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OBJECTIVE: Postoperative gross residual disease after cytoreductive surgery for advanced ovarian cancer impacts patient survival negatively. Specifically, unresected enlarged, metastatic supradiaphragmatic lymph nodes (SDLNs) may worsen progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Multiple studies have shown that upper abdominal debulking during primary cytoreductive surgery improves survival outcomes, but the evidence for resection of SDLN metastasis is less definitive. This review focuses on the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of SDLN resection for metastatic disease in advanced-stage ovarian cancer and explores emerging data on survival outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature review from January 2004 to December 2021 identified 4 relevant studies, all published after 2016. Eligible studies included patients with advanced ovarian, tubal, or peritoneal cancer who had undergone SDLN resection using a transdiaphragmatic approach or video-assisted thorascopy, and had evaluated SDLN dissection for diagnoses and treatment or assessed the benefits of SDLN resection as it relates to prognosis. RESULTS: All 4 studies demonstrated the feasibility and safety of SDLN resection. Three of the studies reported a low intrathoracic recurrence rate after intrathoracic debulking. Cowan et al. described an impressive median PFS and OS of 17.2 months and 70.1 months, respectively, in patients who had undergone SDLN resection. CONCLUSIONS: Resection of enlarged SDLNs in carefully selected patients has the potential to confirm intrathoracic disease spread, help achieve maximal cytoreduction without delaying adjuvant treatment, and improve survival. More studies are needed to quantify the survival benefit of SDLN resection. (J GYNECOL SURG 38:202)