Search

Apesar da crescente urbanização do Brasil nas últimas décadas, o setor agrícola não é afetado, e continua a desempenhar papel fundamental no desenvolvimento econômico do país. Neste sentido, esta pesquisa foi realizada em uma pequena propriedade rural localizada na cidade de Encantado/RS, e o presente estudo objetiva levantar os custos de produção e a lucratividade do vinhedo e para isso foi usado os princípios de custeio por absorção integral. A metodologia consistiu em levantamentos bibliográficos e estudo de caso, de cunho qualitativo e quantitativo. Os limitadores desta pesquisa foram a falta de escrituração contábil e a substituição das taxas de depreciação societária por fiscal. Sugere-se mais pesquisas sobre os custos da agricultura e sobre os custos do vinhedo para poder fazer comparações como por exemplo: quantidade de produção x lucro líquido ou mesmo hectares x lucro líquido para poder fazer análises mais especificas de lucratividade e assim poder investir com mais segurança, sugere-se também que futuramente seja realizada novamente uma pesquisa na propriedade em estudo. [resumo fornecido pelo autor]

Urban cemeteries on a global scale raise concerns due to their potential to concentrate differing levels of hazardous pollutants in their native soils due to the unnatural concentration of burials in a limited space. It is paramount for sustainability that designers of future cemeteries take this into account in order to minimize the deposition and movement of these contaminants within the soil profile. The objective of this manuscript is to identify the levels of certain hazardous element contamination, specifically heavy metals, in the soil of horizontal urban cemeteries that do not utilize herbicides for weed control. In this, solutions were sought for the construction of future urban cemeteries capable of mitigating further contamination of the environment by the increase in interments. The soils of three urban cemeteries (A, B and C) in the Brazilian city of Carazinho, in Rio Grande do Sul State, were sampled with 5 monitoring points in the internal area and 5 points in the external area of the cemeteries. At each point, 3 replications were performed at two depths (0–20 and 20–40 cm), totaling 180 samples in all, to determine the concentration of the following metals: copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), and chromium (Cr) (g kg−1). In addition, online interviews with 15 architects who design cemeteries were conducted. Architectural design solutions to mitigate environmental contamination were modeled utilizing the Building Information Modeling system (BIM). The results showed an excess of Cu in the soil of cemeteries A, B and C, surpassing the standards allowed by Brazilian federal regulations. A total of 80% of the interviewed architects expressed their preference for the vertical cemetery, with gas and effluent treatment systems to mitigate environmental impacts.

FLUXO DE LEITURA E TRADUÇÃO DE MANGÁS: OBSTÁCULOS EDITORIAIS

Neste trabalho pretendo analisar o sentido de leitura oriental dos quadrinhos japoneses, mangás, e como ele pode interferir no processo de tradução devido às especificidades estruturais da obra que estão diretamente relacionadas à estrutura da língua japonesa. Mangá é um tipo de obra articulada junto a uma língua cujo sistema de escrita possui ideogramas e sentido de leitura vertical da direita para esquerda, contrastando duplamente com o sistema ocidental que é horizontal e da esquerda para direita. Assim, no caso de manter-se fiel à ordem dos quadros, tem-se um sentido de leitura dentro dos balões de fala (da esquerda para direita) que é inverso ao sentido de leitura fora dele, entre os quadros (da direita para esquerda) e a adequação do nosso sistema de escrita a esse espaço pré-determinado é ainda mais dificultada pela diferença do número de caracteres utilizado no sistema fonético do português. Pela teoria das deformações de Berman (2012), seria possível perceber essa dificuldade na tradução do gênero como uma deformação, destruição, do ritmo do texto. Foi justamente essa distorção no ritmo do texto do mangá, abrigando sistemas de escrita incompatíveis com sua estrutura, que ocasionou a insegurança editorial das primeiras publicações do gênero no Ocidente. In this work I intend to analyze the East Asian reading orientation of the Japanese comics, manga, and how it can interfere in the translation process due to the structural specificities of these comics that are directly related to the Japanese language structure. Manga is a type of artistic work articulated next to a language whose writing system has ideograms and vertical reading orientation, from right to left, contrasting with the western system that is horizontal and from left to right. Thus, if the translation remains faithful to the order of the panels, it has a sense of reading inside the speech bubble (from left to right) which is the opposite of the reading direction between panels (from right to left) and the adequacy of our writing system to this predetermined space is further hampered by the difference in the number of characters used in the Portuguese phonetic system. . According to Berman's translation theory of deformations (2012), it would be possible to perceive this difficulty in the translation of the genre as a deformation of the rhythm of the text. It was precisely this distortion in the rhythm of the manga text, dealing with foreign writing systems incompatible with its original structure, which caused the editorial insecurity of the first translated publications of the genre in the West.

© 2012 by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. This chapter describes the geologic, geographic, and ecological context of the location of Luquillo Mountains, particularly the factors affecting the response mechanisms of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems to disturbance. It describes the existing conditions of the physical environment, chemical environment, and the biota of the Luquillo Mountains as they respond to disturbances. It then merges the decade-long research about the Mountains with the other tropical ecosystems around the globe.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Civil, Florianópolis, 2014 As edificações são responsáveis por uma parte expressiva do consumo de energia no mundo, motivo pelo qual diversos estudos são realizados para elaboração de normas e diretrizes que visam à eficiência energética nesse setor. Para isso, o uso de modelos de referência, determinados a partir das características de todo um estoque, tem se tornado essencial em estudos envolvendo desempenho termo-energético de edificações. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar modelos de referência de habitações populares unifamiliares na região de Florianópolis através da análise de agrupamento, para estudos de desempenho termo-energético. O método foi dividido em três etapas: levantamento dos dados em campo, determinação de modelos de referência através da análise de agrupamento e simulação dos modelos. Em cada etapa, os dados foram tratados em dois blocos de informação distintos: forma das habitações e materiais utilizados. O levantamento de dados foi realizado através da aplicação de questionários semiestruturados. As informações coletadas foram resumidas, compondo uma matriz de dados que serviu de base para a etapa seguinte. A análise de agrupamento foi realizada com o programa SPSS Statistics (IBM, v.20), utilizando-se técnicas hierárquicas (algoritmo Ward) para determinação da quantidade de agrupamentos a serem formados e não hierárquicas (k-means) para formação final dos agrupamentos. Os modelos de referência foram determinados a partir das habitações com menor distância ao centro de cada agrupamento. Os modelos encontrados foram, então, submetidos à simulação computacional com o programa Energyplus e seus resultados comparados com os resultados das simulações da amostra de habitações de cada agrupamento através de testes de hipóteses para uma amostra. A partir dos levantamentos obteve-se uma amostra composta por 120 unidades habitacionais localizadas em cinco diferentes regiões de Florianópolis. Habitações com dados incompletos foram excluídas da amostra, de forma que os levantamentos referentes à forma e aos materiais foram compostos por 103 e 106 habitações, respectivamente. A análise de agrupamento referente à forma resultou em dois modelos: um composto por habitações com sala e cozinha conjugadas, dois dormitórios e área total de 37m2, enquanto o segundo possui sala e cozinha separadas, três dormitórios e área total de 76m2. Quanto aos materiais e sistemas construtivos, três modelos com características diferentes foram encontrados: dois deles possuem paredes com bloco cerâmico e piso de concreto com revestimento cerâmico, e o terceiro com paredes e piso de madeira. A composição da cobertura foi o único item distinto nos três modelos: o primeiro composto por laje de concreto, sem telha e sem forro, o segundo por telha cerâmica e forro de madeira e o terceiro por telha de fibrocimento e forro de madeira. A partir das simulações, verificou-se que, para a maioria das variáveis, os resultados obtidos com os modelos aproximaram-se da mediana da amostra de habitações, indicando que os modelos obtidos são representativos do seu agrupamento. Concluiu-se, por fim, que a análise de agrupamentos é uma técnica aplicável à determinação de modelos de referência de edificações. Entretanto, é uma técnica muito suscetível às variáveis envolvidas na análise e, portanto, deve-se ter muito cuidado ao selecioná-las, tendo sempre em mente as limitações associadas ao seu uso. Abstract: Buildings are responsible for a significant portion of energy consumption in the world, which is why many studies are conducted to develop standards and guidelines aimed at energy efficiency in this sector. For this reason, the use of reference buildings, derived from all the features of a stock, has become important topic in studies involving thermal and energy performance of buildings. The objective of this study was to determine reference buildings of low-income housing in the region of Florianópolis (SC, Brazil) through cluster analysis, for further use in studies of thermal and energy performance. The research method was divided in three parts: field data collection, determination of reference building through cluster analysis and performance of the models. At each step, data were divided into two distinct blocks of information: the design of housing and materials used. The survey was conducted by applying semi-structured questionnaires. Data were summarized for composing an array of data that formed the basis for the next step. Cluster analysis was then performed with the SPSS program (IBM, v.20), using hierarchical techniques (Ward algorithm) in order to determine the number of clusters to be formed and non hierarchical techniques (k-means) for final grouping. Reference buildings were determined from households with the lowest distance to the center of each cluster. The models found were subjected to computer simulation with the EnergyPlus program and their results were compared to the simulation results of the whole sample of households in each group with statistical hypothesis tests. The sample consisted of 120 dwellings located in five different regions of Florianópolis. Households with missing data were excluded from the sample, so that the groups regarding the design and materials were composed by 103 and 106 dwellings, respectively. Cluster analysis for the design resulted in two reference buildings: one with households with combined living room and kitchen, two bedrooms and a total area of 37m2, while the second had living room and kitchen in separated rooms, three bedrooms and a total area of 76m2. Three models with different characteristics were found for the material block of information: two of them had walls with ceramic block and concrete floor with ceramic tile, and the third with walls and wood floors. The composition of the roof was different in all three groups: the first consists of concrete slab without tile and lining, the second for ceramic tile and wood lining and the third by cement tile and wood lining. In the simulations, it was found that the results obtained with the reference buildings do not coincide with the average results of the sample of each type of housing for every variable of design block, but were very similar for two of the three models referring to material. Finally, it is possible to state that the reference buildings obtained are representative of their cluster and that cluster analysis is applicable to the determination of reference buildings. However, it is very susceptible to variables involved in the analysis and therefore one should be very careful while selecting them, keeping in mind the limitations associated with their use.

We evaluated the effects of oregano essential oil (OEO) added to the feed of semi-heavy laying hens during winter. We measured performance as well as physical and chemical quality of fresh and 21-day stored eggs. A total of 240 semi-heavy laying hens were distributed into six treatments and five replicates (n = 8 each). Treatments consisted of five groups of hens fed diets supplemented with 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg OEO/kg. We measured the average of three productive cycles (1st: week 1–4, 2nd: week 5–8 and 3rd: week 9–12), and found that feed consumption increased in hens in the control group and those in the group treated with 200 mg OEO/kg; other zootechnical variables did not differ between treatments. When we analyzed each individual production cycle individually, we did not observe differences between treatments for the performance variables in the first or second cycles. However, in the third cycle, when the animals were exposed to a greater number of days to cold stress, we recorded improved conversion rate/dozen eggs, conversion rate/daily feed consumed and egg production at T50 (50 mg OEO/kg). Stored eggs from hens supplemented with 50 mg OEO/kg showed lower eggshell percentages and higher yolk pHs. The intensity of the yellow was higher in yolks of the control group and in those from hens supplemented with 200 mg OEO/kg. Lipid peroxidation was lower in fresh egg yolks from hens that received 200 mg OEO/kg and stored eggs of T150. The reduction of lipid peroxidation in egg yolk is beneficial to consumer health by reducing levels of free radicals consumed. Reduction of lipid peroxidation associated with 150 mg OEO/kg in laying hens in winter might be useful for maintaining egg quality and for prolonging shelf life; productive efficiency was improving even at 39.8 mg OEO/kg if we consider feed conversion (kg/kg).

Made available in DSpace on 2019-11-07T18:10:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 final9250.pdf: 1642337 bytes, checksum: d663dc65aa53c9f8392a633eb8b30ab0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

Diphenyl diselenide (Ph2Se2) is an organic selenium compound that is known for its antioxidant characteristics. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether Ph2Se2 in quail (Coturnix japonica) diets influences the oxidative/antioxidant status and meat quality. Materials and methods. Four diets (0; 0.3; 0.6; 0.9 ppm Ph2Se2) were provided to 56 male quails (Coturnix japonica) distributed in a completely randomized design with 14 repetitions in order to check whether (PhSe)2 would change their blood and tissue oxidative/antioxidant status, which would lead to an improvement in the meat quality. Results. Adding Ph2Se2 in diets led to increased antioxidant activity of enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase, which consequently reduced oxidative levels in blood and tissues. Besides that, we observed an improvement in the quail meat quality; in other words, we observed an increased ability to hold water, a reduction in water loss from cooking, and reduced intensity of the yellow color in the breasts of birds that were fed with Ph2Se2. Conclusions. Therefore, we concluded that the antioxidant defense improvement in tissues that was provided by Ph2Se2 has a beneficial effect on meat quality. Resumen: El diseleniuro de difenilo (Ph2Se2) es un compuesto de selenio orgánico que es conocido por sus características antioxidantes. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar si Ph2Se2 en las dietas de codorniz (Coturnix japonica) influye en el estado oxidativo/antioxidante y la calidad de la carne. Materiales y métodos. Se proporcionaron cuatro dietas (0; 0.3; 0.6; 0.9 ppm Ph2Se2) a 56 codornices machos (Coturnix japonica) distribuidas en un diseño completamente aleatorizado con 14 repeticiones para verificar si Ph2Se2 cambiaría su sangre y tejido oxidativo/antioxidante, estado, lo que llevaría a una mejora en la calidad de la carne. Resultados. La adición de Ph2Se2 en las dietas provocó un aumento de la actividad antioxidante de enzimas como la catalasa, la superóxido dismutasa y la glutatión peroxidasa, lo que redujo los niveles de oxidación en la sangre y los tejidos. Además de eso, observamos una mejora en la calidad de la carne de codorniz; en otras palabras, observamos una mayor capacidad para retener agua, una reducción en la pérdida de agua debido a la cocción y una menor intensidad del color amarillo en las mamas de las aves que fueron alimentadas con Ph2Se2. Conclusiones. Por lo tanto, concluimos que la mejora de la defensa antioxidante en los tejidos proporcionada por Ph2Se2 tiene un efecto beneficioso sobre la calidad de la carne. Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-20T23:40:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 final9044.pdf: 307760 bytes, checksum: 45e56dc520eea7d914d0d7fe9f7a746e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-12-18