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Understanding the subtle differences between lanthanide and actinide complexation chemistry with different ligand systems is an ongoing field of resarch. Soft donor ligands, especially ligands containing nitrogen, have shown to be promising for the investigation of the small differences in bonding behavior of actinides compared to lanthanides particularly with regards to the covalent contribution within the bond. BTP type ligands have been used as an extacting ligand for the separation of lanthanides from actinides.1 Therefore, new soft nitrogen donor ligands based on the BTP type ligand (2,6-Bis(1,2,4-Triazin-3-yl)Pyridine) or Schiff base lig-ands have been synthesized to explore the fundamental chemistry of the early 5f-elements. In order to investigate the coordination environment, ligand selectivity, bonding trends and electronic properties a series of actinide complexes ranging from thorium to plutonium has been characterized in solid state as well as in solution. In the present study the synthesis of the new soft donor ligand L1 was carried out via a copper mediated click reaction of the corresponding alkyne and azide. The bipyridine based ligand L2 was obtainend in a three step synthesis starting from bipyridine via the corresponding N-oxide and cyanide to give the tetrazine. Both ligands L1 and L2 were succesfully applied in the complexation reaction with trivalent lanthanides e.g. Er and Sm. In this contribution the investigation of the coordination chemistry of these soft N-donor ligands is exended to the early actinides in their tri- and tetravalent oxidation state. First experimental results show the formation of a 3:1 complex in the case of trivalent Er. In contrast, the same ligand system L1 forms a 2:1 complex with U(IV) including methanolato and iodo ligands for charge compensation. Further results including first structural characterization as well as results from quantum chemical calculations to elucidate the binding situation, will be presented in this contribution.

This study explores the formation of economic complexity within a city from the Global South, during 2011–2019. It proposes an expanded interpretation of the Economic Complexity Index (ECI) to be applied at the intra-urban context of Belo Horizonte, Brazil, focusing on three different spatial levels of analysis (i.e., local, neighbourhood, and community levels). By applying the index to these three levels, instead of regional or national administrative boundaries commonly used in literature, this study contributes to approximating the observation of economic complexity to the actual geographical scales at which economic interactions take place, allowing for intra-urban comparisons. The proposed ECI includes the service economy, amenities, and retail, in addition to commonly observed manufacturing industry. Methodologically, this case study introduces the Urban Economy Space network diagram to the expanded ECI as an effort to holistically consider all economic sectors happening in a city. The main findings are twofold. First, the city services classified as more complex by the ECI are aligned with the theory of post-industrial economic activities: financial, telecommunications, scientific and technical services, etc. Second, government-led institutions such as healthcare facilities, higher education institutions, etc., appear on the top tier of economic complexity, indicating that local and national governments can contribute to complexifying local economies.

3D non-linear magnetohydrodynamic simulations of a disruption triggered by a massive injection of argon gas in JET are performed with the JOREK code. The key role of the thermal drive of the m = 2, n = 1 tearing mode (i.e. the drive from helical cooling inside the island) in the disruption process is highlighted by varying the amplitude and position of the argon source across simulations, and also during a simulation. In cases where this drive persists in spite of the development of magnetic stochasticity, which is favoured by moving the argon source in an ad hoc way from the plasma edge into the 2/1 island at some point in the simulation, a relaxation in the region q ⩽ 2 (roughly) takes place. This relaxation generates a plasma current spike comparable to the experimental one. Simulations are compared in detail to measurements via synthetic diagnostics, validating the model to some degree.

SUMMARYAfter implantation, the mouse embryo undergoes gastrulation and forms mesoderm and endoderm. Mesoderm participates in embryonic and extra-embryonic tissues including the amnion, yolk sac, chorion and allantois, the umbilical cord precursor.Extra-embryonic mesoderm is rich in intermediate filaments. Two-photon live imaging of keratin 8-eYFP knock-in embryos allowed recording nucleation and elongation of keratin filaments, which formed apical cables coordinated across multiple cells in amnion, allantois, and blood islands. Embryos lacking all keratins displayed a deflated exocoelomic cavity, a narrow thick amnion, and a short allantois, indicating a hitherto unknown role for keratin filaments in post-implantation extra-embryonic membranes morphogenesis.Single-cell RNA sequencing of mesoderm cells, microdissected amnion, chorion, and allantois provided an interactive atlas of transcriptomes with germ layer and regional information. Keratin 8highmesenchymal cells in contact with the exocoelom shared a cytoskeleton and adhesion expression profile that might explain the adaptation of extra-embryonic structures to the increasing mechanical pressure.GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Complete 3D simulations of the current quench phase of ITER disruptions are key to predict asymmetric forces acting into the ITER wall. We present for the first time such simulations for ITER mitigated disruptions at realistic Lundquist numbers. For these strongly mitigated disruptions, we find that the edge safety factor remains above 2 and the maximal integral horizontal forces remain below 1 MN. The maximal integral vertical force is found to be 13 MN and arises in a time scale given by the resistive wall time as expected from theoretical considerations. In this respect, the vertical force arises after the plasma current has completely decayed, showing the importance of continuing the simulations also in the absence of plasma current. We conclude that the horizontal wall force rotation is not a concern for these strongly mitigated disruptions in ITER, since when the wall forces form, there are no remaining sources of rotation., Comment: to be submitted to Nuclear Fusion

Epilepsy is a frequent feature of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) but little is known about genetic differences between NDD with and without epilepsy. We analyzed de novo variants (DNV) in 6753 parent-offspring trios ascertained for different NDD. In the subset of 1942 individuals with NDD with epilepsy, we identified 33 genes with a significant excess of DNV, of which SNAP25 and GABRB2 had previously only limited evidence for disease association. Joint analysis of all individuals with NDD also implicated CACNA1E as a novel disease gene. Comparing NDD with and without epilepsy, we found missense DNV, DNV in specific genes, age of recruitment and severity of intellectual disability to be associated with epilepsy. We further demonstrate to what extent our results impact current genetic testing as well as treatment, emphasizing the benefit of accurate genetic diagnosis in NDD with epilepsy.

Worldwide there is growing evidence on ecosystem services provided by urban green spaces (UGS). As most studies originate from developed countries in subtropical or temperate climates, further research is necessary on the role of UGS in tropical cities in low and middle income countries. Cities in the tropics not only differ in climate and ecology, but also in demography, economic development, culture and lifestyles, and hence, the demand for ecosystem services and management implications of UGS. In addition, while literature suggeststhere is a cooling effect f rom UGS, less is known about the extent of this cooling effect and how for example the urban heat island effect manifests itself in tropical cities. This study is part of a project that aims to enhance the supply of ecosystem services from UGS in Paramaribo for a greener and more livable city. Paramaribo is the capital of Suriname, in the humid tropics of South America, and contains about three hundred thousand inhabitants. Poor policies for UGS are clearly visible by the lack of public recreational spaces and replacement of UGS by concrete and sealed soils. The focus of the study is on ) mapping different types of UGS in Paramaribo, 2) quantifying their cooling effect, and determining the urban heat island effect, 3) mapping the supply and demand of selected ecosystem services and 4) gather insights on the perceptions of urban ecosystem services considering factors such as lifestyle and socio-economic status. The results of this study will contribute to improved understanding and awareness of local actors and policy makers on the role of UGS in Paramaribo. By involving these local actors and policy-makers through-out the project we aim to contribute to improved urban policies and planning in Paramaribo.

Climate regulation provided by urban trees and green spaces is one of the main ecosystem services for urban areas. Urban green spaces are increasingly threatened by urbanization, and changing temperatures and precipitation due to climate change might impair the ability of trees to cool their surroundings. Thus urban planning is faced with the challenge of improving climate regulation in the face of urbanization and climate change. How should the urban green spaces be designed to meet this challenge? Does climate regulation improve with higher tree diversity, or is a single tree species sufficient?

Efforts are increasing to integrate the sustainable provision of ecosystem services into land management decision-making. These efforts, however, are challenged by (1) the variety of methods to map and quantify ecosystem services, and (2) the scarcity of knowledge on how environmental policies and management decisions affect relationships among ecosystem services. A better understanding of relationships among ecosystem services is therefore much needed. This chapter introduces the part of the Atlas framework that focuses on relationships among ecosystem services. It contains a typology and common definitions of different types of relationships, provides a brief overview of the diversity of methods and approaches used, includes a summary of empirical evidence, and, finally, discusses implications for planning and management.

Interest in urban ecosystem services has grown steadily over recent years (Haase et al. 2014), with politics promoting the enhancement of ecosystem service provision in urban areas (e.g. DG Environment 2012). Indeed, the increasing share of humans living in urban areas worldwide and environmental threats such as climate change urge us to consider ways to maintain and improve the well-being of urban dwellers. In this context, ecosystem services, which are the benefits humans receive from ecosystems (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2005b), are a promising supplement to technical solutions.

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Objective: Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders with a lifetime incidence of 3%. While many patients can be sufficiently treated with anticonvulsant drugs, about one third remains pharmacoresistent. Over the past years the development of novel drugs resulted in an increase [for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 67. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (DGNC), 1. Joint Meeting mit der Koreanischen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (KNS)

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction and co-localization of novel interacting proteins with the Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) associated protein aryl hydrocarbon receptor interacting protein-like 1 (AIPL1). \ud \ud Methods: The CytoTrapXR yeast two-hybrid system was used to screen a bovine retinal cDNA library. A novel interaction between AIPL1 and members of the family of EB proteins was confirmed by directed yeast two-hybrid analysis and co-immunoprecipitation assays. The localization of AIPL1 and the EB proteins in cultured cells and in retinal cryosections was examined by immunofluorescence microscopy and cryo-immunogold electron microscopy. \ud \ud Results: Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) analysis identified the interaction between AIPL1 and the EB proteins, EB1 and EB3. EB1 and EB3 were specifically co-immunoprecipitated with AIPL1 from SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells. In directed 1:1 Y2H analysis, the interaction of EB1 with AIPL1 harbouring the LCA-causing mutations A197P, C239R and W278X was severely compromised. Immunofluorescent confocal microscopy revealed that AIPL1 did not co-localize with endogenous EB1 at the tips of microtubules, endogenous EB1 at the microtu-bule organising centre following disruption of the microtubule network, or with endogenous β-tubulin. Moreover, AIPL1 did not localize to primary cilia in ARPE-19 cells, whereas EB1 co-localized with the centrosomal marker pericentrin at the base of primary cilia. However, both AIPL1 and the EB proteins, EB1 and EB3, co-localized with centrin-3 in the connecting cilium of photoreceptor cells. Cryo-immunogold electron microscopy confirmed the co-localization of AIPL1 and EB1 in the connecting cilia in human retinal photoreceptors.\ud \ud Conclusions: AIPL1 and the EB proteins, EB1 and EB3, localize at the connecting cilia of retinal photore-ceptor cells, but do not co-localize in the cellular microtubule network or in primary cilia in non-retinal cells. These findings suggest that AIPL1 function in these cells is not related to the role of EB proteins in microtubule dynamics or primary ciliogenesis, but that their association may be related to a specific role in the specialized cilia apparatus of retinal photoreceptors.

Mutations in the OPN1LW (L-) and OPN1MW (M-)cone opsin genes underlie a spectrum of cone photoreceptor defects from stationary loss of color vision to progressive retinal degeneration. Genotypes of 22 families with a range of cone disorders were grouped in

Malaria epidemiology in Madagascar is classified into four different strata, ranging from unstable seasonal transmission to hyperendemic perennial transmission areas. Most malaria studies in Madagascar are focused on children. However because of the low transmission in some areas with correspondingly[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 10th Malaria Meeting

In 11 patients with locked cervical spine facets after blunt injury, the patency of the vertebral arteries was evaluated by color-coded Duplex sonography (CCDS) up to 11 years after the accident. In 7 patients the dislocations had been reduced, 2 had been treated conservatively, and 9 had been fused. In 9 patients (3 of them with persistent locking) the mean systolic peak flow velocity was 55 cm/sec and the vessel diameter was 0.35 cm. Only 2 patients had an abnormal CCDS. In 1 with persistent locking the ipsilateral vertebral artery was occluded, and in the other flow signals were abnormal and the vessel diameter was smaller than on the contralateral side. The high coincidence of vertebral artery occlusions and locked dislocations, as well as fracture dislocations reported by others, was not confirmed in our series.

Objective; If the absorption kinetics of orally administered drugs in preoperative patients are influenced by high anxiety levels as maintained by Simpson and Stakes [1987], then this aspect would have to be taken into consideration in the preparation for surgery and would make dose adjustments necessary in such patients. Methods: We differentiated and quantified the anxiety level in 40 patients, 4 - 5 hours prior to an operation, using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Subsequently, all patients were given 1000 mg of paracetamol and serum levels were analyzed by means of HPLC. Results: Over the first 3 hours after application there were no significant differences in the parameters C m a x and t m a x between patients with high levels of anxiety and patients with low levels of anxiety. However, AUC (area under curve) values were slightly higher in patients with high levels of anxiety. Conclusions: No clinically relevant differences in absorption parameters were observed in patients with high and low levels of anxiety.

Torticollis in children can be due to atlanto-axial rotatory subluxation. If diagnosis, based on plain lateral radiography and on computed tomography, and specific treatment are delayed, reduction becomes difficult to accomplish. Atlanto-axial fusion might be indicated to cure the instability. Thus, a diagnostic delay may prevent restoration of cervical spine function. In acquired torticollis in children, radiographic evaluation is indicated if the symptoms are not relieved within 1 week, but immediate radiography is indicated in traumatic torticollis.

Der Fragebogen erfasst die aktuelle Stimmung des Befragten. Dabei gliedern Bohner und Schwarz das Konstrukt in die beiden Faktoren „Stimmungslage“ und „Reaktivität“. Die Entwicklung der Skala basiert auf den Arbeiten von Underwood und Froming (1980)., Zusammenstellung sozialwissenschaftlicher Items und Skalen (ZIS)

Unstable fractures of the pelvic ring in children are usually treated conservatively. The results of this therapy were evaluated retrospectively in 17 children who had been under 13 years old at the time of injury. All but 4 of the children had additional injuries. The pelvic fracture had a rotational instability in 9 patients and was vertically unstable in 8 patients. The follow-up period was 2-25 years. Clinical results were good provided that there was a good radiological result with only minimal asymmetry of the pelvic ring or none at all. Functional leg length differences and scoliotic deformation of the lumbar spine due to traumatic and/or growth-related asymmetry of the pelvis caused chronic low back pain in 5 of 8 patients. Only fracture healing in a near-anatomical position can ensure good clinical results in pelvic fractures in children. Considering the results presented here, operative reduction has to be recommended when reduction cannot be achieved by conservative means. However, there is no proof that open reduction and internal fixation provide better results than conservative therapy in unstable pelvic ring fractures in children.

The lag screw osteosynthesis of medial femoral neck fractures is a straightforward procedure with little danger of complications. A conclusion may be drawn from the results of several authors that this method may even have a favourable influence in reducing the frequency of pseudarthrosis. In order to come to a final conclusion, however, the results of large treatment programmes would have to be studied. Fractures which are technically accurately treated allow probably full weight bearing. Lag screw osteosynthesis using more than 2 spongiosa screws in a parallel position has proved, both theoretically and practically, to be a useful method of treatment. The caudal screws increase the stability due to their position on the caudal rim of the femoral neck, while the cranial screws ensure against rotation and exertion of tensile force.

During the West African Ebola virus disease outbreak in 2014–15, health agencies had severe challenges with case notification and contact tracing. To overcome these, we developed the Surveillance, Outbreak Response Management and Analysis System (SORMAS). The objective of this study was to measure perceived quality of SORMAS and its change over time. We ran a 4-week-pilot and 8-week-implementation of SORMAS among hospital informants in Kano state, Nigeria in 2015 and 2018 respectively. We carried out surveys after the pilot and implementation asking about usefulness and acceptability. We calculated the proportions of users per answer together with their 95% confidence intervals (CI) and compared whether the 2015 response distributions differed from those from 2018. Total of 31 and 74 hospital informants participated in the survey in 2015 and 2018, respectively. In 2018, 94% (CI: 89–100%) of users indicated that the tool was useful, 92% (CI: 86–98%) would recommend SORMAS to colleagues and 18% (CI: 10–28%) had login difficulties. In 2015, the proportions were 74% (CI: 59–90%), 90% (CI: 80–100%), and 87% (CI: 75–99%) respectively. Results indicate high usefulness and acceptability of SORMAS. We recommend mHealth tools to be evaluated to allow repeated measurements and comparisons between different versions and users.

Neurology : official journal of the American Academy of Neurology 98(20), e2046-e2059 (2022). doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000200660, Published by Ovid, [S.l.]