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Proceeding of 2023 IEEE 16th International Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation (ICST 2023), 16-20 April 2023, Dublin, Ireland. Modern web applications are complex and used for tasks of primary importance, so their quality must be guaranteed at the highest levels. For this reason, testing techniques (e.g., end-to-end) are required to validate the overall behavior of web applications. One of the most popular tools for testing web applications is Selenium WebDriver. Selenium WebDriver automates the browser to mimic real user actions on the web.While Selenium has made testing easier for many Teams worldwide, it still has its share of challenges. To better understand the challenges and the corresponding solutions adopted we decided to undertake a personal opinion survey from the industry (in total with 78 highly skilled participants) with a focus on the Selenium ecosystem.The results allow understanding which challenges are consid-ered more relevant by professionals in their daily practice and which are the techniques, approaches, and tools they adopt to face them. Therefore, this study is useful to (1) practitioners interested in understanding how to solve the problems they face every day and (2) researchers interested in proposing innovative solutions to problems having a solid industrial impact. This work was partially supported in part by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación-Agencia Estatal de Investigación (10.13039/501100011033) through the H2O Learn project under Grant PID2020-112584RB-C31, and in part by the Madrid Regional Government through the e-Madrid-CM Project under Grant S2018/TCS-4307.

Otomatik yazılım testi, manuel yazılım testi ile karşılaştırıldığında kritik avantajlara sahiptir. Selenium test aracı, uzmanların web uygulamalarını ya da web sitelerini otomatik olarak test etmek için kullandığı test araçlarından biridir. Bu test aracı, Selenium IDE, Selenium RC, Selenium WebDriver ve Selenium Grid olmak üzere 4 yazılım bileşeninden oluşur. Bu makalenin temel amacı, Selenium WebDriver’ı kullanarak birden fazla tarayıcıda web sitesi testi için önerilen bir modeli uygulamaktır. Selenium WebDriver, bir web tarayıcısının eylemlerini yönetmek için gereklidir. Selenium WebDriver ile ilgili web tarayıcıları (chrome, edge, firefox) arasında köprü kurmak için sürücülere ihtiyaç vardır. Modelin diğer bileşenleri Python, Unittest ve PyCharm bileşenleridir. PyCharm, test senaryosu komutlarını yazma editörü olarak kullanılmıştır. İlgili web sitesine bir olumlu ve bir olumsuz senaryo uygulanmıştır. 3 tarayıcıdaki otomatik test senaryolarının sonuçları PyCharm ekranında raporlanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, otomatik test sonuçları manuel test sonuçları tarafından desteklendiğinden önerilen modelin doğrulaması gerçekleşmiştir., Automated software testing has critical advantages when compared with manual software testing. Selenium test tool is one of test tools that specialists use to test web applications or websites automatically. This test tool consists of 4 software components, i.e., Selenium IDE, Selenium RC, Selenium WebDriver and Selenium Grid. The main purpose of this article is to implement a proposed model for cross-browser website testing by using Selenium WebDriver. Selenium WebDriver is required to manage actions of a web browser. Drivers are needed to make a bridge between Selenium WebDriver and the relevant web browsers (chrome, edge, firefox). Other components of the model were Python, Unittest as a test framework and PyCharm. PyCharm was used as an editor to write test scripts. One positive scenario and one negative scenario were applied to the relevant website. The results of automated test scenarios in 3 browsers were reported on the PyCharm screen. As a result, the model was validated because automated test results have been supported by manual test results.

Об’єктом дослідження є інструментарій та методи написання скриптів автоматизації тестування веб-додатків. Значимість роботи пов’язана з високим попитом на написання скриптів тестування веб- систем, оскільки мануальне тестування займає дуже великий обсяг часу і відповідно витрати бюджету. В даній роботі було проведене дослідження підходів та методів написання скриптів автоматизації тестування веб-застосунків, застосування інструментів Selenium WebDriver, TestNG та Allure у автоматизації веб-тестування, та розроблений приклад фреймворку на основі перерахованих інструментів. Результат виконання даної роботи може бути використаний в якості керування для швидкого введення автоматизації веб-тестування на проекті. Загальний об’єм роботи: 165 с., 36 рисунків, 13 таблиць, посилання на 25 літературних джерел. The Objectives for this thesis is exploring the tools and methods for the development of test-automation scripts for web-application QA. Importance of the thesis is attributable to increased demand for developing test-automation scripts due to overall time-consumption and resulting high cost of manual testing. In this thesis were explored the approaches and methods of developing test-automation scripts for web application testing, the use of Selenium WebDriver, TestNG and Allure tools in web testing automation, and developed an example of a framework based on these tools. The result of this work can be used as a basis for the deployment of web testing automation on the project. The paper contains: 165 p., 36 figures, 13 tables, 25 references.

Автоматизация тестирования позволяет значительно сократить затраты компаний-разработчиков, сэкономить время и ресурсы, расходуемые на тестирование, снизить риск выпуска на рынок некачественного продукта. В данной статье рассматриваются инструменты тестирования веб-приложений, при котором происходит подробная эмуляция пользовательской среды. Приводится сравнение Selenium WebDriver, Puppeteer и Playwright по нескольким критериям.

В рамках данной статьи освещается процесс внедрения системы управления тестовыми данными в действующий проект по автоматизации тестирования. Проведен анализ существующих подходов к организации управления тестовыми данными, а также предложена методика, которая позволила добиться независимости тестов друг от друга по данным, что в конечном итоге дало возможность развернуть систему параллельного запуска автоматизированных тестов. В качестве объекта исследования выступил проект по автоматизации тестов пользовательского интерфейса веб-приложения в связке с языком программирования Java., This article highlights the process of implementing a test data management system in an existing test automation project. An analysis of existing approaches to the organization of test data management was carried out, and a methodology was proposed that allowed to achieve independence of tests from each other in terms of data, which eventually made it possible to deploy a system of running automated tests in parallel. The object of research was a project to automate tests of the user interface of a Web-application in conjunction with the Java programming language.

Магистерская диссертация выполнена на 99 страницах, содержащих 18 иллюстраций и 24 таблицы. При подготовке диссертации использована литература из 35 источников. Актуальность темы Теперь клиентоориентированные компании стремятся завоевать внимание конечных пользователей, построить проактивные отношения с клиентами и сделать их адвокатами своих брендов. Одной из эффективных технологических платформ, помогающих улучшить процесс управления клиентами, укрепить позиции на рынке и добиться нужных бизнес-целей, является СRM-система. C ростом уровня технологичности решений на рынке стало очевидно, что даже одна программная ошибка может повлечь за собой масштабные негативные последствия. Например, неисправленные дефекты нередко затрагивают такую жизненно необходимую сферу бизнеса, как финансы и влияют на коэффициент рентабельности инвестиций (ROI), вызывают перерасход средств бюджета и даже потерю доли на рынке. Обеспечить качество CRM-системы возможно только посредством постоянного контроля нас системой. Одним из таких решений является автоматизированное тестирование программного обеспечения. Цели и задачи исследования Целью данной работы является имплементация платформы для создания тестовых сценариев для системы CRM Salesforce, которая позволяет повысить эффективность тестирования CRM. А также анализ применения созданной платформы для других систем CRM. Решение поставленных задач и достигнутые результаты В ходе работы были рассмотрены основы теории тестирования программных систем, особенности автоматизированного тестирования, современные инструменты для разработки платформ автоматизации тестирования. Реализована программная платформа, позволяющая создавать тестовые сценарии для графического интерфейса CRM-систем, реализована интергация с системами Jenkins, TestRail для эффективного анализа результатов тестирования. Предмет исследований Программные платформы для создания тестовых сценариев для контроля стабильной работы систем CRM. Теоретическая ценность работы Теоретическая ценность работы это разработка рекомендаций по созданию собственного фреймворка для автоматизации тестирования CRM систем. Практическое значение полученных результатов В результате выполнения дипломной работы был создан фреймворк генерации тестовых сценариев, имплементированы базовые тестовые сценарии для демонстрации разработанной архитектуры, реализуемо удаленный запуск и мониторинг прохождения тестов с помощью Jenkins, и интеграция Jenkins и TestRail. The master's thesis is made on 99 pages containing 18 illustrations and 24 tables. When preparing the dissertation, literature from 35 sources was used. Relevance of the topic Now, customer-centric companies are looking to capture the attention of end users, build proactive customer relationships, and make them advocates for their brands. One of the effective technology platforms that help improve the customer management process, strengthen the market position and achieve the desired business goals is the CRM system. With the growth of the level of manufacturability of solutions on the market, it became obvious that even one software error can lead to large-scale negative consequences. For example, uncorrected defects often affect vital business areas such as finance and affect your return on investment (ROI), cost overruns, and even lose market share. Ensuring the quality of a CRM-system is possible only through constant control of us by the system. One such solution is automated software testing. Research goals and objectives The purpose of this work is to implement a platform for creating test scripts for the Salesforce CRM system, which allows you to increase the efficiency of CRM testing. And also an analysis of the application of the created platform for other CRM systems. The solution of the tasks and the results achieved In the course of the work, the basics of the theory of testing software systems, features of automated testing, modern tools for developing test automation platforms were considered. A software platform has been implemented that allows you to create test scripts for the graphical interface of CRM systems, integration with Jenkins and TestRail systems has been implemented for effective analysis of test results. Research subject Software platforms for creating test scripts to control the stable operation of CRM systems. The theoretical value of the work The theoretical value of the work is the development of recommendations for creating your own framework for automating testing of CRM systems. The practical significance of the results obtained As a result of the thesis, a framework for generating test scripts was created, basic test scripts were implemented to demonstrate the developed architecture, remote launching and monitoring of test passing using Jenkins was implemented, and the integration of Jenkins and TestRail.

Selenium WebDriver is a framework used to control web browsers automatically. It provides a cross-browser Application Programming Interface (API) for different languages (e.g., Java, Python, or JavaScript) that allows automatic navigation, user impersonation, and verification of web applications. Internally, Selenium WebDriver makes use of the native automation support of each browser. Hence, a platform-dependent binary file (the so-called driver) must be placed between the Selenium WebDriver script and the browser to support this native communication. The management (i.e., download, setup, and maintenance) of these drivers is cumbersome for practitioners. This paper provides a complete methodology to automate this management process. Particularly, we present WebDriverManager, the reference tool implementing this methodology. WebDriverManager provides different execution methods: as a Java dependency, as a Command-Line Interface (CLI) tool, as a server, as a Docker container, and as a Java agent. To provide empirical validation of the proposed approach, we surveyed the WebDriverManager users. The aim of this study is twofold. First, we assessed the extent to which WebDriverManager is adopted and used. Second, we evaluated the WebDriverManager API following Clarke’s usability dimensions. A total of 148 participants worldwide completed this survey in 2020. The results show a remarkable assessment of the automation capabilities and API usability of WebDriverManager by Java users, but a scarce adoption for other languages. This work has been been supported in part by the "Análisis en tiempo Real de sensores sociALes y EStimación de recursos para transporte multimodal basada en aprendizaje profundo" project (MaGIST-RALES), funded by the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI, doi 10.13039/501100011033) under grant PID2019-105221RB-C44. This work also received partial support from FEDER/Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades - Agencia Estatal de Investigación through project Smartlet (TIN2017-85179-C3-1-R), and from the eMadrid Network, which is funded by the Madrid Regional Government (Comunidad de Madrid) with grant No. S2018/TCS-4307.

Web-scraping is a process of extracting data from web-pages on the Internet by automating web-sites requests. Importance of web-scraping is increased with developing of the Internet. And more than half of Internet traffic (except for streaming, i.e. audio and video) is created by automated means, so-called bots. TThe article is devoted to the study of the process of web-scraping and the problem of blocking web scrapers on the Internet. We consider the basic principles and concepts of web scraping process and classification of web scrapers. A review of existing web-scraping solutions is carried out, highlighting the main advantages and disadvantages of web-scraping bypassing locks. The reasons for blocking web scrapers by websites are considered, highlighting the signs by which websites determine and block web scrapers. We investigate techniques for bypassing web-scraper locks and their impact on the web-scraping process. A program developed in the Python programming language that uses techniques to bypass web-scrapper locks is proposed. The program has a graphical interface developed using the Tkinter framework to create a web-scraping policy. Web scrapers bypassing blocking techniques use an open source framework to automate user actions in the Selenium WebDriver browser. A comparative analysis of the work of web scrapers showed that the use of the modules created in the work allows you to bypass the blocking of web scraping.

Automation testing tool is evolving field which provide maximum benefits to the software market by minimalizing efforts as well as cost for testing a software. In today's word, there are numerous programming languages namely Java, python, Ruby, C++ etc. and rare automated testing tools which works on most of languages. So selenium brings all these common language to the market. Now a tester can opt any of these languages to work with. There are a lot more features of selenium which makes it comfortable for tester to execute a test cross such as it supports multiple platforms and browsers. Selenium is one such tool which is an open source so it’s easy to install and even cost effective tool. There are many review papers regarding automation tools and selenium but none was able to provide all the specified features of selenium, which is an open source so its demand in market is very high from the time it was developed. The basic goal of this review Paper is to provide a brief knowledge of the automation testing tool which becomes a crucial part of the institutions, organizations and industries such as e-commerce, travel, biotech, pharmaceuticals etc. This review paper focuses on filling the gaps between few research papers by highlighting the need and features of selenium.&nbsp

Diese Arbeit untersucht die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen von E2E-Regressionstests, die ohne Lesezugriff auf den Quelltext oder direkte Kommunikation zwischen Test-und Entwicklungsteam erstellt werden. Das zu testende Projekt ist die Webapplikation Edupression, die Nutzern unter anderem Mittel der Psychoedukation zur Verfügung stellt. Aufgrund ihrer Zertifzierung als Medizinprodukt und den damit einhergehend hohen Ansprüchen an die Qualität, ist die Robustheit aus Sicht der Enduser besonders wichtig; aus diesem Grund eignet sich die Applikation hervorragend für die Untersuchung der vorliegenden Forschungsfrage. Dabei liegt der Fokus eher auf dem Erstellen eines soliden, skalierbaren Softwarestacks und weniger auf der reinen Quantität des Testmaterials. Für die Testcases wird eine Kombination aus NodeJS, Mocha, Chai, und Selenium Webdriver eingesetzt. Die verwendeten Webbrowser werden mithilfe von Selenoid in Docker-Containern verwaltet. Diese Zusammenstellung stellt eine in der Fachliteratur noch nicht bearbeitete Kombination dar, und wird in der Arbeit hinsichtlich ihres Zusammenspiels bewertet. This thesis investigates the possibilities and potential limitations of E2E regression test sets that are being set up with neither read access nor direct communication between the testing and the development team. The application under test is the web application Edupression that offers - among other features - psychoeducation to their user. It is certified as a medical product and therefore users have very high expectations regarding its quality. That is why the robustness from the point of the end users has a high priority, and is at the same time the reason this application is suited very well for the proposed research question. This work will focus rather on creating a robust, scalable software stack than on the pure quantity of the provided test cases. The stack is composed of NodeJs, Mocha, Chai and Selenium Webdriver. On top of that, Selenoid will be used to host the necessary browsers in containers managed by Docker. Until now this combination hasn´t been reviewed in any relevant literature, which is why this thesis will try to accomplish this.

Старт в науку : материалы V Междунар. науч.-практ. конф. студентов и учащихся, Орша, 20 мая 2021 г. : в 2 т. – Витебск : ВГУ имени П. М. Машерова, 2021. – Т. 1. – С. 286–288. – Библиогр.: с. 288 (3 назв.).

The effectiveness of GUI-based automated tests is a topic that is often discussed in the testing community. As software systems and GUIs are getting more advanced, the testing of these systems may sometimes be both time-consuming and repetitive. Therefore, automated tests are used more frequently to create more agile working and to decrease the number of manual tests. There is an ongoing discussion about the benefits and shortcomings of implementing automated GUI test compared to performing manual GUI tests. Increasingly, companies today are implementing automated GUI tests, yet relatively few are analyzing enough when choosing their test strategy. The purpose of this thesis was to explore different test strategies in a system as complex as Nasdaq’s clearing system NRTC. The first strategy used manual GUI tests, while the second strategy used a test tool called Selenium WebDriver to automate the GUI tests. Hopefully, this research will contribute to the already accumulated knowledge about automated GUI tests and potentially help in choosing the right testing strategy. The findings of this research showed that the implementation time of manual tests was much faster, and that implementing automated test would be timeconsuming. The reason for this is that the GUI was not very testable, making it difficult to create the test scripts. In addition, the was a difference in runtime when using both strategies. The automated tests only took a couple of seconds to execute, compared to the manual tests that took a couple of minutes. After both strategies was investigated, an analysis was done by looking at the effectivity, maintainability, robustness, and the overall results to be able to find benefits and shortcomings. In conclusion, GUI automation cannot replace manual test completely. By not including the human capabilities, the testing process becomes very limited.

Treball Final de Grau en Enginyeria Informàtica. Codi: EI1054. Curs acadèmic: 2019/2020 El objetivo de este documento es explicar el trabajo realizado por el alumno durante su estancia en prácticas en la empresa CloudAppi S.L. En este documento se describen los dos subproyectos en los que ha participado el alumno durante su estancia en prácticas. También se describe la metodología seguida durante el desarrollo del proyecto, la fase de análisis y diseño del sistema así como su implementación y pruebas. En lo referente a las tecnologías empleadas destacan Selenium WebDriver y Javascript para el subproyecto de diseño e implementación de casos de pruebas para una aplicación de gestión de productos financieros mientras que para el subproyecto de definición y desarrollo de una API de usuarios las tecnologías principales son Node.js, TypeScript y MongoDB.

Glavni cilj diplomskega dela je predstavitev postopka izgradnje ogrodja za avtoma- tizirano testiranje spletnih aplikacij, ki temelji na uporabi odprtokodnih knjižnic v programskem jeziku Java. Na voljo so različne tehnologije in pristopi, zato prvi korak implementacije predstavlja izbira najprimernejšega orodja za avtomatizacijo testiranja ter ustrezni pristop z izbranim orodjem. V uvodu diplomskega dela so predstavljeni razlogi za avtomatizacijo testiranja. Utemeljena je tudi izbira orodij in pristopov. V jedru dela je predstavljen postopek izgradnje z avtomatizacijskim orodjem SeleniumWebDriver, testno knjižnico TestNG, programskim jezikom Java in pomožnimi knjižnicami za dopolnitev ogrodja. Predstavljene so različne kompo- nente avtomatizacijskega projekta, kot so vmesniki za podatkovne baze, zunanje storitve in poročanje rezultatov. Jedro se zaključuje z opisom vgradnje ogrodja v razvojni postopek. V zaključnem delu so predstavljeni nauki in izzivi v postopku vpeljave avtomatizacije. V sklepnih ugotovitvah so povzeti rezultati vgradnje in načrti za prihodnje. The objective of the thesis is to present the implementation process of automated testing for web applications by building a proprietary framework using open source libraries in Java. As there are a lot of available technologies and approaches, the first step of implementation is choosing the most suitable tool and approach. Dur- ing introductions, we will learn about the reasons for automation as well as justi- cation of selected tools and approaches. In the core of the thesis, we will explore the implementation process with the Selenium WebDriver automation framework, TestNG testing library, programming language Java and various assisting libraries and frameworks. We will address various components of the project, such as database interfaces, inclusion of external services and results logging. This part will be concluded with description of the integration of the testing framework into the development process. In the last part of the thesis, we will look back at what we learned and what problems we encountered in the implementation process. Thesis will be concluded with summary of implementation effects and plans for the future.

Testning är en nödvändig men kostsam del av mjukvaruutveckling. Test utförs på olika abstraktionsnivåer och kan vara manuella eller automatiserade. På lägsta abstraktionsnivå, enhetsnivå, är automatiserad testning vanligt och relativt okomplicerat, medan systemtester är svårare att automatisera. I synnerhet gäller detta tester på ett grafiskt användargränssnitt (GUI) som kräver speciella verktyg. Triona vill undersöka möjligheterna att automatisera regressionstester från GUI:t av sin produkt C-Load, en molnbaserad webbtjänst för avtalsbaserad transportbokning. Det primära syftet med denna fallstudie är att med en anpassad urvalsprocess utvärdera ett möjligt verktyg i förhållande till C-Load-förvaltningens förväntningar på automatiserad GUI testning (AGT) och att utifrån resultatet föreslå hur C-Loadförvaltningen kan gå vidare med val av verktyg för AGT. För att uppfylla syftet användes litteraturstudier, intervjuer och observationer av praktiska test. Verktyg för GUI-testning kan delas in i tre huvudkategorier: skriptbaserade, modellbaserade och skriptlösa. Baserat på tidigare forskning drogs slutsatsen att ett skriptbaserat verktyg där koden i testskripten skrivs manuell bäst passar C-Loadförvaltningens krav och förutsättningar. Det mest använda verktyget av denna typ, Selenium WebDriver, utvärderades kvalitativt gentemot identifierade krav. Av tidigare forskning framgår att vanliga utmaningar med skriptbaserade GUI-tester är att arbetsinsatsen för att skapa och underhålla testskript är stor och att testen kan vara opålitliga. Dessa problem framkom också i studiens intervjuer och observationer. Slutsatsen är att det vore möjligt att automatisera regressionstester av C-Load med hjälp av Selenium Webdriver, och att det på sikt skulle kunna frigöra tid. Initialt krävs dock en omfattande insats för att implementera automatiserade tester i förvaltningen och Selenium Webdriver uppfyller bara delvis C-Load-förvaltningens förväntningar på AGT. C-Load-förvaltningen rekommenderas att utvärdera fler verktyg innan beslut fattas. I en kommande urvalsprocess bör Triona beakta hur väl olika verktyg fungerar i förhållande till moderna webbramverk. Testing is a necessary but costly part of software development. Tests are performed at different abstraction levels and can be either manual or automated. On the lowest level of abstraction, where unit testing is performed, automated testing is commonplace and relatively uncomplicated, whereas system testing is more difficult to automate. This is especially true for GUI-testing, which requires special tools. Triona wished to investigate possibilities to automate regression testing of the GUI for its C-load product, which is a Cloud-based web-service for contract-based transport booking. The purpose of this case study was to evaluate one tool for automated GUI-testing (AGT) against the C-Load team’s expectations on AGT, and based on the result recommend Triona how to proceed in the process of implementing AGT. Literature studies, observations and interviews were conducted to fulfil the purpose. GUI-testing tools can be classified into three categories: script-based, model-based and scriptless. One conclusion was that a script-based tool, where test scripts are manually coded would best suit Triona’s needs. The most used tool in that category, Selenium WebDriver, was tested and evaluated against requirements. Prior research shows that common challenges encountered when using script-based GUItests are the workload required to create and maintain test scripts and that the tests can deliver inconsistent or “flaky” results. These challenges were confirmed during our analysis. Our conclusion is that it is possible to automate C-Load regression tests with Selenium WebDriver, and that it would eventually free up time. However, a considerable effort is initially required to implement automated testing. Selenium Webdriver only partly fulfills the C-Load team’s expectations on AGT. Before a decision is taken, the C-Load team should evaluate more tools. When evaluating tools for AGT, Triona should take note that Selenium Webdriver can be deficient when it comes to testing applications based on modern web frameworks.

The bachelor thesis deals with the analysis of the current process of manual integration testing used in daily operation in the company Engel strojírenská spol. s.r.o., and creating own solution in the form of a tool to automate this process.

I dagens utveckling av webbapplikationer, vilka blir alltmer komplexa, är det viktigt att testa sina webbapplikationer grundligt. En kort exekveringstid av testerna är särskilt viktigt, då de komplexa webbapplikationerna tar allt längre tid att testa manuellt. Det är angeläget att använda automatiserade GUI tester, för att stödja Agila arbetssätt med korta tider för leverans av nya versioner. För att säkerställa att de kan användas vid varje hopslagning av grenar i utvecklingsspåren inför en leverans av den kommande versionen. Ett problem med automatiserade GUI tester är att det alltid har varit svårt att underhålla testfallen när webbapplikationen har ändrats. Därför är det viktigt att det är lätt att underhålla testfallen i testverktygen. I den här studien har två testverktyg för automatiserade GUI tester utvärderats avseende underhållbarhet och exekveringstid. Fördelar och utmaningar med att introducerade automatiserade GUI tester har även de lyfts fram och analyserats. För att undersöka vilka fördelar och utmaningar som finns med att introducera automatiserade GUI tester utfördes en litteraturstudie på tidigare studier. Ett antal fördelar och utmaningar med automatiserade GUI tester har lyfts fram. Den genomgående största utmaningen med automatiserade GUI tester är underhållbarheten av testfallen. När webbapplikationen vidareutvecklas och framförallt i ett tidigt stadium i dess livscykel när mycket ändrar sig är det kostsamt att underhålla testfallen. Det är även en utmaning att implementera testfallen på ett sådant sätt att det blir lätta att underhålla. Vad gäller fördelar är den absolut främsta tidsvinsten i exekveringstid av testfall samt ökad kvalitet genom att tester utförs oftare. Det första experimentet som har utförts var att jämföra exekveringstiden mellan Cypress och Selenium Webdriver. Ett antal testfall har skapats som återspeglar hur webbapplikationen används. Experimentet visar att Selenium Webdriver presterar bättre än Cypress när det exekveras på en utvecklingsdator. Ytterligare jämförelse av prestandan i en CI miljö bör utföras för att se hur Cypress presterar med parallell exekvering av testfall. Det andra experimentet som utförts jämför underhållbarhet mellan Cypress och Selenium Webdriver. Resultatet av det här experimentet har visat att det finns fördelar och nackdelar med båda testverktygen och hur testfallen är skrivna. Cypress är i det här fallet något mer robust när strukturen på sidan ändras. Cypress klarade av ändringen utan några uppdateringar i testkoden. Selenium Webdriver visades vara lite bättre på att hantera när texten på elementen ändras. Det här beror primärt på hur testfallen är skrivna. Experimentet ger ingen tydlig indikation på vilket testverktyg som är bäst. Det visar mest hur olika svårt det är att skriva testfallen och att komma igång med dem i de båda testverktygen. Problemet med underhållbarhet finns fortfarande kvar. Cypress som ett nytt testverktyg lyckas inte lösa det fullständigt. Resultatet av experimentet visar att det inte finns ett testverktyg som kan klassas som bäst. Däremot har Cypress en lovande framtid som ett testverktyg, det är lättare att komma igång med och har bra verktyg vilket underlättar arbetet som testare.

En este trabajo de fin de máster se realiza una propuesta de mejora del proceso del testing para una PYME objeto de estudio. En concreto nos centramos en el proceso de ejecución de las pruebas. El departamento de calidad de la empresa en su labor diaria realiza pruebas de aceptación a una aplicación web de un grado de complejidad alto. Por este motivo necesita garantizar que su producto antes de salir al mercado tenga el menor número de defectos posibles y que cumpla con las expectativas de su cliente. Para esto se dedica parte de su presupuesto al diseño y ejecución de pruebas de aceptación, valiéndose para ello de un pequeño número de personas dedicado a la actividad del testing. El personal que realiza esta labor la ejecuta de forma manual. Esto conlleva a que los recursos humanos sean utilizados de forma ineficiente y como consecuencia la calidad del software se vea afectada ya que los trabajos manuales en este tipo de actividad suelen realizarse con poca eficacia y eficiencia debido a la naturaleza humana ya que, nosotros los seres humanos no siempre estamos al 100% de nuestra capacidad intelectual, física y psíquica. En este documento se propone una nueva metodología de trabajo para lograr qué esta forma de proceder de la empresa mejore. Este método de trabajo debería mejorar la eficiencia y la productividad de la actual forma de proceder de dicha empresa en la realización del proceso de ejecución del testing puesto que a través del uso de herramientas se realizará una transición de ejecución de casos de pruebas de forma manual a automática, consiguiendo así explotar al máximo los recursos que actualmente dispone la empresa sin que ello implique un aumento en el presupuesto del producto software que se desarrolla actualmente. Apoyándonos en la metodología propuesta y partiendo de una Propuesta de la solución en la que se realizará un estudio que demuestra los beneficios de la automatización en la ejecución de las pruebas de aceptación, se llevará a cabo un Plan de puesta en marcha que la empresa objeto de estudio deberá implantar para conseguir así los beneficios deseado en la calidad del software que desarrolla. Habiendo la empresa implantado este plan estará en condiciones para que, de una forma natural tenga la posibilidad de estandarizar su proceso de pruebas adoptando Marcos de mejora e implantación del testing. Para demostrarlo se tomará uno de estos Marcos de reconocido prestigio y se comprobará cuánto de similitud tiene la empresa en su forma de proceder al realizar el proceso de pruebas con este marco y cuánto nuestra propuesta se alinea también con él.

Рассмотрен вебскрапинг процесс извлечения данных со страниц вебсайтов в интернете с помощью автоматизации обращений к вебсайту. С развитием интернета важность вебскрапинга возросла, и более половины интернеттрафика на вебсайты (за исключением потокового, т.е. аудио и видео) создается автоматизированными средствами, так называемыми ботами. Статья посвящена исследованию процесса вебскраппинга и изучению проблемы блокировки вебскраперов в сети Интернет. Рассматриваются основные принципы и понятия процесса вебскрапинга. Проводится обзор существующих решений для вебскрапинга, выделяются основные достоинства и недостатки вебскраппинга с возможностью обхода блокировок. Рассматриваются причины блокировки вебскраперов вебсайтами, выделены признаки, по которым вебсайты определяют и блокируют вебскраперы. Исследуются приемы для обхода блокировок вебскраперов и их влияние на процесс вебскрапинга. Предлагается программа, разработанная на языке программирования Python, которая использует приемы для обхода блокировок вебскраперов. Программа имеет графический интерфейс, разработанный с помощью фреймворка Tkinter для создания политики вебскраппинга. Для обхода блокировок вебскраперов используется фреймворк с открытым исходным кодом для автоматизации действий пользователя в браузере Selenium WebDriver. Сравнительный анализ работы вебскраперов показал, что использование созданных в работе модулей позволяет обойти блокировки вебскрапинга., Webscraping is a process of extracting data from webpages on the Internet by automating websites requests. Importance of webscraping is increased with developing of the Internet. And more than half of Internet traffic (except for streaming, i.e. audio and video) is created by automated means, socalled bots. TThe article is devoted to the study of the process of webscraping and the problem of blocking web scrapers on the Internet. We consider the basic principles and concepts of web scraping process and classification of web scrapers. A review of existing webscraping solutions is carried out, highlighting the main advantages and disadvantages of webscraping bypassing locks. The reasons for blocking web scrapers by websites are considered, highlighting the signs by which websites determine and block web scrapers. We investigate techniques for bypassing webscraper locks and their impact on the webscraping process. A program developed in the Python programming language that uses techniques to bypass webscrapper locks is proposed. The program has a graphical interface developed using the Tkinter framework to create a webscraping policy. Web scrapers bypassing blocking techniques use an open source framework to automate user actions in the Selenium WebDriver browser. A comparative analysis of the work of web scrapers showed that the use of the modules created in the work allows you to bypass the blocking of web scraping., №2 (2019)

Ovim završnim radom opisana je važnost automatiziranog testiranja i alata koji nude ovu podršku. Uspoređena su postojeća rješenja namijenjena provjeri funkcionalnosti zadanog web sjedišta s alatom otvorenog koda, Selenium i njegovim komponentama. Pružen je uvid u mogućnosti svake komponente zasebno s naglaskom na Selenium WebDriver. Napravljen je niz testnih slučajeva prema zadanom web sjedištu u cilju provjere ispravnosti i dosljednosti traženih funkcionalnosti. Prikazane su osnovne metode koje se koriste za izradu testnih slučajeva, te u konačnici opisani rezultati dobiveni provedbom niza testnih slučajeva. This bachelor's thesis describes the importance of automated testing and tools offering its support. The existing solutions are compared to check the functionality of the default website with the open-source tool, Selenium and its components. It provides insight into the possibilities of each component separately, focusing on Selenium WebDriver. A series of test cases are created by default web site to verify the accuracy and consistency of the required functionalities. The basic methods used to produce test cases are presented and finally the results obtained by the implementation of a series of test cases are described.

112 В учебном пособии рассматривается задача программного обеспечения гарантии качества проектов в области информационных технологий с точки зрения автоматизированного тестирования. Представлены способы обзора качества, методы тестирования программного обеспечения, концепция управления качеством. В роли инструментального средства для проведения тестирования предложен проект Selenium. Показаны практические примеры автоматизированного тестирования веб-приложений с помощью Selenium WebDriver. Учебное пособие соответствует требованиям Федерального государственного образовательного стандарта высшего образования последнего поколения. Для студентов, аспирантов и преподавателей, интересующихся вопросами оценки и гарантии качества программного обеспечения.

Modern web applications are characterized by ultra-rapid development cycles, and web testers tend to pay scant attention to the quality of their automated end-to-end test suites. Indeed, these quickly become hard to maintain, as the application under test evolves. As a result, end-to-end automated test suites are abandoned, despite their great potential for catching regressions. The use of the Page Object pattern has proven to be very effective in end-to-end web testing. Page objects are facade classes abstracting the internals of web pages into high-level business functions that can be invoked by the test cases. By decoupling test code from web page details, web test cases are more readable and maintainable. However, the manual development of such page objects requires substantial coding effort, which is paid off only later, during software evolution. In this paper, we describe a novel approach for the automatic generation of page objects for web applications. Our approach is implemented in the tool Apogen, which automatically derives a testing model by reverse engineering the target web application. It combines clustering and static analysis to identify meaningful page abstractions that are automatically turned into Java page objects for Selenium WebDriver. Our evaluation on an open-source web application shows that our approach is highly promising: Automatically generated page object methods cover most of the application functionalities and result in readable and meaningful code, which can be very useful to support the creation of more maintainable web test suites.

Web applications pervade our life, being crucial for a multitude of economic, social and educational activities. For this reason, their quality has become a top-priority problem. End-to-End testing aims at improving the quality of a web application by exercising it as a whole, and by adopting its requirements specification as a reference for the expected behaviour. In this paper, we outline a novel approach aimed at generating test scripts for web applications from either textual or UML-based requirements specifications. A set of automated transformations are employed to keep textual and UML-based requirements specifications synchronized and, more importantly, to generate End-to-End test scripts from UML artefacts.

The aim of this project is to develop a component able to retrieve taxi providers in Sweden, based on input of coordinates and a search radius. The result should be available in a well-structured and accessible way through an RESTful web service. The study is conducted based on a customer inquiry stating that the component should be built using open-source tools and be developed in such a way that allows the component, or parts of the component, to be integrated in a larger system. Therefore, a preliminary study was conducted in order to find suitable open-source tools that are able to solve the specific customer requirements. The component uses an ad hoc company search engine to retrieve the taxi providers, contact information and coordinates. Additional information needed for determining the correctness of the taxi providers are retrieved from external resources and a filtering process is then performed before they are saved in persistent store. The project is successful in solving the main purpose and most of the customer requirements, while the RESTful service is unable too fully meet the requirement stating that the component should be able to handle multiple concurrent clients while still maintain responsiveness. This, is mainly due to the decision not to use an ad hoc framework in handling geospatial data structures and calculations and was a trade-off to ensure re-usability and integration of the component in a larger system. Avsikten med denna studie är att bygga en komponent som kan returnera taxiföretag i Sverige baserat på koordinater och en sökradie. Resultatet skall presenteras för användare eller andra tjänster på ett välstrukturerat och tillgängligt sätt via en RESTbaserat webbtjänst. Projektet är ett resultat av en kundförfrågan i vilken det även specificeras att komponenten skall använda sig av data eller verktyg som är fritt tillgängliga och att den skall vara byggd på ett sådant sätt att det går att använda hela, eller delar av, komponenten i ett större system. En kortare förstudie genomfördes med syfte att hitta lämpliga verktyg som bygger på öppen källkod för att lösa de specifika krav kunden ställt på komponenten. Komponenten använder sig av en sökmotor för företag-sök där resultaten görs tillgängliga via ett RESTbaserat API. Varje företag genomgår sedan en filtreringsprocess innan de sparas i databas för att avgöra om det uppfyller de kriterier som är uppsatta. Denna filtrering baseras på information som inhämtats genom en automatiserad process. Denna studie har varit framgångsrik i avseendet att bygga en komponent som kan returnera företag inom ett visst område baserat på koordinater och en given sökradie. Den uppfyller även de allra flesta av de krav kunden har satt upp, med undantag för det krav som efterfrågar en responsiv hantering av många samtidiga användare. Detta beror främst på valet att inte använda sig av ett ramverk avsett för hantering av geospatial data. Detta var en avvägning som gjordes för att försäkra sig om att komponenten skulle vara återanvändbar i ett större system.

Functional test automation is increasingly adopted by web applications developers. In particular, 2nd generation tools overcome the limitations of 1st generation tools, based on screen coordinates, by providing APIs for easy selection and interaction with Document Object Model (DOM) elements. On the other hand, a new, 3rd generation of web testing tools, based on visual image recognition, brings the promise of wider applicability and simplicity. In this paper, we consider the problem of the automated creation of 3rd generation visual web tests from 2nd generation test suites. This transformation affects mostly the way in which test cases locate web page elements to interact with or to assert the expected test case outcome. Our tool PESTO determines automatically the screen position of a web element located in the DOM by a DOM-based test case. It then determines a rectangle image centred around the web element so as to ensure unique visual matching. Based on such automatically extracted images, the original, 2nd generation test suite is rewritten into a 3rd generation, visual test suite. Experimental results show that our approach is accurate, hence potentially saving substantial human effort in the creation of visual web tests from DOM-based ones.

Testing is a vital part of software development and test automation is an increasingly common practise. Performing automated testing on web-based applications is more complicated than desktop applications, which is particularly clear when it comes to testing a web based user interface as they are becoming more complex and dynamic. Depending on the goals and needed complexity of the testing, a variety of different frameworks/tools are available to help implementing it. This thesis investigates how automated testing of a web-based user interface can be implemented. Testing methods and a selection of relevant testing frameworks/tools are presented and evaluated based on given requirements. Out of the selected frameworks/tools, the Selenium WebDriver framework is chosen and used for implementation. The implementation results in automated test cases for regression testing of the functionality of a user interface created by Infor AB.

The main goal of this bachelor thesis is a complete description of the process of software testing automation using Selenium WebDriver. The work is focusing on functional testing of web applications in internet banking. Apart from the description of this process, the paper also creates applicable examples of test scripts written in Java. Starting with theoretical introduction to the area of software testing, the work continues by introducing the Selenium WebDriver testing tool and its use in the environment of internet banking. Then follows the description of the process of automation, its execution and a brief cost comparison between manual and automated testing.

Diploma thesis deals with creating a Methodology for small software projects focused on automated testing of using Selenium WebDriver tool (abbreviated MMSP - Selenium). The created methodology is based on customized methodology MMSP, which aims to transform part for automated testing of using Selenium WebDriver tool through the best principles and practices of already completed studies. Firstly, there will be summarized the most important terms related to the diploma thesis. Then will follow implementation of the methodology MMSP - Selenium, which is complemented by its new roles, tasks, and work products. Personal benefit of the diploma thesis is also created guidelines for Selenium WebDriver testing tool. For great benefit is also considered the publication of the methodology using the Eclipse Process Framework Composer tool. In conclusion of the created methodology verifies the business use cases, aimed at testing the functionality of web application Manuscriptorium.

[CATALÀ] Aquest projecte presenta una aplicació que, mitjançant l'ús de Selenium WebDriver, permet als usuaris definir, guardar i executar proves sobre pàgines web per diferents navegadors a través d'una interfície gràfica (tal i com ho fa Selenium IDE). [ Podeu trobar el resum complet dintre de la memòria [ANGLÈS] This project presents an application that, by using Selenium WebDriver, allows users to define, save and execute tests over web pages for different browsers through a graphical interface (as Selenium IDE does). [ You can find the complete abstract inside the project's PDF ]

This diploma thesis deals with automated testing of web applications. First of all, it introduces automated testing and compares it with manual testing, then classifies currently available testing tools and describes Selenium testing tools. In further chapter a methodology for automation of testing of web applications is described, providing a systematic manual, how to automate testing, which mistakes to avoid, and also tasks and responsibilities of involved roles. Appendix of this thesis consists of a user manual for Selenium WebDriver, one of the most popular tools for automated functional testing of web application. This manual guides reader from the basics of using Selenium WebDriver tool to its advanced features and provides complete information set needed for writing automated tests. This thesis represents a complex material that can be used for carrying out a process of test automation using a particular testing tool.

Nowadays, number of software system has been implemented as web-based applications. These web applications are very complex. It is very difficult to test such complex web applications. Automation testing uses automation tools to reduce human intervention and repeatable tasks. In this paper we have designed and implemented automation testing framework for testing web applications. This new automation testing framework has been implemented using selenium WebDriver tool. Using this framework tester can easily write their test cases efficiently and in less time. Tester need not to study the selenium webdriver tool in detail. This framework is helpful to developer to analyze their code due to screen shot property of framework. This framework produces the customized test report to tester. It is very easy to maintain and repair the test suite for new release of the application using this framework.