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Mystical is a spiritual effort in realizing the social relations that prevail in society. Mystical as an understanding that gives teachings that are secret or all-secret, hidden, dark, and veiled in darkness, so that they are only known, known, or understood by certain people,especially their adherents. This study aims to describe the mystical forms and beliefs of the Ma'anyan Dayak people towards mystical matters including: (1)Mystical forms in the novels Minyak Bintang, Dalung, and Kariau (2) Public beliefs in mystical elements contained in the novels Minyak Bintang, Dalung, and Kariau (3) implications for literature learning in high school class XII. This research approach uses a qualitative research approach using descriptive methods. The data sources used in this study are Novels, Wawaacara, and field notes. The data in this study are Neno Cristiandi Neno's novel Minyak Bintang, Dalung, and Kariau and interviews with speakers conducted in Jaweten Village and Garinsing Village, East Barito Regency. Data analysis of this study was analyzed by reducing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. The results of research on mystical forms and people's belief in mystical things and implications for literature learning in high school show (1) How mystical forms in the novels Minyak Bintang, Dalung, and Kariau. (2) there are five mystical forms(3) there are three public beliefs in mystical things. The results of this study can be used in novel learning in high school class XII, especially in competency 3.8. interpreting the author's view of life in the novel being read.

This study performed the characterization of coccidiosis in broilers and evaluated the occurrence of suggestive cases of necrotic enteritis (NE), seeking if there is an association between the diseases in Brazilian flocks. Two hundred and fifty-six birds from 32 flocks were evaluated. Macroscopic and histopathological lesions were graduated for coccidiosis and NE. Intestinal content was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for seven species of Eimeria and by selective anaerobic culture for Clostridium perfringens and identification of the NetB gene. Flocks positive for coccidiosis represented 93.8%. Macroscopic lesions of coccidiosis were Grade 1 for E. acervulina (27%); E. tenella (9.7%) and E. maxima (8.9%). Histopathological evaluation showed Grade 1 in duodenum (38.2%); jejunum (21.4%); cecum (9.3%) and ileum (5%). PCR demonstrated positivity for E. tenella (21.9%), E. maxima (18.8%), and E. acervulina (3.1%). Suggestive macroscopic lesions of necrotic enteritis ranged from Grade 1 (16%), 2 (23%) and 3 (10,9%). Histopathology indicated the absence of necrosis, showing only hemorrhage in the mucosa and submucosa, with the presence of Eimeria spp. Clostridium perfringens type A netB+ was not isolated, demonstrating that macroscopic lesions found mostly in the jejunum did not characterize NE, based on histopathology and negativity of the NetB gene. The study suggests that, due to the high occurrence of coccidiosis, many macroscopic findings suggestive of NE are, in fact, attributed to atypical lesions caused by the reproduction of Eimeria spp. RESUMO: Este estudo realizou a caracterização de coccidiose em frangos de corte e avaliou a ocorrência de casos sugestivos de enterite necrótica (EN), buscando se há alguma associação entre estas duas enfermidades em lotes de frango de corte no Brasil. Foram avaliadas 256 aves de 32 lotes. Lesões macroscópicas e histopatológicas foram graduadas para coccidiose e EN. O conteúdo intestinal foi investigado por reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) para sete espécies de Eimeria e por cultura anaeróbia seletiva para Clostridium perfringens e identificação do gene NetB. Os lotes positivos para coccidiose representaram 93,8%. Lesões macroscópicas de coccidiose foram de Grau 1 para E. acervulina (27%); E. tenella (9,7%) e E. maxima (8,9%). A avaliação histopatológica mostrou Grau 1 no duodeno (38,2%); jejuno (21,4%); ceco (9,3%) e íleo (5%). A PCR demonstrou positividade para E. tenella (21,9%), E. maxima (18,8%) e E. acervulina (3,1%). Lesões macroscópicas sugestivas de enterite necrótica variaram de grau 1 (16%), 2 (23%) e 3 (10,9%). A histopatologia indicou ausência de necrose, apresentando apenas hemorragia em mucosa e submucosa, com presença de Eimeria spp. Clostridium perfringens tipo A netB + não foi isolado, demonstrando que lesões macroscópicas encontradas principalmente no jejuno não caracterizaram NE, com base na histopatologia e negatividade do gene NetB. O estudo sugere que, em virtude da alta ocorrência de coccidiose nos lotes, muitos achados macroscópicos sugestivos de EN são, na verdade, atribuídos a lesões atípicas provocadas pela reprodução de Eimeria spp.

Background: The recent geographic expansion of Leishmania infantum vectors in the triple border area of Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay has highlighted the need to know the seasonality, parasite infection rate, and the factors that contribute the dispersal and handling of this parasite. Methods: Entomological, quantitative longitudinal studies were conducted in Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil, where sand fly abundance was higher in cross-sectional studies. Monthly sand fly samplings occurred in 2014-2015. LeishmaniaDNA was detected by PCR and subsequently sequenced, classified, and the infection rate was estimated. The study also featured an observational and descriptive design. Environmental variables were analyzed at the micro- and mesoscales, and the data were evaluated along with entomological and infection inputs. Results: A total of 3,582 sand flies were caught. Lutzomyia longipalpiswas the predominant species (71.5%) among 13 species found in one year of sampling. Four species, Evandromyia edwardsi, Expapillata firmatoi, Micropygomyia ferreirana, and Pintomyia christenseni were reported for the first time. The NDVI, distance from water, sex, west-to-east wind, and wind speed were significant variables for the intra-environment presence and/or abundance of vectors. The presence and/or abundance of vectors in peri-domicile were influenced by rain, altitude, maximum temperature, minimum and maximum relative humidity, west-to-east wind, wind speed, and sex. Considering PCR positivity, females infected with L. infantum were found throughout the year, and especially with Lu. longipalpis (prevalence means of 16.4). Conclusions: Vector colonization concentrates on urban and peri-urban hotspot areas, with some individuals being present in various parts of the city and few sites showing high vector abundance. This distribution suggests that the risk of actual contact between humans and parasitic vectors in urban areas during the epidemic period is associated with patches of peri-urban vegetation and then spreads across urban areas. We can state that, in the period of this study, the most critical transmission phase for L. infantum in the region is from January to May. Therefore, future management plants to reduce access to reservoirs might reduce sand fly infection and consequently human and animal infections.

The development of immunosensors to detect antibodies or antigens has stood out in the face of traditional methods for diagnosing emerging diseases such as the one caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The present study reports the construction of a simplified electrochemical immunosensor using a graphene-binding peptide applied as a recognition site to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. A screen-printed electrode was used for sensor preparation by adding a solution of peptide and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The peptide-rGO suspension was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The electrochemical characterization (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy—EIS, cyclic voltammetry—CV and differential pulse voltammetry—DPV) was performed on the modified electrode. The immunosensor response is based on the decrease in the faradaic signal of an electrochemical probe resulting from immunocomplex formation. Using the best set of experimental conditions, the analytic curve obtained showed a good linear regression (r2 = 0.913) and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.77 μg mL−1 for antibody detection. The CV and EIS results proved the efficiency of device assembly. The high selectivity of the platform, which can be attributed to the peptide, was demonstrated by the decrease in the current percentage for samples with antibody against the SARS-CoV-2 S protein and the increase in the other antibodies tested. Additionally, the DPV measurements showed a clearly distinguishable response in assays against human serum samples, with sera with a response above 95% being considered negative, whereas responses below this value were considered positive. The diagnostic platform developed with specific peptides is promising and has the potential for application in the diagnosis of other infections that lead to high antibody titers.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the productivity of maizedry matter in the consortium with forage or in single cultivation, oats + ryegrass in succession and the physical attributes in a Red Nitosol. The experiment was conducted in Concórdia -SC in the agricultural years 2016/2017 and 2017/2018. The design wasa randomized block with 5 replications, consisting of the treatments: T1 -Single maize; T2 -Maize + Pigeon pea forage (Cajanus cajan); T3 -Maize + Urochloa ruziziensis; T4 -Maize + Pigeon peaforage + U. ruziziensis, T5 –Pigeon peaforage and T6 -U.ruziziensissingle. The dry mass productivity (PMS) of maize, forage and oats + ryegrass in succession was determined. Also, the Rapid Diagnosis of Soil Structure (DRES) and the Mechanical Resistance of Soil to Penetration (RSP) were carried out after twoyears of cultivation. The presence of U. ruziziensisand / or Pigeon peadid not affect the dry matter yield of maizein both harvests. The highest PMS of oats were found in the plots following single maizeand the smallest for the second crop, where treatments with U. ruziziensisfollowed. For RSP, no significant differences were found in consortia and single crops. The treatments with U. ruziziensisobtained better indexes of structural quality. The corn consortium with Urochloa ruziziensis, in addition to not reducing silage productivity, provides forage availability in the autumn empty period, as well as improving soil attributes.

Este trabalho apresenta a casuística de diagnósticos em animais de produção entre os anos de 2013 e 2020 do Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária do IFC Campus Concórdia. Foram 1.623 diagnósticos em bovinos, 196 em ovinos e 472 em suínos, totalizando 2.291. Destes, 1.801 (78,6%) foram através de necropsias e 489 (21,4%) através de amostras formolizadas enviadas por veterinários. Em bovinos as doenças mais incidentes foram babesiose com 60 casos (3,9%); miosite clostridial com 57 casos (3,7%); leucose enzoótica bovina com 54 casos (3,5%); anaplasmose com 51 casos (3,3%); e intoxicação por nitrato/nitrito com 47 casos (3,0%). Já em ovinos, foi hemoncose com 48 casos (25,8%); lipidose hepática com 9 casos (4,8%), sendo de forma geral uma progressão da enfermidade parasitária abomasal; urolitíase com 7 casos (3,8%); e intoxicação por nitrato/nitrito com 6 casos (3,2%). Em suínos, a circovirose com 34 casos (8,3%); seguida pela a doença de Glässer e a colibacilose, cada uma com 32 casos (7,8%).

Coccidiosis is a disease of great importance in industrial poultry. The correct diagnosis directs the poultry industry to its best treatment and control. Thus, a survey of Eimeria spp. was carried out in intestines of 64 broiler flocks, with an average age of 29 days. Eight broilers from each flock were randomly removed from the slaughter line, in a total of 512 samples. Macroscopic and histopathological lesions in the intestine were classified into Scores 0 to 4. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to research the oocysts from the seven species of Eimeria spp. in the intestinal content. The macroscopic evaluations showed that 59.4% (38/64) of the flocks were positive for E. acervulina, 32.8% (21/64) for E. maxima, 29.7% (19/64) for E. tenella, and 34.4% (22/64) for E. brunetti. The histopathological evaluation showed that 87.5% (56/64) of the flocks had at least one broiler with parasitic structures compatible with Eimeria spp. in the duodenum, 70.3% (45/64) in the jejunum, 18.8% (12/64) in the ileum, 46.9% (30/64) in the cecum, and 4.7% (3/64) in the colon. In PCR, 21.9% (14/64) of the flocks were positive for E. acervulina, 12.5% (8/64) for E. maxima, 3.1% (2/64) for E. mitis, and 32.8% (21/64) for E. tenella. The Kappa Cohen test between macroscopy, histopathology, and PCR demonstrated concordance ranging from weak to moderate with the exception of histopathology and PCR of the cecum, which was strong. In the comparison between macroscopy and histopathology, there were significative differences between Scores 0 and 1 (apart from the cecum). For Score 3, there were significative differences in duodenum, jejunum and cecum (p

Immunoassays are practical and cost-effective approaches suitable for large-scale tuberculosis (TB) screening. This study identified new peptide mimotopes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and applied them in the serodiagnosis of TB. Thereby, linear (X

Coccidiosis is an enteric disease caused by protozoa of the Eimeria genus and is of great economic relevance in industrial aviculture. The objective of this work was to determine the prevalence of Eimeria sp. in broiler poultry houses with positive (System 1) and negative (System 2) pressure ventilation and assess the associated factors. A transversal study was conducted using 8 random broiler chickens from 64 houses (n = 512) and macroscopic and histologic evaluation of the intestines, as well as PCR for Eimeria sp. The prevalence of Eimeria sp. was 90.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 97.8-83.5), with 93.8% (95% CI: 100-85.4) in System 1 and 87.5% (95% CI: 99.0-76.0) in System 2. The most prevalent species was Eimeria acervulina, and the most common combination was Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria maxima, and Eimeria tenella. System 2 and the negative Eimeria subgroup showed the best results for feed conversion and daily weight gain. By evaluating litter treatment, we found that quicklime reduced the risk of presence of Eimeria maxima and Eimeria tenella. In conclusion, Eimeria sp. had a high prevalence in both systems, with a predominance of mixed infections. System 2 and negative flocks showed the best zootechnical results.

The aim of this work was to determine the morphology and growth kinetics of an isolate of primary cells from passages 1-3 of the alpaca placental chorion (aPChC) as stem cell precursors. Five alpaca placentas were processed by mechanical enzymatic disintegration for primary isolation of nucleated cells, evaluating the shape, length, width, and kinetics of these cells, as well as the population of cells obtained per gram of placental chorion tissue. The results in cell isolation yielded 6x105 nucleated cells/g of chorion tissue. The morphometry evaluated from passage 0 to 3 showed longitudinal elongation ranging from 110.99 ± 27.16 μm to 298.24 ± 52.06 μm, respectively, while the measure of the cell width ranges from 30.97 ± 8.53 μm to 48.17 ± 11.27 μm. The growth kinetics expressed as cumulative population doubling level per passage number were 2.07, 1.65, 1.06 and 0.30. The morphology and growth kinetics characteristics of the first passages of the aPChC culture denote characteristics like those of stem cells of reported domestic species. This preliminary information is important for future characterization and expansion studies of aPChC for regenerative therapy purposes for South American camelids., El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la morfología y cinética de crecimiento de un aislado de células primarias de los pasajes 1-3 del corion de placenta de alpaca (CpCPa) como precursores de células madre. Se procesaron cinco placentas de alpaca por disgregación mecánica enzimática para el aislamiento primario de células nucleadas, evaluándose la forma, longitud, ancho y cinética de dichas células, además de la población de células obtenidas por gramo de tejido del corion placentario. Los resultados en aislamiento celular dieron de rendimiento 6x105 células nucleadas/g de tejido del corion. La morfometría evaluada desde el pasaje 0 al pasaje 3 mostró elongamiento longitudinal que va desde los 110.99 ± 27.16 μm hasta los 298.24 ± 52.06 μm, respectivamente, mientras que la medida del ancho celular abarcó desde los 30.97 ± 8.53 μm hasta los 48.17 ±11.27 μm y la cinética de crecimiento expresada en nivel de doblaje poblacional acumulativo por número de pasaje fueron 2.07, 1.65, 1.06 y 0.30. Las características de morfología y cinética de crecimiento de los primeros pasajes del cultivo de las CpCPa denotaron características similares a las células madre de especies domésticas reportadas. Esta información preliminar es importante para futuros estudios de caracterización y expansión de las CpCPa con fines de terapia regenerativa para los camélidos sudamericanos.

With the COVID-19 pandemic, many diagnostic tests (molecular or immunological) were rapidly standardised, given the urgency of the situation, many are still in the process of being validated. The main objective of this study was to review the aspects of the diagnostic kits approved in Brazil and their application in the different federative units to gather epidemiological information. In order to achieve these objectives, a survey was carried out on the data available at the regulatory agency (ANVISA) and in the literature. The main countries that have registered products in Brazil are China (51.4%), Brazil (16.6%), South Korea (9.2%), USA (8.8%) and Germany (3.6%). The methodologies of these products are based on the detection of nucleic-acid (15.8%), antigen (13%) and antibody (71.2%). In the immunological tests, it was verified that the sensitivity ranged from 55 to 100% and the specificity from 80 to 100%. The percentage of cases in the samples tested in Brazil is elevated in almost all federative units since eight states showed 40% of positive cases in tested samples, while 18 states displayed between 20 and 40%. In conclusion, this review showed that Brazil is dependent on external technology to respond to pandemics, epidemics and endemics disease and needs to improve its biotechnological scheme to solve further diseases outbreaks.

The rapid and accurate diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB), especially considering limited resources, is still a challenge. Development of new methodologies and tests are needed to overcome several disadvantages of the available standard tests. We evaluated the diagnostic potential of two antigens specific for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the CFP10 and ESAT6 recombinant proteins, and developed stable formulations thereof. Sensitivity and specificity of the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin testing and the induction of gamma interferon production (IFN-γ) by lymphocytes, as a non-invasive test, were evaluated using the CFP10 and ESAT6 protein formulations. The recombinant proteins produced by our group presented a high DTH response and the ability to differentiate between tuberculosis infection, BCG vaccination, and the contact with non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). The production of IFN-γ by stimulation with individual and combined proteins was detected in a panel of 40 individuals and showed a specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 90% when the two proteins were used together. Lyophilized formulations were stable under all conditions, while soluble formulations were stable under freezing at -20 ºC and -80 ºC. The proposed formulations containing the ESAT6 and CFP10 recombinant antigens constitute satisfactory tools for TB testing, suitable to be developed and implemented in a large-scale trial.

Coccidiosis is an enteric disease caused by protozoa of thePrevalencia de

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el porcentaje de viabilidad en espermatozoides epididimarios de alpaca, antes y después del proceso de criopreservación, mediante citometría de flujo. Se recolectaron 46 testículos de alpaca de un camal de Pasco, Perú y se utilizaron 41 de ellos con motilidad espermática ≥30% y concentración espermática ≥50x106 espermatozoides/ml. Los espermatozoides fueron recuperados de la cola del epidídimo con 1 ml de dilutor a base de leche descremada. separándose en dos alícuotas para evaluar la viabilidad antes y después del proceso de criopreservación. El dilutor fue retirado mediante lavados por centrifugación con PBS, los pellets fueron resuspendidos en 100 µl de PBS, agregándose 0.5 µl de SYBR-14 (100 nM) y 0.5 µl de ioduro de propidio – PI (12 µM) incubándose por 10 min a 38 °C. La evaluación de viabilidad espermática se realizó mediante citometría de flujo con analizador de imágenes, utilizando un láser de excitación de 488 nm y la fluorescencia emitida por el SYBR-14 y el PI fueron detectados por los canales Ch02 (505-560 nm) y Ch05 (642-740 nm), respectivamente. Los espermatozoides viables con membrana intacta emitieron fluorescencia verde (SYBR-14) y los espermatozoides no viables con membrana dañada emitieron fluorescencia roja (PI). La viabilidad antes del proceso de criopreservación (48.97 ± 11.47%) fue mayor (p

The aims of this research are to know: (1) The relationship between Intellectual Capital and Capital Structure, (2) The influence Intellectual Capital by partially to Firm Value, (3) The influence Capital Structure by partially to Fimr Value, (4) The Influence of Intellectual Capital and Capital Structure by simultaneously to Firm Value. This research object cover The Intellectual Capital, Capital Structure, and Firm Value on the financial statements of LQ45 Company listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016. Data anlysis in this survey are used path analysis. The results shows that: The relationship between Intellectual Capital and Capital Structure is not significant. Partially, Intellectual Capital have a positive and significant effect to Firm Value. Partially, Capital structure is not significant to Firm Value. In simultaneously, Intellectual Capital and Capital Structure have a influence significant to Firm Value.

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether infection Eimeria spp. in broiler chickens could negatively affect seric enzymes linked to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) metabolism and its relationship to oxidative stress. For this, 30 broiler chickens, 27 days-old, were divided into two groups (n = 15): the control group (C) and the group infected by Eimeria spp. (I). On days 1, 7 and 15 of the experiment, the animals were weighed, and fecal and blood samples were collected to evaluate the presence of oocysts and for serum biochemistry and enzymatic parameters, respectively. On day 15, one animal per repetition was submitted to euthanasia and intestinal fragments were collected for histopathological analyses. The body weight was lower in infected animals on day 15 of experiment, while oocyst counts were higher in infected animals on days 7 and 15 of the experiment. Serum levels of globulins were lower in infected animals on days 7 and 15 of experiment, while uric acid levels were higher in the same days, which represent changes on the immune system. Compared to the uninfected animals, on days 7 and 15, levels of serum globulins, triglycerides, creatine kinase and cholesterol were lower. Levels of adenylate kinase and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were higher on both days in infected animals, while levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) were elevated on day 15. Lesions and immature forms of the parasite were observed in the intestines of infected birds. The phosphotransfer network elicited by an oxidative stress negatively affected the performance of broiler chickens with coccidiosis.

Antigen formulation is the main feature for the success of leishmaniosis diagnosis and vaccination, since the disease is caused by different parasite species that display particularities which determine their pathogenicity and virulence. It is desirable that the antigens are recognized by different antibodies and are immunogenic for almost all Leishmania species. To overcome this problem, we selected six potentially immunogenic peptides derived from Leishmania histones and parasite membrane molecules obtained by phage display or spot synthesis and entrapped in liposome structures.We used these peptides to immunize New Zealand rabbits and determine the immunogenic capacity of the chimeric antigen. The peptides induced the production of antibodies as a humoral immune response against L. braziliensis or L. infantum. Next, to evaluate the innate response to induce cellular activation, macrophages from the peptide mix-immunized rabbits were infected in vitro with L. braziliensis or L. infantum. The peptidemix generated the IFN-g, IL-12, IL-4 and TGF-b that led to Th1 and Th2 cellular immune responses. Interestingly, this mix of peptides also induced high expression of iNOS. These results suggest that themix of peptides derived fromhistone and parasitesmembranemolecules was able to mimic parasites proteins and induce cytokines important to CD4+ T cell Th1 and Th2 differentiation and effector molecule to control the parasite infection. Finally, this peptide induced an immune balance that is important to prevent immunopathological disorders, inflammatory reactions, and control the parasite infection., Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales

El objetivo de la investigación se orienta al diseño de una estrategia metodológica para contribuir al desarrollo del aprendizaje metacognitivo en los estudiantes de I ciclo de Matemáticas de la carrera de Administración de una universidad de Lima. Así, el estudio se desarrolló desde el paradigma socio-crítico interpretativo, enfoque cualitativo, el tipo de investigación es educacional aplicada y el diseño no experimental. La muestra se conforma por 64 estudiantes y tres docentes, quienes se seleccionaron a partir de un muestreo no probabilístico. Como parte del diagnóstico de campo se aplicaron varias técnicas e instrumentos: la observación realizada en clase, el cuestionario, la prueba pedagógica y la entrevista realizada a docentes, quienes posteriormente evaluaron, bajo criterio de expertos, el nivel de efectividad de la propuesta. Los resultados posibilitaron identificar las categorías emergentes generales y las influyentes en el problema científico. Como conclusión principal se propone una estrategia metodológica que dados los fundamentos científicos, didácticos y prácticos orientan al docente al conducir el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje a fin de contribuir al desarrollo del aprendizaje metacognitivo en los estudiantes de I ciclo de Matemática de la carrera de Administración . Tesis

The aim of this study was to characterize the semen of the Peruvian Hairless Dog. Fifteen males, aged 1 to 5 years, registered by the Kennel Club Peruano were used to collect semen (one ejaculated per male) by digital manipulation. A basic spermatogram was performed and macroscopic (volume and colour) and microscopic (sperm motility and concentration, using light field microscopy) characteristics were recorded. Additionally, sperm function tests were performed: sperm viability (using SYBR-14 and propidium iodide), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP, using MitoTraker Deep Red FM), and acrosomal integrity (using FITC-PSA and propidium iodide) and analysed by flow cytometry with image analysis. The following values ​​were found (mean ± 95% CI): 6.1 ± 2.7 ml volume, opalescent colour; 66.7 ± 10.5% motility; 262.7 ± 20.4 x 106 sperm/ml sperm concentration; 77.7 ± 9.7% of sperm viability; 85.9 ± 5.1% high MMP; 83.6 ± 14.9% acrosomal integrity. These results represent the first report on the seminal characteristics of this breed and could be taken as reference values ​​for a better selection of breeding males and for the diagnosis of reproductive alterations of the breed., El objetivo del estudio fue caracterizar el semen del Perro sin Pelo del Perú. Quince machos, de edades entre 1 a 5 años, inscritos en el Kennel Club Peruano fueron utilizados para colectar semen (un eyaculado por macho) mediante manipulación digital. Se realizó un espermatograma básico y se registraron características macroscópicas (volumen y color) y microscópicas (motilidad y concentración espermática, utilizando microscopía de campo claro). Adicionalmente, se realizaron pruebas de función espermática: viabilidad espermática (utilizando SYBR-14 y ioduro de propidio), potencial de membrana mitocondrial (PMM; utilizando MitoTraker Deep Red FM), e integridad acrosomal (utilizando FITC-PSA y ioduro de propidio), analizadas posteriormente mediante citometría de flujo con análisis de imágenes. Se encontraron los siguientes valores (medias ± IC 95%): 6.1 ± 2.7 ml de volumen, color blanquecino; 66.7 ± 10.5% de motilidad; 262.7 ± 20.4 x 106 espermatozoides/ml de concentración espermática; 77.7 ± 9.7% de viabilidad espermática; 85.9 ± 5.1% de alto PMM; 83.6 ± 14.9% de integridad acrosomal. Estos resultados representan el primer reporte sobre las características seminales de esta raza y podrían ser tomados como valores de referencia para una mejor selección de machos reproductores y para el diagnóstico de alteraciones reproductivas de la raza.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of cryopreservation on acrosomal integrity in viable alpaca sperm. Samples from 46 alpaca testicles that had motility >30% and sperm concentration >50x106 sperm/ml were processed. Sperm recovered from the tail of the epididymis were separated into two 500 µl aliquots. The first aliquot was for the initial fresh evaluation and the second aliquot was frozen in straws and stored in liquid nitrogen until the evaluation of acrosomal integrity. For the evaluation of viability and acrosomal integrity, 100 µl of each sample were incubated with 2.5 µl of FITC-PSA (100 µg/ml) and 0.5 µl of propidium iodide (PI, 2.4 mM) for 10 min at 38 °C. Immediately afterwards, the samples were evaluated by flow cytometry, acquiring 10000 events compatible with sperm per sample. FITC-PSA and PI were excited with a 488 nm laser, and fluorescence emission was detected using channels Ch02 (505-560 nm) for FITC-PSA and Ch05 (642-740 nm) for PI. The percentage of sperm with acrosomal integrity (FITC-PSA negative) of the population of viable sperm (PI negative) was determined. Wilcoxon's signed rank test was used to determine how cryopreservation affects acrosomal integrity in viable sperm. The acrosomal integrity of fresh viable spermatozoa (98.25 ± 5.41%) was found to be similar to that of viable post-thaw spermatozoa (98.75 ± 2.17%). It is concluded that viable alpaca sperm before and after the cryopreservation process maintain a high percentage of acrosomal integrity., El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el efecto de la criopreservación sobre la integridad acrosomal en espermatozoides viables de alpaca. Se procesaron muestras de 46 testículos de alpaca que presentaron una motilidad >30% y concentración espermática >50x106 espermatozoides/ml. Los espermatozoides recuperados de la cola del epidídimo se separaron en dos alícuotas de 500 µl. La primera alícuota fue para la evaluación inicial en fresco y la segunda alícuota se congeló en pajillas que fueron almacenadas en nitrógeno líquido hasta el día de su evaluación. Para la evaluación de viabilidad e integridad acrosomal, 100 µl de cada muestra fueron incubadas con 2.5 µl de FITC-PSA (100 µg/ml) y 0.5 µl de ioduro de propidio (PI, 2.4 mM) por 10 min a 38°C. Inmediatamente después, las muestras se evaluaron por citometría de flujo, adquiriéndose diez mil eventos compatibles con espermatozoides por muestra. FITC-PSA y PI fueron excitados con un láser de 488 nm, y la emisión de fluorescencia fue detectada utilizando los canales Ch02 (505-560 nm) para FITC-PSA y Ch05 (642-740nm) para PI. Se determinó el porcentaje de espermatozoides con integridad acrosomal (FITC-PSA negativos) de la población de espermatozoides viables (PI negativos). Se utilizó la prueba de los rangos con signos de Wilcoxon para determinar como la criopreservación afecta la integridad acrosomal en los espermatozoides viables. Se encontró que la integridad acrosomal de los espermatozoides viables frescos (98.25 ± 5.41%) fue similar a la de los espermatozoides viables pos-descongelamiento (98.75 ± 2.17%). Se concluye que los espermatozoides viables de alpaca antes y después del proceso de criopreservación mantienen un elevado porcentaje de integridad acrosomal.

Pengaruh Hidrolisis Dan pH Subtrat Terhadap Rendemen Destilat Hasil Fermentasi Buah Semu Jambu Mete Menggunakan Ragi Roti Dan Ragi Tape”, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Konsentrasi HCl dalam proses hidrolisis dan pH optimum subtrat yang menghasilkan rendemen destilat tertinggi pada fermentasi buah semu jambu mete menggunakan ragi roti dan ragi tape. Metode yang digunakan adalah eksperimen, diawali hidrolisis buah semu jambu mete dengan konsentrasi HCl 0,05N, 0,1N 0,2N dan pH subtrat 4, 5, dan 6, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan fermentasi secara anaerob selama 60 jam menggunakan ragi roti dan ragi tape. Volume destilat hasil fermentasi diukur dan dihitung rendemennya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada hidrolisis dengan konsentrasi HCl 0.2N dan pH subtrat 5 diperoleh rendemen destilat yang tertinggi baik menggunakan ragi roti (3,92%) maupun ragi tape (3,08%)

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the type (dimethylacetamide [DMA] and dimethylformamide [DMF]) and concentrations (1, 3.5, 7%) of cryoprotective agents on three sperm parameters during the cryopreservation process of epididymal alpaca sperm. A 2x3 factorial design consisting of the two cryoprotectants and the three concentrations was used. The parameters of sperm viability (SYBR-14/PI) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MitoTracker Deep Red FM) of sperm of 40 epididymis were evaluated by flow cytometry and motility by microscopy after thawing. 111/5000. A higher percentage of motility after thawing was found with AMD (14%) than with DMF (10%) (p=0.001). In addition, there was a significant effect of the cryoprotectant concentration in all the parameters evaluated (p, El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el efecto de dos tipos (dimetilacetamida [DMA] y dimetilformamida [DMF]) y tres concentraciones (1, 3.5, 7%) de agentes crioprotectores sobre parámetros espermáticos durante el proceso de criopreservación de espermatozoides epididimarios de alpaca. Se empleó un diseño factorial 2 x 3 formado por los dos crioprotectores y las tres concentraciones. Se evaluaron los parámetros de viabilidad espermática (SYBR-14/PI) y potencial de membrana mitocondrial (MitoTracker Deep Red FM) mediante citometría de flujo y motilidad pos-descongelación por microscopía de muestras de material espermático de 40 epidídimos. Se encontró un mayor porcentaje de motilidad pos-descongelamiento con DMA (14%) que con DMF (10%) (p=0.001). Además, hubo efecto significativo de la concentración del crioprotector en todos los parámetros evaluados (p

Summary This report describes a case of tracheobronchitis caused by Aspergillus fumigatus in a cow. A 4-year-old Jersey cow was submitted for necropsy examination. Grossly, the mucosa of the trachea and bronchi was diffusely reddened and was covered by a moderate amount of yellow, caseous material, sometimes with small foci of grey ‘cotton-like’ appearance, suggestive of filamentous fungus. Microscopical analysis of the trachea and bronchi showed marked diffuse mucosal and submucosal necrosis with a large amount of cellular debris, fibrinous exudation and inflammatory infiltration dominated by macrophages and neutrophils. There were large numbers of septate fungal hyphae with acute bifurcation angles and conidia and vesicles typical of Aspergillus spp. that were stained by the Grocott method. A. fumigatus growth in mycological culture from the trachea and bronchi was confirmed by molecular identification. Tracheobronchitis caused by A. fumigatus infection in cattle is poorly described and requires further research to improve the therapeutic management of the disorder.

From research conducted at the KALIBER Waste Bankit shows that the KALIBER waste bank customers always increase every year, but it is very unfortunate if the KALIBER waste bank has not made financial reports in accordance with SAK-EMKM. So this research was conducted with the aim of compiling Financial Statements Based on Financial Accounting Standards for Micro, Small and Medium Entities (SAK EMKM) at the Clean Kalibukbuk Waste Bank (KALIBER) in Kalibukbuk Village, Buleleng city. The research method is carried out using qualitative methods using data collection techniques through interviews, observations, literature studies, and documentation. From the problems encountered, the solution is to prepare financial statements in accordance with SAK-EMKM by obtaining results on the income statement for July – December 31, 2020 amounting to Rp 2.176.200 and for the balance sheet/financial position report showing the total assets and liabilities of Rp 120.215.525.Keywords: Waste bank, SAK EMKM, financial reports

The objective of this study was to detect changes in intracellular reactive oxygen species (superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide) production and lipid peroxidation during cryopreservation of alpaca spermatozoa. Twelve alpaca semen samples were conventionally cryopreserved. Intracellular superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy using dihydroethidium (DHE)/YO-PRO-1 and dichlorofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA)/propidium iodide (PI), respectively. Evaluations were performed during cooling curve at (1) 25°C, (2) 15°C, (3) 5°C/0 min, (4) 5°C/15 min, (5) 5°C/30 min and (6) after freezing/thawing. Evaluation of lipid peroxidation by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) was performed at 25°C, 5°C/30 min and after thawing. Maximum percentages of total spermatozoa producing superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide were found at 5°C/30 min (62.8 ± 6.3% and 30.5 ± 5.6%, respectively), and these results were higher (p .05) than initial (25°C: 10.8 ± 3.8% and 6.8 ± 0.7%, respectively) and after thawing (29.8 ± 9.5% and 7.5 ± 1.8%, respectively) values. However, considering only viable spermatozoa, production of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide during overall stabilization at 5°C (76% and91%, respectively) and after thawing (74.9 ± 5.0% and 78.9 ± 2.2%, respectively) was higher (p .05) than initial values at 25°C (38.7 ± 3.1% and 53.6 ± 2.0%, respectively). Lipid peroxidation at 25°C, 5°C/30 min, and post-thawing were 346.5 ± 99.8, 401.1 ± 64.8 and 527.7 ± 142.8 ng/ml MDA, respectively. These results showed that high percentage of viable alpaca spermatozoa produces intracellular reactive species oxygen (ROS) during the cryopreservation process of alpaca semen.

Although computer-assisted systems for sperm morphometry and morphological analysis are important tools in the study of male fertility, their use in extensive systems in alpacas is limited by factors such as the expense of equipment and the high altitudes of the Andean region. The objectives of this study were to evaluate alpaca sperm head morphometry using a nonautomated digital method and determine the frequency of sperm abnormalities based on strict criteria for sperm morphology in fertile male alpacas. Ejaculates (n = 15) from seven alpacas were collected, and sperm smears stained with modified Papanicolaou were processed. For morphometric analysis, 3,000 sperm (200 cells/sample) images were captured at 400× magnification and Quick Photo MICRO 3.0 software was used for manual measurement of basic (sperm head length, width, perimeter and area) and derived variables (ellipticity, shape factor, elongation and regularity). For morphology assessment, smears were observed at 1000× magnification according to WHO and strict criteria. Average morphometric parameters were length 5.48 μm, width 2.99 μm, perimeter 13.62 μm, area 12.43 μm2 , ellipticity 1.86, shape factor 1.20, elongation 0.29 and regularity 1.05. Significant between-individual and within-individual differences were found in morphometric parameters. Based on morphometric study, sperm heads were classified as elliptical or normal (49%), long (18%), short (2%), pyriform (12%), round (9%), large (6%) and small (4%). Morphological analysis found no additional sperm head defects in 49% of normal sperm obtained by morphometry, although a 4% incidence of neck/mid-piece defects and a 16% incidence of principal-piece defects were found. We conclude that sperm head morphometry assessment in fertile alpacas using a nonautomated digital method is feasible, and that defects in sperm heads constitute the main morphological alteration (>50% of the sperm population), based on WHO and strict criteria.

Background: Immunocastration is a less invasive and painless procedure compared to surgical castration, which causes greater stress to animals, especially when performed improperly. Immunocastration stimulates the production of antibodies against Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH), temporarily blocking the hormone production by the male gonads. Anatomopathological evaluation of animals submitted to immunocastration with the establishment of different degrees of testicular degeneration helps to evaluate the efficacy of the different dose ranges used for this procedure. Because of the scarcity of information about this procedure in young bulls, the study aimed to compare the immunocastrated and non-castrated animals.Materials, Methods & Results: Eighteen Angus-Limousin bulls were used from weaning (7 ± 1 months) to slaughtering (15 ± 1 months) with the establishment of two groups composed of nine non-castrated (NC) and nine immunocastrated (IC) animals. In the IC group, three doses of GnRH synthesis inhibitor vaccine (Bopriva®) were applied on days 0 (weaning), 87 and 223. At slaughter, scrotal circumference, weight (kg), width (cm), length (cm) and total size (width x length) of the testicles were obtained, then were routinely processed for histopathological analysis. Four degrees of testicular degeneration was established: grade 0 (no changes), grade 1 (mild), grade 2 (moderate) and grade 3 (severe). Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t-test to compare the means of macroscopic variables. The scrotal circumference started to decrease in the IC animals on day 132, with a certain growth from day 194. There was a significant difference between the two groups for width (P = 0.001), length (P = 0.004), total size (P = 0.003) and scrotal circumference (P = 0.04). Testicles of the IC group tended to be lighter (P = 0.06). The final difference between the groups was 6.3 cm for scrotal perimeter, with respective averages of 27.44 cm and 33.77 cm for the IC and NC group, respectively. In the microscopic evaluation, NC animals obtained grade 0. In the IC animals, 33.33% (3/9) had degeneration grade 1 with slight basement membrane tortuosity and Sertoli cell atrophy, 33.33% (3/9) obtained grade 2 with moderate tortuosity and thickening of seminiferous tubules, Sertoli and Leydig cell atrophy, and absence of spermatogenesis and 33.33% (3/9) reached grade 3, with decreased seminiferous tubules and a severe and diffuse atrophy of Leydig and Sertoli cells and complete absence of spermatogenesis, with a 1:5 ratio in seminiferous tubule diameter between NC and IC grade 3 animals, respectively.Discussion: There was a significant difference in several testicular macroscopic aspects between the two groups, similar to values using eight months old field-bred animals, with a difference of 8.78 cm between groups, also with the use of three doses of Bopriva. The only macroscopic variable that showed just a tendency of difference between the groups was testicular weight, whereas, in a study with crossbred animals with nine months old, there was a difference of 152 g in testicular weight between groups. Histologically, in immunocastrated two-year-old Nelore cattle, 85% demonstrated a total absence of spermatogenesis and 15% had a partial reduction, suggesting functional recovery of Sertoli cells after the last vaccination booster or partial inhibition of spermatogenesis. In this study, 90-day dose intervals produced effective immunization during 105 days, which is the suggested period for the third dose. The anatomopathological analysis proved to be effective for the comparison between the groups and the degree of the promoted degeneration.

The aim of this study was to determine the percentage of viability in alpaca epididymal spermatozoa before and after the cryopreservation process by flow cytometry. A total of 46 alpaca testes were collected from a slaughterhouse in Pasco, Peru and 41 of them were used with sperm motility ≥30% and sperm concentration ≥50x106 sperm/ml. Spermatozoa were recovered from the tail of the epididymis with 1 ml of skimmed milk-based extender, separating into two aliquots to evaluate viability before and after the cryopreservation process. The extender was removed by washing by centrifugation with PBS, the pellets were resuspended in 100 μl of PBS, adding 0.5 μl of SYBR-14 (100 nM) and 0.5 μl of propidium iodide - PI (12 μM), and incubated for 10 min at 38°C. The evaluation of sperm viability was performed by flow cytometry with image analyzer, using an excitation laser of 488 nm and the fluorescence emitted by SYBR-14 and PI were detected by channels Ch02 (505-560 nm) and Ch05 (642-740 nm), respectively. Viable spermatozoa with intact membrane emitted green fluorescence (SYBR-14) and non-viable sperm with damaged membrane emitted red fluorescence (PI). The viability before the cryopreservation process (48.97 ± 11.47%) was higher (p, El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el porcentaje de viabilidad en espermatozoides epididimarios de alpaca, antes y después del proceso de criopreservación, mediante citometría de flujo. Se recolectaron 46 testículos de alpaca de un camal de Pasco, Perú y se utilizaron 41 de ellos con motilidad espermática ≥30% y concentración espermática ≥50x106 espermatozoides/ml. Los espermatozoides fueron recuperados de la cola del epidídimo con 1 ml de dilutor a base de leche descremada. separándose en dos alícuotas para evaluar la viabilidad antes y después del proceso de criopreservación. El dilutor fue retirado mediante lavados por centrifugación con PBS, los pellets fueron resuspendidos en 100 µl de PBS, agregándose 0.5 µl de SYBR-14 (100 nM) y 0.5 µl de ioduro de propidio – PI (12 µM) incubándose por 10 min a 38°C. La evaluación de viabilidad espermática se realizó mediante citometría de flujo con analizador de imágenes, utilizando un láser de excitación de 488 nm y la fluorescencia emitida por el SYBR-14 y el PI fueron detectados por los canales Ch02 (505-560 nm) y Ch05 (642-740 nm), respectivamente. Los espermatozoides viables con membrana intacta emitieron fluorescencia verde (SYBR-14) y los espermatozoides no viables con membrana dañada emitieron fluorescencia roja (PI). La viabilidad antes del proceso de criopreservación (48.97 ± 11.47%) fue mayor (p

Este trabalho apresenta a casuística de diagnósticos no ano de 2016 do Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária do IFC Campus Concórdia. Foram 236 diagnósticos em bovinos, 31 em ovinos e 125 em suínos, totalizando 392. Destes, 268 (68,4%) foram através de necropsias e 124 (31,6%) através de amostras formolizadas enviadas por veterinários. Em bovinos as doenças mais incidentes foram miosite clostridial com 16 casos (6,8%); leucose enzoótica bovina com 9 casos (3,8%); salmonelose com 8 casos (3,4%); intoxicação por nitrato/nitrito com 8 casos (3,4%); hemoncose com 7 casos (3,1%) e anaplasmose com 6 casos (2,6%). Já em ovinos foi hemoncose com 6 casos (19,4%) e em suínos doença de Glässer com 8 casos (6,4%); circovirose com 6 casos (4,8%) e raquitismo com 6 casos (4,8%).

The aim of this study was to demonstrate, by flow cytometry, that the percentage of alpaca spermatozoa with high mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) is significantly reduced after the cryopreservation process. Forty-one alpaca testicles were obtained from a local slaughterhouse in the Ninacaca district, Pasco, Peru. The spermatozoa were recovered from the tail of the epididymis with an extender based on skim milk and only those samples with minimum 30% motility and 50x106 spermatozoa/ml were cryopreserved. The MMP evaluation was carried out before and after the cryopreservation process. Each sample was incubated for 10 minutes at 38 °C with MitoTracker Deep Red (100 nM) to determine the percentage of high MMP by imaging flow cytometry. The effect of cryopreservation on the percentage of spermatozoa with high MMP was evaluated by a paired t-student test and the percentage of motility and sperm with high MMP were correlated. A 49.82 ± 12.41 and 34.97 ± 9.96% of high MMP were obtained in samples before and after the cryopreservation process (p, El objetivo de este estudio fue demostrar, mediante la citometría de flujo, que el porcentaje de espermatozoides de alpaca con alto potencial de membrana mitocondrial (PMM) se reduce significativamente luego del proceso de criopreservación. Se trabajó con 41 testículos de alpacas obtenidos del Camal Municipal de Ninacaca, Pasco, Perú. Se recuperaron los espermatozoides de la cola de los epidídimos con un dilutor en base a leche descremada y se congelaron solo aquellas muestras con mínimos de 30% de motilidad y 50x106 espermatozoides/ml. La evaluación del PMM se realizó antes y después del proceso de criopreservación. Cada muestra se incubó durante 10 minutos a 38 °C con MitoTracker Deep Red (100 nM) para determinar el porcentaje de alto PMM, mediante citometría de flujo con imágenes. El efecto de la criopreservación en el porcentaje de espermatozoides con alto PMM fue evaluado mediante la prueba de T-student pareada. Así mismo, se correlacionaron los porcentajes de motilidad y espermatozoides con alto PMM. Se obtuvo un 49.82 ± 12.41 y de 34.97 ± 9.96% de alto PMM en muestras antes y después del proceso de criopreservación (p

Glycerol monolaurate (GML), known as lauric acid, is a chemical compound formed from lauric acid and glycerol that presents strong antimicrobial activity. Therefore, our hypothesis is that MGL can replace conventional antimicrobials, being a new alternative to poultry farming. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the addition of GML as a replacement for antibiotics could have positive effects on health and performance of broiler chickens. For this, 240, one-day-old, Cobb 500 broiler chicks were weighed and randomly distributed into four groups with four repetitions each (n = 15). The control group, T0, received a basal diet containing antibiotic (60 ppm of bacitracin), while the T100, T200, and T300 groups received a basal diet supplemented with 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg of GML, respectively. The birds were weighed at intervals of seven days, as well as at the end of the experiment (day 42). Blood samples were collected for evaluating animal health, stool for counting bacteria and coccidian, as well as muscle (chest) to measure meat quality, respectively. At the end of the experiment (day 42), body weight, weight gain, and daily weight gain of broiler chickens in the T300 group were higher than the T0 group (P 0.05). Indeed, feed conversion was lower compared to T0. Animals that received diets containing GML showed lower amounts of Eimeria spp. oocysts on day 42 in comparison to the control group. Low total bacterial counts on day 21 of the experiment were also observed in the treated groups. Conversely, plasma levels of total protein, globulins, uric acid, and glucose were higher in animals that received GML when compared to the control group. It was also observed higher carcass yields in the breast muscle of the T100 group when compared to other groups. Lower water holding capacity was observed in breast meat of animals of the groups T100, T200, and T300 when compared to T0. Histopathological findings were compatible with coccidiosis, and the degree of these lesions did not differ among groups. Based on these results, GML in the diets of broiler chickens, showing potent antimicrobial effect, growth promoter capacity, and lack of toxicity. Therefore, GML is a promising alternative to replace conventional antimicrobials used in the diets of broiler chickens.

Spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) is known for its self-renewal capacity. We have studied the in vitro proliferation of isolated SSC from adult alpaca (Vicugna pacos) testes. A total of 107 samples were evaluated of which 31 were evaluated at baseline, 36 were cultivated in DMEM and 40 in STEMPRO media. Half of the cultivated samples was analysed after 14 days, and the rest after 21 days. Round cell subpopulations were identified with FITC-DBA by flow cytometry: strongly positive DBA (sDBA+) as SSC, weakly positive DBA (wDBA+) as in early differentiation and negative DBA as differentiated. At the beginning, 4.16% of the cells were SSC, 37.61% wDBA+ while 54.12% were DBA-. After 14 days, 42.28% of SSC, 44.68% wDBA+ and 11.07% DBA- were found in DMEM while 47.09% of SSC, 32.57% wDBA+ and 18.48% DBA- in STEMPRO. After 21 days 38.66% were SSC, 52.78% wDBA and 7.65% DBA- in DMEM and on STEMPRO media 47.92% SSC, 44.20% wDBA+, 4.93% DBA-. There is a significant difference between the number of initial and SSC cultivated, as well as between DBA- (p < 0.05), while there is no significant difference between the wDBA+ (p > 0.05). Our results suggest that both culture media are appropriate for the in vitro proliferation of alpacas SSC.

El objetivo de este estudio fue demostrar, mediante la citometría de flujo, que el porcentaje de espermatozoides de alpaca con alto potencial de membrana mitocondrial (PMM) se reduce significativamente luego del proceso de criopreservación. Se trabajó con 41 testículos de alpacas obtenidos del Camal Municipal de Ninacaca, Pasco, Perú. Se recuperaron los espermatozoides de la cola de los epidídimos con un dilutor en base a leche descremada y se congelaron solo aquellas muestras con mínimos de 30% de motilidad y 50x10(6) espermatozoides/ml. La evaluación del PMM se realizó antes y después del proceso de criopreservación. Cada muestra se incubó durante 10 minutos a 38 °C con MitoTracker Deep Red (100 nM) para determinar el porcentaje de alto PMM, mediante citometría de flujo con imágenes. El efecto de la criopreservación en el porcentaje de espermatozoides con alto PMM fue evaluado mediante la prueba de T-student pareada. Así mismo, se correlacionaron los porcentajes de motilidad y espermatozoides con alto PMM. Se obtuvo un 49.82 ± 12.41 y de 34.97 ± 9.96% de alto PMM en muestras antes y después del proceso de criopreservación (p

El objetivo del estudio fue caracterizar el semen del Perro sin Pelo del Perú. Quince machos, de edades entre 1 a 5 años, inscritos en el Kennel Club Peruano fueron utilizados para colectar semen (un eyaculado por macho) mediante manipulación digital. Se realizó un espermatograma básico y se registraron características macroscópicas (volumen y color) y microscópicas (motilidad y concentración espermática, utilizando microscopía de campo claro). Adicionalmente, se realizaron pruebas de función espermática: viabilidad espermática (utilizando SYBR-14 y ioduro de propidio), potencial de membrana mitocondrial (PMM; utilizando MitoTraker Deep Red FM), e integridad acrosomal (utilizando FITC-PSA y ioduro de propidio), analizadas posteriormente mediante citometría de flujo con análisis de imágenes. Se encontraron los siguientes valores (medias ± IC 95%): 6.1 ± 2.7 ml de volumen, color blanquecino; 66.7 ± 10.5% de motilidad; 262.7 ± 20.4 x 106 espermatozoides/ml de concentración espermática; 77.7 ± 9.7% de viabilidad espermática; 85.9 ± 5.1% de alto PMM; 83.6 ± 14.9% de integridad acrosomal. Estos resultados representan el primer reporte sobre las características seminales de esta raza y podrían ser tomados como valores de referencia para una mejor selección de machos reproductores y para el diagnóstico de alteraciones reproductivas de la raza.

Epididymal alpaca sperm represent an alternative model for the study of alpaca semen. The objective of this study was to characterize the normal values of some functional variables in epididymal alpaca sperm using imaging flow cytometry. Alpaca testicles (n=150) were processed and sperm were recovered from the cauda epididymides. Only 76 samples with acceptable motility and sperm count were considered for assessment by imaging flow cytometry. Acrosome integrity and integrity/viability were assessed by FITC-PSA/PI and FITC-PNA/PI. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was assessed by MitoTracker CMXRos and MitoTracker Deep Red FM. Lipid peroxidation was evaluated using BODIPY 581/591 C11. Results show that the mean values for acrosome-intact sperm were 95.03±6.39% and 93.34±7.96%, using FITC-PSA and FITC-PNA, respectively. The mean values for acrosome-intact viable sperm were 60.58±12.12% with FITC-PSA/PI and 58.81±12.94% with FITC-PNA/PI. Greater MMP was detected in 65.03±15.92% and 59.52±19.19%, using MitoTracker CMXRos and MitoTracker Deep Red FM, respectively. Lipid peroxidation was 0.84±0.95%. Evaluation of acrosome-intact and acrosome-intact viable sperm with FITC-PSA/PI compared with. FITC-PNA/PI or MMP with MitoTracker CMXRos compared with MitoTracker Deep Red FM were correlated (P0.05). The MMP using MitoTracker CMXRos was the only variable correlated (P0.05) with sperm motility (r=0.3979). This report provides a basis for future research related to alpaca semen using the epididymal sperm model.

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el efecto de la criopreservación sobre la integridad acrosomal en espermatozoides viables de alpaca. Se procesaron muestras de 46 testículos de alpaca que presentaron una motilidad >30% y concentración espermática >50x106 espermatozoides/ml. Los espermatozoides recuperados de la cola del epidídimo se separaron en dos alícuotas de 500 µl. La primera alícuota fue para la evaluación inicial en fresco y la segunda alícuota se congeló en pajillas que fueron almacenadas en nitrógeno líquido hasta el día de su evaluación. Para la evaluación de viabilidad e integridad acrosomal, 100 µl de cada muestra fueron incubadas con 2.5 µl de FITC-PSA (100 µg/ml) y 0.5 µl de ioduro de propidio (PI, 2.4 mM) por 10 min a 38 °C. Inmediatamente después, las muestras se evaluaron por citometría de flujo, adquiriéndose diez mil eventos compatibles con espermatozoides por muestra. FITC-PSA y PI fueron excitados con un láser de 488 nm, y la emisión de fluorescencia fue detectada utilizando los canales Ch02 (505-560 nm) para FITC-PSA y Ch05 (642-740nm) para PI. Se determinó el porcentaje de espermatozoides con integridad acrosomal (FITC-PSA negativos) de la población de espermatozoides viables (PI negativos). Se utilizó la prueba de los rangos con signos de Wilcoxon para determinar como la criopreservación afecta la integridad acrosomal en los espermatozoides viables. Se encontró que la integridad acrosomal de los espermatozoides viables frescos (98.25 ± 5.41%) fue similar a la de los espermatozoides viables pos-descongelamiento (98.75 ± 2.17%). Se concluye que los espermatozoides viables de alpaca antes y después del proceso de criopreservación mantienen un elevado porcentaje de integridad acrosomal.

There are already many questionnaires on the nature of science that are used in general, but it is still very rare for Indonesian version. This study developed an Indonesian version of questionnaire on the nature of science for students. The questionnaire consists of 27 items with nine dimensions as result of literature study. The questionnaire was validated by 12 experts with improvements to several items. Questionnaire is reliable with 11 items are valid. Factor analysis shows that this questionnaire consists of ten dimensions that is not in accordance with the grid arranged. Excess dimensions of factor analysis occur because these dimensions are closely interrelated so that their indicators are difficult to differentiate. This tested questionnaire can be used to see the students’ views on the nature of science. To compile the next questionnaire on the nature of science, we recommend that the dimensions be simplified; the dimensions that are closely related should be made into one.

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el efecto de dos tipos (dimetilacetamida [DMA] y dimetilformamida [DMF]) y tres concentraciones (1, 3.5, 7%) de agentes crioprotectores sobre parámetros espermáticos durante el proceso de criopreservación de espermatozoides epididimarios de alpaca. Se empleó un diseño factorial 2 x 3 formado por los dos crioprotectores y las tres concentraciones. Se evaluaron los parámetros de viabilidad espermática (SYBR-14/PI) y potencial de membrana mitocondrial (MitoTracker Deep Red FM) mediante citometría de flujo y motilidad pos-descongelación por microscopía de muestras de material espermático de 40 epidídimos. Se encontró un mayor porcentaje de motilidad pos-descongelamiento con DMA (14%) que con DMF (10%) (p=0.001). Además, hubo efecto significativo de la concentración del crioprotector en todos los parámetros evaluados (p

Acinetobacter baumannii is a major cause of illness in hospitalized patients and the most important and common pathogen in nosocomial outbreaks worldwide. In animals, A. baumannii has been associated with respiratory infections in a group of minks, leading to pneumonia and acute mortality. This report documents a case of aspiration bronchopneumonia in a wild European hare caused by A. baumannii. A free-ranging, adult male European hare was submitted to necropsy after acute trauma due to being hit by a car. Its lungs showed consolidation with abscess in the middle and cranial lobes. Histopathologic evaluation revealed liquefactive necrosis associated with neutrophilic infiltration, cellular debris, plant material, and bacterial myriads surrounded by moderate neutrophils, macrophages, multinucleated giant cells, lymphocytes, and plasma cell inflammation. Acinetobacter baumannii was isolated from lung tissue.

Bok choy (Brassica rapa L) is a vegetable group of Brassicaceae which still a family with Chinese vegetables. It contains phytochemical substances such as carotenoids, β-carotene, and glucosinolates which are a source of antioxidant. Bok choy can be processed into juice. The purpose of this research is to determine the content of the antioxidant activity, fiber, acidity (pH) and population of lactic acid bacteria in each formulation. The other ingredients added in making this green juice are yogurt and honey made into 5 formulations. The analysis of this research was the analysis of antioxidant activity content using DPPH method (2.2, -diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl), crude fiber contents analysis using gravimetric method, pH analysis using pH meter and analysis of lactic acid bacteria using spread plate method. The result obtained is the highest content of the antioxidant activity was found in formulation 5 consist of 30 g yogurt, 15 g honey and 50 g bok choy with 35,198 ± 0,057%. The content of crude fiber ranged from (0,447 ± 0,046) g to (0,507 ± 0,058) g. The highest of acidity (pH) is in formulation 1 which consists of 10 g of yogurt, 15 g of honey and 50 g of bok choy at 5,50 ± 0,040. The highest population content of lactic acid bacteria in formulation 5 consists of 30 g yogurt, 15 g honey and 50 g bok choy at 2,8 x 106cfu/mL. Therefore, green juice can be used as functional drinks.

The identification system of spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) was established in alpaca using the molecular expression as well as the reactivity pattern to Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA) by flow cytometry. Twenty-four testicles with their epididymis were recovered from adult alpacas at the slaughterhouse of Huancavelica-Peru. Samples were transported to the Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology at Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Testes were selected for our study when the progressive motility of epididymal spermatozoa (ESPM) was above 30%. Isolation of SSC was performed with two enzymatic digestions. Finally, sperm viability was evaluated by means of the trypan blue vital stain in spermatogonial round cells. Samples with more than 80% viability were selected. Isolated cells cultured for 2 days were used for identifying the presence of SSCs by the expression of integrin beta1 (116 bp) and PLZF (206 bp) genes. Spermatogonia were classified according to the DBA reactivity. Spermatogonia with a strong positive to DBA (sDBA(+) ) were classified as SSC (Mean +/- SEM=4.44 +/- 0.68%). Spermatogonia in early differentiation stages stained weakly positive with DBA (wDBA(+) ) (Mean +/- SEM=37.44 +/- 3.07%) and differentiated round cells as DBA negative (Mean +/- SEM=54.12 +/- 3.18%). With the use of molecular and DBA markers, it is possible to identify easily the spermatogonial stem cells in alpaca.

Pembentukan komite audit merupakan salah satu implementasi dari penerapan GCG. Komite Audit dibentuk oleh dewan komisris yang bertugas untuk membantu dewan komisaris dalam mengawasi proses pelaporan keuangan perusahaan. Dengan hadirnya komite audit diharapkan tidak terjadi kecurangan, karena komite audit akan dapat menengahi konflik kepentingan kedua belah pihak sehingga dapat meningkatkan kualitas laporan keuangan serta mempercepat proses audit oleh pihak eksternal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh independensi, keanggotaan, kompetensi, dan gender komite audit terhadap Audit Delay. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2014-2016. Sampel penelitian yang diperoleh sebanyak 90 perusahaan dengan metode purposive sampling. Teknik analisisi data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi berganda. Hasil analisis menemukan bahwa keanggotaan komite audit berpengaruh negatif terhadap audit idelay, sedangkan independensi, kompetensi, dan gender komite audit tidak berpengaruh terhadap audit delay. Kata kunci: independensi, keanggotaan, kompetensi, gender, audit delay

El desorden linfoproliferativo post-trasplante (DLPT) es una complicación poco común de los trasplantes de órganos sólidos y alogénicos de médula ósea, asociadas al empleo de inmunosupresores. La presentación en la glándula lacrimal es rara. Reportamos el caso de una paciente mujer de 27 años sometida a trasplante renal que recibió tratamiento inmunosupresor (tacrolimus, micofenolato de mofetilo y everolimus); presentó un tumor en ángulo supero-externo de la órbita izquierda, en relación con la glándula lacrimal de acuerdo a la tomografía de órbita. Se realizó resección quirúrgica del tumor. El informe de anatomía patológica fue de hiperplasia plasmocítica. Posteriormente presentó tumor en ambas órbitas. Se indicó rituximab, con remisión total del tumor que se confirma con estudio de tomografía de órbitas. Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is an uncommon complications of solid organs and allogeneic bone marrow transplants associated with the use of immunosuppressive agents. The presentation in the lacrimal gland is rare. We report the case of a 27 year old female patient undergoing renal transplantation receiving immunosuppressive treatment (tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil and everolimus); she presents a supero-external angle tumor of the left orbit, in relation to the lacrimal gland according to the orbit tomography. Surgical resection of the tumor was performed, the pathology report was: plasmocytic hyperplasia. Later it presents tumor in both orbits, it is indicated rituximab, with total remission of the tumor that is confirmed with tomography study of orbits.