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This study aims to improve natural science (IPA) learning achievement using the Multy Reprecentacy (DMR) Discourse learning model. This study is a class action research conducted with two (2) cycles. Each cycle consists of three (3) meetings, namely two (2) meetings for the learning process and one (1) meeting for achievement tests that are done independently. Each cycle follows the stages of the Kemmis and Taggart model which includes four components: planning, action, observation and reflection. The data collected in this study is the result of research related to the implementation of learning using the Multy Reprecentacy (DMR) Discourse model on natural science (IPA) material. Data collection techniques use test and non-test techniques with descriptive and qualitative approaches. The results showed that the use of the Multy Reprecentacy (DMR) Discourse model in natural science learning activities can improve student achievement. This increase in prestige is the effect of better and conductive teaching and learning activities of teachers and students. The success of this increase in learning achievement can be seen from the increase in learning achievement scores after conducting achievement tests with the "Multy Reprecentacy (DMR) Discourse" model, compared to learning using the lecture method. So learning using the "Multy Reprecentacy (DMR) Discourse" model, is proven to increase the achievement of science (science) for junior high school students.

This study aims to increase the activity and learning achievement of natural sciences (IPA) using the Think Pair Share learning model. This research is a class action research carried out in two (2) cycles. Each cycle consists of three (3) meetings consisting of two (2) meetings for the learning process and one (1) meeting for achievement tests which are done independently. Each cycle follows the stages of the Kemmis and Taggart models which include four components, namely planning, action, observation and reflection. The data collected in this study is the result of research related to the implementation of learning using the Think Pair Share model on natural science material (IPA). Data collection techniques using test and non-test techniques with descriptive and qualitative approaches. The results of the study show that the use of the Think Pair Share model in natural science learning activities can increase student activity and achievement. In other words, the teaching and learning activities of teachers and students increase as well as student achievement increases. Indicators of the success of this study can be seen from the results of observations and achievement test results after learning is carried out using the "Thik Pair Share" model.

Detergen merupakan limbah domestik yang paling umum mengkontaminasi lingkungan perairan dan menyebabkan berbagai toksisitas terhadap organisme akuatik sehingga mempengaruhi aktivitas budidaya, salah satunya pada budidaya ikan nila. Detergen memiliki sifat iritan dan toksik yang dapat mengakibatkan perubahan struktural pada organ tubuh ikan. Insang merupakan organ yang rentan terdampak polutan karena terjadi kontak langsung dengan kontaminan dalam air. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran histologi insang benih ikan nila yang terpapar detergen pada periode paparan yang berbeda. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di laboratorium akuakultur Universitas Diponegoro Semarang, menggunakan metode penelitian rancangan acak lengkap dengan empat perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Ikan uji yang digunakan adalah benih ikan nila berumur ±2 bulan dengan bobot rata-rata 1,24±0,3 gr/ekor. Dosis detergen yang digunakan adalah dosis subletal yaitu 2,4 mg/L yang ditambahkan pada setiap perlakuan kecuali perlakuan A (kontrol). Lama paparan pada setiap perlakuan A, B, C, dan D secara berturut-turut yaitu 45, 15, 30, dan 45 hari. Parameter yang diukur meliputi gambaran histopatologi insang, gejala klinis, mortalitas dan kualitas air. Tingkat kerusakan insang ditentukan dengan metode skoring dan dianalisis menggunakan uji Kruskal Wallis, apabila terdapat perbedaan yang nyata maka dilanjutkan dengan uji Mann-Whitney U. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan periode paparan detergen memberikan perubahan histopatologi insang berupa edema, hipertrofi, hiperplasia dan fusi dengan tingkat kerusakan terparah pada perlakuan D (rata-rata skor 4), diikuti perlakuan C (rata-rata skor 3), perlakuan B (rata-rata skor 1,33) dan perlakuan A (rata-rata skor 0). Hasil kelulushidupan terendah yaitu pada perlakuan D sebesar 75,56% dan tertinggi pada perlakuan A sebesar 95,56%. Nilai kualitas air selama penelitian masih berada dikisaran yang layak yaitu DO 3,5-8,7 mg/l, suhu 25-29°C dan pH 7,1-7,9. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah perbedaan periode paparan detergen memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap histopatologi insang benih ikan nila. Tingkat kerusakan insang tertinggi hingga terendah yaitu perlakuan D, diikuti perlakuan C, perlakuan B dan perlakuan A.

This study aims to analyze the maintenance of the main propulsion fuel oil system for tugboats using both qualitative and quantitative methods. The focus is on evaluating the reliability of the system and identifying potential areas for improvement. The research employs a combination of expert interviews, industry standards, and statistical analysis to provide a comprehensive overview of the maintenance practices in place. The goal is to enhance the overall performance and longevity of the main propulsion fuel oil system in tugboats. The study uses data on the operational time, failure time and frequency, the number of vessels served, and fuel system diagrams to analyze the system's reliability. Qualitative methods such as Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) and Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) were used, as well as quantitative methods such as Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE), Markovian Decision Process (MDP), and reliability methods. The study found that the FO Purifier component was the critical component with a Risk Priority Number (RPN) of 294. The average value of OEE was 47%, lower than the standard of 85%. The MDP analysis showed a probability of 0.08 for mild damage and 0.46 for moderate to severe damage under steady-state conditions. The FO Purifier component had the lowest Mean Time to Failure (MTTF) value of 1658.50 hours. The study provides a graph of the reliability function against time, and recommends maintenance actions based on the MTTF and MDP.

Ikan baung (Mystus nemurus) merupakan salah satu ikan air tawar ekonomis penting. Budidaya ikan baung masih memiliki kendala berupa tingkat pertumbuhan lambat yang mana dapat memakan waktu hingga 1 tahun untuk mencapai ukuran yang dapat dipasarkan. Salah satu cara dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan ikan baung yakni dengan meningkatkan kualitas pakan yang tersedia melalui penambahan lisin pada pakan. Lisin berperan dalam pembentukan kartnitin yang merupakan senyawa pembawa asam lemak rantai panjang Meningkatnya metabolisme asam lemak rantai panjang ketersediaan energi non protein semakin tinggi dan energi dari protein digunakan secara optimal untuk pertumbuhan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh dan dosis optimum pada penambahan lisin pada pakan buatan terhadap efisiensi pemanfaatan pakan, pertumbuhan dan kelulushidupan ikan baung (M. nemurus). Ikan baung (M. nemurus) yang digunakan dalam penelitian memiliki bobot rata-rata 43,6±4,62g. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Balai Perbenihan Ikan Air Tawar Ngrajek, Magelang, Jawa Tengah pada bulan Juni - Agustus 2021. Ikan uji yang digunakan adalah ikan baung dengan bobot rata-rata 43,6±4,62g/ekor. Pemberian pakan dilakukan dengan metode at satiation. Kualitas air dalam media pemeliharaan ikan baung selama penelitian telah memenuhi syarat kelayakan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen, rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri atas 4 perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan. Perlakuan yang diterapkan adalah perlakuan A, B, C, dan D masing-masing dengan penambahan lisin sebesar 0%, 0,6%, 1,2%, dan 1,8%/kg pakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan lisin berpengaruh nyata (P

Tuberkulosis (TB) adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh Mycobacterium tuberculosis yang ditularkan melalui udara pernapasan. Sumber penularan TBC adalah melalui penderita TBC BTA positif saat batuk atau bersin, menyebarkan kuman ke udara berupa percikan dahak dalam waktu yang lama di udara. Air garam merupakan bahan yang digunakan untuk pengawetan (anti/membunuh kuman). Bahan aktif dalam garam berfungsi sebagai anti bakteri berupa unsur klorin (Cl), karena bersifat diatomik. Proses pelepasan unsur Cl dari molekul garam meja NaCl, kemudian Cl dengan ikatan Cl lainnya membentuk gas Cl2 dengan metode elektrolisis air garam. Fungsi reaksi elektrolisis air garam merusak ikatan NaCl sehingga logam natrium (Na) dan gas klorin (Cl2) menyebar ke udara. Penelitian ini dilakukan di rumah pasien TB yang menjadi obyek penelitian di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Gamping II Kabupaten Sleman Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini menghasilkan waktu paparan optimal 15 menit menghasilkan gas Cl2 sebesar 0,2067 ppm dan waktu kontak optimal 15 menit dengan penurunan jumlah kuman 56,22%. Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis which is transmitted through respiratory air. The source of TB transmission is through smear-positive TB patients when coughing or sneezing, spreading germs into the air in the form of phlegm splashes for a long time in the air. Saltwater is an ingredient used for preservation (anti/kills germs). The active ingredient in salt functions as an anti-bacterial in the form of elemental chlorine (Cl), because it is diatomic. The process of releasing Cl elements from NaCl table salt molecules, then Cl with other Cl bonds to form Cl2 gas by the salt water electrolysis method. The brine electrolysis reaction function damage the NaCl bond to metallic sodium (Na) and chlorine gas (Cl2) spread into the air. This research was conducted at the home of TB patients as the object of research in the Gamping II Health Center Work Area, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta. This study resulted in an optimal exposure time of 15 minutes producing Cl2 gas of 0.2067 ppm and an optimal contact time of 15 minutes with a reduction in the number of germs of 56.22%.

Vannamei shrimp culture is a fishery sub-sector that is being promoted by the Indonesian government. The vannamei shrimp culture great bussiness prospect makes many farmers to carry out these business activities. However, if the culture business is carried out in an environmentally unfriendly way, the sustainability of the business will stop. The purpose of this study is to determine the correct strategy for the development of vannamei shrimp culture in plastic ponds in Tegal Regency, Central Java. The research method used is the survey method with purposive sampling, the respondent sampling technique is non probability sampling and data collection with interviews, questionnaires, observation and documentation. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively and SWOT. The number of respondents was 38 people. The results indicated that the production of vannamei shrimp has decreased in the last three years due to Acute Hepato Pancreatic Necrosis Disease outbreak. A calculation matrix factor strategy internal (IFAS), strength (S) biggest are good and correct culture SOPs (0.349) and the calculation of the external strategy matrix (EFAS), opportunities (O) the largest is the large market goose p (0,293). Relationship factor occupy cell V, from effort the describe the situation growth and stability which means that the business is in a relatively stable condition and growth is likely to occur. Based on the SWOT analysis, the ranking of alternative strategies obtained is the SO strategy (Strengths – Opportunities) with total score of 3,602. Priority alternative strategy which used is optimizing the quality and quantity of products by using good and correct SOP, using technology, available infrastructure and availability of adequate seeds to produce quality and quantity of products so that continuity is maintained, so as to meet high market and consumer demand.

Lalat rumah merupakan salah satu vektor mekanik penularan atau penyebaran penyakit yang selama ini terus diteliti pengendaliannya. Salah satu cara pemberantasan lalat yang paling sering digunakan adalah dengan menggunakan insektisida. Salah satunya adalah dengan menggunakan daun sereh wangi (Cymbopogon nardus). Kandungan aktif dari daun sereh wangi (Cymbopogon nardus) adalah sitronelal dan geraniol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas minyak sereh sereh wangi (Cymbopogon nardus) dengan metode vaporizing mat sebagai insektisida terhadap lalat rumah (Musca domestica) dalam menanggulangi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan lalat rumah (Musca domestica). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian experimental worshop Kesehatan lingkungan Poltekkes Kemenkes Yogyakarta dengan menggunakan metode pre test only control grup desain. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah sejumlah lalat rumah (Musca domestica) yang telah memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan telah diseleksi dan didapatkan dari hasil penangkapan di sekitar TPS Ngundi Raharjo menggunakan paper cup. Minyak sereh wangi sereh wangi (Cymbogon nardus) dipanaskan melalui elektrik mat ke dalam kandang jaring yang berukuran 25cm x 25cm x 25cm yang telah diisi 10 ekor lalat rumah (Musca domestica) dewasa. Pengulangan dilakukan sebanyak 5 kali pada interval waktu yaitu jam ke-1, ke-2, ke-3, ke-4, ke-5, ke-6 dan jam ke-24. Perlakuan yang digunakan yaitu konsentrasi minyak sereh wangi (Cymbopogon nardus) sebesar 15%, 20%, dan 25% dan kontrol (larutan aquades). Pada waktu pengamatan jam ke-1, ke-2, ke-3, ke-4, ke-5, ke-6 dan ke-24 masing-masing menunjukkan nilai signifikansi (sig. < 0,05) dan disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang sangat bermakna antara variasi konsentrasi minyak sereh wangi (Cymbopogon nardus) sebagai insektisida terhadap lalat rumah (Musca domestica). Potensi insektisida tidak hanya dipengaruhi oleh besar kecilnya konsentrasi, tetapi juga dipengaruhi oleh lamanya waktu pengamatan. Kata kunci : Insektida, lalat, minyak sereh wangi, vaporizing mat

The South China Sea, rich in mineral resources, has become a source of conflict dragging regional countries and ASEAN. The Council for Foreign Relations (CFR) noted that 900 trillion cubic feet of natural gas could be maximized into unlimited energy. The ASEAN Defense Ministers' Meeting (ADMM), which is assigned as a consultative instrument and cooperation in the defense sector, must address the SCS issue. Therefore, this study aims to promote peace and stability in the South China Sea Region by increasing cooperation between Indonesia and ASEAN countries in the defense sector through ADMM. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method. The main findings of the study demonstrate that (i) the geographical and geostrategic position of the SCS creates a security dilemma for almost all powers in East Asia and the wider Asia-Pacific region, (ii) ensuring freedom of navigation is essential, sea lines of communication (SLOCs) through the SCS have regional and geostrategic importance, and finally (iii) the use of approaches through the ADMM found a solid improvement in regional stability.

Ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio) merupakan salah satu komoditas perikanan air tawar yang memiliki nilai ekonomis untuk dibudidayakan. Diperlukan benih yang berkualitas untuk dibudidayakan karena benih ikan mas biasanya didatangkan dari luar daerah. Metode pengangkutan pada benih ikan mas perlu diperhatikan untuk mengurangi tingkat resiko kematian. Dengan melalui proses pembiusan dapat menjadi upaya untuk menurunkan tingkat metabolisme yang dapat mempertahankan kualitas air dalam wadah pengangkutan sehingga akan menekan angka kematian. Salah satu bahan yang dapat digunakan yaitu minyak pohon teh (Melaleuca alternifolia) yang terdiri dari hidrokarbon terpene terutama monoterpen, seskuiterpen dan alkohol. Komponen Terpinen-4-ol, 1,8-cineole dan a-terpinol yang terkandung dalam minyak pohon teh (Melaleuca alternifolia) memiliki kemampuan menyebabkan efek anestesi pada ikan.Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada tanggal 3-14 Juni 2021 di Mina Patriot Farm, Semarang, Jawa Tengah. Metode yang digunakan adalah eksperimen dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) menggunakan 4 perlakuan dengan 3 pengulangan. Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah penambahan minyak pohon teh dengan dosis A 0,00 ml/L, B 0,05 ml/L, C 0,10 ml/L dan D 0,15 ml/L. Jumlah sampel yang diuji yaitu 120 ekor benih ikan mas dengan kepadatan 5 ekor/1 liter air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan minyak pohon teh (Melaleuca alternifolia) memberikan pengaruh nyata (P

Research work aimed to prove the cooling effectiveness and efficiency of heating numerically. It was carried out by reconstructing the mold to reduce condensation while keeping the production cycle time. The simulation was done using CFD Fluent, Finite Volume Method (FVM) with a solution method of pressure-velocity, SIMPLE coupling, and second-order upwind discretization scheme. The model's boundary condition represents plastic packaging's production process. The simulation was done to optimize performance during production. Reconstruction and simulation were undertaken. The initial investigation was to produce data for cooling time versus the whole production time. The research result indicated that the average cooling time was 3/5 of the total production time. There were 15.5706 of 26.4206 sec and 15.641 of 26.491 sec, respectively. Further investigation was focused on investigating heat absorption and transfer through cells in the matrix. The porous effect showed temperature gradient reduction between cooled and cooler temperatures by simulation in color. The phenomenon predicted that the Ra contributed to the rate of temperature decrease revealed. There is also an apparent increase in temperature interfaces is evidence. The porous media application with The Rayleigh Number ≥ 105 retained the potential cooling effectivity and heating efficiency. By simulation, a series of discussions of the result of research, the potential may apply in the plastic mold to reconstruct the space and its methods using filling-porous. It is relevant because the heating ability in the phase change of fluid that creates particular characteristics has the potential to make effective cooling.

Kemandirian alutsista nasional dalam memproduksi alat pertahanan dan keamanan dalam suatu negara akan dapat memberikan efek deterrent dalam pergaulan antar negara secara regional maupun internasional. Perbedaan cara dalam mengelola industri pertahanan oleh negara-negara maju dan negara-negara berkembang dapat dijadikan acuan untuk meningkatkan performa industri pertahanan negara dengan menerapkan beberapa hal yang dapat dilakukan dengan penyesuaian kondisi lingkungan berjalan. Disamping itu, mengacu pada sejarah pendirian dan proses berkembangnya industri pertahanan di Indonesia, diperlukan konsistensi pemerintah melalui KKIP dengan pengimplementasikan undang-undang tentang industri pertahanan yang telah dibuat serta evaluasi secara terus menerus terhadap hasil juga akan dapat meningkatkan siklus hidup industri pertahanan itu sendiri. Sehingga hasil pembelajaran pengelolaan industri pertahanan oleh negara-negara maju digabungkan dengan implementasi undang-undang dalam industri pertahanan dalam negeri akan dapat dengan cepat meningkatkan performa industri pertahanan menuju kemandirian alutsista nasional.

Penjadwalan dalam proses reparasi sering kali tidak sesuai dengan perencanaan awal di main schedule dari kapal tersebut. Keterlambatan dari suatu proyek pengerjaan bangunan kapal baru atau reparasi kapal akan menimbulkan kerugian yang berdampak kepada banyak pihak; baik pihak galangan, owner, dan pihak ketiga. Salah satu cara yang efektif untuk meminimalisir terjadinya keterlambatan adalah melakukan percepatan dengan Critical Path Method (CPM). Objek penelitian yang dipilih adalah reparasi kapal TB. Patra Tunda 3001. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan durasi baru setelah dilakukan reschedule reparasi kapal, menemukan aktivitas pekerjaan pada lintasan kritis, mendapatkan nilai produktivitas tenaga kerja, mencari waktu dan biaya paling optimal untuk mempercepat durasi proyek dengan adanya crashing melalui opsi perbandingan dua alternatif yaitu penambahan jam kerja (jam lembur) dan penambahan tenaga kerja. Total biaya normal sebesar Rp 9.360.000. Dari analisa pengolahan data didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa penambahan jam kerja (jam lembur) dan penambahan tenaga kerja menunjukkan percepatan yang sama optimalnya dengan hasil 25% yaitu 4 hari lebih awal dari total durasi nomal proyek 16 hari. Terdapat selisih biaya 39,31% lebih besar dari durasi normal dengan alternatif penambahan jam kerja (jam lembur) dan selisih pengurangan biaya 27,35% lebih kecil dari durasi normal dengan alternatif penambahan tenaga kerja. Reschedule Repari Kapal TB. Patra Tunda 3001 dengan penambahan kerja lebih efisien dan optimal pengerjaannya.

Gulma merupakan salah satu masalah utama dalam sistem budi daya tanaman, khususnya di lahan kering. Oleh karena itu, pengetahuan tentang pengolahan tanah di lahan kering dengan tanpa olah tanah akan memberikan informasi berguna dalam pengelolaan gulma. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kelimpahan gulma berdasarkan golongan dan spesies gulma, bobot kering gulma, dan rasio dominansi gulma pada lahan tanpa olah tanah (TOT) di lahan kering. Rancangan lapang yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok dengan tiga ulangan. Observasi dan pengambilan sampling dilakukan melalui pengamatan gulma pada waktu 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, dan 10 minggu. Komponen kelimpahan gulma yang diamati meliputi jumlah gulma, bobot kering gulma dan rasio dominansi gulma. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gulma golongan daun lebar memiliki jumlah spesies tertinggi namun dengan dominasi yang setara dengan gulma golongan rumput. Cynodon dactylon merupakan spesies paling dominan yang tumbuh di lahan kering tanpa olah tanah yang konsisten di setiap waktu pengamatan dengan jumlah >500, nilai rasio dominansi gulma >10, dan bobot kering biomassa >12 g. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pola pertumbuhan gulma di lahan kering tanpa olah tanah dalam upaya pengendaliannya untuk kepentingan budi daya pertanian.Abstract Weeds are one of the main problems in cropping systems, especially on dry land. Therefore, the knowledge of soil tillage in dryland areas with no-till will provide svaluable information in weed management. The objective of this study was to determine the abundance of weeds based on weed types and species, weed dry weight, and summed dominance ratio in dryland conditions with no-till. The field design used was a randomized block design with three replications. Observation and sampling were conducted by observing weeds at a time of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 weeks. Weed abundance components observed included the number of weeds, summed dominance ratio, and dry weight of weeds. The results showed that the broadleaf weeds had the highest number of species, but the dominance was equivalent to the grass weeds. Cynodon dactylon was the most dominant and consistent species that grew in dryland with no-till with the number of species >500, summed dominance ratio >10, and biomass dry weight >12 g at each observation time. The implication of this study was to know the pattern of weeds growing in dryland área with no-till to control weeds for cropping systems purposes.

Demam Berdarah masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di Indonesia. Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan oleh pemerintah dalam mengatasi penyakit ini. Pemberantasan melalui fase jentik menjadi peran penting dalam pengedalian penyakit DBD. Terjadi peningkatan kasus DBD di Kecamatan Srandakan pada tahun 2019. Sebagai solusi terhadap permasalah adalah dengan memberikan pemahaman mengenai penyakit DBD, pemberdayaan masyarkat dengan pengendalian larva vektor DBD dengan mengunakan ikan sepat (Trichogaster trichopterus) pada bak penampungan air. Hasil kegiatan menunjukan adanya peningkatan Angka bebas jentik di Dusun Klurahan, Trimurti, Srandakan, Bantul.

Permasalahan yang ditemukan pada budidaya ikan air tawar, salah satunya adalah penyakit Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS) yang disebakan oleh bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila. Upaya pencegahan MAS dengan memanfaatkan ekstrak tumbuhan herbal karena tidak menimbulkan efek resisten terhadap ikan sehingga cocok untuk akuakultur berkelanjutan. Ekstrak daun binahong dan temulawak terbukti dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri A. hydrophila. Diduga penggunaan kombinasi ekstrak lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan ekstrak tunggal untuk mencegah infeksi bakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh kombinasi ekstrak daun binahong dan temulawak pada pakan terhadap total eritrrosit dan gejala klinis ikan lele yang diinfeksi bakteri A. hydrophila. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimental dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) terdiri dari 6 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Ikan lele uji yang digunakan memiliki panjang 7-9 cm dengan kepadatan 1 ekor/L dan dipelihara pada akuarium berisi air 10 L. Dosis ektrak daun binahong dan temulawak yang digunakan, yaitu 2500 ppm dan 900 ppm dengan perbandingan A (0%:0%), B (100%:0%), C (75%:25%), D (50%:50%), E (25%:75%) dan F (0%:100%). Pakan uji diberikan selama 14 hari, kemudin pada hari berikutnya dilakukan infeksi bakteri A. hydrophila secara intramuscular sebanyak 106 CFU/mL. Variabel pengamatan meliputi total eritrosit, gejala klinis dan kualitas air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa total eritrosit berbeda nyata setelah ikan diberi pakan uji dan setelah dilakukan infeksi. Gejala klinis yang ditunjukkan ikan yang terinfeksi bakteri A. hydrophila, yaitu menurun nafsu makannya, terdapat bercak merah, luka dan hemoragi serta warna tubuh memucat. Kata kunci: Ikan lele, Aeromonas hydrophila, Daun Binahong, Temulawak

Keberhasilan budidaya secara intensif lele Sangkuriang (Clarias gariepinus var Sangkuriang) sangat tergantung dari keberadaan pakan. Dalam kegiatan budidaya pakan merupakan komponen yang membutuhkan biaya tinggi hampir 50-60% dari biaya produksi. Kondisi tersebut kemungkinan dikarenakan efisiensi pakan belum maksimal untuk mendukung pertumbuhan ikan. Salah satu solusi untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut dengan suplementasi Saccharomyces cerevisiae dalam pakan komersil. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengkaji pengaruh suplementasi S. cerevisiae pada pakan buatan komersial terhadap keceernaan protein, efisiensi pemanfaatan pakan dan pertumbuhan benih lele Sangkuriang. Perlakuan dalam penelitian ini adalah suplementasi S. cerevisiae pada pakan buatan komersial dengan dosis berbeda, yaitu 0 %/kg pakan (A), 0,5 %/kg pakan (B), 1 %/kg pakan (C), 1,5 %/kg pakan (D) dan 2 %/kg pakan (E). Suplementasi S. cerevisiae pada pakan buatan komersial berpengaruh nyata (P0,05) terhadap kelulushidupan benih lele Sangkuriang. Dosis S. cerevisiae 2 %/kg pakan merupakan dosis terbaik bagi benih lele Sangkuriang menghasilkan nilai ADCp, EFU, dan RGR tertinggi sebesar 76,38%; 80,34% dan 4,03 g/hari.

Sarjito S, Amalia R, Sabdaningsih A. 2022. Screening of sponge-associated bacteria to control vibriosis in vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Biodiversitas 23: 5333-5341. An intensive shrimp culture with a high stocking density causes a higher chance of vannamei shrimp being infected with diseases. The most frequent disease is caused by Vibrio sp. Vibrio might cause a severe production loss in the shrimp culture, leading to larvae and mature stadium mortality at 50%. Therefore, a study on the alternative management of vibriosis disease using biocontrol agents is urgently needed. The sponge is a marine invertebrate that provides as a shelter for microbes to live and symbiosis with the animal. An evident ability of sponge-associated bacteria to produce antimicrobial compounds can be exploited as a biodegradable bio-agent, potentially as a solution to control vibriosis disease in a shrimp. This research aimed to isolate sponge-associated bacteria with vibriosis antibacterial potential. Sampling was done in Tulamben, Bali and Panjang island, Jepara, Indonesia with six sampling sites consisting of 15 sampling points. Moreover, vibriosis bacteria were provided by the laboratory of fish disease at Balai Besar Perikanan Budidaya Air Payau (BBPBAP) Jepara. Totally, 24 and 47 pure cultures were successfully isolated using Zobell 2216E agar medium from Tulamben, Bali and Panjang Island, Jepara respectively. The isolates were tested for antibacterial assay using plug agar diffusion methods. The top eight potential isolates were found in isolate B6.3C, B6.3D, B6.4E, B9.3C, PA.1, PA.4, PC.3, and PH.1 against Vibrio vulnificus, V. anguillarum, V. alginolyticus, V. parahaemolyticus, however there was no activity in V. harveyi. The molecular method was carried out to identify those potential isolates using universal primer 16S rRNA. The BLAST homology showed that all potential antibacterial isolates belong to the family Bacilllaceae, such as Bacillus cereus, Virgibacillus salarius, B. aerius, B. paramycoides, B. thuringiensis, and B. altitudinis. Further research will be carried out on microencapsulation and in vivo tests.

The need for human mobility is constantly increasing over time, so the demand for vehicle production mass is still relatively high. A large number of conventional vehicle use makes the impact of dependence on fuel oil. This dependence is very threatening for various aspects. Increasing the combustion efficiency in the engine room is necessary. Turbo cyclone is an additional component applied to the intake manifold, which causes the originally linear inflow to rotate (swirl) and mix fuel with air more maximally in the combustion engine to increase the combustion efficiency. Recently, we fabricated and characterized turbo cyclone and intake manifold spacer to increase the combustion engine's performance. Turbo cyclone designed in two different blades with a degree 400 with an angle of inclination blade. Intake manifold spacer designed with 24 grooves with a 400 angle. A selected sample in this research is the Honda Supra Fit 125CC year 2006. In this study, to increase the combustion engine's performance, we applied the 3-blade turbo cyclone and 4-blade turbo cyclone in the air filter. We applied an intake manifold spacer between the combustion engine and carburetor. Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) of turbo cyclone and intake manifold spacer is shown the changing in velocity, pressure, and turbulence intensity. The specific result shown in 4-blade turbo cyclone with change in velocity is 0.14009 m/s, with pressure drop -0.04582 Pa, and the change of turbulence intensity value is 2.44536 % explain that the turbulence condition is a medium-turbulence case. The unspecific result in the intake manifold spacer shows only a change in velocity 0.26269 m/s with a pressure drop of only -0.00673 Pa, which means the inner flow profile is almost linear. It proves from turbulence intensity value only 0.41247 % explain that internal air-flow in low-turbulence flow condition. Based on turbulence case from turbulence intensity, it has shown increased performance in the medium-turbulence case. These results suggest that turbo cyclone and intake manifold spacer can increase the performance of combustion engines.

Kemajemukan merupakan kekayaan dan modal sosial yang sangat baik. Pada sisi lain, kemajemukan memiliki potensi konflik laten yang dapat mengancam keamanan, dan perdamaian di masyarakat. Sebagai salah satu provinsi di Indonesia yang memiliki tingkat pluralisme yang kompleks, Papua ditinggali oleh berbagai suku asli Papua dan suku yang berasal dari luar Provinsi Papua. Dalam artikel ini, peneliti menguraikan strategi komunikasi yang dilakukan oleh Tentara Nasional Indonesia (TNI) yakni Kodam XVII Cenderawasih dan Lantamal X Jayapura. Kedua institusi yang merupakan institusi Tentara Nasional Indonesia (TNI) dalam bertanggung jawab menciptakan situasi kondusif di masyarakat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan dengan wawancara dan studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan strategi komunikasi antar budaya oleh TNI sebagai wujud kemanunggalannya dengan rakyat, yaitu: smart-power, yang terdiri dari Soft power diterapkan kepada pihak non bersenjata, sedangkan hard power diterapkan kepada kelompok sipil yang bersenjata. Strategi komunikasi antar budaya dilakukan dengan pendekatan agama, budaya, dan kesetaraan. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi bahan evaluasi bagi Kodam XVII Cendrawasih dan Lantamal X Jayapura.

Strategic leadership is focused on determining organizational policies and goals. In terms of leadership, a leader must provide a sense of security to the community in any condition. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected many aspects of people's lives. As a result, the virus has an impact on social, economic, and other important activities. What most people feel is the difficulty of meeting their daily needs due to the declining economic system. Of course, this is the responsibility of the government in providing solutions in overcoming the problems that arise due to COVID-19, including the Tulungagung Regency government which is also facing this outbreak. Through qualitative studies, namely reviews of books, journals, other important documents, official government news, and private media news, Therefore, to realize this, various strategies will be carried out that will produce strategic policies related to the economy whose aim is to meet the needs of the community and Regent Regulation No. 5 of 2020 to bring order to the community and comply with health protocols. The good reputation of Tulungagung Regency also plays an important role in providing the best service to the community, {"references":["Avianti, Yuniar. (2015). Kompetensi Kewirausahaan: Teori Pengukuhan dan Aplikasi. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu.","Fajrina, Rani Sherly. (2012). Pengaruh Reputasi Perusahaan dan Komunikasi Word-Of-Mouth Terhadap Pembuatan Keputusan Kerja. Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia..","Hasibuan, Malayu S.P. (2007). Manajemen: Dasar Pengertian dan Masalah, Edisi Revisi. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.","Salusu. 1996. Pengambilan keputusan Strategi Untuk Organisasi Publik Akan Organisasi Non Profit. Jakarta: Provindo.","Sinaga, Dearlina. (2016). Kewirausahaan: Pedoman Untuk Kalangan Praktisi dan Mahasiswa. Yogyakarta: Ekuilibria.","Suharman. (2005). Psikologi Kognitif. Surabaya: Srikandi Ghalia","Supriyadi, S. (2016). \"Komunitas Praktisi: Solusi Alternatif Berbagi Pengetahuan Antar Pustakawan\". Lentera Pustaka: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Perpustakaan, Informasi Dan Kearsipan, Vol 2, No 2, hh 85.","Sutojo, Siswanto. (2004). Membangun Citra Perusahaan. Jakarta: Dinar Mulya Pustaka"]}

Indonesia is a very large country and it has lots of threats that threaten Indonesia, including military and non-military threats. One of the non-military threats that threaten it is biological warfare, including bioterrorism. Biological warfare is the use of organisms or any biological agent and toxin that could bring disease and death to humans, crops, and livestock. Bioterrorism itself is the intentional use and release of any organisms to bring negative effects to death in humans, crops, and livestock in intention to make the terror.Technology continues to develop in the world, including molecular biology technology. The rapid development of biological sciences, on the other hand, has many impacts on life, both positive and negative impacts. Molecular biology could be a useable tool for national defenses, not only to prevent outbreaks that could occur due to bioterrorism or biological warfare but also to overcome them. The purpose of this paper is to explain the role of molecular biology for national defense-related to bioterrorism and biological warfare., {"references":["Clark, D. P., &Pazdernik, N. J. (2016). Biological Warfare: Infectious Disease and Bioterrorism. Biotechnology, 687–719. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-385015-7.00022-3","Papagrigorakis, M. J. et al., (2013). The Plague of Athens: An Ancient Act of Bioterrorism?.","Biosecurity and Bioterrorism: Biodefense Strategy, Practice, and Science, 228-229.","Sarwono. (2006). Quantitative and Qualitative Research methods. Yogyakarta: GrahaIlmu.","CDC, 2021. Anthrax The Threat. [Online] Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/anthrax/bioterrorism/threat.html [Accessed 2021 Juni 11]","Janik, E., Ceremuga, M., Saluk-Bijak, J., &Bijak, M. (2019). Biological Toxins as the Potential Tools for Bioterrorism. International journal of molecular sciences, 20(5), 1181. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20051181","Johnson, B., Mastnjak, R. & Resnick, I. G., 2001. Safety and Health Considerations for Conducting Work with Biological Toxins. Applied Biosafety, 6(3), pp. 117-135. http://doi.org/10.1177/153567600100600304"]}

Indonesia as the largest archipelagic country in the world with a coastline of 108,000 kilometers, has land borders with three neighboring countries and Indonesian waters borders with ten neighboring countries, so it is the obligation of the Indonesian government and all citizens to maintain the integrity of its territory. In maintaining the integrity of its territory directly adjacent to other countries, based on geographical conditions in terms of this approach, the border area should be placed as the front fence in the national defense system. This research was conducted to determine the condition of the people of Indonesia's border areas and aims to analyze the efforts in empowering the people of the border areas through increasing awareness of defending the country. By using a qualitative descriptive method, the data to be taken comes from books, previous research, scientific articles, literature and news from the official website. Along with global developments, the forms of threats that exist are not only physical threats but also non-physical threats. With Indonesia's geographical conditions, it will certainly have a big influence on the people in the region and will pose various threats if not, {"references":["Muhammad Azhar (2001), Perspektif Islam tentangBela Negara, JurnalKetahananNasional, IV 1, April 2001), p.33","Yusgiantoro, Purnomo (2014), Indonesian Defense White Paper 2014. Jakarta: Indonesian Ministry of Defense","Republic of Indonesian Law Number 3 of 2002, article 1 paragraph 1 & 2, National Defense","Republic of Indonesian Law Number 43 of 2008, Country Territory","Presidential Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1 of 2021, Acceleration of Economic Development in National Border Areas.","Republic of Indonesian Preamble of the 1945 Constitution","Presidential Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 8 of 2021, General National Defense Policy 2020-2024","Republic of Indonesian Law Number 23 of 2019, management of national resources for National Defense"]}

—The technological advancement of the fourth industrial revolution, which globally impacts countries encourages every nation to adapt the use of sophisticated technology, including Indonesia. The unpredictable of nations threats in strategic environment also drives national defense to adapt technological use. This technology includes big data. Through literature review, the author argues that both technologies are useful for national defense which effectively for minimizing and anticipating every form of national threat. Regarding to the current national threat situation in nonmilitary realm such as pandemic, the usage of big datais applicable to military and nonmilitary aspects. The usage of advance technology in Indonesia for national defense shows how Indonesia readiness to face every kind of threat in the era of the fourth industrial revolution, {"references":["T. Hardyanthi, G. Falah Al, W. Muhammad Arizka, Facing the Industrial Revolution 4.0: Taiwanese and Indonesian Perspective, Indonesian Comparative Law Review, 1 (2), 2019, 93-112.","I. S. Tay, L. T. Chuan, A. H. N. Aziati, A. N. A. Ahmad, An Overview of Industry 4.0: Definition, Components, and Government Initiatives, Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems 10(14):14, 2018.","C. N. R. Khaeroni,Unit Readiness to Build Defense in Facing the Industrial Revolution Era 4.0, Virajati Bulletin of Seskoal Online Communication Media edition VI, 2021","] Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Indonesia, The Importance of Technology Improvement and National Defense Industry capabilities, National Website of Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Indonesia, 2021.","H. Tjahjanto, Enhancing Indonesia Deterrence Power with the Mastery of Defense Technology in Industrial Revolution 4.0 Era, IEEE 6th Asian Conference on Defence Technology (ACDT) Bali, Indonesia, November 13-15, 2019, 1-3.","A. Mustofa, Covid-19 in the Framework of Irregular Warfare: from the Perspective of National Defense Strategy, Jurnal keamanan Nasional, Vol. 6, No. 2, 2020.","WHO, \"Coronavirus\" in WHO Website, 2020.","C. Mulyana, The Covid-19 pandemic has also had an impact on defense and security,Media Indonesia News, 2020."]}

The development trend of the strategic environment is currently changing and predictable and has placed the future development of the world and the region full of uncertainty. The nature of dependence between countries and nations will be even greater, the distance between regions and countries, is no longer a barrier to interacting with each other. In the future, the threat has become increasingly real that will clash with the interests of groups or groups in the global region, to master technology in areas that are very much needed. The research method used is qualitative using a literature study approach. After analyzing that the results of this study concluded that the environmental impact of the strategy made PT Pindad (Persero) to make a breakthrough in the manufacture of weapons to support the mastery of technology. Responding to the problems above, and regarding the need for the main tools of the domestic defense system, PT Pindad (Persero) which is one of the defense strategy industrial companies owned by Indonesia is expected to become the main provider of defense and security tools for the TNI., {"references":["Ahmad Sazrhi. (2020). Strategy Mastery Of Advanced Composite Technology To Support Self Development Of Fighter Aircraft. JurnalTeknologiDayaGerak | Volume 3 Nomor 1 Tahun 2020","INengah PutraA. (2016). AnalisaPeluangDanAncamanKeamananMaritimIndonesia SebagaiDampakPerkembanganLingkunganStrategis. ASROJURNAL-STTAL. Vol. 6;Jul-Des2016","Laksmana, Evan A. (2011). \"Indonesia's Rising Regional and Global Profile: Does Size Really Matter?\". Contemporary Southeas Asia Vol. 33, No. 2 (2011): 157-182","YoviaRizkyArvianissa&EviFitriani. (2015). PerkembanganPeninjauanLingkunganStrategisDalamBukuPutihPertahanan Indonesia tahun 1995 dan 2015. University of Indonesia. JurnalHubunganInternasionalTahun XI, No.1, Januari - Juni 2018","Y. H. Yogaswara1. (2017). StrategiPercepatanPenguasaanTeknologidanIndustriPertahanan: StudiKasus Korea Selatan. Volume 3 Nomor 1, Desember 2017. http://ejournal.lembagakeris.net","Creswell, John W. 2006. Research Design :PendekatanMetodeKualitatif, Kuantitatif, danCampuran. EdisiKeempat (CetakanKesatu). Yogyakarta. PustakaPelajar","Kemhan RI. (2008). PerkembanganLingkunganStrategisdanPrediksiAncamanTahun 2008. DirektoratJenderalStrategiPertahananDirektoratAnalisaLingkunganStrategis. Jakarta.","] KementerianPertahananRepublikIndonesia.(2015). BukuPutihPertahananIndonesia.Jakarta."]}

Indonesian shrimp cultures are threatened by vibriosis. Some traditional brackish water ponds remained along the north coast of Central Java after the disease outbreaks destroyed the shrimp culture. This study aimed to discover the Vibrio diversity associated with shrimp vibriosis in traditional brackish water ponds. An exploratory method with purposive sampling was used in this study. Twenty-four shrimps presumably infected with vibriosis were collected from two district regions on the north coast of Central Java in July–September 2018. The bacteria associated in shrimp vibriosis were isolated from the telson and inner part of the hepatopancreas with TCBS medium. Forty-one bacteria associated with shrimp vibriosis were obtained, and then repetitive-polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR) was performed to obtain Vibrio strains. On the basis of rep-PCR results, five respresentative strains were selected for further study. The results of 16S rDNA sequence analysis showed that the JKP03, JKP05, JKP19, JKM01, and JKM06 isolates were closely related to Vibrio rotiferianus, Vibrio diabolicus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio alginolyticus, and Shewanella algae, respectively. Vibrio biodiversity in shrimp vibriosis was high. These results confirmed that traditional shrimp farming was susceptible to vibriosis. Therefore, control methods such as vaccines, probiotics, and immunostimulant formulas must be developed to prevent and control the outbreak of shrimp vibriosis in traditional brackish water pond.

With the increased emphasis on the need to use recyclable bio-based materials and a better understanding of the mechanical properties of laminated bamboo, there is currently a great deal of interest in developing a new generation of low-cost bamboo-based composites for use in fishing vessels. Laminated bamboo composites (LBCs) comprised of Apus bamboo (Gigantochloa apus) and fibreglass mats were investigated to obtain the mechanical characteristics. The LBC with 45°/−45° cross-fibre directions combined with chopped strand mat fibreglass was developed under different layers and mass fractions with the same composite thickness. The influence of different numbers of laminated bamboo layers (3–7 layers) on several mechanical testings, including impact tests using ASTM D256, bending tests using ASTM D7264, tensile tests using ASTM D3039, V-notched beam test using ASTM D7078, and lap shear tests using ASTM D5868 standard, were carried out. The result showed that the strategy in improving the strength properties of LBCs could be achieved by using a thinner bamboo lamina with a higher number of bamboo layers. It was found that bamboo composites with 7 layers with a higher epoxy mass matrix had superior mechanical properties than those with 3 and 5 layers at the same thickness. Another finding revealed that adding fibreglass mat to current LBCs improved mechanical properties compared to previous research, explicitly bending strength increased by about 4.02–7.56% and tensile strength in the range of 12.44–17.73%. It can be found that only specimen with 7 layers fulfils the Indonesian Bureau Classification’s bending and tensile strength threshold.

Reducing feed cost in the vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) cultivation can be achieved by increasing quality of commercial feed. To increase the feed quality is by adding lysine amino acid, because lysine is one of the amino acids that can boost fish growth, in turn it can shorten the cultivation cycle. The objectives of the study were to analyze effects and optimum dosages of lysine addition in the feed on feed efficiency utilization, growth and survival rate of vaname shrimp (L. vannamei). The study used shrimp juveniles with the average size of 3±0,09 g/shrimp. Test feed in the study was a commercial feed in the form of pellets that was enriched with lysine (L-lysine HCl). The amount of lysine was appropriated to the treatment dosages, namelys 0%/kg feed (A); 0,75 %/kg feed (B); 1,5%/kg feed (C); 2,25%/kg feed (D) and 3%/kg feed (E). Feeding the shrimp was based on fixed feeding rate as much as 10% of biomass weight per day and given 4 (four) times a day. The results whow that the addition of lysine in the feed significantly (P

Vibrio harveyi merupakan salah satu agen pembawa penyakit vibriosis yang menjadi penyebab kematian masal dalam budidaya ikan bersalinitas baik pembenihan maupun pembesaran. Bawang putih (Allium sativum) sebagai salah satu tanaman obat terbukti memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap spektrum luas bakteri Gram positif maupun Gram negatif, sehingga berpotensi dijadikan antibiotik alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh penambahan ekstrak bawang putih (A. sativum) pada pakan terhadap kelulushidupan ikan nila salin (Oreochromis niloticus) yang diinfeksi oleh bakteri V.harveyi. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode eksperiman menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Parameter yang diamati yaitu kelulushidupan (survival rate/SR), total leukosit, dan gejala klinis secara morfologi ikan nila salin yang diinfeksi bakteri V.harveyi. Total ikan uji sebanyak 120 ekor dengan panjang rata-rata ± 10 cm. Perlakuan yang diberikan yaitu A (0 ppm), B (50 ppm), C (100 ppm), dan D (150 ppm) didapat berdasarkan hasil uji pendahuluan berupa uji zona hambat. Pergantian air dilakukan setiap 3 kali sehari sebanyak 30% dari air pemeliharaan selama 14 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan ekstrak bawang puith berpengaruh nyata terhadap kelulushidupan (p

Salah satu permasalahan pada budidaya ikan lele adalah Aeromonasis yang disebabkan oleh Aeromonas hydrophila . Berbagai upaya pencegahan dan pengobatan telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan bahan kimia maupun herbal. Bahan herbal, berupa epibiotik (tunggal maupun campuran) digunakan oleh pembudidaya untuk pencegahan dan pengobatan penyakit ini, karena mudah diperoleh, murah dan ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh penambahan campuran epibiotik, ekstrak daun binahong dan temulawak pada pakan terhadap profil darah dan kelulushidupan ikan lele yang diinfeksi A. hydrophila . Metoda yang digunakan adalah eksperimen dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (6 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan). Seratus delapan puluh ikan lele uji dengan panjang 7-9 cm yang dipelihara pada akuarium berisi air 10 L. Dosis campuran epibiotik, esktrak daun binahong dan temulawak menggunakan perbandingan untuk perlakuan A (0%:0%), B (100%:0%), C (75%:25%), D (50%:50%), E (25%:75%) dan F (0%:100%) dengan dosis dasar 2500 ppm untuk ekstrak daun binahong dan 900 ppm untuk temulawak. Campuran epibiotik tersebut ditambahkan pada pakan komersil sebagai pakan uji dengan metode spray . Pakan uji diberikan selama 14 hari, kemudian pada hari kelimabelas ikan uji diinjeksi A. hydrophila secara intramuscular dengan konsentrasi 10 6 CFU/mL. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gejala klinis ikan lele yang terinfeksi A. hydrophila adalah nafsu makan rendah, bercak merah, luka, haemorhagi serta warna tubuh memucat. Penambahan campuran epiobiotik ekstrak daun binahong dan temulawak berpengaruh nyata ( p

Intensification of white shrimp (L. vannamei) cultivation causes accumulation of waste aquaculture in the water and environmental stress which causes pathogenic organisms to develop and attack aquaculture organisms, so that mass deaths occur. Various efforts have been made to overcome this through feed production by adding ingredient that can enhance the body's immune system, but also function as growth promoters. The material that has both functions is seaweed Sargassum sp. The aims of this study was to determine the addition effect of sargassum extract from enzymatic extraction on feed to the specific growth rate/SGR and feed convertion ratio/FCR of white shrimp (L. vannamei). These study was conducted by experimental method used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 2 repetitions. The treatment was namely A (feed with the addition of sargassum extract 0 g/kg feed), B (feed with the addition of enzymatically protease sargassum extract 2 g/kg feed) and C (feed with the addition of enzymatically carbohydrase sargassum extract 2 g/kg feed). The results showed that the feed with the addition of sargassum extract from enzymatic extraction had a significant effect (P

Vaname (Litopanaeus vannamei) merupakan salah satu jenis kultivan budidaya udang putih yang bernilai ekonomis penting dan telah dibudidayakan secara intensif. Salah satu permasalahan budidaya secara intensif yaitu adanya penyakit yang disebabkan oleh bakteri patogen. Upaya mencegah serangan penyakit oleh bakteri patogen pada udang adalah dengan pemberian probiotik yang diisolasi dari usus udang vaname. Penelitian ini bersifat eksploratif bertujuan untuk mendapatkan isolat bakteri kandidat probiotik yang terdapat pada usus udang vaname (L. vannamei) dan mengidentifikasi secara molekuler bakteri kandidat probiotik yang terdapat pada usus udang vaname (L. vannamei). Prosedur dalam penelitian ini meliputi pengambilan sampel udang, isolasi bakteri usus udang, uji biokimia, uji aktivitas enzimatik, uji aktivitas antibakteri, identifikasi dan analisis molekuler isolat bakteri dari usus udang vaname. Hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan, didapatkan 11 isolat bakteri dari usus udang vaname dari daerah Subang, Jawa Barat, memiliki morfologi yang beragam. 6 isolat bakteri positif terhadap ke empat uji proteolitik, 8 selulolitik, 7 lipolitik dan 7 amilolitik. Terdapat 2 isolat (SS5 dan SP3) memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri V. harveyi dan V. Parahaemolyticus. Berdasarkan identifikasi dan alnalisis molekuler diketahui isolat bakteri dengan kode SS5 memiliki kemiripan 99,93% dengan Bacillus flexus pada nomor akses NR_113800.1.

The various wars that have been passed have had implications for the development of Japanese combat conditions. One of the wars that sparked the rise of Japanese combat technology was the Tsushima War of 1905, marked by the use of new weaponry such as torpedoes and telegraphs. Japan's victory in the Tsushima War has proven that Japan has advanced weapons technology and has proven to be able to compete with Russia. This study provides a very important lesson and can be a reflection for Indonesia in the development of a naval military force. By using historical methods and defense economic theory approaches, this study discusses efforts to increase the strength of the main weapon system of the Japanese special navy. The results of the study show that the efforts made by Japan put a lot of emphasis on the strategy of developing the defense industry. The rise of the defense industry has become an integral part of military power building. In that context, Japan does not only involve the military, but also develops human resource capacity and increases research in the field of technology. The existence of good cooperation between the government, industry players, and academia is also the main pillar in the effort to build a naval military force.

DHF is an endemic disease that spreads massively throughout the year, especially in the rainy season. It needs a method that can depict the spread of dengue cases based on the map of Ae-des sp. distribution. The aim of the study is to find out the spatial description of potential breeding places of Aedes sp. at Bangunharjo village, in Sewon, Bantul, DIY, by conducting a descriptive study with survey method. The study was held between January-April 2020. As the study popula-tion was 39 houses of DHF cases in 2019, meanwhile as the sample were 16 houses of dengue cases during two trimesters (May-December) in 2019 that met the criteria. The examination used visual larvae survey method, and to record the houses’ coordinates was by using GPS based on the presence of larvae. The study results show that the distribution of dengue cases in Bangun-harjo Village were occuring in all dukuh and tends to spread throughout the villages. This DHF mapping become a guide to see the presence of larvae at 50 m and 100 m distance from the cases’ houses based on possible breeding sites Aedes sp. The results also exhibit that the distri-bution of larvae in Bangunharjo Village as many as 40 houses (37,03 %) out of the observed 108 houses. The distribution of larvae using buffer method based on the type of containers, reveal that larvae distribution is found mostly in containers that used for daily purposes. The buffer ana-lyses find that DFH transmission at 50 m radius zone from cases’ point is more at risk to occur because more larvae are found

Greenhouse gas (GHG) pollution is considered one of the challenging concerns in industrial plants, and to emit the appropriate designation in nitrogen oxide reduction, it is required to implement proper numerical simulation procedures. In this study, ANSYS Fluent® software is used as dynamic software to solve heat and mass flow transfer numerically by considering non-structured networks for complex geometries. Dry nitrogen oxide burners have an additional thermocouple to provide an extra fuel pathway to combine with air. Then, standard K-ε is used in the numerical simulations to calculate thermal efficiency in combustion processes for turbulent flow regimes. It can cause the removal of 50% of nitrogen oxide into the atmosphere. Furthermore, by the increase of temperature, nitrogen oxide concentration has been increased in the system. After 1975 K, Fuel has been changed to dry fuel, and therefore nitrogen oxide concentration increased because the steam can provide a relatively non-combustible compound increase than fuel. On the other hand, regarding the water volume increase at inlet steam, nitrogen oxide volume percentage has been decreased dramatically, especially in the first periods of water volume increase. Consequently, when the steam percentage is increased instead of water, nitrogen oxide reduction is increased. Moreover, our simulation results have a proper match with Gibbs energy equilibrium.

Songklanakarin Journal of Science an Technology (SJST), 44, 4, 945-952

Indonesia di tahun 2020-2035 diperkirakan berada dalam masa bonus demografi. Salah satunya yaitu dengan menanamkan jiwa kewirausahaan pada kaum milenial. Tujuan penelitian ini, untuk menganalisis dan memahami bagaimana pemberdayaan kaum milenial sebagai kader bela negara, dengan menggunakan konsep pemberdayaan. Metode penelitian adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan menggunakan teknik penelitian studi literatur. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa pemberdayaan kaum milenial sebagai kader bela negara adalah mewujudkan kemandirian secara ekonomi oleh kaum milenials Indonesia. Kemandirian ekonomi ini ditunjukkan dalam keikutsertaan kaum milenial dalam program Pendanaan Startup Inovasi Indonesia. Program ini merupakan program Pemerintah dari Kementerian Riset dan Teknologi/Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional yang ditujukan bagi pemuda usia produktif, yang mana pemuda usia produktif termasuk dalam generasi milenial, sebagai bagian dari pengembangan jiwa kewirausahaan. Adapun program yang diprioritaskan untuk mendapatkan Program Pendanaan Startup mampu mendorong peningkatan ekonomi suatu negara.

Konsep bela negara sebenarnya tidak hanya dimiliki oleh Indonesia. Negara lain menerapkan pertahanan negara dalam berbagai bentuk misalnya dinas militer, dinas sipil atau gabungan keduanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk.menganalisis kegiatan pembinaan narapidana terhadap kesadaran bela negara di rumah tahanan kelas II B Cilodong Depok. Kesadaran bela negara terhadap para narapidana perlu ditumbuhkan melalui kegiatan pembinaan narapidana. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode field research atau penelitian lapangan yang merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Penelitian ini juga menggunakan metode wawancara sebagai teknik pengumpulan data. Penelitian dilakukan di Rumah Tahanan kelas II B Cilodong Depok. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan pembinaan narapidana melalui kegiatan keagamaan dan kegiatan lainnya yang selama ini dilakukan hendaklah dimaknai sebagai upaya pemulihan kesadaran mental narapidana yang menumbuhkan kembali kesadaran bela negara dan cinta tanah air untuk kemudian siap kembali ke tengah-tengah masyarakat sebagai warga negara yang baik. Kegiatan pembinaan narapidana melalui kegiatan keagamaan dan kegiatan lainnya yang selama ini dilakukan hendaklah dimaknai sebagai upaya pemulihan kesadaran mental narapidana yang menumbuhkan kembali kesadaran bela negara dan cinta tanah air untuk kemudian siap kembali ke tengah-tengah masyarakat sebagai warga negara yang baik. Kegiatan pembinaan keagamaan juga memberikan kontribusi penuh dalam rangka meningkatkan kesadaran bela negara. Hal itu dikarenakan dengan munculnya kesadaran mental dalam diri narapidana maka secara tidak langsung akan memunculkan kesadaran untuk menjadi warga negara yang baik. Upaya untuk menjadi warga negara yang baik dan taat adalah salah satu bentuk kesadaran bela negara .

Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) infection have been reported as an obstacle of whiteleg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) culture in Indonesia. However, understanding of the molecular characteristics of EHP species in Indonesia is not widely known. The aims of this study were to determine the identity and characters of DNA, and their phylogeny of EHP species from several different locations in Indonesia with specific references to 18S rRNA gene. The EHPs were collected from cultured P.vannamei from Lampung, Pangandaran, Sidoarjo, Banyuwangi, Probolinggo, Blitar, Makassar, and Lombok. Thirteen (13) samples were randomly selected to explore their gene characters through 18S rRNA gene sequencing. The primers used were EHP_F and EHP_1R. Parameter observed were DNA sequencing, nucleotide sequence homology with related available genes in the Gen Bank database, multiple sequence alignment, and reconstruction of genetic relationship trees. DNA sequence homology analysis showed that all samples had 99.89-100% similarity to Indian Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (Accession Number MH259890.1 and MH260592.1). The alignment results illustrated that all EHP sequences of Indonesian isolates were 100% identical each other. The phylogenetic tree topology provided information that all sample accessions were in the same clade and spread evenly. The conclusion were that the Indonesian EHP species were identical (100%) and it could be said that they were genetically homogeneous. Keywords: Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei, 18S rRNA gene, Indonesia.

Aims: The purpose of this research is to analyze the rental policy of military combat equipment for national defense. Study Design: This study is descriptive and employed qualitative approaches. Methodology: This study uses a qualitative analysis approach that aims to analyze the policy of renting combat equipment for the military, using rental theory as an analytical tool supported by policy theory, national defense, threat perception, and national security. Place and Duration of Study: This research was conducted in Jakarta, Indonesia in September – October 2020. Results: The results of this study are: (1) Indonesia has a firm stance on China's claims in Indonesia's Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) to defend its sovereignty in the Natuna Sea; (2) Indonesia's national security is related to how to maintain Indonesia's territorial sovereignty as a whole as a nation. The responsible institution is the TNI; (3) the basis of national defense is the Indonesian National Army which is developed as a defense asset that is professionally trained and equipped with modern technology; and (4) the policy of renting combat equipment to strengthen the military presence in Natuna is a step that must be seriously considered. There are many advantages to renting rather than buying: renters don't pay for repairs, renters get nice stuff too expensive for owners, renters don't tie up their money, renters have more bargaining power at work, renters have more flexibility in recessions, and renting can be good for the economy and the climate.

[EXPLORATION AND VIRULENT TEST OF MAIZE ENDOPHYTE Bacillus sp. AGAINST MAIZE SHEATH BLIGHT]. Capability of endophytic bacterial, effectivity, and its effect on R. solani. and on maize seedlings growth were investigated from April 2018 to January 2019. Exploration of endophytes bacteria in maize was taken from Banyumas Regency (Sumbang, Kembaran, Baturraden) and Purbalingga Regency (Padamara, Bojongsari, Pratin). Taking plant samples using Purposive Random Sampling and Diagonal Sampling methods. Completely randomized design was used in in vitro test with 16 treatments repeated twice. Completely randomized block design was used in in planta experiment with 5 treatments repeated 5 times. The treatment consisted of control, fungiside (mankozeb), and 2 isolates of endophytes bacteria performing the best in vitro result. Variables observed included characteristics of endophytic bacteria and pathogenic fungi, inhibition diameter, incubation period, disease intensity, incidence of disease, AUDPC, plant height, leaf number, root length, plant fresh weight, canopy fresh weight, and root fresh weight. Resultshowed that the exploration obtained 15 endophytic Bacillus sp. isolates. The PD A.4 and BK A.1 isolates werw able to inhibit the growth of pathogenic fungi in-vitro by 56.93 and 51.5%, respectively. The soaking treatment using BK A1 was able to reduce disease intensity by 59.377%, and AUDPC value 34.19%. Endophytic bacteria influence plant height, plant fresh weight, canopy fresh weight, and fresh weight of roots respectively as 89.17 cm, 126.06 g, 106.67 g and 19.4 g.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the production management of PT PAL Indonesia (Persero) 's LPD vessel using PESTLE analysis. Study Design: This research is descriptive and uses a qualitative approach. Methodology: This study uses a qualitative analysis approach aimed at PT PAL Indonesia (Persero) 's LPD ship production management. Place and Duration of Study: This research was conducted in Jakarta and Surabaya in August - October 2020. Results: (1) PT PAL Indonesia (Persero) is a strategic industry that produces the main equipment of the Indonesian defense system, especially for the marine dimension, (2) the Indonesian Navy relies on PT PAL Indonesia (Persero) to produce LPD-type vessels which are very important to implement sea ​​operations, (3) PT PAL Indonesia periodically measures the implementation and implementation of GCG, as regulated in the Regulation of the Minister of State for SOEs, (4) PT PAL Indonesia (Persero) collaborates with financial institutions and consultants to provide a funding scheme from the capital structure of soft loan provision , insurance and other forms of funding, (5) In the field of general engineering, companies make heavy industrial components such as power plants, diesel engines, steel structures, such as oil and gas industrial equipment, (6) PT PAL Indonesia (Persero) continuously improve the quality of technology and ensure that the products built follow state-of-the-art developments technology, and (7) PT PAL Indonesia (Persero) always strives to provide benefits to society by implementing real corporate social responsibility for the development of harmonious relationships with the community through Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Keywords: economy, environment, legal, political, sociocultural, technology