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Warmer temperatures and smaller-than-present ice sheets generally characterize interglacials. Determining the rates and geographic variability of relative sea-level (RSL) change during these periods provides insights into the future of the coastlines under warmer climatic conditions. Since the early 1940s, RSL studies along the southwestern Atlantic Coasts confirm the presence of several Last Interglacial (LIG, ~128-116 ka) and Holocene (HOL, 11 ka – to present) sea-level indicators. We use WALIS and HOLSEA templates to standardize and evaluate the quality and uncertainties of these published sea-level records. Our preliminary review produced more than 1000 standardized data points (55 LIG and 1177 HOL); more than 300 inconclusive data were rejected after being examined by quality control. Our data indicate that during the LIG, the paleo sea-level values range from ~5.6 to 20 m above sea level (a.s.l.) in the continental sector and from ~2 to 10 m a.s.l. in the Caribbean islands. Regarding the Holocene data, several sites show a mid-Holocene maximum transgression, with RSL rising 2-4 m above its present level, with a subsequent fall to its current position. This trend seems to be predominantly driven by glacial-isostatic adjustment processes. From our review, we identify that the coasts of Brazil, French Guiana, Suriname, Guyana, and Venezuela would benefit from a renewed study of Quaternary sea-level indicators. We also highlight that elevation measurements, sea-level interpretations, as well as chronological control at several locations may be improved by future research. This poster will be presented at GLOMAR/MARUM PhD Days 2023. Ph.D.

Poster on sea level changes during MIS 5e in a profile from Brazil to Honduras

This is a presentation that was given in Spanish on the ongoing research about paleo sea-level changes in the southwest Atlantic. The talk took place on Wednesday 27th April at the Instituto Paleotológico de Geología y Paleotología in Puerto Madryn, Argentina. As part of the series of lectures organized by the same institute. The talk was attended by about 20 people.

Here, we present the preliminary results of a standardized review of Last Interglacial, and Holocene RSL data along the Argetinian coast, as well as preliminary observations of two field campaigns in the same region. The poster was presented during the Marum Retreat, a meeting organized by the Center for Marine Environmental Sciences of the University of Bremen, which was attended by more than 40 people.

Here, we present the preliminary results of a standardized review of Last Interglacial, and Holocene RSL data along the Argetinian coast, as well as preliminary observations of two field campaigns in the same region. The poster was presented during the Marum Retreat (31 st of May, and 1st of June), a meeting organized by the Center for Marine Environmental Sciences of the University of Bremen, which was attended by more than 40 people.

Lake and marine sediments are used to explore past changes in climate and environment. Inferences about the past rely on analyses of physical, chemical and biological indicators such as mineral composition, element chemistry, stable isotopes in carbonates and organic matter, biomarkers, remains of algae (e.g. diatoms) and higher plants (pollen and macrofossils), as well as those of invertebrates such as cladocerans, foraminiferans, ostracodes and molluscs. We used sedimented mollusc remains (gastropods and bivalves) and geochemical data to infer Late Holocene environmental conditions in four aquatic ecosystems (fresh, brackish, marine) in the Neotropics. Study sites included Lake Nahá (Chiapas, Mexico), coastal Ría Lagartos Lagoon (Yucatán, Mexico), islands Belmonte (São Pedro and São Paulo archipelago, Brazil), and coastal Ilha do Mel (Paranaguá, Brazil). Short sediment cores were collected from Lake Nahá (60 cm) and Ría Lagartos Lagoon (25 cm), whereas multiple coastal surface deposits were retrieved from the Brazilian island sites. Core depth-age relationships were established using 210Pb and 137Cs, whereas age determination for the island samples was accomplished by radiocarbon dating. Molluscs in the four records were identified to species level and enumerated. The freshwater gastropod community in Lake Nahá was sensitive to changes in water level and trophic state, whereas the malacological assemblages in the coastal lagoon record show they responded to climate events such as hurricanes and recent human impacts (e.g. highway construction). Vermetid snails from the islands are indicators of past sea level changes. This study revealed differential responses of mollusc communities to climate and environmental change across distinct aquatic ecosystems in the Neotropics, but nevertheless illustrates their potential as reliable paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental indicators. Poster presented at World Congress of Malacology 2022

Relative sea-level (RSL) studies along the southwestern Atlantic coasts confirm the presence of several Holocene sea-level index points in the facies of beach ridges, marine terraces, beach, lagoon and estuarine deposits, fixed biological indicators. Here, we present a standardized database of Holocene sea-level index points for this region, compiled using the HOLSEA template. We reviewed published data for the countries of Argentina, Uruguay, and Brazil. Our preliminary review produced 800 standardized datapoints and more than 1000 re-calibrated radiocarbon dates, providing an almost continuous south-to-north transect of sea-level data along the southwestern Atlantic. Our data compilation highlights that several sites show a mid-Holocene maximum transgression, with RSL rising 2-4m above its present level, with a subsequent fall to its modern position. This trend seems to be predominantly driven by glacio-isostatic processes. However, we also highlight that elevation measurements, sea-level interpretations, as well as the chronological control at several locations may be improved by future research. Poster presented at the conference PALSEA 2022

Determinate the rates and geographic variability of Relative sea-level (RSL) change during the Holocene provides insights about the future of the coastlines under warmer climatic conditions. Since the early 1940s, RSL studies along the Southwestern Atlantic Coasts confirm the presence of several Holocene sea-level indicators. We use the HOLSEA template to standardize and evaluate the quality and uncertainties of these published sea-level records from the countries of Argentina, Uruguay, and Brazil. Our preliminary review produced 553 standardized datapoints (261 index points and 292 limiting data), and around 117 inconclusive data were considered as rejected after being examined by quality control. Our data indicates that several sites show a mid-Holocene maximum transgression, with RSL rising 2-4m above its present level, with a subsequent fall to its modern position. This trend seems to be predominantly driven by glacio-isostatic adjustment processes. We also highlight that elevation measurements, sea-level interpretations, as well as the chronological control at several locations may be improved by future research.

Poster with data from the literature review of Last Interglacial sea level indicators, a profile from Brazil to Honduras.

The ‘red complex’ is an aggregate of three oral bacteria (Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola) responsible for severe clinical manifestation of periodontal disease. Here, we report the first direct evidence of ancient Tannerella forsythia DNA in dentin and dental calculus samples from archaeological skeletal remains that span from Pre-Hispanic to Colonial period in Mexico. We recovered 12 partial ancient T. forsythia genomes and observed a distinct phylogenetic placement of samples, suggesting that the strains present in Pre-Hispanic individuals likely arrived with the first human migrations to the Americas and that new strains were introduced with the arrival of European and African populations in the sixteenth century. We also identified instances of the differential presence of genes between periods in the T. forsythia ancient genomes, with certain genes present in Pre-Hispanic individuals and absent in Colonial individuals, and vice versa. This study highlights the potential for studying ancient T. forsythia genomes to unveil past social interactions through analysis of disease transmission. Our results illustrate the long-standing relationship between this oral pathogen and its human host, while also unveiling key evidence to understand its evolutionary history in Pre-Hispanic and Colonial Mexico.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Insights into health and disease from ancient biomolecules'.

We use the World Atlas of Last Interglacial Shorelines (WALIS) database to standardize and evaluate the quality of the sea-level record and its uncertainties. Using WALIS, we reviewed published data for the countries of Brazil, French Guiana, Surinam, Guyana, Venezuela, Colombia, as well as the islands Bonaire, Curaçao and Aruba, documenting and standardizing both geological and chronological information. While not all the reviewed papers fulfilled the database standards (e.g. missing or unclear information), the review allowed us to estimate the current state-of-the-art. Sea-level indicators are well preserved in the Southern Western Atlantic providing an almost continuous record between the states. Despite this and the relative sea-level indicators variety, there are main gaps related to the accuracy of elevation measurements and the reliability of chronology; uncertainties that hinder our ability to precisely estimate effects causing departures from eustasy. Improve our knowledge of sea-level changes during the LIG is a key to assess the future of the coastlines under warmer climatic conditions.

The ‘red complex’ is an aggregate of three oral bacteria (Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola) responsible for severe clinical manifestation of periodontal disease. Here, we report the first direct evidence of ancient Tannerella forsythia DNA in dentin and dental calculus samples from archaeological skeletal remains that span from Pre-Hispanic to Colonial period in Mexico. We recovered 12 partial ancient T. forsythia genomes and observed a distinct phylogenetic placement of samples, suggesting that the strains present in Pre-Hispanic individuals likely arrived with the first human migrations to the Americas and that new strains were introduced with the arrival of European and African populations in the sixteenth century. We also identified instances of the differential presence of genes between periods in the T. forsythia ancient genomes, with certain genes present in Pre-Hispanic individuals and absent in Colonial individuals, and vice versa. This study highlights the potential for studying ancient T. forsythia genomes to unveil past social interactions through analysis of disease transmission. Our results illustrate the long-standing relationship between this oral pathogen and its human host, while also unveiling key evidence to understand its evolutionary history in Pre-Hispanic and Colonial Mexico.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Insights into health and disease from ancient biomolecules'.

El libro reúne, a través de siete ensayos, el trabajo que Rita Segato ha venido desarrollando en la última década con la finalidad de analizar las olas crecientes de violencia contra las mujeres, y, más específicamente, contra los cuerpos femeninos o feminizados. Que se han dado en distintos puntos del globo, pero que de alguna manera se manifestaron con una gran fuerza y brutalidad en Ciudad Juárez, México.

RationaleAlbuterol, a bronchodilator medication, is the first-line therapy for asthma worldwide. There are significant racial/ethnic differences in albuterol drug response.ObjectivesTo identify genetic variants important for bronchodilator drug response (BDR) in racially diverse children.MethodsWe performed the first whole-genome sequencing pharmacogenetics study from 1,441 children with asthma from the tails of the BDR distribution to identify genetic association with BDR.Measurements and main resultsWe identified population-specific and shared genetic variants associated with BDR, including genome-wide significant (P

Trabajo que tuvo como propósito construir una memoria organizacional de los Reportes de Proyectos de Aplicación Profesional (PAP) a partir de texto no estructurado usando herramientas de minería de texto. El objetivo fue brindar una herramienta a la Coordinación PAP para obtener estadísticas, información de interés, aprendizajes y experiencias plasmadas por los alumnos en sus reportes que ayuden a generar nuevo proyectos, mejorar existentes, facilitar la toma de decisiones, así como llevar un registro de las vinculaciones entre instituciones públicas y/o privadas y el ITESO. Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología

Introducción. La mayoría de infecciones en las UCI son causadas por patógenos ESKAPE, los cuales muestran altas tasas de resistencia a antibióticos mundialmente. Esto aumenta los costos hospitalarios, convirtiéndose en una amenaza para la salud pública. Por esta razón, se plantea la siguiente pregunta de investigación: ¿Cuál es la incidencia de patógenos ESKAPE, su resistencia antimicrobiana y su asociación a dispositivos invasivos durante el primer año de funcionamiento de esta UCI del HNSR? Materiales y Métodos. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, transversal, analítico, incluyendo a todos los pacientes que ingresaron en la UCI de HNSR desde el 1 de enero al 31 de diciembre del año 2014. El análisis estadístico se realizó con SPSS Versión 20, GraphPad Prism 6, y OpenEpi. Resultados. Ingresaron al estudio, 150 casos. La edad promedio fue de 52 ±21 años. El 54% (n=81) fueron casos infecciosos y el 13.3% (n=20) fueron casos ESKAPE. El 46.4% (n=26) de los cultivos positivos fue por patógenos ESKAPE. De estos, Acinetobacter baumannii fue el más frecuentemente aislado (50%). Los antibióticos más frecuentemente prescritos fueron ceftriaxona, imipenem, y vancomicina, con una resistencia de 83%, 56.7%, 11.1% respectivamente. El 86.5%(n=32) de casos con neumonía fue asociado a la utilización de TOT (p=0.0005) y estableció que al colocar TOT se presentan 5.2 veces más casos de neumonía en comparación con los pacientes a los que no se les coloca. El 53% (n=17) de los casos de neumonía y TOT fueron casos ESKAPE. Por otro lado, el 11.5% (n=16) de los casos con STU presentó IVU y el 2.8%(n=4) fue por casos ESKAPE. El promedio de los días de estancia en UCI fue de 7.8 días para los casos, 7.3 días para los casos No ESKAPE y 19.5 días para los casos ESKAPE. Conclusiones. La mayoría de los casos fueron infecciosos. Cerca de la mitad de los cultivos positivos de estos casos se le aisló algún patógenos ESKAPE. Acinetobacter 6 baumannii fue el patógeno ESKAPE más aislado.Los antibióticos más frecuentemente prescritos fueron Ceftriaxona e Imipenem, a pesar que presentaron alta tasa de resistencia bacteriana. El dispositivo invasivo más utilizado fue la STU seguido de CVC y TOT. Los casos ESKAPE presentaron un promedio de días de estancia en UCI 2.6 veces mayor que los casos No ESKAPE y 4 veces mayor que los casos no infecciosos. Tesis presentada para optar al título de Doctorado en Medicina

BackgroundIgE is a key mediator of allergic inflammation, and its levels are frequently increased in patients with allergic disorders.ObjectiveWe sought to identify genetic variants associated with IgE levels in Latinos.MethodsWe performed a genome-wide association study and admixture mapping of total IgE levels in 3334 Latinos from the Genes-environments & Admixture in Latino Americans (GALA II) study. Replication was evaluated in 454 Latinos, 1564 European Americans, and 3187 African Americans from independent studies.ResultsWe confirmed associations of 6 genes identified by means of previous genome-wide association studies and identified a novel genome-wide significant association of a polymorphism in the zinc finger protein 365 gene (ZNF365) with total IgE levels (rs200076616, P= 2.3 × 10(-8)). We next identified 4 admixture mapping peaks (6p21.32-p22.1, 13p22-31, 14q23.2, and 22q13.1) at which local African, European, and/or Native American ancestry was significantly associated with IgE levels. The most significant peak was 6p21.32-p22.1, where Native American ancestry was associated with lower IgE levels (P= 4.95 × 10(-8)). All but 22q13.1 were replicated in an independent sample of Latinos, and 2 of the peaks were replicated in African Americans (6p21.32-p22.1 and 14q23.2). Fine mapping of 6p21.32-p22.1 identified 6 genome-wide significant single nucleotide polymorphisms in Latinos, 2 of which replicated in European Americans. Another single nucleotide polymorphism was peak-wide significant within 14q23.2 in African Americans (rs1741099, P= 3.7 × 10(-6)) and replicated in non-African American samples (P= .011).ConclusionWe confirmed genetic associations at 6 genes and identified novel associations within ZNF365, HLA-DQA1, and 14q23.2. Our results highlight the importance of studying diverse multiethnic populations to uncover novel loci associatedwith total IgE levels.

Atopy varies by ethnicity, even within Latino groups. This variation might be due to environmental, sociocultural, or genetic factors.We sought to examine risk factors for atopy within a nationwide study of US Latino children with and without asthma.Aeroallergen skin test responses were analyzed in 1830 US Latino subjects. Key determinants of atopy included country/region of origin, generation in the United States, acculturation, genetic ancestry, and site to which subjects migrated. Serial multivariate zero-inflated negative binomial regressions stratified by asthma status examined the association of each key determinant variable with the number of positive skin test responses. In addition, the independent effect of each key variable was determined by including all key variables in the final models.In baseline analyses African ancestry was associated with 3 times (95% CI, 1.62-5.57) as many positive skin test responses in asthmatic participants and 3.26 times (95% CI, 1.02-10.39) as many positive skin test responses in control participants. Generation and recruitment site were also associated with atopy in crude models. In final models adjusted for key variables, asthmatic patients of Puerto Rican (exp[β] [95% CI], 1.31 [1.02-1.69]) and mixed (exp[β] [95% CI], 1.27 [1.03-1.56]) ethnicity had a greater probability of positive skin test responses compared with Mexican asthmatic patients. Ancestry associations were abrogated by recruitment site but not region of origin.Puerto Rican ethnicity and mixed origin were associated with degree of atopy within US Latino children with asthma. African ancestry was not associated with degree of atopy after adjusting for recruitment site. Local environment variation, represented by site, was associated with degree of sensitization.

There is great scientific and popular interest in understanding the genetic history of populations in the Americas. We wish to understand when different regions of the continent were inhabited, where settlers came from, and how current inhabitants relate genetically to earlier populations. Recent studies unraveled parts of the genetic history of the continent using genotyping arrays and uniparental markers. The 1000 Genomes Project provides a unique opportunity for improving our understanding of population genetic history by providing over a hundred sequenced low coverage genomes and exomes from Colombian (CLM), Mexican-American (MXL), and Puerto Rican (PUR) populations. Here, we explore the genomic contributions of African, European, and especially Native American ancestry to these populations. Estimated Native American ancestry is 48% in MXL, 25% in CLM, and 13% in PUR. Native American ancestry in PUR is most closely related to populations surrounding the Orinoco River basin, confirming the Southern America ancestry of the Taíno people of the Caribbean. We present new methods to estimate the allele frequencies in the Native American fraction of the populations, and model their distribution using a demographic model for three ancestral Native American populations. These ancestral populations likely split in close succession: the most likely scenario, based on a peopling of the Americas 16 thousand years ago (kya), supports that the MXL Ancestors split 12.2kya, with a subsequent split of the ancestors to CLM and PUR 11.7kya. The model also features effective populations of 62,000 in Mexico, 8,700 in Colombia, and 1,900 in Puerto Rico. Modeling Identity-by-descent (IBD) and ancestry tract length, we show that post-contact populations also differ markedly in their effective sizes and migration patterns, with Puerto Rico showing the smallest effective size and the earlier migration from Europe. Finally, we compare IBD and ancestry assignments to find evidence for relatedness among European founders to the three populations., Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular