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This metadata represents the protocol of a scoping review to identify topics explored in nursing neuroscience by mapping currently published research and identifying current gaps in the literature.

This metadata represents the protocol of a scoping review regarding the identification of barriers to and facilitators of nurses’ participation in survey research.

Introduction: A large proportion of all pregnancies worldwide occur in young adolescent women, and almost all these pregnancies are unintentional. To address effective educational interventions, it is necessary to assess adolescents’ knowledge on this topic. The aim of this study was to translate and validate the Italian version of the SexContraKnowinstrument. Methods: This was a methodological study. The validation of the instrument was performed following the EORTC Quality of Life Group translation procedure. The process consisted of four phases: translation, content validation, face validation, and pilot test. Data were collected between May and September 2021. Results: After performing forward and backward translations, we evaluated content validity (Scale-Content Validity Index=0.91) and face validity. We then conducted a pilot test, test re-test, with 10 students (Cronbach α=0.928; Pearson’s R=0.991). Conclusion: The Italian Version of the SexContraKnow instrument has a good level of validation and reliability and can be effectively used by nurses to assess adolescents’ knowledge about the use of contraceptives and to develop targeted educational interventions. This instrument will help to evaluate the effectiveness of education programmes about health literacy about safe sex and contraception. The attention of nurses should be actively directed towards the process of health literacy among adolescents, in the perspective of a society focused on the empowerment of the population., Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene, Vol. 63 No. 4 (2022): Vol. 63 No. 4 (2022)

Introduction Due to the impact on the public health systems of the ageing and the increasing frailty of the population, the European Union and the World Health Organisation have emphasised how family and community nurses (FCNs) could play an important in supporting the ageing process through prevention, promotion, and protection in the territory. Methods This study describes the first experience in Italy of a one-year postgraduate course divided into 5 modules for FCNs piloted as part of the EuropeaN curriculum for fAmily aNd Community nursE (ENhANCE) 2018-2020 project, funded by the European Commission. Participants included a total of 45 students and 23 lecturers and a team of clinical tutors. Results The Italian pilot course for the FCNs proved to be a successful example of innovative teaching methods using blended didactic methods, which enabled participants to achieve high-standard learning outcomes and competencies in the field of family and community nursing. Conclusions The pilot course described in this paper is well suited to preparing highly skilled family and community nurses to meet the growing healthcare needs of the population. Therefore, we have planned to replicate this course to increase the workforce of family and community nurses, who through their healthcare services aimed at prevention, promotion and protection, will be able to ensure high quality services to the public and consequently relieve the burden on acute hospitals., Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene, Vol. 63 No. 2 (2022): 2022632

Background: The terms critical incident technique and reflection are widely used but often not fully explained, resulting in ambiguity. Purpose: The aims of this review were to map and describe existing approaches to recording or using critical incidents and reflection in nursing and health professions literature over the last decade; identify challenges, facilitating factors, strengths, and weaknesses; and discuss relevance for nursing education. Methods: A systematic narrative review was undertaken. MEDLINE and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature were searched using MeSH terms, returning 223 articles (2006-2017). After exclusions, 41 were reviewed. Results: Articles were categorized into 3 areas: descriptions of the development of an original tool or model, critical incidents or reflection on events used as a learning tool, and personal reflections on critical incidents. Conclusions: Benefits have been identified in all areas. More attention is needed to the pedagogy of reflection and the role of educators in reflection.

Introduction There is a dearth of literature that specifically addresses the handover reporting process among healthcare staff working in children’s Emergency Department (ED). Widespread gaps in service provision, such as gaps in communication in handover reports to ambulance staff have been noted in the general literature on the topic. There are also improvements observed in handover when a structured mnemonic was encouraged. Structured reports improve communication, safety and may reduce medication errors. Thus the improvement of handover reporting in children’s ED has important implications for children’s healthcare practice. However little is known however about communication processes during handover reports in Italian children’s ED or its consequences for errors or risks. Methods A qualitative approach was used. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data from fivechildren’s EDnurses. Thematic content analysis was used to identify common themes. Results Emergentthemes were: interpersonal influences on handover; structural issues; and local contextual factors. Conclusions The findings prompted researchers to highlight the need for a standardized tool that improves communication during handover. As such, standardizing the communication process during handover could be effectively resolved by using a mnemonic tool adapted for handover in a paediatric emergency department., Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene, Vol 60 No 3 (2019): 2019603

Introduction Correctional nursing can involve significant ethical difficulties. This study examined ethical challenges encountered by correctional nurses in the Italian region of Liguria. Empirical data were analyzed in relation to relevant ethical standards. The former involved a study of 75 nurses and managers in the Ligurian correctional system, while the latter involved an analysis of the Italian Code of Ethics for Nurses and related standards for correctional practice. Methods Quantitative and qualitative methods were used for the empirical study. Questionnaires were administered to collect data on participants’ characteristics and care settings. The Measure of Job Satisfaction (MJS) was also administered. Five focus groups were conducted. Results Quantitative Data: Respondents identified factors that mostly impacted on recruitment and retention. Unfavourable factors included: structural, organizational, and relational factors. Favourable factors included: nursing consultation, continuing education activities, and peer support. MJS results were equal to ‘unsatisfied’. Qualitative Data: Five themes were identified through thematic analysis of focus group data: Health needs of incarcerated persons; Negotiation of the boundaries between care and custody; Job satisfaction related to nursing in a correctional setting; Barriers to providing good care; and Security needs. Ten categories of norms were identified in the Code as areas of ethical standards relevant for the empirical data. Conclusions Our empirical findings demonstrate that these nursing standards can be systematically compromised in correctional settings. Nurses feel compelled to provide ethically-problematic nursing services, with situations of moral distress. This research informs the development of needed policy, educational, and practice changes for nurses in correctional settings., Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene, Vol 59, No 4 (2018): 2018594

Malnutrition in institutionalized older people is a serious problem that has negative impact on patient outcomes. Recent literature reports that prevalence of malnutrition in hospital settings ranges from 30% to 50%. Health professionals give less priority to nutritional care in institutionalised older people than other health care interventions. Therefore, there is a general negative attitude toward this issue in health professionals. To describe the process of development of a complex intervention (CI) based on the Medical Research Council (MRC) framework, to fight malnutrition in older people in hospital settings. We have identified the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and implementation science as the conceptual framework on which to develop the complex intervention. Our target populations are nurses that work in geriatric wards and inpatients over 65 residing in those wards. Based on literature and our preliminary studies we have identified three ingredients of the complex interventions: (1) to involve local political and hospital management; (2) interactive workshops on best nutritional care with nurses of the wards involved in the study; (3) change in the routine of nutritional care during mealtimes and introduction of a validated tool to assess nutritional status. We would expect to improve nurses' attitudes toward nutritional care and reduce malnutrition. This article describes the development phase of a CI based on the MRC framework to fight malnutrition in older people in hospital settings. The development of a CI to fight malnutrition in hospital settings is a novel strategy that, based on our knowledge, has never been reported in literature. It could be a more effective strategy to fight malnutrition because it tries to change the attitudes of nurses' and all other actors involved in this issue and underline each individual's responsibility.

Per far crescere la qualità della formazione del personale infermieristico deve crescere il livello della ricerca nell’ambito delle professioni sanitarie. E’ necessario individuare nuove modalità nella raccolta e nella elaborazione dei dati che superino la sola analisi quantitativa. La ricerca qualitativa è oggi di grande attualità perché mette al centro i bisogni della persona assistita. Il volume illustra sia i principi generali della ricerca qualitativa che i tre metodi di riferimento (grounded theory, ricerca etnografica, ricerca fenomenologica) con un continuo rimando all’attività di pianificazione e agli obiettivi professionali della nuova generazione di infermieri.

This article profiles the establishment and initial phase (2010-2014) of a Center of Excellence (CoE) as an instrument to strengthen nursing scholarship and improve health care in Italy.This CoE is unique as a non-university-based center. The National Regulatory Board of Registered Nurses, Health Visitors, and Pediatric Nurses (IPASVI) designated substantial administrative and funding support to the CoE for advancing nursing education, clinical practice, research development, and research training. Boyer's Model of Scholarship underpinned the CoE's conceptual framework, and its operational infrastructure was adapted from the U.S. National Institutes of Health P20 program award mechanism. Diverse methods included sponsoring research studies by nurse-led teams, research training courses, nursing education longitudinal studies, evidence-based practice training, and related pilot studies.Multiple collaborative projects were conducted via the CoE in conjunction with the successful launch of an expansive digital library and communication system accessible to nurses. The introduction of English proficiency courses was also a unique contribution.The CoE concept is a potential instrument to strengthen nursing scholarship in Italy with potential scalability considerations to other global settings.An overlapping focus on research, education, and practice under the umbrella of nursing scholarship within a CoE while engaging all levels of nursing is important to impact healthcare changes.

The topic of the thesis is the opportunity recognition process with a special focus on the electricity market. The paper is organized in three big chapters. The first one contains an extensive literature review about the opportunity recognition process. An insight in recent entrepreneurship research shows an increasing number of contributions and a considerable academic interest for the phenomenon. This work concentrates on the existence, discovery and exploitation of entrepreneurial opportunities. The second chapter considers a set of about fifty entrepreneurs operating in technological fields and investigates, through detailed interviews using Grounded Theory, exactly the path through which the individual becomes entrepreneur. Using some theoretical models, that jointly consider the role of entrepreneurs and of opportunities, a deepen comprehension of the phenomenon has been reached. Also a quantitative approach, using a factor analysis, highlights the existence of latent factors and regularities drawing the process of opportunity recognition: in particular the ones referring to education reinforce the idea that it is possible to create a fertile environment for entrepreneurship. The third chapter deepens the previous analysis through the study of a specific industry: the electricity market. The study aims to identify suitable regulatory frameworks and business models for transmission investment to enable international exchange and local use of renewable energy across the EU and MENA regions. In particular the analysis explores how policy frameworks can support the discovery of some opportunities and the rise of some entrepreneurial projects. This research has its roots in the guidelines suggested by the European Union to overcome the actual crisis enhancing innovation, through new entrepreneurship and SMEs, and competitiveness, through sustainable development and cost savings especially about energy.

In the literature we found many studies that confirmed our concerns about nursing students' poor maths skills that directly impact on their ability to correctly calculate drug dosages with very serious consequences for patient safety. The aim of our study was to explore where students had most difficulty and identify appropriate educational interventions to bridge their mathematical knowledge gaps. This was a quali-quantitative descriptive study that included a sample of 726 undergraduate nursing students. We identified exactly where students had most difficulty and identified appropriate educational interventions to bridge their mathematical knowledge gaps. We found that the undergraduate nursing students mainly had difficulty with basic maths principles. Specific learning interventions are needed to improve their basic maths skills and their dosage calculation skills. For this purpose, we identified safeMedicate and eDose (Authentic World Ltd.), only that they are only available in English. In the near future we hope to set up a partnership to work together on the Italian version of these tools.

To validate the Staff Attitudes to Nutritional Nursing Care Geriatric scale in Italian, a tool created in Sweden to measure nurses' attitudes towards nutritional care in older people.Malnutrition in institutionalized older people is a serious problem having negative impact on patient outcomes. It is reported in the literature that nurses have negative attitudes towards nutritional care.Forward and back-translation were carried out to build the Italian version of the tool. Content and face validity were then examined by pilot study. Test-retest reliability with Spearman's rho (rs) correlation, intraclass correlation (ICC) and internal consistency reliability with Cronbach's α were assessed. Differences between test-rest were assessed by t-test.Linguistic and semantic adaptation of the tool into Italian was successful. Thirty-three nurses skilled in caring for older patients did pilot testing and 46 test-retesting. SANN-G GITA-scale achieved good content and face validity, good internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's α = 0.85) and acceptable stability [rs = 0.75, P = 0.001; ICC = 0.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.63-0.86; P = 0.001]. The t-test showed no significant difference between test and retest results, confirming stability of the tool (t(64) = -0.98; P = 0.33).The process of adaptation of the scale from Swedish to Italian language was successful. Thus, the SANN-GITA scale can be useful to assess attitudes of nursing staff to nutritional care in the Italian context.This tool will allow the identification of areas where Italian nurses have negative attitudes and where to implement strategies to improve overall nutritional care.