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Problem: The aim of the study was to investigate the experience of equestrians during the Corona disease, as they have not yet been the focus of research in this context.Methods: Disease-related guidelines on riders were analyzed, considering the constructs of restrictions and renunciation as well as the experience of worries in the respective riding stables and in dealing with the horses. To this end, 813 equestrians from Germany and Austria in particular were questioned online.Result: Horse owners experienced the requirements as more restrictive compared to riding participations; there were no differences in the experience of worries. People from riding stables where the disease-related requirements were adhered to experience the associated renunciation and restrictions more strongly compared to those from riding stables where the requirements were not adhered to. In stables with fewer horse boxes, people experienced the situation as less restrictive compared to stables with more boxes. Riders from Austria showed higher values for the constructs renunciation / restrictions and worries than German riders. Since the outbreak of the disease, equestrians stayed in the stables for a shorter time than before.Discussion: Results show that the Corona disease affects equine athletes differently in different areas, with much more research needed on the broader effects also including other Sports.Key Words:Psychological Well-Being, Equestrian Sport, Mental Strength, Experience, Crisis

For sensitive diagnosis and monitoring of pulmonary disease, ionizing radiation-free imaging methods are of great importance. A noncontrast and free-breathing proton magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique for assessment of pulmonary perfusion is phase-resolved functional lung (PREFUL) MRI. Since there is no validation of PREFUL MRI across different centers and scanners, the purpose of this study was to compare perfusion-weighted PREFUL MRI with the well-established dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI across two centers on scanners from two different vendors. Sixteen patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) (Center 1: 10 patients; Center 2: 6 patients) underwent PREFUL and DCE MRI at 1.5T in the same imaging session. Normalized perfusion-weighted values and perfusion defect percentage (QDP) values were calculated for the whole lung and three central slices (dorsal, central, ventral of the carina). Obtained parameters were compared using Pearson correlation, Spearman correlation, Bland–Altman analysis, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Moderate-to-strong correlations between normalized perfusion-weighted PREFUL and DCE values were found (posterior slice: r = 0.69, p 0.07). The feasibility of PREFUL MRI across two different centers and two different vendors was shown in patients with CF and obtained results were in agreement with DCE MRI.

Im Forschungsprojekt Normulität wurden mittels Normalisierungsprozesstheorie [ref:1] förderliche und hinderliche Rahmenbedingungen für das gemeinsame Lernen von Gesundheits- und Nicht-Gesundheitsberufen erhoben. Durch die Normalisierungsprozesstheorie sind Aussagen möglich, [zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]

Although there has been research regarding the horses´ responses to human behavior, there is still a gap concerning the knowledge about the interaction of horses and humans in showing individual responses to different human behavior in the same situation. In this work, the horses´ individual responses to different humans were examined to close this research gap and to identify whether horses do really respond differently to different people. To this end, 29 horse and human interactions (including two identical exercises in each situation) were videoed and then transcribed in the style of HANOS. The qualitative content analysis was appropriated on the basis of Mayring. Both of the methods were adjusted to the special study conditions as the nonverbal interactions between each person and one horse were focused but no verbal expressions. In total, just under 600 interactions were analyzed (quantitative analyses). Based on these analyses, it can be assumed that each human individual received an individual, different feedback from the horses.

Understanding the evolution of sexual ornaments, and particularly that of female sexual ornaments, is an enduring challenge in evolutionary biology. Key to this challenge are establishing the relationship between ornament expression and female reproductive investment, and determining the genetic basis underpinning such relationship. Advances in genomics provide unprecedented opportunities to study the genetic architecture of sexual ornaments in model species. Here, we present a quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of a female sexual ornament, the comb of the fowl, Gallus gallus, using a large-scale intercross between red junglefowl and a domestic line, selected for egg production. First, we demonstrate that female somatic investment in comb reflects female reproductive investment. Despite a trade-off between reproductive and skeletal investment mediated by the mobilization of skeletal minerals for egg production, females with proportionally large combs also had relatively high skeletal investment. Second, we identify a major QTL for bisexual expression of comb mass and several QTL specific to female comb mass. Importantly, QTL for comb mass were nonrandomly clustered with QTL for female reproductive and skeletal investment on chromosomes one and three. Together, these results shed light onto the physiological and genetic architecture of a female ornament.

Feather-pecking in domestic birds is associated with cannibalism and severe welfare problems. It is a dramatic example of a spiteful behaviour in which the victim's fitness is reduced for no immediate direct benefit to the perpetrator and its evolution is unexplained. Here we show that the plumage pigmentation of a chicken may predispose it to become a victim: birds suffer more drastic feather-pecking when the colour of their plumage is due to the expression of a wild recessive allele at PMEL17, a gene that controls plumage melanization, and when these birds are relatively common in a flock. These findings, obtained using an intercross between a domestic fowl and its wild ancestor, have implications for the welfare of domestic species and offer insight into the genetic changes associated with the evolution of feather-pecking during the early stages of domestication.

Data on the N20 content in air and water over the North Atlantic from 10° S to 60° N along 30° W are presented. The N20 mixing ratio in air shows low values for air masses originating from West Africa suggesting N20 sinks in these arid areas. The N20 concentration in surface water is 1.5 to 3 times higher than the equilibrium from the air indicating that this part of the Atlantic Ocean is a source for atmospheric N20. In deeper layers of the ocean there is an indication of N20 destruction.