and sMLH (1,0180,006) were observed in Holstein animals. It can be caused by the ascertainment bias due to the design features of the chip. Therefore the assessment of the inbreeding degree in populations using the whole-genome SNP analysis is advisable when taking into account the chip design.

Currently, the intraspecific taxonomy of snow sheep (Ovis nivicola) is controversial and needs to be specified using DNA molecular genetic markers. In our previous work using whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis, we found that the population inhabiting Kharaulakh Ridge was genetically different from the other populations of Yakut subspecies to which it was usually referred. Here, our study was aimed at the clarification of taxonomic status of Kharaulakh snow sheep using mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. A total of 87 specimens from five different geographic locations of Yakut snow sheep as well as 20 specimens of other recognized subspecies were included in this study. We identified 19 haplotypes, two of which belonged to the population from Kharaulakh Ridge. Median-joining network and Bayesian tree analyses revealed that Kharaulakh population clustered separately from all the other Yakut snow sheep. The divergence time between Kharaulakh population and Yakut snow sheep was estimated as 0.48 ± 0.19 MYA. Thus, the study of the mtDNA cytb sequences confirmed the results of genome-wide SNP analysis. Taking into account the high degree of divergence of Kharaulakh snow sheep from other groups, identified by both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA markers, we propose to classify the Kharaulakh population as a separate subspecies.

Currently, the intraspecific taxonomy of snow sheep (Ovis nivicola) is controversial and needs to be specified using DNA molecular genetic markers. In our previous work using whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis, we found that the population inhabiting Kharaulakh Ridge was genetically different from the other populations of Yakut subspecies to which it was usually referred. Here, our study was aimed at the clarification of taxonomic status of Kharaulakh snow sheep using mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. A total of 87 specimens from five different geographic locations of Yakut snow sheep as well as 20 specimens of other recognized subspecies were included in this study. We identified 19 haplotypes, two of which belonged to the population from Kharaulakh Ridge. Median-joining network and Bayesian tree analyses revealed that Kharaulakh population clustered separately from all the other Yakut snow sheep. The divergence time between Kharaulakh population and Yakut snow sheep was estimated as 0.48 ± 0.19 MYA. Thus, the study of the mtDNA cytb sequences confirmed the results of genome-wide SNP analysis. Taking into account the high degree of divergence of Kharaulakh snow sheep from other groups, identified by both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA markers, we propose to classify the Kharaulakh population as a separate subspecies.

Наведене клінічне спостереження хірургічного лікування кавернозної мальформації дорзальних відділів моста мозку зліва із застосуванням інтраопераційного нейрофізіологічного моніторингу (ІОНМ) становить науково-прикладний інтерес. ІОНМ є відносно новим діагностичним перспективним, але найменш вивченим напрямом у системі нейрофізіологічного забезпечення високотехнологічної нейрохірургічної допомоги в Україні. Детально проаналізовано клінічні особливості, результати клініко-інструментальних методів обстеження і хід операції. Для моніторингу застосовували систему ISIS IOНM (Inomed, Німеччина). Представлений клінічний випадок демонструє, що застосування мультимодального ІОНМ дає змогу ідентифікувати в режимі реального часу більшість структур центральної нервової системи, розташованих у зоні ризику хірургічного втручання, запобігти їх ушкодженню та розвитку післяопераційного неврологічного дефіциту і знизити ризик інвалідності. Чинник, який забезпечує успішність ІОНМ – конструктивна взаємодія нейрохірургів, нейрофізіологів і анестезіологів., Приведенное клиническое наблюдение хирургического лечения кавернозной мальформации дорзальных отделов моста мозга слева с применением интраоперационного нейрофизиологического мониторинга (ИОНМ) представляет научно-прикладной интерес. ИОНМ является относительно новым диагностическим перспективным, но наименее изученным направлением в системе нейрофизиологического обеспечения высокотехнологичной нейрохирургической помощи в Украине. Детально проанализированы клинические особенности, результаты клинико-инструментальных методов обследования и ход операции. Для мониторинга применяли систему ISIS IOНM (Inomed, Германия). Представленный клинический случай демонстрирует, что применение мультимодального ИОНМ позволяет идентифицировать в режиме реального времени большинство структур центральной нервной системы, расположенных в зоне риска хирургического вмешательства, предотвратить их повреждение и развитие послеоперационного неврологического дефицита, снизить риск инвалидности. Фактор, обеспечивающий успешность ИОНМ –конструктивное взаимодействие нейрохирургов, нейрофизиологов и анестезиологов., The presented clinical observation of surgical treatment of cavernous malformation of the left dorsal part of pons using the intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) is of scientific and applied interest. IONM is a relatively new diagnostic and at the same time the least studied direction in the system of neurophysiological support in high-tech neurosurgical care in Ukraine. The clinical manifestations, the results of clinical and instrumental methods of examination, and the course of the operation are analyzed in detail. The ISIS IONM system (Inomed, Germany) was used for monitoring. This case demonstrates that the use of multimodal IONM allows you to identify in real time most of the structures of the central nervous system that are at risk of surgery and prevent their damage. This makes it possible to prevent the development of postoperative neurological deficits and reduce the risk of disability in patients. The factor that ensures the success of IONM is the constructive interaction of neurosurgeons, neurophysiologists, and anesthesiologist.

To predict species responses to anthropogenic disturbances and climate change, it is reasonable to use species with high sensitivity to such factors. Snow sheep (Ovis nivicola) could represent a good candidate for this; as the only large herbivore species adapted to the cold and alpine habitats of northeastern Siberia, it plays a crucial role in its ecosystem. Despite having an extensive geographical distribution among all ovine species, it is one of the least studied. In this study, we sequenced and analysed six genomes of snow sheep in combination with all other wild sheep species to infer key aspects of their evolutionary history and unveil the genetic basis of their adaptation to subarctic environments. Despite their large census population size, snow sheep genomes showed remarkably low heterozygosity, which could reflect the effect of isolation and historical bottlenecks that we inferred using the pairwise sequential Markovian coalescent and runs of homozygosity. F4 -statistics indicated instances of introgression involving snow sheep with argali (Ovis ammon) and Dall (Ovis dalli) sheep, suggesting that these species might have been more widespread during the Pleistocene. Furthermore, the introgressed segments, which were identified using mainly minimum relative node depth, covered genes associated with immunity, adipogenesis and morphology-related traits, representing potential targets of adaptive introgression. Genes related to mitochondrial functions and thermogenesis associated with adipose tissue were identified to be under selection. Overall, our data suggest introgression as a mechanism facilitating adaptation in wild sheep species and provide insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying cold adaptation in snow sheep.

Conservation of local cattle genetic resources is an important strategy for achieving Russia’s food security. During last decades, in the Russian Federation, local livestock populations were either crossbred or replaced by highly productive imported breeds, which led to a loss of the major part of original breeds identities. The objective of our study was to identify genetic differences between the populations of Kholmogor and Black-and-white cattle with varying degrees of admixture with the Holstein breed. The aforementioned breeds were studied using their whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes. The Kholmogor breed was subdivided into three groups: purebred (KHLM, n = 3), admixed with Holsteins (KHLM-HLST, n = 4) and representatives of old-type breed (KHLM-INTA, n = 15). Blackand-white was subdivided into four groups: purebred (BLWT, n = 9), with a low (BLWT-75, n = 8) and a high (BLWT-HLST, n = 10) level of admixture with Holstein, and represented by archival samples from the 1970s and 1980s (BLWT-OLD, n = 15). The Holsteins genetic profiles (HLST, n = 27) were taken as a comparison group. PLINK 1.07, Admixture 1.3, SplitsTree 4.14.6 and R package StAMPP were used to infer genetic relationship between the studied groups. After quality control, 29 688 SNPs were selected for analysis. Multidimensional scaling (MDS), Admixture analysis and a dendrogram constructed using the Neighbor-Net method, revealed the presence of three clusters belonging to the Kholmogor, Black-and-white and Holstein breeds. The first one included KHLM and KHLM-INTA, the second – BLWT and BLWT-OLD, and the third – HLST, KHLM-HLST and BLWT-HLST. The BLWT-75 samples were placed between HLST and BLWT. Thus, our results showed that currently the populations of native cattle breeds with valuable genotypes still exist. The populations with a high level of admixture with Holsteins could be considered neither as the Kholmogor nor as Blackand-white breeds, and would rather be referred as the Holstein breed of local breeding.

Sheep are a main livestock species of Kyrgyzstan, a Central Asian country with predominating mountain terrain. The current gene pool of local sheep resources has been forming under diverse climate conditions from the era of the trading caravans of the Great Silk Road, through the Soviet period of large-scale livestock improvements, which was followed by the deep crisis at the end of the 20th century, up to now. However, not much is known about the genetic background and variability of the local sheep populations. Therefore, our aims were to provide a characterization of the population structure and genetic relations within the Kyrgyz sheep breeds and to study their genetic connections with the global sheep breeds using SNP analysis. Samples of the Alai (n = 31), Gissar (n = 30), Kyrgyz coarse wool (n = 13), Aykol (n = 31), and Tien-Shan (n = 24) breeds were genotyped with the OvineSNP50 BeadChip or the Ovine Infinium HD BeadChip (Illumina Inc., USA). The measure of inbreeding based on runs of homozygosity showed a minimum value in the Aykol breed (FROH = 0.034), while the maximum was found in the Alai breed (FROH = 0.071). Short ROH segments (ROH ≤ 4 Mb) were predominant in all breeds. Long ROH segments (ROH > 16 Mb) were absent in the Gissar breed. The Gissar and Aykol breeds had the highest values of the effective population sizes estimated for five generations ago (Ne5 = 660 and 563), whereas the Alai and Kyrgyz coarse wool displayed lower values (Ne5 = 176 and 128, respectively). The synthetic origin of the Aykol breed was clearly evidenced by all analyses applied. Based on the network and admixture analyses of the Kyrgyz and global sheep breeds, the Tien-Shan and the Russian semi-fine wool breeds demonstrated a common ancestry that most likely is due to a contribution of the Lincoln breed. The Gissar, Aykol, and Kyrgyz coarse wool breeds showed a genetic background predominating in sheep populations from Iran and China whereas the Alai demonstrated the different ancestry type. The revealed admixture patterns probably resulted from the exchange and trade during the era of the Great Silk Road, which partly overlapped with historical and archeological findings.

The article is dedicated to studying the concept of sustainable development as a new paradigm of development of humanity. The genesis of the evolution of the views of scientists on the goals, essence, and problems of the introduction of this concept are considered. The interpretation of the concept of “sustainable development” by scientists and practitioners is analyzed, and the main approaches to understanding its essence are grouped. The basic principles of sustainable development are singled out. The main approaches to assessing sustainable development of socio-economic systems at different levels, their content, goals, and features of application are investigated. The views of scientists on the path to achieving sustainable development are considered, and the key discussion aspects in solving this problem are identified. It is shown that the concept of sustainable development has undergone a long evolution and continues to develop in accordance with new global challenges. Sustainable development is associated with the formation of a fundamentally new attitude towards man: on the one hand, as a subject of the ecological and economic system, on the other hand, as the main goal of its development. It is substantiated that the transition to sustainable development on a global scale is possible only with the obligatory condition of coherence of all objects and subjects of this process, which is systemic in nature and connects all levels of the socio-economic system (the global, national, regional, local one) and various spheres of its functioning (the economic, social, ecological one).

The article describes the impact of the targeted therapy with colloid and crystalloid infusion solutions on renal function and fluid balance during the surgery and early post-surgery period in the patients who underwent aortocoronary bypass under cardio-pulmonary bypass. No differences have been found in the frequency of acute renal lesion as per AKI and the need in the substitution renal therapy. During one stage of the study the lower rates of urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin have been observed in the group of crystalloids. The lack of confident differences in the clinical course of the post-surgery period makes the use of the balanced crystalloid solution more preferable compared to colloid solutions.

Poaching is one of the major types of wildlife crime in Russia. Remnants of goats (presumably the wild endemic species, the Caucasian tur) were found in an area of the Caucasian mountains. The case study involves a suspected poacher whose vehicle was found to have two duffel bags containing pieces of a carcass, which he claimed was that of a goat from his flock. The aim of the forensic genetic analysis for this case was to (i) establish individual identity and (ii) perform species identification. DNA typing based on fourteen microsatellites revealed that STR-genotypes generated from pieces of evidence found at crime scene fully matched those obtained from the evidence seized from the suspect. The results of genome-wide SNP-genotyping, using Illumina Goat SNP50 BeadChip, provided evidence that the poached animal was a wild Caucasian tur (Capra caucasica). Thus, based on comprehensive molecular genetic analysis, evidence of poaching was obtained and sent to local authorities. To our knowledge, this case study is the first to attempt to use DNA chips in wildlife forensics of ungulates.

We present a 4-year-old female diagnosed with very-early onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEO-IBD), ulcerative colitis type, and overlap syndrome based on clinical presentation, blood and stool studies, diagnostic endoscopies and liver biopsy. Her clinical course was complicated by pervasive psychological stressors, non-compliance with medical therapy, and frequent provider changes. Initial treatment included Prednisone, 6-mercaptopurine and Ursodiol. Treatment was escalated to include multiple biological agents which were stopped prematurely due to non-adherence. She developed weight loss and growth stunting, necessitating exclusive enteral nutrition and then parenteral nutrition. Due to medically refractory disease, she underwent a total colectomy with end ileostomy at the age of 13. Pathology revealed stage III colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRC) with lymph node involvement and transmural inflammation diagnostic of Crohn’s disease (CD). Genetic testing of the resected colon noted a missense mutation of TP53. Our patient completed 6 cycles of extensive and targeted chemotherapy with no evidence of disease reccurrence. She recently underwent ileal pouch-anal anastomosis and creation of a diverting ileostomy. CRC is exceedingly rare in pediatric IBD (PIBD) patients, with less than 30 reported cases in the available literature1. Most cases occurred in males and patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), where the risk of developing CRC is four times greater2. The risk of CRC increases with disease duration, with most PIBD patients developing CRC at 25 years of age1. Interestingly, mutations in TP53, a tumour suppressor gene, have been found to occur more frequently in patients with IBD-CRC compared to those with sporadic-CRC or IBD without dysplasia3. Mutations in TP53 may not only increase a patients general susceptibility to CRC but may also accelerate its development by contributing to excessive inflammation4. Our patient’s treatment refractory clinical course and transition in IBD diagnosis from UC to CD highlights the complexity of VEO-IBD management. While rare in pediatric patients, the development of CRC is a life-threatening risk and it should be considered in patients with prolonged and severely refractory IBD with concomitant autoimmune liver disease. Our patient’s young age at the time of CRC diagnosis emphasizes the need for vigilant yearly endoscopic screening and development of pediatric guidelines for dysplasia monitoring in this high risk population. Further research is needed to evaluate the role of genetic variant screening in CRC risk stratification. References: 1. Aardoom MA, et al. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2018;24(4):732–741. 2. Soetikno RM, et al. Gastrointest Endosc. 2002;56(1):48–54. 3. Yaeger R, et al. Gastroenterology. 2016;151(2):278–287. 4. Cooks T, et al. Cancer Cell. 2013;23(5):634–46.

The purpose of this study is to assess changes in the rates of acid-base balance in adult cardiac surgery patients with acquired cardiac defects who were operated using hypo- and normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. Materials and Methods: 140 patients who had surgical treatment of acquired cardiac defects with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass were randomly divided into two similar groups with the use of hypothermic and normothermic cardiopulmonary(31-32˚С and > 36˚С). The rates of acid-base balance were evaluated during peri-operation and post-surgery stages as well as morbidity and mortality during the hospital stage. Results. The patients who had surgery with the use of hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass, had the level of РаO2 statistically lower one day after surgery compared to the patients who had surgery with normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. When analyzing the post surgery period with the use of hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass the duration of artificial pulmonary ventilation was significantly lower compared to the group who had normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. However it made no impact on duration of stay in the wards for post-surgery follow-up, general duration of hospital stay, frequency of complications and hospital mortality. Conclusion. The results of study demonstrated no statistically significant differences in the rate of acid-base balance in patients who had surgery with normothermic and hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. Moreover the changes in acid-base balance in both groups during surgery and post-surgery periods did not go beyond the normal values which indicates the adequate protection of the host from surgery aggression factors.

Goal of the study: to identify the predictors of continuous hospital stay in adult patients with acquired valvular disease, operated with hypothermic and normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass due definitive repair of the disease. Materials and methods: 140 patients who had surgical treatment of acquired valvular disease with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass were randomly divided into two similar groups where hypothermic and normothermic cardiopulmonary bypasses were used. Peri-operative concentration of NT-proBNP, clinical course of the post-operative period, hospital morbidly and mortality were assessed. Results. No confident difference was observed in the changes of NT-proBNP in the groups, what could provide the evidence of the similar effects of both hypothermic and normothermic cardiopulmonary bypasses on integrative functional rates of cardiovascular system. However it was noted that increase of NT-proBNP plasma concentration during first 24 hours after the surgery, as well as age, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), maximum degree of chronic cardiac failure (CCF), duration of artificial pulmonary ventilation (APV), episodes of atrial fibrillation (AF) in the post-operative period were the predictors of continuous hospital stay Conclusion. The degree of the increase in post-operative level of NT-proBNP does not depend on the perfusion temperature. NT-proBNP plasma concentration during first 24 hours after the surgery, age, COPD, maximum degree of CCF, duration of APV, episodes of AF in the post-operative period are independent predictors of continuous hospital stay.

Karachaev goat (Capra hircus) is a local breed from North-Caucasus region, Russia. Here we present complete mitochondrial genome of Karachaev goat from the republic of Karachaevo-Cherkessia, Russia. The length of the studied sequence was 16,624 bp in size. It was shown that the studied specimen belonged to haplogroup A.

The article is devoted to the problem of calculating the stability of compressed rods taking into account their own weight. A resolving differential equation of the second and fourth order with respect to the dimensionless deflection is obtained. A technique for numerically analytical and numerical solution of the obtained equation using the finite difference method is proposed. As a result, the problem was reduced to a generalized eigenvalue problem. Comparison with the solution of other authors is given. The problem of determining the critical values for the rods is posed as the problem of finding the domain of these values depending on the boundary conditions and the coefficients α and .. The objective function is a converging power series with unknown coefficients. The solution of the prismatic rod stability problem is carried out in the MatLab environment. The values of α and ., for which the critical load takes a minimum value, are found. To test the methodology, a number of problems were solved and compared with known solutions. The proposed technique, in contrast to analytical solutions, allows solving the problem with arbitrary fixation of the ends of the rod. It is also suggested to take into account the length-varying stiffness and heterogeneity of the rod. Test problems showed good agreement with literature data. In the future, it is planned to develop a calculation method taking creep into account. The higher quality of the analytical solution is shown in comparison with the existing methods.

Small bowel obstruction in a pediatric patient following liver transplant often results from adhesions, hernias, or post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease. Here, we present an unusual and previously unreported entity - Roux-en-Y intussusception in an eight-yr-old female several years after liver transplantation. Although a rare complication, Roux-en-Y intussusception should be considered as a potential etiology in the patient presenting with bowel obstruction, with specific attention to acute presentation accompanying jaundice.

In this study, we present the first complete mitochondrial genomes of two species of the genus Ovis – snow sheep (Ovis nivicola) and thinhorn sheep (Ovis dalli). The mitochondrial genomes h...

The Holstein breed of cattle is the most common among all dairy cattle breeds in Russia. It is characterized by a higher milk production than any other native breed. Here we evaluate breed purity of Holstein bulls born in Russia (RUS, n=27) in comparison with animals imported from different countries: Germany (GER,n=5), Netherlands (NED,n=4), Denmark (DEN,n=3), Belarus (BEL,n=4) and Canada (CAN,n=4) using Illumina BovineSNP50 BeadChip. To examine the level of admixture with other breeds we added Black-and-White (BLWT,n=5), Kholmogor (KHLM,n=7) and Yaroslavl (YRSL,n=10) samples to our dataset. PLINK 1.07, SplitsTree 4.14.6, Admixture 1.3 software and R package “StAMPP” were used to infer genetic relationship between the studied groups. After quality control, 27689 SNPs were selected for further analyses. MDS analysis and Neighbor-Net showed that all the breeds formed their own clusters. Holstein bulls with different origin were assigned to one group. Significant pairwise Fst values between Holstein bulls for RUS ranged from 0.003 (BEL) to 0.012 (CAN). The lowest Fst values between Holstein and BLWT, KHLM, YRSL were observed for RUS and BEL - 0.109 and 0.097, 0.134 and 0.137, 0.120 and 0.112, respectively, and the highest for CAN - 0.145, 0.178, 0.149, respectively. Admixture analysis revealed the percentage of Holstein in RUS was 88.4%, in BEL – 75%, GER – 97.8%, NED – 98.2%, DEN – 95.8% and CAN – 98.5%. We found Black-and-White, Kholmogor and Yaroslavl ancestry in RUS and BEL at proportion of 7.8% and 15.8%, 1.6% and 3.9%, and 2.2% and 5.3%. Thus, our study showed that, Holstein bulls born in Russia are similar to the animals imported from Belarus and differ from the cattle imported from Germany, Netherlands, Denmark and Canada by the presence of Russian cattle specific component. This information will be valuable for genomic selection programs. Supported by FASO, №AAAA-A18-118021590134-3.

The work presents new expressions related to wave energy density and flux based on Stokes and cnoidal waves theories. It shows that as progressive waves of finite amplitude propagate a compensatory reverse flow is formed within the bottom fluid layers. The existence of such flow was experimentally confirmed. Modified mathematical models for surface waves over a non-uniform bottom and of a free plane configuration are suggested. A method of calculating the wave transformation and the currents in the surf zone is proposed. Computations made over a wide range of variations in wave parameters are presented.

The article considers consequences of the membership of Ukraine in the World Trade Organisation (WTO) for the engineering industry when co-operating with the EU and CU (Customs Union of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia) countries. It shows that, after Ukraine joined WTO, tariff rates for Ukrainian products reduced in general and liberalisation of access to the world market took place. Along with it, the internal market of Ukraine became more open for imported products. The article analyses the structure of export from Ukraine after joining WTO in the context of individual types of products. The article identifies changes that took place in the market of engineering products after Ukraine joined WTO. The article shows that by main indicators of economic security the engineering industry of Ukraine cannot be considered as stable and also that, after joining WTO, main indicators of economic security of the engineering industry of Ukraine have not improved. It analyses the structure of export and import of Ukrainian engineering products to EU, CU and other countries. It proves that the most topical for the Ukrainian engineering industry is the issue of realisation of the import-replacement potential and increase of competitiveness of domestic products. It considers the state and changes, which took place after Ukraine joined WTO, in car building. It identifies main problems of domestic car building. It analyses measures of the state programme of Ukraine on economic development.

The article is devoted of the most disputable and important problems of linguistics — interjections. İn the research the author studies the problems of interjections’ translation and determines important points and the most adequate ways of interjection translation from Turkish to Russian and from Russian to Turkish language.

The paper presents the results of a study aimed at developing a system dynamics model of sustainable development in the region. It is proved that the management of sustainable development in the region should be based on a reasonable forecast of the future. However, under current conditions, with a high level of instability, there are many possible futures. Therefore it was concluded that the modeling of regional development is appropriate to use a scenario approach, engendering possible scenarios. The paper proposed the development of a simulation (system dynamic) model of the Kharkiv region, which includes the following basic block: "Social services", "Budget", "Economy", "Investment", "Foreign Trade", "Innovation" and "Ecology". The article describes the structure of the blocks and provides flow diagrams and cause-effect relationships in them.В статье представлены результаты исследования, направленного на разработку системно-динамической модели устойчивого развития региона. Доказано, что управление устойчивым развитием региона должно базироваться на обоснованном прогнозе будущего. Однако в современных условиях, характеризующихся высоким уровнем нестабильности, существует множество возможных вариантов будущего, поэтому сделан вывод о том, что при моделировании регионального развития целесообразным является использование сценарного подхода, позволяющего сформировать возможные его сценарии. В статье предложена разработанная имитационная (системно-динамическая) модель развития Харьковской области, которая включает следующие укрупненные блоки: «Социальная сфера», «Бюджет», «Экономика», «Инвестирование», «Внешнеэкономическая деятельность», «Инновации» и «Экология». Рассмотрена структура блоков и приведены диаграммы потоков и причинно-следственных связей в них.

The article deals with the nature and characteristics of simulation for analyzing and forecasting the socio-economic development of the country. It is shown that the basis of such simulations are diagrams causality - cognitive map and study the problem on the basis of a cognitive map is through the distribution of the pulsed process. It was reviewed and analyzed a number of modern simulation (cognitive) models of regional development proposed in the scientific literature that demonstrate the use of this tool as the modeling of the dynamics of macroeconomic indicators and indicators of local economic and social development of the region. The basic advantages and disadvantages of the use of cognitive models in the modeling of macroeconomic and regional dynamics were defined.В статье рассматриваются сущность и особенности применения имитационного моделирования при анализе и прогнозировании социально-экономического развития регионов страны. Показано, что в основе такого моделирования лежат диаграммы причинно-следственных связей – когнитивные карты, и исследование проблемы на основе когнитивной карты происходит путем распространения импульсного процесса. Рассмотрен и проанализирован ряд современных имитационных (когнитивных) моделей регионального развития, предложенных в научной литературе, которые демонстрируют использование данного инструментария как при моделировании показателей макроэкономической динамики, так и локальных показателей социально-экономического развития региона. Выделены основные достоинства и недостатки применения когнитивных моделей в моделировании макроэкономического развития и региональной динамики.

The paper presents the results of a study aimed at developing a system dynamics model of sustainable development in the region. It is proved that the management of sustainable development in the region should be based on a reasonable forecast of the future. However, under current conditions, with a high level of instability, there are many possible futures. Therefore it was concluded that the modeling of regional development is appropriate to use a scenario approach, engendering possible scenarios. The paper proposed the development of a simulation (system dynamic) model of the Kharkiv region, which includes the following basic block: \"Social services\", \"Budget\", \"Economy\", \"Investment\", \"Foreign Trade\", \"Innovation\" and \"Ecology\". The article describes the structure of the blocks and provides flow diagrams and cause-effect relationships in them.

The article deals with the nature and characteristics of simulation for analyzing and forecasting the socio-economic development of the country. It is shown that the basis of such simulations are diagrams causality - cognitive map and study the problem on the basis of a cognitive map is through the distribution of the pulsed process. It was reviewed and analyzed a number of modern simulation (cognitive) models of regional development proposed in the scientific literature that demonstrate the use of this tool as the modeling of the dynamics of macroeconomic indicators and indicators of local economic and social development of the region. The basic advantages and disadvantages of the use of cognitive models in the modeling of macroeconomic and regional dynamics were defined.

The article considers specific features of scenario approach in formation of the company’s development strategy. The essence of this approach and its advantages when solving problems of strategic planning are analyzed. A comparative characteristic of basic prerequisites of the scenario approach and traditional strategic planning is given. Characteristics of the scenario approach and mechanism of execution of scenario planning are considered.В статье рассматриваются особенности применения сценарного подхода при формировании стратегии развития компании. Проанализирована суть данного подхода и его преимущества при решении проблем стратегического планирования. Приведена сравнительная характеристика базовых предпосылок сценарного подхода и традиционного стратегического планирования. Рассмотрены характеристики сценарного подхода и механизм осуществления сценарного планирования.

The article considers specific features of scenario approach in formation of the company's development strategy. The essence of this approach and its advantages when solving problems of strategic planning are analyzed. A comparative characteristic of basic prerequisites of the scenario approach and traditional strategic planning is given. Characteristics of the scenario approach and mechanism of execution of scenario planning are considered.

The article analyses the legislation and practice of making out and realization of development strategies of Ukraine and its regions. It defines the existing problems as to realization of these processes and also directions of their solution.В статье анализируется законодательство и практика составления и реализации стратегий развития Украины и ее регионов. Определяются существующие проблемы по осуществлению этих процессов, а также направления их решения.

In article the problematics of a sustainable development of the countries of the world and their regions is analyzed. The concept of a sustainable development which is based on idea is offered that quality of life of people and a society condition are under the influence of set of economic, social and ecological factors. The concept of steady ecological development of region is offered. On the basis of the given concept the estimation is spent and the purposes of steady ecological development of the Kharkiv area are generated.В статье анализируется проблематика устойчивого развития стран мира и их регионов. Предлагается концепция устойчивого развития, базирующаяся на идее о том, что качество жизни людей и состояние общества находятся под влиянием совокупности экономических, социальных и экологических факторов. Предлагается концепция устойчивого экологического развития региона. На основании данной концепции проведена оценка и сформированы цели устойчивого экологического развития Харьковской области.

In article the problematics of a sustainable development of the countries of the world and their regions is analyzed. The concept of a sustainable development which is based on idea is offered that quality of life of people and a society condition are under the influence of set of economic, social and ecological factors. The concept of steady ecological development of region is offered. On the basis of the given concept the estimation is spent and the purposes of steady ecological development of the Kharkiv area are generated.