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Erbium: Yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser (Er: YAG) treatment has been used in resurfacing the acne scars for a long time; however, we could not find any study reporting the recovery rates after each session of the treatment. In this study, we aimed to report the improvement rates after each session. We retrospectively analyzed the data of 35 patients with acne scars treated with fractional ablative Er: YAG laser. The patients received one to four sessions of treatment with 4-week intervals and improvement rates were recorded after each session. Data are available on request from the authors. The improvement rate of the lesions varied between 1% and 25% in 34 patients at the end of the first session, while in one patient, the improvement rate was detected as 26% to 50%. At the end of the fourth session, the rate of improvement was 26% to 50% in 14 out of 24 patients and 51% to 75% in 10 patients. None of the patients showed a 76% to 100% improvement at the end of the fourth session, whereas 48.6% of the patients were satisfied with the treatment. In patients with a high expectation of an excellent improvement, a higher number of sessions of the laser treatment and/or combination treatments with different treatment methods should be planned. C1 [Cenk, Hulya] Pamukkale Univ, Dept Dermatol, Camlaralti Dist 7, TR-20070 Denizli, Turkey. [Sarac, Gulbahar] Inonu Univ, Dept Dermatol, Malatya, Turkey.

Terrestrial fossil records from the SW Anatolian basins are crucial both for regional correlations and palaeoenvironmental reconstructions. By reassessing biostratigraphic constraints and incorporating new fossil data, we calibrated and reconstructed the late Neogene and Quaternary palaeoenvironments within a regional palaeogeographical framework. The culmination of the Taurides in SW Anatolia was followed by a regional crustal extension from the late Tortonian onwards that created a broad array of NE-trending orogen-top basins with synchronic associations of alluvial fan, fluvial and lacustrine deposits. The terrestrial basins are superimposed on the upper Burdigalian marine units with a c. 7 myr of hiatus that corresponds to a shift from regional shortening to extension. The initial infill of these basins is documented by a transition from marginal alluvial fans and axial fluvial systems into central shallow-perennial lakes coinciding with a climatic shift from warm/humid to arid conditions. The basal alluvial fan deposits abound in fossil macro-mammals of an early Turolian (MN11-12; late Tortonian) age. The Pliocene epoch in the region was punctuated by subhumid/humid conditions resulting in a rise of local base levels and expansion of lakes as evidenced by marsh-swamp deposits containing diverse fossil mammal assemblages indicating late Ruscinian (late MN15; late Zanclean) age. A second pulse of extension, accompanied by regional climatic changes, prompted subsequent deepening of the lakes as manifested by thick and laterally extensive carbonate successions. These lakes, which prevailed c. 1 myr, later shrank due to renewed progradation of alluvial fans and eventually filled up and dried out, reflected by marsh-swamp deposits at the top of a complete lacustrine succession that contains diverse micro-mammal assemblages indicating a latest Villanyian (MN17; Gelasian) age. A third pulse of tectonic reorganisation and associated extension dissected the basins into their present-day configuration from the early Pleistocene onwards under warm/humid climatic conditions. The new age data provide means to correlate deposits across various basins in the region that help to place the basin development into a regional tectonic framework, which can be attributed to the consequence of the well-articulated regional phenomena of slab-tear/detachment-induced uplift followed by crustal extension and basin formation (late Tortonian), the outward extension of the Aegean arc (early Pliocene) and eventually accompanied by westward extrusion of the Anatolian Plate (early Pleistocene). C1 [Alcicek, M. Cihat; Alcicek, Hulya] Pamukkale Univ, Dept Geol, Denizli, Turkey. [Mayda, Serdar; Kaya, T. Tanju; Halaclar, Kazim; Ostende, Lars W. van den Hoek] Ege Univ, Dept Biol, Izmir, Turkey. [ten Veen, Johan H.] TNO Geol Survey Netherlands, Princetonlaan 6, NL-3584 CB Utrecht, Netherlands. [Boulton, Sarah J.] Plymouth Univ, Sch Geog Earth & Environm Sci, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. [Neubauer, Thomas A.] Justus Liebig Univ, Dept Anim Ecol & Systemat, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. [Neubauer, Thomas A.; Wesselingh, Frank P.; Bilgin, Melike; Ostende, Lars W. van den Hoek] Nat Biodivers Ctr, POB 9517, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Tesakov, Alexey S.] Russian Acad Sci, Geol Inst, Moscow 119017, Russia. [Sarac, Gercek; Hakyemez, H. Yavuz; Goktas, Fikret] Gen Directorate Mineral Res & Explorat Turkey MTA, Ankara, Turkey. [Murray, Alison M.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. [Titov, Vadim V.] Russian Acad Sci, Southern Sci Ctr, Rostov Na Donu 344006, Russia. [Jimenez-Moreno, Gonzalo] Univ Granada, Dept Estratig & Paleontol, Fuente Nueva S-N, Granada 18002, Spain. [Buyukmeric, Yesim] Bulent Ecevit Univ, Dept Geol, TR-67100 Zonguldak, Turkey. [Bouchal, Johannes M.] Swedish Museum Nat Hist, Dept Palaeobiol, S-11418 Stockholm, Sweden. [Bouchal, Johannes M.] Univ Vienna, Dept Palaeontol, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Demirel, F. Arzu] Mehmet Akif Ersoy Univ, Dept Anthropol, TR-15030 Burdur, Turkey. [Halaclar, Kazim] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [Halaclar, Kazim] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Vertebrate Paleontol & Paleoanthropol, Beijing 100044, Peoples R China. [Bilgin, Melike] Comenius Univ, Dept Geol & Palaeontol, Bratislava 84215, Slovakia.

Background and Objectives: Psoriasis is a common, chronic, inflammatory, and hyperproliperative skin disease. It has been known that the infectious agents play a role in triggering and exacerbation of the disease. Periodontal diseases are chronic inflammatory gum diseases initiated by microorganisms in dental plaques. This study intended to determine the role of periodontal diseases, as chronic infective foci in psoriasis.Materials and Methods: A total of 76 patients, who applied to Faculty of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, İnönü University, diagnosed as psoriasis and a control group consisting of 76 dermatologic patients without any systemic disease at similar age and gender were included the study. The dental examinations of the subjects were done by the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs index system, using a periodontal probe.Results: Significant difference was identified between the patients with psoriasis and control group, in terms of CPI (Community Periodontal Index), oral hygiene habits, frequency of tooth brushing and flossing (P = 0.01, P = 0.001, P = 0.01, P = 0.05, respectively). A positive correlation between the severities of psoriasis and dental disease was determined, but this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.204).Conclusion: The periodontal disease may affect psoriasis as a chronic infectious focus and probably through proinflammatory cytokines. In order to clarify the exact role of periodontal disease in psoriasis, the issue should be studied in larger series with serum cytokine levels.Keywords: Dental disease, periodontal disease, psoriasis

The locality of Bcakc (Cameli basin, Anatolia) has yielded a diverse fauna of micromammals. The arvicolines are the most diverse and abundant group. Their stage in evolution shows that the fauna is late Villanyian in age and can be placed in the lower part of the zone P of the Anatolian Neogene biozonation. Thus, it is on the brink of the important Villanyian/Biharian transition. The presence of three species of hamster, in combination with the occurrence of Borsodia, a high abundance of Kalymnomys and a near absence of insectivores, suggests a dry, open landscape. However, the important contribution of Clethrionomys in the vole fauna indicates the nearby presence of woodlands. Overall, the environment at the time of deposition appears to have been similar to that of the area today. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

This study was conducted to assess optic nerve and peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) changes in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) and its correlation with disease duration and severity. Optic nerve parameters and RNFL thickness were measured in 24 PD patients and 25 age-gender-matched controls by Heidelberg Retinal Tomography II (Heidelberg Engineering, Dossenheim, Germany). Patients with visual acuity below 20/25 were excluded. The mean RNFL in the temporal sector was significantly thinner in the study group than the control group (p = 0.020). Additionally, disease severity and duration negatively correlated with optic disc parameters in some sectors.

This study was conducted to assess ocular pulse amplitude and retinal nerve fibre layer in patients with multiple sclerosis and their correlation with disease duration and with severity. Retinal nerve fibre layer thickness was measured by Heidelberg Retinal Tomography II (HRT-II; Heidelberg Engineering, Dossenheim, Germany) and ocular pulse amplitude was measured by dynamic contour tonometry (Ziemer Ophthalmic Systems, Port, Switzerland) in 37 multiple sclerosis patients and 72 age- and gender-matched controls. Ocular pulse amplitude was significantly reduced and retinal nerve fibre layer was significantly thinner in temporal, superotemporal, and nasal sectors in patients with multiple sclerosis regardless of having an optic neuritis attack. The retinal nerve fibre layer was thinner in eyes with a previous optic neuritis attack compared with the eyes without an attack, but the difference was not significant. Ocular pulse amplitude showed a positive correlation with visual evoked potential amplitude and a negative correlation with visual evoked potential latency. Retinal nerve fibre layer thickness showed a significant negative correlation with the disease duration but not with visually evoked potential, disease severity, nor previous optic neuritis. These findings indicate that the process of degeneration starts in the early period of the disease, as our study group is composed of early-middle-stage multiple sclerosis patients, and is independent of relapses.

The Neogene tuffs of the Akkasdagi region, in the south eastern part of the Cankiri-Corum Basin in Central Anatolia, yielded one of the richest mammalian faunas of Turkey. The main aim of the present study is to provide data on the distribution, age, petrographical, mineralogical and geo-chemical composition of these tuffs. It is shown that they are primary products of a volcanic process. The Akkasdagi tuffs are included in a late Miocene sedimentary sequence and were deposited as pyroclastic flow deposits. The gas escape structures (gas segregation pipes) in tuffs and the abundance of pumice and lithic clasts in the lower parts should be mentioned. The age of the tuffs is determined as late Miocene (MN 12 zone) based on the rich mammalian fauna and as 7.1 +/- 0.1 Ma on the basis of radiometric dating. The petrographic investigations indicated that the Akkasdagi tuffs are vitric tuffs. Biotite and lithic clasts occur in a glassy matrix. In addition, they contain feldspar (orthoclase), quartz phenocrysts, oxyhornblende and pumice clasts. With these properties, the tuffs present all characteristics of ignimbrites. Geochemical analyses reveal the calc-alkaline nature and rhyolitic composition of these tuffs. These results show that the Akkasdagi tuffs show similarities to those of the Nevsehir Plateau which belong to the Central Anatolian Volcanic Province. Because these tuffs are pyroclastic flow deposits, it is thought that the source area should be close to Akkasdagi Volcanic activity might have caused the mass death of mammals the remains of which are concentrated in several bone pockets. C1 Gen Directorate Min Res & Explorat, Museum Nat Hist, TR-06520 Ankara, Turkey. Ankara Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Geol Engn, TR-06100 Ankara, Turkey. Museum Natl Hist Nat, Dept Hist Terre, CNRS, UMR 5143, F-75231 Paris 05, France. Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, ISTEEM, UMR 5573,Lab Dynam Lithosphere, F-34095 Montpellier, France. Pamukkale Univ, Dept Geol Engn, TR-20100 Denizli, Turkey.

The Akkasdagi area, situated in the southern margin of the Tertiary Cankiri- Corum Basin, Central Anatolia, Turkey, includes a 280 m, thick, mostly continental sediment sequence that overlies either marine Palaeogene transgressive deposits or metamorphic rocks of Kirsehir Massif. From bottom to top the sequence can be divided into units of Deliceirmak Fm. (alluvial fan deposits) and Ceritkale member (marine fan-delta and shelf carbonates) of mid-upper Eocene, Guvendik Fm. (gypsum) of Oligocene, and Akkasdagi Fm. (fine to coarse-grained alluvial clastics and lacustrine limestone) of upper Miocene-lower Pliocene. A granitic intrusion was emplaced into the basin after late Eocene. The Neogene succession includes mammalian fossils and the lithological composition of the succession is rather different from its equivalences in other parts of the basin. By facies analysis the Neogene infill could be categorised into alluvial fan deposits (facies association I), fluvial deposits (facies association II), lacustrine deposits (facies association III) and pyroclastic flow deposits (facies association IV). Facies association I is dominant and the others are observed inside as alternating sequences. The facies architecture and facies associations suggest that a structural depression existed in the area and was filled with sediments of distal alluvial fans, flood plains and lakes receiving deposits of distal or terminal alluvial fans and flood plains, and occupied partly by lakes. C1 Ankara Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Geol Engn, Tecton Res Grp, TR-06100 Ankara, Turkey. Gebze Inst Technol, TR-41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey. Gen Directorate Mineral Res & Explorat, Museum Nat Hist, TR-06520 Ankara, Turkey. Museum Natl Hist Nat, Dept Hist Terre, CNRS, UMR 5143, F-75231 Paris 05, France. Pamukkale Univ, Dept Geol Engn, TR-20100 Denizli, Turkey.

WOS: 000227239400001, The Late Cenozoic evolution of the eastern Aegean is dominated by widespread continental extension. The most prominent structures are E-W- and NE-SW-trending grabens and intervening horsts, while NW-SE- and N-S-trending faults form the other less important structures. This paper documents the results of recent geological mapping and structural and stratigraphical analysis from the Halitpasa half graben, which forms the northwestern continuation of the Gediz Graben. Field evidence for a new NW-SE-trending dextral wrench-dominated fault zone (here named the Halitpasa transpression zone), which involved the thrusting of pre-Palaeogene basement onto Upper Miocene-Lower Pliocene sediments, is presented. The fault zone is correlated with the timing of a major unconformity that separates Upper Miocene-Lower Pliocene lacustrine sediments (Develi and Halitpasa formations) from overlying late Early Pliocene, distal alluvial-fan sediments (Kizildag Formation). The field relations and mammalian data suggest an early Early Pliocene age for this unconformity. The manuscript therefore documents structural evidence for a compressive phase during the evolution of active continental extension in western Turkey. The deformation is attributed to the known Early Pliocene compressive pulse of the Aegean Arc.