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1. Early and Rapid Identification of COVID-19 Patients with Neutralizing Type I Interferon Auto-antibodies

Author: Akbil, Bengisu, Meyer, Tim, Stubbemann, Paula, Thibeault, Charlotte, Staudacher, Olga, Niemeyer, Daniela, Jansen, Jenny, Mühlemann, Barbara, Doehn, Jan, Tabeling, Christoph, Nusshag, Christian, Hirzel, Cédric, Sanchez, David Sökler, Nieters, Alexandra, Lother, Achim, Duerschmied, Daniel, Schallner, Nils, Lieberum, Jan Nikolaus, August, Dietrich, Rieg, Siegbert, Falcone, Valeria, Hengel, Hartmut, Kölsch, Uwe, Unterwalder, Nadine, Hübner, Ralf-Harto, Jones, Terry C, Suttorp, Norbert, Drosten, Christian, Warnatz, Klaus, Spinetti, Thibaud, Schefold, Joerg C, Dörner, Thomas, Sander, Leif Erik, Corman, Victor M, Merle, Uta, Kurth, Florian, von Bernuth, Horst, Meisel, Christian, and Goffinet, Christine
Subjects: Male, SARS-CoV-2, Critical Illness, Immunology, COVID-19, Interferon-alpha, 610 Medicine & health, Antibodies, Neutralizing, Oxygen, Interferon Type I, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Female, Autoantibodies
Abstract: Abstract Purpose Six to 19% of critically ill COVID-19 patients display circulating auto-antibodies against type I interferons (IFN-AABs). Here, we establish a clinically applicable strategy for early identification of IFN-AAB-positive patients for potential subsequent clinical interventions. Methods We analyzed sera of 430 COVID-19 patients from four hospitals for presence of IFN-AABs by ELISA. Binding specificity and neutralizing activity were evaluated via competition assay and virus-infection-based neutralization assay. We defined clinical parameters associated with IFN-AAB positivity. In a subgroup of critically ill patients, we analyzed effects of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) on the levels of IFN-AABs, SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and clinical outcome. Results The prevalence of neutralizing AABs to IFN-α and IFN-ω in COVID-19 patients from all cohorts was 4.2% (18/430), while being undetectable in an uninfected control cohort. Neutralizing IFN-AABs were detectable exclusively in critically affected (max. WHO score 6–8), predominantly male (83%) patients (7.6%, 18/237 for IFN-α-AABs and 4.6%, 11/237 for IFN-ω-AABs in 237 patients with critical COVID-19). IFN-AABs were present early post-symptom onset and at the peak of disease. Fever and oxygen requirement at hospital admission co-presented with neutralizing IFN-AAB positivity. IFN-AABs were associated with lower probability of survival (7.7% versus 80.9% in patients without IFN-AABs). TPE reduced levels of IFN-AABs in three of five patients and may increase survival of IFN-AAB-positive patients compared to those not undergoing TPE. Conclusion IFN-AABs may serve as early biomarker for the development of severe COVID-19. We propose to implement routine screening of hospitalized COVID-19 patients for rapid identification of patients with IFN-AABs who most likely benefit from specific therapies.
Published: 2022

2. A Case of Metastatic Melanoma in a Female Patient with Vitiligo

Author: De La Cruz, Alfredo Bautista, Estanislao Antonio Calixto, Charit Nayelly Chang Cruz, Hamayraky Hernández González, Garcia, Dora Patricia Ortega, Trinidad, Ana Lilia Antonio, Sanchez, David Sandoval, and Navarrete, Jessica Ariatna Carreto
Subjects: melanoma vitiligo neoplasm metastasis
Abstract: Patients with metastatic melanoma occasionally develop de novo hypopigmentation, pathologically indistinguishable from Sutton's nevus and common vitiligo, respectively. The case of a 68-year-old female with vitiligo of 2 years of evolution is documented, presenting a left inguinal mass and a para-aortic lymph node conglomerate. In the left inguinal region, a ganglion with thickened cortex and liquid content was identified. The laboratory results report hemoglobin of 8.30 g/dL, leukocytes 19.12 u/L, albumin 2.2 mg/dl, DHL 1222 Ul/L, alpha-fetoprotein 2 ng/ml, Ca-125 14.30 U/ml, Ca-19.9 8.60 U/ml and carcinoembryonic antigen of 2.14 ng/ml. Upon inspection, hypochromic, bilateral, and symmetrical lesions can be seen on the back of the hands, wrists, scalp, facial region, and neck. Biopsy showing malignant metastatic melanoma is performed. Starting management with Pembrolizumab 1 mg/kg every 21 days. Currently in follow-up and adjuvant treatment. Melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer. The association of malignant melanoma with de novo hypopigmentation has been found, synchronously or following the diagnosis of the tumor. In recent years, it has led to the development of monoclonal antibodies. However, its diagnosis has implications for life prognosis due to high mortality.
Published: 2023
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3. Superconductor-quantum dot hybrid coolers

Author: Hwang, Sun-Yong, Sothmann, Björn, and Sanchez, David
Subjects: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con), Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), FOS: Physical sciences
Abstract: We propose a refrigeration scheme in a mesoscopic superconductor-quantum dot hybrid device. The setup can significantly cool down a normal metal coupled to the device by applying a bias voltage across the system. We demonstrate that the cooling power can be as large as 0.05$\Delta_0^2/h$ where $\Delta_0$ is the absolute value of superconducting order parameter. In contrast to previous proposals, our device operates without any magnetic elements such as ferromagnetic reservoirs or Zeeman splittings. The refrigeration scheme works over a broad parameter range and can be optimized by tuning system parameters such as level position and bias voltage. Our theory self-consistently determines the temperature drop of the normal reservoir in the nonlinear transport regime including electron-electron interactions at the mean field level. Finally, we evaluate the refrigeration performance and find efficiencies as large as half of the Carnot bound for realistic values of the coupling strength., Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures
Published: 2023
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4. Modelling language ideologies for the dynamics of languages in contact

Author: Rosillo-Rodes, Pablo, Miguel, Maxi San, and Sanchez, David
Subjects: Physics - Physics and Society, Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech), FOS: Physical sciences, Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph), Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics
Abstract: In multilingual societies, it is common to encounter different language varieties. Various approaches have been proposed to discuss different mechanisms of language shift. However, current models exploring language shift in languages in contact often overlook the influence of language ideologies. Language ideologies play a crucial role in understanding language usage within a cultural community, encompassing shared beliefs, assumptions, and feelings towards specific language forms. These ideologies shed light on the social perceptions of different language varieties expressed as language attitudes. In this study, we introduce an approach that incorporates language ideologies into a model for contact varieties by considering speaker preferences as a parameter. Our findings highlight the significance of preference in language shift, which can even outweigh the influence of language prestige associated, for example, with a standard variety. Furthermore, we investigate the impact of the degree of interaction between individuals holding opposing preferences on the language shift process. Quite expectedly, our results indicate that when communities with different preferences mix, the coexistence of language varieties becomes less likely. However, variations in the degree of interaction between individuals with contrary preferences notably lead to non-trivial transitions from states of coexistence of varieties to the extinction of a given variety, followed by a return to coexistence, ultimately culminating in the dominance of the previously extinct variety. By studying finite-size effects, we observe that the duration of coexistence states increases exponentially with network size. Ultimately, our work constitutes a quantitative approach to the study of language ideologies in sociolinguistics., Comment: 18 pages, 15 figures
Published: 2023
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5. Early and Rapid Identification of COVID-19 Patients with Neutralizing Type I Interferon Auto-antibodies

Author: Akbil, Bengisu, Meyer, Tim, Stubbemann, Paula, Thibeault, Charlotte, Staudacher, Olga, Niemeyer, Daniela, Jansen, Jenny, Mühlemann, Barbara, Doehn, Jan, Tabeling, Christoph, Nusshag, Christian, Hirzel, Cédric, Sanchez, David Sökler, Nieters, Alexandra, Lother, Achim, Duerschmied, Daniel, Schallner, Nils, Lieberum, Jan Nikolaus, August, Dietrich, Rieg, Siegbert, Falcone, Valeria, Hengel, Hartmut, Kölsch, Uwe, Unterwalder, Nadine, Hübner, Ralf-Harto, Jones, Terry C, Suttorp, Norbert, Drosten, Christian, Warnatz, Klaus, Spinetti, Thibaud, Schefold, Joerg C, Dörner, Thomas, Sander, Leif Erik, Corman, Victor M, Merle, Uta, Pa-COVID Study Group, Kurth, Florian, Von Bernuth, Horst, Meisel, Christian, Goffinet, Christine, Kurth, Florian [0000-0002-3807-473X], Meisel, Christian [0000-0003-0222-991X], Goffinet, Christine [0000-0002-3959-004X], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: Male, Oxygen, SARS-CoV-2, Critical Illness, Interferon Type I, COVID-19, Humans, Interferon-alpha, Female, Type I interferon, Antibodies, Neutralizing, Autoantibodies
Abstract: Funder: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, PURPOSE: Six to 19% of critically ill COVID-19 patients display circulating auto-antibodies against type I interferons (IFN-AABs). Here, we establish a clinically applicable strategy for early identification of IFN-AAB-positive patients for potential subsequent clinical interventions. METHODS: We analyzed sera of 430 COVID-19 patients from four hospitals for presence of IFN-AABs by ELISA. Binding specificity and neutralizing activity were evaluated via competition assay and virus-infection-based neutralization assay. We defined clinical parameters associated with IFN-AAB positivity. In a subgroup of critically ill patients, we analyzed effects of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) on the levels of IFN-AABs, SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and clinical outcome. RESULTS: The prevalence of neutralizing AABs to IFN-α and IFN-ω in COVID-19 patients from all cohorts was 4.2% (18/430), while being undetectable in an uninfected control cohort. Neutralizing IFN-AABs were detectable exclusively in critically affected (max. WHO score 6-8), predominantly male (83%) patients (7.6%, 18/237 for IFN-α-AABs and 4.6%, 11/237 for IFN-ω-AABs in 237 patients with critical COVID-19). IFN-AABs were present early post-symptom onset and at the peak of disease. Fever and oxygen requirement at hospital admission co-presented with neutralizing IFN-AAB positivity. IFN-AABs were associated with lower probability of survival (7.7% versus 80.9% in patients without IFN-AABs). TPE reduced levels of IFN-AABs in three of five patients and may increase survival of IFN-AAB-positive patients compared to those not undergoing TPE. CONCLUSION: IFN-AABs may serve as early biomarker for the development of severe COVID-19. We propose to implement routine screening of hospitalized COVID-19 patients for rapid identification of patients with IFN-AABs who most likely benefit from specific therapies.
Published: 2022
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6. Inversiones térmicas nocturnas con estrato cálido en niveles atmosféricos bajos: : contrastes térmicos significativos en la Demarcación Hidrográfica del Segura (2011-2020)

Author: Espín Sanchez, David
Abstract: The southeast of the Iberian Peninsula (Spain) is characterized by a significant recurrence of nocturnal temperature inversion processes (ITN), mainly due to the large number of clear days throughout the year. The Segura River Basin District (DHS) has an altitude difference of 2100m in 150km with alternating valley areas and orographically complex and rugged areas. This gives rise to marked night-time thermal contrasts, whose vertical thermal differences are 13.0ºC between cold air pools (CAP) and uneven surfaces. Thermal contrasts are analysed through 58 meteorological observatories in the 50 mornings with the highest intensity of thermal inversion in the last years of observation (2011-2020). Furthermore, the characteristics and triggering causes of such processes are analysed through the analysis of variables influencing the distribution of minimum temperatures (wind, relative humidity, ...). In addition, a high-resolution satellite analysis technique is presented, through the elaboration of thermographies (distribution of surface temperatures) by means of the ASTER sensor, which complement, from the spatial point of view, the distribution of minimum temperatures in the early mornings of ITN in some sectors of the study area. Among the most conclusive results, notable thermal differences stand out during stable early mornings (mean differences of 7.1ºC and absolute differences of 13ºC between observatories located at valley bottoms (CAP) and those located at higher altitudes, in orographically rugged areas), recorded under masses warm and dry air at a geopotential level of 850hPa., El sureste de la península ibérica (España) se caracteriza por una importante recurrencia temporal de los procesos de inversión térmica nocturna (ITN), debido principalmente a la gran cantidad de días despejados a lo largo del año. La Demarcación Hidrográfica del Segura (DHS) posee desnivel altitudinal de 2100m en 150km, con alternancia de zonas de valle y espacios orográficamente complejos y accidentados. Ello da lugar a marcados contrastes térmicos nocturnos, cuyas diferencias térmicas verticales se sitúan en 13.0ºC entre zonas de piscinas de aire frío o cold air pools (CAP) y superficies orográficamente accidentadas. Se analizan los contrastes térmicos a través de 58 observatorios meteorológicos en las 50 madrugadas con la mayor intensidad de inversión térmica en los últimos años de observación (2011-2020). Se analiza, además, las características y causas desencadenantes de tales procesos, a través del análisis de variables influyentes en la distribución de temperaturas mínimas (viento, humedad relativa, …). Además, se presenta una técnica de análisis satelital de alta resolución, a través de la elaboración de termografías (distribución de temperaturas superficiales) mediante el sensor ASTER, que vienen a complementar, desde el punto de vista espacial, la distribución de temperaturas mínimas en madrugadas de ITN en algunos sectores del área de estudio. Entre los resultados más concluyentes destacan notables diferencias térmicas durante las madrugadas estables (diferencias medias de 7,1ºC y absolutas de 13ºC entre observatorios situados en fondos de valle (CAP) y aquellos ubicados a mayor altitud, en zonas orográficamente accidentadas), registradas bajo masas de aire templadas y secas a un nivel geopotencial de 850 hPa., O sudeste da península ibérica (Espanha) caracteriza-se por uma importante recorrência temporal de processos noturnos de inversão térmica (ITN), principalmente devido ao grande número de dias de céu limpo ao longo do ano. A região hidrográfica do Rio Segura (DHS) tem uma diferença de altitude de 2100m em 150km, com áreas de vale que alternam com áreas orograficamente complexas e acidentadas. Isto dá origem a contrastes térmicos noturnos marcados, cujas diferenças térmicas verticais são de 13ºC entre áreas de lagos de ar frio ou cold air pools (CAP) e superfícies irregulares. Os contrastes térmicos são analisados através de 58 observatórios meteorológicos nas 50 manhãs com maior intensidade de inversão térmica nos últimos anos de observação (2011-2020). As características e as causas desencadeantes de tais processos são analisadas através da análise de variáveis que influenciam a distribuição das temperaturas mínimas (vento, humidade relativa, ...). Além disso, é apresentada uma técnica de análise de satélite de alta resolução, através da elaboração de termografias (distribuição de temperaturas de superfície) por meio do sensor ASTER, que complementam, do ponto de vista espacial, a distribuição de temperaturas mínimas nas primeiras horas das manhãs de ITN em alguns setores da área de estudo. Entre os resultados mais conclusivos, destacam-se diferenças térmicas notáveis durante madrugadas estáveis (diferenças médias de 7,1ºC e diferenças absolutas de 13ºC entre observatórios localizados em fundos de vales (CAP) e aqueles localizados em altitudes mais elevadas, em áreas orograficamente acidentadas), sob a influência de massas de ar quente e seco a um nível geopotencial de 850hPa.
Published: 2022

7. Inversiones térmicas nocturnas con estrato cálido en niveles atmosféricos bajos

Author: Espín Sanchez, David
Abstract: El sureste de la península ibérica (España) se caracteriza por una importante recurrencia temporal de los procesos de inversión térmica nocturna (ITN), debido principalmente a la gran cantidad de días despejados a lo largo del año. La Demarcación Hidrográfica del Segura (DHS) posee desnivel altitudinal de 2100m en 150km, con alternancia de zonas de valle y espacios orográficamente complejos y accidentados. Ello da lugar a marcados contrastes térmicos nocturnos, cuyas diferencias térmicas verticales se sitúan en 13.0ºC entre zonas de piscinas de aire frío o cold air pools (CAP) y superficies orográficamente accidentadas. Se analizan los contrastes térmicos a través de 58 observatorios meteorológicos en las 50 madrugadas con la mayor intensidad de inversión térmica en los últimos años de observación (2011-2020). Se analiza, además, las características y causas desencadenantes de tales procesos, a través del análisis de variables influyentes en la distribución de temperaturas mínimas (viento, humedad relativa, …). Además, se presenta una técnica de análisis satelital de alta resolución, a través de la elaboración de termografías (distribución de temperaturas superficiales) mediante el sensor ASTER, que vienen a complementar, desde el punto de vista espacial, la distribución de temperaturas mínimas en madrugadas de ITN en algunos sectores del área de estudio. Entre los resultados más concluyentes destacan notables diferencias térmicas durante las madrugadas estables (diferencias medias de 7,1ºC y absolutas de 13ºC entre observatorios situados en fondos de valle (CAP) y aquellos ubicados a mayor altitud, en zonas orográficamente accidentadas), registradas bajo masas de aire templadas y secas a un nivel geopotencial de 850 hPa., Finisterra, Vol. 57 No. 120 (AOP) (2022)
Published: 2022
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8. The furin cleavage site of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is a key determinant for transmission due to enhanced replication in airway cells

Author: Peacock, T, Goldhill, D, Zhou, J, Baillon, L, Frise, R, Swann, O, Kugathasan, R, Penn, R, Brown, J, Sanchez-David, R, Braga, L, Williamson, MK, Hassard, J, Staller, E, Hanley, B, Osborn, M, Giacca, M, Davidson, A, Matthews, D, and Barclay, W
Abstract: SARS-CoV-2 enters cells via its spike glycoprotein which must be cleaved sequentially at the S1/S2, then the S2’ cleavage sites (CS) to mediate membrane fusion. SARS-CoV-2 has a unique polybasic insertion at the S1/S2 CS, which we demonstrate can be cleaved by furin. Using lentiviral pseudotypes and a cell-culture adapted SARS-CoV-2 virus with a S1/S2 deletion, we show that the polybasic insertion is selected for in lung cells and primary human airway epithelial cultures but selected against in Vero E6, a cell line used for passaging SARS-CoV-2. We find this selective advantage depends on expression of the cell surface protease, TMPRSS2, that allows virus entry independent of endosomes thus avoiding antiviral IFITM proteins. SARS-CoV-2 virus lacking the S1/S2 furin CS was shed to lower titres from infected ferrets and was not transmitted to cohoused sentinel animals. Thus, the polybasic CS is a key determinant for efficient SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
Published: 2022

9. Y RNAs are conserved endogenous RIG-I ligands across RNA virus infection and are targeted by HIV-1

Author: Nicolas Vabret, Valérie Najburg, Alexander Solovyov, Ramya Gopal, Christopher McClain, Petr Šulc, Sreekumar Balan, Yannis Rahou, Guillaume Beauclair, Maxime Chazal, Hugo Varet, Rachel Legendre, Odile Sismeiro, Raul Y. Sanchez David, Lise Chauveau, Nolwenn Jouvenet, Martin Markowitz, Sylvie van der Werf, Olivier Schwartz, Frédéric Tangy, Nina Bhardwaj, Benjamin D. Greenbaum, Anastassia V. Komarova, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM), Génomique virale et vaccination, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN - Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses (GMV-ARN (UMR_3569 / U-Pasteur_2)), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Transcriptome et Epigénome (PF2), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Biomics (plateforme technologique), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre de Bioinformatique, Biostatistique et Biologie Intégrative (C3BI), Virus et Immunité - Virus and immunity (CNRS-UMR3569), Rockefeller University [New York], Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy [San Francisco, CA] (PICI), Weill Cornell Medicine [Cornell University], Cornell University [New York], This work was supported by Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le SIDA et les hépatites virales 2012-1 and 2012-2 HIV signature on RIG-I-like receptors to AVK and FT, Agence Nationale pour la Recherche ANR-16-CE15-0025-01 ViroStorm to NJ and GB, Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale FDT20140931129 to RYSD, National Institutes of Health R01CA201189 and R01CA180913 to NB, R01AI081848 to NV, NB, and BDG, U01CA228963 to NV, NB, AS and BDG, R01CA240924 and P30CA008748 to AS and BDG. BDG was supported by a Stand Up To Cancer—National Science Foundation—Lustgarten Foundation Convergence Dream Team Grant sponsored by Stand Up to Cancer, the Lustgarten Foundation, the V Foundation, and the National Science Foundation (NSF 1545935).BDG BDG is The Pershing Square Sohn Prize-Mark Foundation Fellow supported by funding from The Mark Foundation for Cancer Research., and ANR-16-CE15-0025,Viro-Storm,Mécanismes de production incontrôlée de cytokines au cours de l'infection virale(2016)
Subjects: Biological sciences, Multidisciplinary, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Immunology, Transcriptomics
Abstract: International audience; Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) protect against microbial invasion by detecting specific molecular patterns found in pathogens and initiating an immune response. Although microbial-derived PRR ligands have been extensively characterized, the contribution and relevance of endogenous ligands to PRR activation remains overlooked. Here, we characterize the landscape of endogenous ligands that engage RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) upon infection by different RNA viruses. In each infection, several RNAs transcribed by RNA polymerase III (Pol3) specifically engaged RLRs, particularly the family of Y RNAs. Sensing of Y RNAs was dependent on their mimicking of viral secondary structure and their 5′-triphosphate extremity. Further, we found that HIV-1 triggered a VPR-dependent downregulation of RNA triphosphatase DUSP11 in vitro and in vivo, inducing a transcriptome-wide change of cellular RNA 5′-triphosphorylation that licenses Y RNA immunogenicity. Overall, our work uncovers the contribution of endogenous RNAs to antiviral immunity and demonstrates the importance of this pathway in HIV-1 infection.
Published: 2022

10. Consideraciones anestésicas en los pacientes con presencia de puentes intramiocárdicos. The milking Syndrome

Author: Peral Sanchez, David and Porcar Rodado, Elena
Subjects: Puentes miocárdicos, cardiovascular system, Síndrome coronario agudo, General Materials Science, Acute coronary syndrome, Milking, Myocardial briding
Abstract: As intramyocardial bridges are known those segments of the coronary arteries that enter the thickness of the myocardial muscle, instead of passing through the epicardium throughout their way. This fact conditions the compression and dilation of these segments during the cardiac cycle, which, angiographically, is considered a milking phenomenon. Patients are usually asymptomatic and have a good long-term prognosis, although they may present with ischemic events, cardiac arrhythmias and even sudden death, precipitated mainly by episodes of tachycardia or stress. It is usually an incidental finding when performing a coronary angiography, or a multidetector CT, which is the test of choice. Treatment is based on heart rate control by beta-blockers or calcium antagonists, although therapies such as angioplasty or surgery may become necessary. We present the management of a patient with this condition and discuss some interesting aspects from the anesthetic point of view., Lospuentes intramiocárdicos son aquellos segmentos de las arterias coronarias que se introducen en el espesor del músculo miocárdico, en lugar de transcurrir por el epicardio durante todo su trayecto. Este hecho condiciona la compresión y dilatación de estos segmentos durante el ciclo cardíaco, lo que, angiográficamente, se considera fenómeno milking. Los pacientes suelen ser asintomáticos y tener buen pronóstico a largo plazo, aunque pueden presentar eventos isquémicos, arritmias cardíacas e incluso muerte súbita, precipitados sobre todo por episodios de taquicardia o estrés. Suele ser un hallazgo casual al realizar una coronariografía, o un TAC multidetector, que es la prueba de elección. El tratamiento se basa en el control de la frecuencia cardíaca mediante betabloqueantes o calcioantagonistas, aunque pueden llegar a ser necesarias terapias como la angioplastia o la cirugía. Presentamos el manejo de un paciente con esta dolencia y discutimos algunos aspectos interesantes desde el punto de vista anestésico.
Published: 2022
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11. Mammalian antiviral RNAi is on the move

Author: Kristina L Schierhorn, Raul Y Sanchez‐David, and Pierre V Maillard
Subjects: Mammals, General Immunology and Microbiology, General Neuroscience, Antiviral Agents, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Mice, Viruses, Animals, RNA, Viral, RNA Interference, News & Views, RNA, Small Interfering, Molecular Biology, RNA, Double-Stranded
Abstract: Recent work reported the existence of a mammalian cell‐autonomous antiviral defence based on RNA interference (RNAi), which relies on the accumulation of virus‐derived small interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs) to guide the degradation of complementary viral RNAs. In a new study, Zhang et al (2022) find that, in infected mice, vsiRNAs can enter the bloodstream via their incorporation into extracellular vesicles (EVs) and confer sequence‐specific antiviral activity to recipient cells, thus indicating that mammalian antiviral RNAi participates in both cell‐autonomous and non‐cell‐autonomous host defence.
Published: 2022

12. RigoBERTa: A State-of-the-Art Language Model For Spanish

Author: Serrano, Alejandro Vaca, Subies, Guillem Garcia, Zamorano, Helena Montoro, Garcia, Nuria Aldama, Samy, Doaa, Sanchez, David Betancur, Sandoval, Antonio Moreno, Nieto, Marta Guerrero, and Jimenez, Alvaro Barbero
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computation and Language (cs.CL)
Abstract: This paper presents RigoBERTa, a State-of-the-Art Language Model for Spanish. RigoBERTa is trained over a well-curated corpus formed up from different subcorpora with key features. It follows the DeBERTa architecture, which has several advantages over other architectures of similar size as BERT or RoBERTa. RigoBERTa performance is assessed over 13 NLU tasks in comparison with other available Spanish language models, namely, MarIA, BERTIN and BETO. RigoBERTa outperformed the three models in 10 out of the 13 tasks, achieving new "State-of-the-Art" results.
Published: 2022
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13. MAGIC and H.E.S.S. detect VHE gamma rays from the blazar OT081 for the first time: a deep multiwavelength study

Author: MAGIC Collaboration, H.E.S.S. Collaboration, Fermi-LAT Collaboration, Manganaro, Marina, Seglar-Arroyo, Monica, Becerra González, Josefa, Sanchez, David, Cerruti, Matteo, Tavecchio, Fabrizio, Fallah-Ramazani, Vandad, Esteban-Gutierrez, A., Agudo, Ivan, Ciprini, Stefano, Filippenko, Alexei V., Hovatta, Talvikki, Jermak, Helen, Jorstad, Svetlana G., Kopatskaya, Evgenia N., Lähteenmäki, Anne, Larionov, Valeri M., Larionova, L.V., Marscher, Alan, Morozova, D.A., Pahljina, M., Tornikoski, M., Troitskaya, Y.V., Troitsky, I., Verrecchia, Francesco, Weaver, Z.R., Xiao, H.B., Zheng, W., Arbet Engels, Axel, and Biland, Adrian
Subjects: Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: OT 081 is a luminous blazar well known for its variability in many energy bands. The very-high-energy (VHE; E >100 GeV) gamma-ray emission from the source was discovered by MAGIC and H.E.S.S. during flaring activity in July 2016, after a trigger from the Large Area Telescope (LAT) onboard the Fermi satellite. By analysing the multiwavelength light curves andthe broadband spectral energy distribution (SED), we study the activity of the source and investigate four individual states of activity in the window from MJD 57575 to 57602. The intrinsic gamma-ray spectrum can be described by a power law with spectral indices of 3.27 ± 0.44(MAGIC)and 3.39 ± 0.58(H.E.S.S.) over energy ranges 60–300 GeV and 120–500 GeV, respectively. The combined contemporaneous high-energy (HE;E >100 MeV) through VHE SED shows curvatureand can be described by a log-parabola shape. A simple one-zone synchrotron self-Compton (SSC)model is not sufficient to describe the broadband SED. The presence of broad emission lines in the optical spectrum of the source challenges the categorisation of OT 081 as a BL Lac and, together with the emission scenarios tested, points to the possibility that the source is transitional in nature between a BL Lac and a flat-spectrum radio quasar., PoS: Proceedings of Science, 395, ISSN:1824-8039, 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2021)
Published: 2022

14. Implementación de estrategias de frontera en edición genómica para el estudio de la fisiología de Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Author: Alejandre-Sixtos, Jesús E. and Zamorano-Sanchez, David
Published: 2022
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15. El Partido Liberal colombiano: de la hegemonía a la decadencia

Author: Sanchez David, Ruben
Subjects: Congreso de la República de Colombia, División electoral, Gobierno del Presidente Iván Duque Márquez, Ciencia política, Partidos latinoamericanos, Elecciones presidenciales
Abstract: El Partido Liberal ha ocupado una posición importante en el funcionamiento del sistema político colombiano. Fue el partido de gobierno durante muchos años hasta el ascenso del uribismo, y tiene una amplia presencia en los gobiernos municipales y departamentales. Sin embargo, diversos síntomas ponen de manifiesto su deterioro en el sistema de partidos. Al igual que la mayoría de los partidos latinoamericanos, el Partido Liberal está huérfano de un discurso convincente que evite equívocos sobre la posición ideológica que representa. Si bien conserva una amplia representación en el Congreso de la República, no ha dejado de perder votos gracias al camino de la irrelevancia.
Published: 2021

16. Unlocking the therapeutic potential of antiviral RNAi

Author: Pierre V. Maillard and Raul Y. Sanchez-David
Subjects: animal diseases, fungi, Immunology, Antiviral therapy, Biology, Virology, Antiviral Agents, Antiviral immunity, Infectious Diseases, Immunity, RNA interference, Immunology and Allergy, Animals, RNA Interference
Abstract: RNA interference (RNAi) provides antiviral defense in many organisms, including plants, insects, and nematodes. In this issue of Immunity, Fang et al. (2021) utilize designer peptides targeting viral suppressors of RNAi to provide evidence for the relevance of RNAi to antiviral immunity in mammals, also revealing the potential of this approach toward antiviral therapy.
Published: 2021

17. Edificio Dama, estudio y seguimiento del proyecto

Author: Cervera Sanchez, David
Subjects: Proyectos de arquitectura, Architecture, Design and plans, CONSTRUCCIONES ARQUITECTONICAS, Viviendas, Habitatges, Quality control, Pressupostos, Dwellings, Seguretat en el treball, Control de qualitat, Projectes d'arquitectura, Seguridad en el trabajo, Control de calidad, Estimates, Industrial safety, Presupuestos, Grado en Arquitectura Técnica-Grau en Arquitectura Tècnica
Abstract: [ES] El objeto de este Trabajo Final de Grado, una vez superadas todas las asignaturas del grado de Arquitectura Técnica, es la realización de la última etapa de formación del alumno para la obtención del título universitario. El Trabajo Final de Grado se realiza en el año 2020/21 mediante la modalidad de convenio entre empresa y la Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, realizando las prácticas extracurriculares en una empresa constructora, las cuales se realizan durante la ejecución de una obra de construcción y analizando varios aspectos sobre el proyecto y el seguimiento del proyecto, durante la realización de las prácticas el alumno toma contacto de las diversas labores que debe realizar el arquitecto técnico, tanto en el trabajo a pie de obra como en la oficina de obra, poniendo en práctica lo aprendido durante la realización de la carrera universitaria. La empresa donde se realizan las prácticas es la constructora Avanza Urbana, realizando el seguimiento de la ejecución de una obra en construcción. La obra donde se realizan las prácticas del convenio y sobre la que realiza este TFG es el edificio Dama, situado en València en la calle Serratella, en el barrio de Benicalap, localizado en el norte del centro urbano de la ciudad, es un edificio de uso residencial, de obra nueva y promoción privada, consta de 30 viviendas espacios comunes y aparcamientos, distribuido en p. sótano, p. baja y 4 plantas más ático., [CA] L'objecte d'aquest Treball Final de Grau, una vegada superades totes les assignatures del grau d'Arquitectura Tècnica, és la realització de l'última etapa de formació de l'alumne per a l'obtenció del títol universitari. El Treball Final de Grau es realitza l'any 2020/21 mitjançant la modalitat de conveni entre empresa i la Universitat Politècnica de València, realitzant les pràctiques extracurriculars en una empresa constructora, les quals es realitzen durant l'execució d'una obra de construcció i analitzant diversos aspectes sobre el projecte i el seguiment del projecte, durant la realització de les pràctiques l'alumne pren contacte de les diverses labors que ha de realitzar l'arquitecte tècnic, tant en el treball a peu d'obra com en l'oficina d'obra, ficant en pràctica l'aprés durant la realització de la carrera universitària. L'empresa on es realitzen les pràctiques és la constructora Avanza Urbana, realitzant el seguiment de l'execució d'una obra en construcció. L'obra on es realitzen les pràctiques del conveni i sobre la que realitza aquest TFG és l'edifici Dama, situat a València al carrer Serratella, en el barri de Benicalap, localitzat en el nord del centre urbà de la ciutat, és un edifici d'ús residencial, d'obra nova i promoció privada, consta de 30 vivendes espais comuns i aparcaments, distribuït en p. soterrani, p. baixa i 4 plantes més àtic., [EN] The object The purpose of this Final Degree Project, once all the subjects of the Degree in Technical Architecture have been passed, is to complete the last stage of the student's training in order to obtain the university degree. The Final Degree Project is carried out in the year 2020/21 by means of an agreement between the company and the Polytechnic University of Valencia, carrying out extracurricular work experience in a construction company, which is carried out during the execution of a construction project and analysing various aspects of the project and the monitoring of the project. During the work experience, the student makes contact with the various tasks that the technical architect must carry out, both in the work on site and in the construction office, putting into practice what they have learned during their university studies. The company where the internship is carried out is the construction company Avanza Urbana, monitoring the execution of a construction project. The work where the practices of the agreement and on which this TFG is carried out is the Dama building, located in Valencia in Serratella street, in the district of Benicalap, located in the north of the urban centre of the city, is a residential building, new construction and private promotion, consists of 30 homes, common spaces and parking, distributed in basement, ground floor and 4 floors plus attic.
Published: 2021

18. Analysis of the Cherenkov Telescope Array first Large-Sized Telescope real data using convolutional neural networks

Author: Vuillaume, Thomas, Jacquemont, Mikaël, de Lavergne, Mathieu de Bony, Sanchez, David A., Poireau, Vincent, Maurin, Gilles, Benoit, Alexandre, Lambert, Patrick, Lamanna, Giovanni, Project, CTA-LST, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), CTA-LST, and HEP, INSPIRE
Subjects: Cherenkov Telescope Array, showers: atmosphere, neural network, background, photon: primary, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, imaging, parametrization, Cherenkov counter: atmosphere, sensitivity, radiation: Cherenkov, observatory, energy: threshold, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], gamma ray, network, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Monte Carlo
Abstract: The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is the future ground-based gamma-ray observatory and will be composed of two arrays of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs) located in the Northern and Southern hemispheres respectively. The first CTA prototype telescope built on-site, the Large-Sized Telescope (LST-1), is under commissioning in La Palma and has already taken data on numerous known sources. IACTs detect the faint flash of Cherenkov light indirectly produced after a very energetic gamma-ray photon has interacted with the atmosphere and generated an atmospheric shower. Reconstruction of the characteristics of the primary photons is usually done using a parameterization up to the third order of the light distribution of the images. In order to go beyond this classical method, new approaches are being developed using state-of-the-art methods based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) to reconstruct the properties of each event (incoming direction, energy and particle type) directly from the telescope images. While promising, these methods are notoriously difficult to apply to real data due to differences (such as different levels of night sky background) between Monte Carlo (MC) data used to train the network and real data. The GammaLearn project, based on these CNN approaches, has already shown an increase in sensitivity on MC simulations for LST-1 as well as a lower energy threshold. This work applies the GammaLearn network to real data acquired by LST-1 and compares the results to the classical approach that uses random forests trained on extracted image parameters. The improvements on the background rejection, event direction, and energy reconstruction are discussed in this contribution., accepted as a talk at ICRC 2021
Published: 2021

19. Revisiting the PeVatron candidate MGRO J1908+06 with an updated H.E.S.S. analysis

Author: Abdalla, Hassan, Aharonian, Felix, Barbosa Martins, Victor, Lohse, Thomas, Luashvili, Anna, Lypova, Iryna, Mackey, Jonathan, Majumdar, Jhilik, Malyshev, Denys, MALYSHEV, Dmitry, Marandon, Vincent, Marchegiani, Paolo, Marcowith, Alexandre, Barnacka, Anna, Mares, Arnaud, Marti'i-Devesa, Guillem, Marx, Ramin, Maurin, Gilles, Meintjes, Pieter, Meyer, Manuel, Moderski, Rafal, Mohrmann, Lars, de Ona Wilhelmi, E., Joshi, Vikas, Barnard, Monica, Mitchell, Alison, Montanari, Alessandro, Moore, Chris, Morris, Paul, Moulin, Emmanuel, Muller, Jacques, Murach, Thomas, Nakashima, Kaori, Naurois , Mathieu, Nayerhoda, Amid, Batzofin, Rowan, Ndiyavala, Hambeleleni, Niemiec, Jacek, Noel, Angel, O'Brien, Paul, Oberholzer, Laenita Lorraine, Ohm, Stefan, Khelifi, Bruno, Giunti, Luca, Olivera-Nieto, Laura, de Ona Wilhelmi, Emma Maria, Becherini, Yvonne, Ostrowski, Michal, Panny, Sebastian, Panter, Michael, Parsons, Dan, Peron, Giada, Pita, Santiago, Poireau, Vincent, Prokhorov, Dmitry, Prokoph, Heike, PUEHLHOFER, Gerd, Berge, David, Punch, Michael, Quirrenbach, Andreas, Reichherzer, Patrick, Reimer, Anita, Reimer, Olaf, Remy, Quentin, Renaud, Matthieu, Reville, Brian, Rieger, Frank, Romoli, Carlo, Bernloehr, Konrad, Rowell, Gavin, Rudak, Bronislaw, Rueda Ricarte, Hector, Ruiz Velasco, Edna, Sahakian, Vardan, Sailer, Simon, Salzmann, Heiko, Sanchez, David, Santangelo, Andrea, Sasaki, Manami, Bi, Baiyang, Schaefer, Johannes, Schutte, Hester, Schwanke, Ullrich, Schüssler, Fabian, Senniappan, Mohanraj, Seyffert, Albert, Shapopi, Jimmy N. S., Shiningayamwe, Kleopas, Simoni, Rachel, Sinha, Atreyee, Boettcher, Markus, Sol, Helene, Spackman, Hugh, Specovius, Andreas, Spencer, Samuel Timothy, Spir-Jacob, Marion, Stawarz, Lukasz, Steenkamp, Riaan, Stegmann, Christian, Steinmassl, Simon, Steppa, Constantin, Boisson, Catherine, Sun, Lei, Takahashi, Tadayuki, Tanaka, Takaaki, Tavernier, Thomas, Taylor, Andrew, Terrier, Regis, Thiersen, Hannes, Thorpe-Morgan, Charles, Tluczykont, Martin, Tomankova, Lenka, Ait-Benkhali, Faical, Bolmont, Julien, Tsirou, Michelle, Tsuji, Naomi, Tuffs, Richard, Uchiyama, Yasunobu, van der Walt, Johann, van Eldik, Christopher, van Rensburg, Carlo, van Soelen, Brian, Vasileiadis, George, Veh, Johannes, Bony , Mathieu, Venter, Christo, Vincent, Pascal, Vink, Jacco, Völk, Heinrich J., Wagner, Stefan, Watson, Jason John, Werner, Felix, White, Richard, Wierzcholska, Alicja, Wong, Yu Wun, Breuhaus, Mischa, Yassin, Hend, Yusafzai, Anke, Zacharias, Michael, Zanin, Roberta, Zargaryan, Davit, Zdziarski, Andrzej, Zech, Andreas, Zhu, Sylvia Jiechen, Zmija, Andreas, Zouari, Samuel, Brose, Robert, Zywucka, Natalia, H. E. S. S. Collaboration, Brun, Francois, Bulik, Tomasz, Bylund, Thomas, Cangemi, Floriane, Caroff, Sami, Casanova, Sabrina, Anguener, Oguzhan, Catalano, Jaqueline, Chambery, Pauline, Chand, Tej Bahadur, Chen, Andrew, Cotter, Garret, Curlo, Malgorzata, Dalgleish, Hannah, Mbarubucyeye, Jean Damascene, Davids, Isak Delberth, Davies, James, Arcaro, Cornelia, Devin, Justine, Djannati-Ataï, Arache, Dmytriiev, Anton, Donath, Axel, Doroshenko, Victor, Dreyer, Lente, Du Plessis, Louis, Duffy, Connor, Egberts, Kathrin, Einecke, Sabrina, Armand, Celine, ERNENWEIN, Jean-Pierre, Fegan, Steven, Feijen, Kirsty, Fiasson, Armand, Fichet de Clairfontaine, Gaëtan, Fontaine, Gerard, Frans, Lott, Füssling, Matthias, Funk, Stefan, Gabici, Stefano, Armstrong, Tom, Gallant, Yves, Giavitto, Gianluca, Glawion, Dorit, Glicenstein, Jean-Francois, Grondin, Marie-Hélène, Hattingh, Sumari, Haupt, Maria, HERMANN, German, Hinton, Jim, Hofmann, Werner, Ashkar, Halim, Hoischen, Clemens, Holch, Tim Lukas, Holler, Markus, Horns, Dieter, Huang, Zhiqiu, Huber, David, Hörbe, Mario, Jamrozy, Marek, Jankowsky, Felix, JUNG, Ira, Backes, Michael, Kasai, Eli, Katarzynski, Krzysztof, Katz, Ulì, Khangulyan, Dmitry, Klepser, Stefan, Kluzniak, Wlodek, Komin, Nukri, Konno, Ruslan, Kosack, Karl, Kostiunin, Dmitriy, Baghmanyan, Vardan, Kreter, Michael, Kukec Mezek, Gašper, Kundu, Anu, Lamanna, Giovanni, Le Stum, Sébastien, Lemiere, Anne, Lemoine-Goumard, Marianne, Lenain, Jean-Philippe, Leuschner, Fabian, Levy, Christelle, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), H.E.S.S., Naurois , Mathieu, Bony , Mathieu, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Photon, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, emission [photon], Acceleration, Pulsar, photon: emission, emission [gamma ray], Angular resolution, ddc:530, galaxy [gamma ray], Supernova remnant, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), gamma ray: galaxy, energy: high, cosmic radiation: propagation, Molecular cloud, gamma ray: emission, 13. Climate action, cosmic radiation: galaxy, Milagro, HESS - Abteilung Hinton, high [energy], galaxy [cosmic radiation], propagation [cosmic radiation], Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2021, Berlin, Germany - Online, 12 Jul 2021 - 23 Jul 2021; Proceedings of Science / International School for Advanced Studies (ICRC2021), 779 (2021). doi:10.22323/1.395.0779, Detecting and studying galactic gamma-ray sources emitting very-high energy photons sheds light on the acceleration and propagation of cosmic rays presumably created in these sources. Currently, there are few sources emitting photons with energies exceeding 100 TeV. In this work we revisit the unidentified source MGRO J1908+06, initially detected by Milagro, using an updated H.E.S.S. dataset and analysis pipeline. The vicinity of the source contains a supernova remnant and pulsars as well as molecular clouds. This makes the identification of the primary source(s) of galactic cosmic rays as well as the nature of the gamma-ray emission challenging, especially in light of the recent HAWC and LHAASO detection of the high energy tail of its spectrum. Exploiting the better angular resolution as compared to particle detectors, we investigate the morphology of the source as well as its spectral properties., Published by SISSA, Trieste
Published: 2021
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20. Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Author: Nepogodiev, Dmitri, Bhangu, Aneel, Glasbey, James C, Li, Elizabeth, Omar, Omar M, Simoes, Joana FF, Abbott, Tom EF, Alser, Osaid, Arnaud, Alexis P, Bankhead-Kendall, Brittany K, Breen, Kerry A, Cunha, Miguel F, Davidson, Giana H, Di Saverio, Salomone, Gallo, Gaetano, Griffiths, Ewen A, Gujjuri, Rohan R, Hutchinson, Peter J, Kaafarani, Haytham MA, Lederhuber, Hans, Löffler, Markus W, Mashbari, Hassan N, Minaya-Bravo, Ana, Morton, Dion G, Moszkowicz, David, Pata, Francesco, Tsoulfas, George, Venn, Mary L, Cox, Daniel, Roslani, April C, Alakaloko, Felix, de Vries, Jean-Paul PM, Aaraj, Mahmoud A, Abbott, Sarah J, Abdalla, Mutwakil OM, Abdelaal, Ahmed S, Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O, Aherne, Thomas M, Ali, Osman M, Alkadeeki, Ghadah Z, Almeida, Ana C, Alrahawy, Mahmoud M, Ambler, Graeme K, Alameer, Ehab, Andreani, Stefano M, De Andrés-Asenjo, Beatriz, Antonanzas, Leyre Lopez, Aoun, Salah G, Ashoush, Fouad M, Augestad, Knut Magne, Avellana, Rocio B, Ayeni, Funbi A, Ayorinde, John OO, Babu, Bheemanakone H, Baig, Mirza MAS, Bajomo, Oreoluwa M, Baker, Olivia J, Baker, Markus P, Baldwin, Alexander J, Ban, Vin Shen, Baron, Ryan D, Barranquero, Alberto G, Barry, Conor P, DI Bartolomeo, Alessandro, Bass, Gary A, Bath, Michael F, Batjer, H Hunt, Beamish, Andrew J, Belgaumkar, Ajay P, Bence, Matthew N, Benson, Ruth A, Bernal-Sprekelsen, Juan Carlos, Bhama, Anuradha R, Bhavaraju, Avi V, Biffl, Walter L, Blundell, Chris M, Boddy, Alexander P, Borgstein, Alexander BJ, Bosanquet, David C, Bosch, Karen D, Bouhuwaish, Ahmad EM, Bozkurt, Mehmet A, Brathwaite, Collin EM, Brown, Benjamin C, Brown, Oliver D, Brown, Allison K, Buarque, Igor Lima, Bueno-Cañones, Alejandro D, Bulugma, Mustafa R, Burke, Joshua R, Byrne, Matthew HV, Cagigal-Ortega, Elima P, Callcut, Rachael A, DI Candido, Francesca, Canova, Michaela E, Carlos, William J, Caruana, Edward J, Cato, Liam D, Catton, Andrew B, Ceretti, Andrea Pisani, Chase, Thomas JG, Chiara, Francesco Di, Chowdhury, Abeed H, Chung, Eric A, Cicerchia, Pierfranco M, Clough, Ethan CS, Coleman, Natasha L, Collins, Chris G, Collins, Michelle L, Colonna, Emily T, Comini, Lara V, Coughlin, Patrick A, Cruzado, Laura Fernández-Gomez, Davidson, Brian R, Davies, Richard J, Davies, Emma J, Davis, Niall F, Dawson, Brett E, Dean, Benjamin JF, Delgado, Maria Garcia-Conde, Diaz, Jose J, Dickson, Kathryn E, Diez-Alonso, Manuel M, Dixon, Jan R, Doe, Matthew J, Drake, Thomas D, Drake, Frederick T, Duffy, John P, Dunne, Declan FJ, Dunne, Naomi JM, Durán-Muñoz-Cruzado, Virginia M, Durst, Alexander ZE, Eardley, Nicola J, Edwards, John G, Elfallal, Ahmed H, Elfiky, Mahmoud MA, Elliott, Jessie A, Emile, Sameh H, Emslie, Katy M, Endorf, Frederick W, Engel, Jamie L, Enjuto, Diego T, Etchill, Eric W, Evans, Jonathan P, Fahey, Brian A, Faria, Carlos S, Feo, Carlo V, Ferguson, Henry JM, Fernandez, Beatriz Dieguez, Fernandez, Andres Garcia, Fernández, Antonio J, Fernández-Pacheco, Borja Camacho, Fitzgerald, J Edward, Fonsi, Giovanni B, Font, Roser Farré, Fowler, Amy L, Fretwell, Kenneth R, Fructuoso, Lorena Sanchon, Fusai, Giuseppe K, Garcia, Miguel Hernandez, Garcia-Ureña, Miguel Angel, Gill, Charn K, Gisbertz, Suzanne S, Del Giudice, Roberto, Giuffrida, Maria Carmela, Di Giuseppe, Matteo, Gómez, María Fanjul, Guariglia, Claudio A, Hainsworth, Alison J, Hall, Bria J, Hall, James RW, Hammond, John S, Haqqani, Maha H, Harrison, Ewen M, Hazelton, Joshua P, van Heinsbergen, Maarten, Hill, Arnold DK, Hing, Caroline B, Hirji, Sameer A, Ho, Michael WS, Holbrook, Charlotte M, Holme, Thomas J, Hopkins, James C, Hopkinson, David N, Hossain, Fahad S, Hudson, Victoria E, Hughes, Jane L, Hwang, E. Shelley, Ibrahim, Mohamed AH, Isolani, Simone M, Jenkinson, Michael D, Jenny, Hillary E, Jeyaretna, Deva S, Jones, Robert P, Jones, Andrew P, Jonker, Pascal KC, Jönsson, Maria L, Joyce, Doireann P, Kalkwarf, Kyle J, Kamarajah, Sivesh K, El Kassas, Mohamed, Kavanagh, Dara O, Keatley, James M, Khalefa, Mohamed A, Khan, Jim S, Kirmani, Bilal H, Kisiel, Aaron P, Kouris, Spyros Marinos, Kowal, Mikolaj R, Labib, Peter L, Larkin, John O, Lauscher, Johannes C, Leclercq, Wouter KG, Ledesma, Frances SJ, Leite-Moreira, André M, Leung, Elaine YL, Lewis, Sophia E, Lima, Maria João, Lin, Daniel J, Liu, Helen H, Lowery, Aoife J, Lozano, Saida Martel, Luney, Catriona R, Maia, Mariana Magalhães, Mariani, Nicolò M, Marino, Marco V, Marra, Angelo A, Marsh, Christopher L, Martin, Robert CG, McCluney, Simon J, McIntyre, Robert C, Mckay, Siobhan C, McKevitt, Kevin L, Meagher, Ashley D, Mehdi, Mohammad Q, Mehigan, Brian J, Gonzalez-De Miguel, Melania, De Miguel-Ardevines, Maria-Carmen, Mills, Sarah J, Mohan, Helen M, Moir, John AG, Monson, John RT, Monteiro, Joana M, Montella, Maria T, Montesinos, Cristina Soto, Morgom, Marwa M, Moura, Francisco S, Muguerza, Jose M, Murphy, Suzanne H, De Nardi, Paola, Naumann, David N, Neary, Paul C, Neely, David TA, Ng-Kamstra, Joshua S, Ngu, Albert WT, Nguyen, Truong A, Nita, George E, Nunes, Quentin M, Nygaard, Rachel M, O'Meara, Lindsay B, O'Neill, John R, Okafor, Barbara U, Olson, Steven A, Oo, Aung Y, Ormazabal, Pablo Collera, Osorio, Alexander L, Pachl, Max J, Parry, James T, Patel, Panna K, Pérez-Sánchez, Luis E, Pevidal, Ana Nogues, Pezzuto, Anna P, Philp, Matthew M, Pinkney, Thomas D, Pollok, Joerg M, Povey, Meical G, Poza, Alfredo Alonso, Rajgor, Amarkumar D, Rao, Jagan N, Raptis, Dimitri A, Rice, Henry E, Ridgway, Paul F, Rivas, Ana Munoz, Rodriguez-Sanjuan, Juan C, Rogers, Luke J, Da Roit, Anna, Rollett, Rebecca A, Romera, Jose L, Rooney, Siobhan M, Roxo, Vanessa I, Le Roy, Bertrand, Rubio, Eduardo E, Ruiz, Carolina Castro, Ruiz, Manuel Losada, Ryan, Éanna J, Saad, Abdel Rahman, Saeed, Samerah A, Salama, Hiba A, Salamah, Abdulrauf A, Sampietro, Gianluca M, Sarma, Diwakar R, Schaffer, Kathryn B, Schnitzbauer, Andreas A, Scurrah, Rachel J, Serevina, Olivia L, Serralheiro, Pedro A, Sewards, Joseph M, Shackcloth, Michael J, Shaw, Abigail V, Sheel, Andrea RG, Sica, Giuseppe S, De Simone, Veronica, Singh, Aminder A, Singh, Rabindra P, Skelly, Brendan L, Smith, Henry G, Sohail, Amir H, Spalding, Duncan R, Springford, Laurie R, Ssentongo, Anna E, Steinkamp, Pieter J, Stevens, Kent A, Stewart, Grant D, Stylianides, Nicholas A, Sullivan, Tom BB, Taher, Ahmed SA, Tamimy, Muhammad S, Tang, Alethea M, Tebala, Giovanni D, Tejero-Pintor, Francisco J, Thaha, Mohamed A, Thomas, Amy J, De Toma, Giorgio, La Torre, Filippo, Torres, Antonio J, Townshend, David N, Trout, Isobel M, Tucker, Sarah C, Ubhi, Harmony K, Vega, Viviana A, Velmahos, George C, Velopulos, Catherine G, Viswanath, Yirupaiahgari KS, Vivas, Alfredo A, Wade, Ryckie G, Wadley, Martin S, Wall, Joshua JS, Walters, Andrew M, Warren, Oliver J, Weerasinghe, Chamindri K, Wilkin, Richard JW, Williams, Katherine J, Winter, Stuart C, Wormald, Justin CR, Wright, Franklin L, Xyda, Souzana E, Young, Alastair L, Youssef, Mina MG, Yousuf, Farhat B, El Youzouri, Hanan, Zappa, Marco A, Abate, Emmanuele, Abdalaziz, Hossam, Abdelkarim, Mostafa, Abdou, Hossam, Aboelkassem-Ibrahim, Ahmad, Abuown, Ala, Acebes-Garcia, Fernando, Acharya, Metesh, Adamina, Michel, Addae-Boateng, Emmanuel, Aftab, Raiyyan, Agarwal, Arnav, Aguilar, José, Ahmed, Yousra, Aitken, Emma, Al-Azzawi, Marwa, Al-Embideen, Somya, Al-Masri, Mahmoud, Al-Najjar, Hani, Al-Sukaini, Ahmad, Alam, Ruhina, Alderson, Derek, Aliyeva, Zumrud, Aljanadi, Firas, Almasri, Murad, Alonso-Ortuño, Paula, Altintoprak, Fatih, Amira, Gamal, Amjad, Rabbia, Anania, Gabriele, Andabaka, Tatjana, Angelou, Dimitrios, Annamalai, Seethalakshmi, Annessi, Valerio, Anthoney, James, Anwar, Sibtain, Anwer, Mariyah, Aragon-Chamizo, Juan, Ardito, Antonella, Arigoni, Michele, Armao, Teodora, Arminio, Armando, Armstrong, Lara, Arnaud, Alexis, Asaad, Peter, Ashcroft, James, Ashmore, Christopher, Asqalan, Ahmad, Asti, Emanuele, Aubry, Emmanuelle, Aytac, Erman, Ayuso-Herrera, Esther, Baeza, Melody, Bailon-Cuadrado, Martin, Bakmaz, Bernarda, Baldi, Caterina, Baldini, Edoardo, Baldo, Stefano, Ballabio, Michele, Baloyiannis, Ioannis, Baltazar, Gerard, Bàmbina, Fabrizio, Bandiera, Alessandro, Barlow, Emma, Barmasse, Roberto, Barmpagianni, Christina, Baronio, Gianluca, Barra, Fabio, Bartsch, Anne-Marie, Basgaran, Amedra, Basha, Amr, Bashkirova, Varvara, Bastazza, Marco, Baumber, Rachel, Belcher, Elizabeth, Belvedere, Angela, Benítez-Linero, Inmaculada, Bergeat, Damien, Bernasconi, Matteo, Bhalla, Ashish, Bhutiani, Neal, Bianco, Federica, Bisagni, Pietro, Blake, Iain, Blanco-Colino, Ruth, Blazquez-Martin, Alma, Boal, Matthew, Bonavina, Luigi, Bonavina, Giulia, Bond-Smith, Giles, Booth, Karen, Borges, Filipe, Borghi, Felice, Bouchagier, Konstantinos, Bourke, Grainne, Boyle, Emily, Brachini, Gioia, Brain, Jessie, Brar, Amanpreet, Breckles, Lisa, Bretagnol, Frédéric, Brixton, Genevieve, Bruzzaniti, Placido, Bueser, Teofila, Burnside, Nathan, Caballero, Albert, Calcerrada-Alises, Enrique, Callahan, Miriam, Camarero, Enrique, Campagnaro, Tommaso, Campanelli, Michela, Candiani, Massimo, Cantalejo-Diaz, Miguel, Cao, Han, Capelli, Patrizio, Capizzi, Vita, Carcano, Giulio, Carissimi, Francesca, Carlini, Massimo, Carlucci, Michele, Carmichael, Heather, Carrasco, Milagros, Carrillo, Mariana, Carvello, Michele, Casati, Massimiliano, Castoro, Carlo, Catalan, Vanesa, Cavaleiro, Salomé, Cellerino, Paola, Centinaio, Giovanna, Cernei, Cristina, Cerro, Cristina, Cervellera, Maurizio, Chakrabortee, Sohini, Chamberlain, Stephanie, Chan, Jeffrey, Chang, Grace, Chaudhry, Dauod, Chebaro, Alexandre, Chen, David, Chetty, Govind, Chia, Zoe, Chiappini, Ambra, Chiarugi, Massimo, Chidambaram, Swathikan, Chiozza, Matteo, Cholewa, Hanna, Chong, Clara, Choolani-Bhojwani, Ekta, Christoforidis, Dimitri, Chui, Karen, Chung, Choyin, Cirillo, Bruno, Citterio, Davide, Clermidi, Pauline, Coccolini, Federico, Colletti, Gaia, Compagnoni, Bruno, Concepción-Martín, Vanesa, Confalonieri, Marco, Connolly, Hannah, Conso, Christel, Conti, Luigi, Cooper, Zara, Cordera, Fernando, Corral, Javier, Costa, Marta, Costanzi, Andrea, Cotsoglou, Christian, Cozza, Valerio, Cuming, Tamzin, Curtis, Miles, Cuschieri, Joseph, D'Agruma, Michele, D'Andrea, Giancarlo, Daliya, Prita, Dare, Oliver, Darko, Ebenezer, Day, Andrew, Dehal, Ahmed, Dehart, Dustin, Delgado-Oliver, Eduardo, Denning, Max, Desai, Anant, Desender, Liesbeth, Dester, Sara, Díaz-García, Alberto, Diaz-Peña, Patricia, Dousset, Bertrand, Doussot, Alexandre, Duchateau, Nicolas, Duff, Sarah, Dunning, Joel, Duque-Mallen, Victoria, Dziakova, Jana, Egan, Bridget, Egan, Richard, El-Ali, Abess, Elfeki, Hossam, Elhadi, Muhammed, Eljareh, Mohammed, Elkady, Ramy, Elkhafeefi, Fatimah, Elmore, 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Katia, Leventoglu, Sezai, Li, Zoe, Liew, Ignatius, Lisi, Giorgio, Lizzi, Vincenzo, Lo, Terence, Lomiento, Daniele, Longhi, Marco, Lostis, Emilie, Lostoridis, Eftychios, Loubani, Mahmoud, Lowy-Benoliel, Alejandro, Lucianetti, Alessandro, Luke, Louis, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Luraghi, Marco, Lye, George, Mabrouk, Islam, Macchi, Alberto, MacDonald, Luisa, Machairas, Nikolaos, Madonini, Marco, Magowan, Drew, Maisonneuve, Emeline, Majkowska, Agata, Majkowski, Lawrence, Mak, Jason, Malabarba, Stefano, Malerba, Michele, Mannan, Syed, Manson, Joanna, Mansuri, Ahmer, Mantoglu, Baris, Manu, Nichola, Maqsood, Afnan, Marano, Alessandra, Marchbank, Adrian, Marcos-Santos, Pablo, Marrano, Enrico, Martin, Janet, Martin, Emmeline, Martin, Guy, Martin-Albo, Lorena, Martín-Román, Lorena, Martinelli, Fabio, Martínez-dePaz, Fernando, Martinez-German, Antonio, Martinez-Pinedo, Carlos, Martins, Ricardo, Marwan, Hisham, Marzi, Federica, Mathieu, Pierre, Matute-Najarro, Maria-Soledad, Maw, Andrew, Mazingi, Dennis, Mazzaferro, Vincenzo, McCanny, Andrew, McKenzie, Katherine, McLarty, Nicola, McPherson, Iain, Medina, Esther, Mediratta, Saniya, Medone, Marzia, Mehra, Gautam, Mele, Simone, Melero-Cortés, Lidia, Mendoza-Moreno, Fernando, Meneghini, Simona, Mercante, Giuseppe, Merdrignac, Aude, Merola, Stephen, Metallidis, Symeon, Michel, Martin, Migliore, Marco, Mihanovic, Jakov, Miller, Douglas, Mingoli, Andrea, Minto, Gary, Mirabella, Antonello, Misra, Nikhil, Mitrasinovic, Stefan, Miu, Victor, Moawad, Nader, Mochet, Sylvie, Modabber, Ali, Mohammad, Adam, Mohan, Midhun, Moliner-Sánchez, Carmen, Mongelli, Francesco, Monteleone, Michela, Montuori, Mauro, Moore, Rachel, Mora-Guzmán, Ismael, Morales, Xavier, Morales, Dieter, Morelli, Luca, Morelli, Lucia, Morgan, Richard, Morris, Chris, Mortini, Pietro, Mosca, Angelo, Motter, Dema, Moug, Susan, Mukherjee, Samrat, Najdy, Manhal, Nakas, Apostolos, Namazov, Ilgar, Naredla, Pradyumna, Nasef, Emmhamed, Nassa, Heeam, Nath, Rahul, Navarro-Sánchez, Antonio, Nazarian, Scarlet, Negri, Giampiero, Nehra, Deepika, Neil-Dwyer, Jason, Neri, Jacopo, Newton, Katy, Nikaj, Herald, Niquen, Milagros, Nobile, Sara, Nogueiro, Jorge, Ntirenganya, Faustin, Nugent, Michael, Núñez, Jordi, Ocaña, Juan, Okechukwu, Valentine, Oliva-Mompean, Fernando, Oliveira, Ana, Ollat, Didier, Onos, Lavinia, Osagie-Clouard, Liza, Osman, Khabab, Ottolina, Jessica, Ourieff, Jared, Outani, Oumaima, Oyewole, Bankole, Ozben, Volkan, Pacheco-Sanchez, David, Padilla-Valverde, David, Pai, Madhava, Paiella, Salvatore, Paisley, Samuel, Palini, Gianmarco, Palmeri, Matteo, Panahi, Pedram, Parente, Alessandro, Parlanti, Daniele, Parmar, Chetan, Pascual, Angela, Patel, Mahul, Pathak, Abhijit, Patil, Sangram, Pattyn, Piet, Peckham-Cooper, Adam, Pedrazzani, Corrado, Pellino, Gianluca, Peluso, Chiara, Pereira, André, Pereira-Neves, António, Perez-Diaz, MD, Pérez-González, Marta, Pérez-Saborido, Baltasar, Perivoliotis, Konstantinos, Perkins, Clare, Peros, Georgios, Perotto, Ornella, Perra, Teresa, Petrone, Patrizio, Phenix, George, Picazo, Sara, Picon-Rodriguez, Rafael, Piloni, Martina, Pingarrón-Martín, Lorena, Pinotti, Enrico, Pisanu, Adolfo, Pizzini, Paolo, Pockney, Peter, Podda, Mauro, Podolsky, Dina, Poggioli, Gilberto, Pompili, Cecilia, Pontari, Michael, Porcu, Alberto, Potter, Ryan, Price, Claire, Pruvot, François-René, Pujol-Muncunill, Roger, Puppo, Andrea, Quante, Markus, Quintana-Villamandos, Begoña, Qureshi, Ali, Radenkovic, Dejan, Rakvin, Ivan, Ramallo-Solís, Irene, Ramcharan, Sean, Ramos, Diego, Ramos-Bonilla, Antonio, Ramzi, Joussi, Rathinam, Sridhar, Rausa, Emanuele, Ravaioli, Matteo, Ravindran, Sharanya, Raymond, Thomas, Razik, Aisha, Redfern, Jennifer, Reguera-Rosal, Julio, Rela, Mariam, Rey-Biel, Juan, Rey-Valcarcel, Cristina, Ribolla, Marta, Richards, Tomos, Richmond, Michael, Righini, Erminio, Rio-Gomez, Javier, Riyat, Harjoat, Rizvi, Sana, Roberts, Keith, Roberts, Matthew, Robertson, Stuart, Robertson, Ronald, Robin-Valle, Alvaro, Rochon, Melissa, Rojo, Mikel, Rolli, Luigi, Romano, Silvio, Ross, Elizabeth, Ross, Howard, Rossborough, Catherine, Rottoli, Matteo, Ruiz-Grande, Fernando, Ruiz-Martin, Irene, Ruiz-Soriano, María, Ruzzenente, Andrea, Ryska, Ondrej, Saez, Carlos, Sagnotta, Andrea, Sahnan, Kapil, Sahni, Arun, Salim, Ali, Sallam, Ibrahim, Salvia, Roberto, Samadov, Elgun, Sammarco, Giuseppe, Sampaio-Alves, Mafalda, Sánchez-Arteaga, Alejandro, Sanchez-Fuentes, Maria-Nieves, Sanchez-Pelaez, Daniel, Sanchez-Perez, Coral, Sanchez-Rubio, Maria, Sancho-Muriel, Jorge, Sanders, Julie, Santero-Ramirez, Maria-Pilar, Santora, Thomas, Santoro, Antonio, Santos, Irene, Santos-Sousa, Hugo, Sapienza, Paolo, Sartarelli, Lodovico, Sarveswaran, Janahan, Sasia, Diego, Saudemont, Alain, Saudi-Moro, Sef, Saxena, Shobhit, Saxena, Dolly, Sayasneh, Ahmad, Scalabre, Aurelien, Schache, Andrew, Schiavina, Riccardo, Schineis, Christian, Schreckenbach, Teresa, Scorza, Antonella, Scott, Lucy, Seegert, Sara, Seguin-Givelet, Agathe, Senent-Boza, Ana, Seymour, Keith, Shabana, Amanda, Shah, Karishma, Shah, Jigar, Shah, Preena, Shah, Sujay, Shakir, Taner, Shalaby, Mostafa, Shankar, Sushma, Shaw, Richard, Shehata, Sameh, Shenfine, Amy, Sheridan, Kelda, Sherief, Ahmed, Sherief, Mohamed, Sherif, Mohamed, Shinkwin, Michael, Shu, Sebastian, Siaw-Acheampong, Kwabena, Sileri, Pierpaolo, Singh, Abhinav, Singh, Shailendra, Sinha, Sanjay, Sinha, Deepti, Siragusa, Leandro, Sivaprakasam, Rajesh, Sivayoganathan, Sriharan, Smillie, Robert, Smith, Claire, Smith, Andrew, Smith, Christopher, Sochorova, Dana, Soggiu, Fiammetta, Sohrabi, Catrin, Solari, Francesca, Solli, Piergiorgio, Soreide, Kjetil, Spinelli, Antonino, Spoletini, Domenico, Spriano, Giuseppe, Sravanam, Sanskrithi, Ssentongo, Paddy, Stanger, Sophie, Stavroulias, Dionisios, Steel, Ben, Stella, Marco, Stewart, Robbie, Stringer, Sally, Sulen, Nina, Sundar, Sudha, Sundhu, Matthew, Suri, Avni, Syed, Arooj, Szatmary, Peter, Tabiri, Stephen, Tadross, Daniel, Taglietti, Lucio, Tansey, 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Aloka S D, Al Maadany, Faraj S, De Marchi, Joshua A, Ramos-De la Medina, Antonio, Mithany, Reda H M, Sanchez del Pueblo, Cristina, van Ramshorst, Gabriëlle, De Salas, Maria Marqueta, De Souza, Anthony C, Dolores Del Toro, M, Archer, James E, Odeh, Abdulrahman, Erridge, Simon, Salem, Hosni Khairy, Jones, Gareth P, Gardner, Anne, Tripathi, Shiva S, Gregg, Anne, Jeganathan, Reuben, Siddique, Muhammad Harris, Lombardi, Celestino P, Martin, Benjamin, Leo, Cosimo Alex, Dass, Debashis, Di Franco, Gregorio, Jiao, Long R, Mari, Giulio Maria, Capitan-Morales, Luis-Cristobal, Connelly, Tara M, Alanbuki, Ammar, De Virgilio, Armando, Schilling, Clare, San Miguel Mendez, Carlos, Kulkarni, Gauri, Nizami, Kulsoom, Walsh, Stewart, Dean, Harry, Ruiz-Marin, Miguel, Houston, Rory, Trompetto, Mario, Chrastek, David, Kouritas, Vasileios, Cannoletta, Maria, Rosato, Francesco, Kaushal, Manish V, Costa, Paulo Matos, Elkadi, Hannah H, Johnstone, Jack R, Irvine, Esmee, Alvarez, Maria R, Corbellini, Carlo, Venkatesan, Gowtham S, Mateo-Sierra, Olga, Martínez-Pérez, Carolina, Serrano González, Javier, Hernández Bartolomé, Miguel Ángel, Díaz Pérez, David, Gutiérrez Samaniego, María, Galindo Jara, Pablo, Sharma, Neil, Smart, Neil J, Keller, Deborah S, COVIDsurg Collaborative, [missing], Nepogodiev, Dmitri, Glasbey, James C, Li, Elizabeth, Omar, Omar M, Simoes, Joana FF, Abbott, Tom EF, Alser, Osaid, Arnaud, Alexis P, Bankhead-Kendall, Brittany K, Breen, Kerry A, Cunha, Miguel F, Davidson, Giana H, Di Saverio, Salomone, Gallo, Gaetano, Griffiths, Ewen A, Gujjuri, Rohan R, Hutchinson, Peter J, Kaafarani, Haytham MA, Lederhuber, Han, Löffler, Markus W, Mashbari, Hassan N, Minaya-Bravo, Ana, Morton, Dion G, Moszkowicz, David, Pata, Francesco, Tsoulfas, George, Venn, Mary L, Bhangu, Aneel, Cox, Daniel, Roslani, April C, Alakaloko, Felix, de Vries, Jean-Paul PM, Aaraj, Mahmoud A, Abbott, Sarah J, Abdalla, Mutwakil OM, Abdelaal, Ahmed S, Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O, Aherne, Thomas M, Ali, Osman M, Alkadeeki, Ghadah Z, Almeida, Ana C, Alrahawy, Mahmoud M, Ambler, Graeme K, Alameer, Ehab, Andreani, Stefano M, De Andrés-Asenjo, Beatriz, Antonanzas, Leyre Lopez, Aoun, Salah G, Ashoush, Fouad M, Augestad, Knut Magne, Avellana, Rocio B, Ayeni, Funbi A, Ayorinde, John OO, Babu, Bheemanakone H, Baig, Mirza MAS, Bajomo, Oreoluwa M, Baker, Olivia J, Baker, Markus P, Baldwin, Alexander J, Ban, Vin Shen, Baron, Ryan D, Barranquero, Alberto G, Barry, Conor P, DI Bartolomeo, Alessandro, Bass, Gary A, Bath, Michael F, Batjer, H Hunt, Beamish, Andrew J, Belgaumkar, Ajay P, Bence, Matthew N, Benson, Ruth A, Bernal-Sprekelsen, Juan Carlo, Bhama, Anuradha R, Bhavaraju, Avi V, Biffl, Walter L, Blundell, Chris M, Boddy, Alexander P, Borgstein, Alexander BJ, Bosanquet, David C, Bosch, Karen D, Bouhuwaish, Ahmad EM, Bozkurt, Mehmet A, Brathwaite, Collin EM, Brown, Benjamin C, Brown, Oliver D, Brown, Allison K, Buarque, Igor Lima, Bueno-Cañones, Alejandro D, Bulugma, Mustafa R, Burke, Joshua R, Byrne, Matthew HV, Cagigal-Ortega, Elima P, Callcut, Rachael A, DI Candido, Francesca, Canova, Michaela E, Carlos, William J, Caruana, Edward J, Cato, Liam D, Catton, Andrew B, Ceretti, Andrea Pisani, Chase, Thomas JG, Chiara, Francesco Di, Chowdhury, Abeed H, Chung, Eric A, Cicerchia, Pierfranco M, Clough, Ethan CS, Coleman, Natasha L, Collins, Chris G, Collins, Michelle L, Colonna, Emily T, Comini, Lara V, Connolly, Tara M, Coughlin, Patrick A, Cruzado, Laura Fernández-Gomez, Davidson, Brian R, Davies, Richard J, Davies, Emma J, Davis, Niall F, Dawson, Brett E, Dean, Benjamin JF, Delgado, Maria Garcia-Conde, Diaz, Jose J, Dickson, Kathryn E, Diez-Alonso, Manuel M, Dixon, Jan R, Doe, Matthew J, Drake, Thomas D, Drake, Frederick T, Duffy, John P, Dunne, Declan FJ, Dunne, Naomi JM, Durán-Muñoz-Cruzado, Virginia M, Durst, Alexander ZE, Eardley, Nicola J, Edwards, John G, Elfallal, Ahmed H, Elfiky, Mahmoud MA, Elliott, Jessie A, Emile, Sameh H, Emslie, Katy M, Endorf, Frederick W, Engel, Jamie L, Enjuto, Diego T, Etchill, Eric W, Evans, Jonathan P, Fahey, Brian A, Faria, Carlos S, Feo, Carlo V, Ferguson, Henry JM, Fernandez, Beatriz Dieguez, Fernandez, Andres Garcia, Fernández, Antonio J, Fernández-Pacheco, Borja Camacho, Fitzgerald, J Edward, Fonsi, Giovanni B, Font, Roser Farré, Fowler, Amy L, Franco, Gregorio Di, Fretwell, Kenneth R, Fructuoso, Lorena Sanchon, Fusai, Giuseppe K, Garcia, Miguel Hernandez, Garcia-Ureña, Miguel Angel, Gill, Charn K, Gisbertz, Suzanne S, Del Giudice, Roberto, Giuffrida, Maria Carmela, Di Giuseppe, Matteo, Gómez, María Fanjul, González, Javier Serrano, Guariglia, Claudio A, Hainsworth, Alison J, Hall, Bria J, Hall, James RW, Hammond, John S, Haqqani, Maha H, Harrison, Ewen M, Hazelton, Joshua P, van Heinsbergen, Maarten, Hill, Arnold DK, Hing, Caroline B, Hirji, Sameer A, Ho, Michael WS, Holbrook, Charlotte M, Holme, Thomas J, Hopkins, James C, Hopkinson, David N, Hossain, Fahad S, Hudson, Victoria E, Hughes, Jane L, Hwang, E. Shelley, Ibrahim, Mohamed AH, Isolani, Simone M, Jara, Pablo Galindo, Jenkinson, Michael D, Jenny, Hillary E, Jeyaretna, Deva S, Jones, Robert P, Jones, Andrew P, Jonker, Pascal KC, Jönsson, Maria L, Joyce, Doireann P, Kalkwarf, Kyle J, Kamarajah, Sivesh K, El Kassas, Mohamed, Kavanagh, Dara O, Keatley, James M, Khalefa, Mohamed A, Khan, Jim S, Kirmani, Bilal H, Kisiel, Aaron P, Kouris, Spyros Marino, Kowal, Mikolaj R, Labib, Peter L, Larkin, John O, Lauscher, Johannes C, Leclercq, Wouter KG, Ledesma, Frances SJ, Leite-Moreira, André M, Leung, Elaine YL, Lewis, Sophia E, Lima, Maria João, Lin, Daniel J, Liu, Helen H, Lowery, Aoife J, Lozano, Saida Martel, Luney, Catriona R, Maia, Mariana Magalhãe, Mariani, Nicolò M, Marino, Marco V, Marra, Angelo A, Marsh, Christopher L, Martin, Robert CG, Mccluney, Simon J, Mcintyre, Robert C, Mckay, Siobhan C, Mckevitt, Kevin L, Meagher, Ashley D, Mehdi, Mohammad Q, Mehigan, Brian J, Gonzalez-De Miguel, Melania, De Miguel-Ardevines, Maria-Carmen, 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Roxo, Vanessa I, Le Roy, Bertrand, Rubio, Eduardo E, Ruiz, Carolina Castro, Ruiz, Manuel Losada, Ryan, Éanna J, Saad, Abdel Rahman, Saeed, Samerah A, Salama, Hiba A, Salamah, Abdulrauf A, Samaniego, María Gutiérrez, Sampietro, Gianluca M, Sarma, Diwakar R, Schaffer, Kathryn B, Schnitzbauer, Andreas A, Scurrah, Rachel J, Serevina, Olivia L, Serralheiro, Pedro A, Sewards, Joseph M, Shackcloth, Michael J, Shaw, Abigail V, Sheel, Andrea RG, Sica, Giuseppe S, De Simone, Veronica, Singh, Aminder A, Singh, Rabindra P, Skelly, Brendan L, Smith, Henry G, Sohail, Amir H, Spalding, Duncan R, Springford, Laurie R, Ssentongo, Anna E, Steinkamp, Pieter J, Stevens, Kent A, Stewart, Grant D, Stylianides, Nicholas A, Sullivan, Tom BB, Taher, Ahmed SA, Tamimy, Muhammad S, Tang, Alethea M, Tebala, Giovanni D, Tejero-Pintor, Francisco J, Thaha, Mohamed A, Thomas, Amy J, De Toma, Giorgio, La Torre, Filippo, Torres, Antonio J, Townshend, David N, Trout, Isobel M, Tucker, Sarah C, Ubhi, Harmony K, Vega, 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Annamalai, Seethalakshmi, Annessi, Valerio, Anthoney, Jame, Anwar, Sibtain, Anwer, Mariyah, Aragon-Chamizo, Juan, Ardito, Antonella, Arigoni, Michele, Armao, Teodora, Arminio, Armando, Armstrong, Lara, Arnaud, Alexi, Asaad, Peter, Ashcroft, Jame, Ashmore, Christopher, Asqalan, Ahmad, Asti, Emanuele, Aubry, Emmanuelle, Aytac, Erman, Ayuso-Herrera, Esther, Baeza, Melody, Bailon-Cuadrado, Martin, Bakmaz, Bernarda, Baldi, Caterina, Baldini, Edoardo, Baldo, Stefano, Ballabio, Michele, Baloyiannis, Ioanni, Baltazar, Gerard, Bàmbina, Fabrizio, Bandiera, Alessandro, Barlow, Emma, Barmasse, Roberto, Barmpagianni, Christina, Baronio, Gianluca, Barra, Fabio, Bartsch, Anne-Marie, Basgaran, Amedra, Basha, Amr, Bashkirova, Varvara, Bastazza, Marco, Baumber, Rachel, Belcher, Elizabeth, Belvedere, Angela, Benítez-Linero, Inmaculada, Bergeat, Damien, Bernasconi, Matteo, Bhalla, Ashish, Bhutiani, Neal, Bianco, Federica, Bisagni, Pietro, Blake, Iain, Blanco-Colino, Ruth, Blazquez-Martin, Alma, Boal, Matthew, Bonavina, Luigi, Bonavina, Giulia, Bond-Smith, Gile, Booth, Karen, Borges, Filipe, Borghi, Felice, Bouchagier, Konstantino, Bourke, Grainne, Boyle, Emily, Brachini, Gioia, Brain, Jessie, Brar, Amanpreet, Breckles, Lisa, Bretagnol, Frédéric, Brixton, Genevieve, Bruzzaniti, Placido, Bueser, Teofila, Burnside, Nathan, Caballero, Albert, Calcerrada-Alises, Enrique, Callahan, Miriam, Camarero, Enrique, Campagnaro, Tommaso, Campanelli, Michela, Candiani, Massimo, Cannoletta, Marina, Cantalejo-Diaz, Miguel, Cao, Han, Capelli, Patrizio, Capizzi, Vita, Carcano, Giulio, Carissimi, Francesca, Carlini, Massimo, Carlucci, Michele, Carmichael, Heather, Carrasco, Milagro, Carrillo, Mariana, Carvello, Michele, Casati, Massimiliano, Castoro, Carlo, Catalan, Vanesa, Cavaleiro, Salomé, Cellerino, Paola, Centinaio, Giovanna, Cernei, Cristina, Cerro, Cristina, Cervellera, Maurizio, Chakrabortee, Sohini, Chamberlain, Stephanie, Chan, Jeffrey, Chang, Grace, Chaudhry, Dauod, Chebaro, Alexandre, Chen, David, Chetty, Govind, Chia, Zoe, Chiappini, Ambra, Chiarugi, Massimo, Chidambaram, Swathikan, Chiozza, Matteo, Cholewa, Hanna, Chong, Clara, Choolani-Bhojwani, Ekta, Christoforidis, Dimitri, Chui, Karen, Chung, Choyin, Cirillo, Bruno, Citterio, Davide, Clermidi, Pauline, Coccolini, Federico, Colletti, Gaia, Compagnoni, Bruno, Concepción-Martín, Vanesa, Confalonieri, Marco, Connolly, Hannah, Conso, Christel, Conti, Luigi, Cooper, Zara, Corbellin, Carlo, Cordera, Fernando, Corral, Javier, Costa, Marta, Costanzi, Andrea, Cotsoglou, Christian, Cozza, Valerio, Cuming, Tamzin, Curtis, Mile, Cuschieri, Joseph, D'Agruma, Michele, D'Andrea, Giancarlo, Daliya, Prita, Dare, Oliver, Darko, Ebenezer, Day, Andrew, Dehal, Ahmed, Dehart, Dustin, Delgado-Oliver, Eduardo, Denning, Max, Desai, Anant, Desender, Liesbeth, Dester, Sara, Díaz-García, Alberto, Diaz-Peña, Patricia, Dousset, Bertrand, Doussot, Alexandre, Duchateau, Nicola, Duff, Sarah, Dunning, Joel, Duque-Mallen, Victoria, Dziakova, Jana, Egan, Bridget, Egan, Richard, El-Ali, Abe, Elfeki, Hossam, Elhadi, Muhammed, Eljareh, Mohammed, Elkadi, Hannah, Elkady, Ramy, Elkhafeefi, Fatimah, Elmore, Ugo, Elmoslemany, Tarek, Emmerson, Oliver, Enemosah, Ibrahim, English, Camilla, English, William, Ereidge, Simon, Escartin, Jorge, Estaire-Gomez, Mercede, Evans, Luke, Evans, Jessica, Exley, Rebecca, Fabbri, Nicoló, Falco, Giuseppe, Familiari, Pietro, Fancellu, Alessandro, Farik, Shebani, Farrell, Tony, Fehervari, Matya, Fell, Adam, Fernandez-Camuñas, Angel, Fernández-Marín, Reye, Fernández-Martínez, María, Ferrara, Francesco, Ferrari, Guglielmo, Ferrero, Simone, Findlay, Laura, Fiore, Marco, Fiori, Enrico, Flatman, Michael, Flindall, Ian, Flor, Bla, Fontana, Tommaso, Ford, Samuel, Ford, David, Forlani, Stefano, Francone, Elisa, Frattaruolo, Colomba, Frio, Federico, Gagliano, Annalisa, Gagliardi, Filippo, Gahunia, Sukhpreet, Gaino, Francesca, Gala, Tanzeela, Galfrascoli, Elisa, Galimberti, Luca, Gallagher, Phoebe, Galleano, Raffaele, Galván-Pérez, Armando, Gammeri, Emanuele, Ganau, Mario, Garcés-García, Raúl, Garulli, Gianluca, Gascon-Ferrer, Isabel, Gattolin, Andrea, Gaujoux, Sebastien, Gentilli, Sergio, Georgiades, Fanourio, Ghanbari, Amir, Ghosh, Dhruv, Giacometti, Marco, Giblin, Anna-Victoria, Gilbert, Catherine, Giménez, Clara, Giorgakis, Emmanouil, Gipponi, Manuel, Glen, Paul, Goatly, Gile, Gobatti, Davide, Godbole, Chintamani, Gohil, Kajal, Gómez, Marco, Gomez-Rosado, Juan-Carlo, Gonullu, Emre, Gonzalez-Gonzalez, Enrique, Gordini, Luca, Gracia, Isabel, Gracia-Roche, Carlo, Granieri, Stefano, Green, Susanna, Grivon, Manuela, Grove, Thoma, Guaglio, Marcello, Guaitoli, Eleonora, Guglielmi, Alfredo, Guha, Soumya, Gustavino, Claudio, Habeeb, Amir, Hagger, Robert, Hakmi, Hazim, Halkias, Constantine, Hall, Claire, Hampton, Matthew, Handa, Siddhartha, Hansen, Laura, Haq, Iram, Harky, Amer, Harries, Rhiannon, Harrison, Joseph, Hasan, Raashad, Hawari, Mohammad, Hawkin, Paul, Hebblethwaite, Bethany, Henriques, Susana, Heritage, Emily, Hernandez-Juara, Pilar, Herrero-Lopez, Maria, Hervieux, Erik, Heyd, Bruno, Higgs, Simon, Hitchman, Louise, Ho, Beatrice, Hogan, Aisling, Hölzle, Frank, Hossain, Tanvir, Houston, Roy, Hurt, Libor, Hutchinson, Peter, Iacob, Giulio, Iannone, Immacolata, Ibrahim, Sherif, Iovino, Domenico, Isik, Arda, Jafarova, Sevda, Jamil, Tahir, Jayaraju, Ulla, Jenner, Edward, Jimenez-Higuera, Elisa, Jimeno, Jaime, Johnstone, Jack, Jones, Mark, Judkins, Nichola, Kalavrezos, Nichola, Kalidindi, Venugopala, Kalkat, Maninder, Kamal, Mona, Kamphues, Carsten, Kang, Chong, Kara, Yasin, Karam, Edward, Karim, Ahmed, Kashora, Florence, Kearney, David, Khajuria, Apoorva, Khan, Umul, Khan, Azam, Khatri, Chetan, Kinnaman, Gabriel, Kinross, Jame, Kler, Aaron, Klimopoulos, Serafeim, Kocataş, Ali, Kolias, Angelo, Königsrainer, Alfred, Konsten, Joop, Kontovounisios, Christo, Kourdouli, Amar, Krishnan, Emily, Kristinsson, Sverrir, Kruijff, Schelto, Kudsk-Iversen, Søren, Kufeji, Dorothy, Kugler, Nadav, 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Fernando, Martinez-German, Antonio, Martinez-Pinedo, Carlo, Martins, Ricardo, Marwan, Hisham, Marzi, Federica, Mateos-Sierra, Olga, Mathieu, Pierre, Matute-Najarro, Maria-Soledad, Maw, Andrew, Mazingi, Denni, Mazzaferro, Vincenzo, Mccanny, Andrew, Mckenzie, Katherine, Mclarty, Nicola, Mcpherson, Iain, Medina, Esther, Mediratta, Saniya, Medone, Marzia, Mehra, Gautam, Mele, Simone, Melero-Cortés, Lidia, Mendoza-Moreno, Fernando, Meneghini, Simona, Mercante, Giuseppe, Merdrignac, Aude, Merola, Stephen, Metallidis, Symeon, Michel, Martin, Migliore, Marco, Mihanovic, Jakov, Miller, Dougla, Mingoli, Andrea, Minto, Gary, Mirabella, Antonello, Misra, Nikhil, Mitrasinovic, Stefan, Miu, Victor, Moawad, Nader, Mochet, Sylvie, Modabber, Ali, Mohammad, Adam, Mohan, Midhun, Moliner-Sánchez, Carmen, Mongelli, Francesco, Monteleone, Michela, Montuori, Mauro, Moore, Rachel, Mora-Guzmán, Ismael, Morales, Xavier, Morales, Dieter, Morelli, Luca, Morelli, Lucia, Morgan, Richard, Morris, Chri, Mortini, Pietro, Mosca, Angelo, Motter, Dema, Moug, Susan, Mukherjee, Samrat, Najdy, Manhal, Nakas, Apostolo, Namazov, Ilgar, Naredla, Pradyumna, Nasef, Emmhamed, Nassa, Heeam, Nath, Rahul, Navarro-Sánchez, Antonio, Nazarian, Scarlet, Negri, Giampiero, Nehra, Deepika, Neil-Dwyer, Jason, Neri, Jacopo, Newton, Katy, Nikaj, Herald, Niquen, Milagro, Nobile, Sara, Nogueiro, Jorge, Ntirenganya, Faustin, Nugent, Michael, Núñez, Jordi, Ocaña, Juan, Okechukwu, Valentine, Oliva-Mompean, Fernando, Oliveira, Ana, Ollat, Didier, Onos, Lavinia, Osagie-Clouard, Liza, Osman, Khabab, Ottolina, Jessica, Ourieff, Jared, Outani, Oumaima, Oyewole, Bankole, Ozben, Volkan, Pacheco-Sanchez, David, Padilla-Valverde, David, Pai, Madhava, Paiella, Salvatore, Paisley, Samuel, Palini, Gianmarco, Palmeri, Matteo, Panahi, Pedram, Parente, Alessandro, Parlanti, Daniele, Parmar, Chetan, Pascual, Angela, Patel, Mahul, Pathak, Abhijit, Patil, Sangram, Pattyn, Piet, Peckham-Cooper, Adam, Pedrazzani, Corrado, Pellino, Gianluca, Peluso, Chiara, Pereira, André, Pereira-Neves, António, Perez-Diaz, Md, Pérez-González, Marta, Pérez-Saborido, Baltasar, Perivoliotis, Konstantino, Perkins, Clare, Peros, Georgio, Perotto, Ornella, Perra, Teresa, Petrone, Patrizio, Phenix, George, Picazo, Sara, Picon-Rodriguez, Rafael, Piloni, Martina, Pingarrón-Martín, Lorena, Pinotti, Enrico, Pisanu, Adolfo, Pizzini, Paolo, Pockney, Peter, Podda, Mauro, Podolsky, Dina, Poggioli, Gilberto, Pompili, Cecilia, Pontari, Michael, Porcu, Alberto, Potter, Ryan, Price, Claire, Pruvot, François-René, Pujol-Muncunill, Roger, Puppo, Andrea, Quante, Marku, Quintana-Villamandos, Begoña, Qureshi, Ali, Radenkovic, Dejan, Rakvin, Ivan, Ramallo-Solís, Irene, Ramcharan, Sean, Ramos, Diego, Ramos-Bonilla, Antonio, Ramzi, Joussi, Rathinam, Sridhar, Rausa, Emanuele, Ravaioli, Matteo, Ravindran, Sharanya, Raymond, Thoma, Razik, Aisha, Redfern, Jennifer, Reguera-Rosal, Julio, Rela, Mariam, Rey-Biel, Juan, Rey-Valcarcel, Cristina, Ribolla, Marta, Richards, Tomo, Richmond, Michael, Righini, Erminio, Rio-Gomez, Javier, Riyat, Harjoat, Rizvi, Sana, Roberts, Keith, Roberts, Matthew, Robertson, Stuart, Robertson, Ronald, Robin-Valle, Alvaro, Rochon, Melissa, Rojo, Mikel, Rolli, Luigi, Romano, Silvio, Ross, Elizabeth, Ross, Howard, Rossborough, Catherine, Rottoli, Matteo, Ruiz, Miguel, Ruiz-Grande, Fernando, Ruiz-Martin, Irene, Ruiz-Soriano, María, Ruzzenente, Andrea, Ryska, Ondrej, Saez, Carlo, Sagnotta, Andrea, Sahnan, Kapil, Sahni, Arun, Salim, Ali, Sallam, Ibrahim, Salvia, Roberto, Samadov, Elgun, Sammarco, Giuseppe, Sampaio-Alves, Mafalda, Sánchez-Arteaga, Alejandro, Sanchez-Fuentes, Maria-Nieve, Sanchez-Pelaez, Daniel, Sanchez-Perez, Coral, Sanchez-Rubio, Maria, Sancho-Muriel, Jorge, Sanders, Julie, Santero-Ramirez, Maria-Pilar, Santora, Thoma, Santoro, Antonio, Santos, Irene, Santos-Sousa, Hugo, Sapienza, Paolo, Sartarelli, Lodovico, Sarveswaran, Janahan, Sasia, Diego, Saudemont, Alain, Saudi-Moro, Sef, Saxena, Shobhit, Saxena, Dolly, 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Stella, Marco, Stewart, Robbie, Stringer, Sally, Sulen, Nina, Sundar, Sudha, Sundhu, Matthew, Suri, Avni, Syed, Arooj, Szatmary, Peter, Tabiri, Stephen, Tadross, Daniel, Taglietti, Lucio, Tansey, Rosamond, Tartaglia, Dario, Tawheed, Ahmed, Tayeh, Salim, Teles, Tobia, Testa, Valentina, Tewari, Nilanjana, Thoenissen, Philipp, Thomas, Kane, Thomin, Anne, Thrush, Jessica, Tierney, Sean, Tiwari, Abhinav, Toh, Simon, Toledo, Enrique, Tonini, Valeria, Torkington, Jared, Torquati, Alfonso, Torzilli, Guido, Totty, Joshua, Tourountzi, Paraskevi, Tousidonis, Manuel, Townend, Philip, Townsend, Catherine, Trompeter, Alex, Trotta, Francesco, Truant, Stéphanie, Trujillo-Díaz, Jeancarlo, Tsoulfas, Georgio, Turco, Celia, Turrado-Rodriguez, Victor, Turri, Giulia, Tustin, Harry, Tyler, Jayne, Tzedakis, Styliano, Tzovaras, George, Uittenbogaart, Martine, Ullah, Ramzan, Urban, Shane, Urbani, Alessia, Usai, Antonella, Vaccarella, Gianpaolo, Valdes-Hernandez, Javier, Valsecchi, Luca, Vashisht, Rajiv, 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Gracia-Roche C., Granieri S., Green S., Grivon M., Grove T., Guaglio M., Guaitoli E., Guglielmi A., Guha S., Gustavino C., Habeeb A., Hagger R., Hakmi H., Halkias C., Hall C., Hampton M., Handa S., Hansen L., Haq I., Harky A., Harries R., Harrison J., Hasan R., Hawari M., Hawkin P., Hebblethwaite B., Henriques S., Heritage E., Hernandez-Juara P., Herrero-Lopez M., Hervieux E., Heyd B., Higgs S., Hitchman L., Ho B., Hogan A., Holzle F., Hossain T., Hurt L., Hutchinson P., Iacob G., Iannone I., Ibrahim S., Iovino D., Isik A., Jafarova S., Jamil T., Jayaraju U., Jenner E., Jimenez-Higuera E., Jimeno J., Jones M., Judkins N., Kalavrezos N., Kalidindi V., Kalkat M., Kamal M., Kamphues C., Kang C., Kara Y., Karam E., Karim A., Kashora F., Kearney D., Khajuria A., Khan U., Khan A., Khatri C., Kinnaman G., Kinross J., Kler A., Klimopoulos S., Kocatas A., Kolias A., Konigsrainer A., Konsten J., Kontovounisios C., Kourdouli A., Krishnan E., Kristinsson S., Kruijff S., Kudsk-Iversen S., Kufeji 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Erridge S., Salem H.K., Jones G.P., Gardner A., Tripathi S.S., Gregg A., Jeganathan R., Siddique M.H., Lombardi C.P., Martin B., Leo C.A., Dass D., Di Franco G., Jiao L.R., Mari G.M., Capitan-Morales L.-C., Connelly T.M., Alanbuki A., De Virgilio A., Schilling C., San Miguel Mendez C., Kulkarni G., Nizami K., Walsh S., Dean H., Ruiz-Marin M., Houston R., Trompetto M., Chrastek D., Kouritas V., Cannoletta M., Rosato F., Kaushal M.V., Costa P.M., Elkadi H.H., Johnstone J.R., Irvine E., Alvarez M.R., Corbellini C., Venkatesan G.S., Mateo-Sierra O., Martinez-Perez C., Serrano Gonzalez J., Hernandez Bartolome M.A., Diaz Perez D., Gutierrez Samaniego M., Galindo Jara P., Sharma N., Smart N.J., Keller D.S., AGEM - Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Surgery, Graduate School, Almaadany, F. 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J., Roberts, M., Robertson, R., Callcut, R. A., Canova, M. E., Suri, A., Velopulos, C. G., Carmichael, H., Mcintyre, R. C., Wright, F. L., Urban, S., Martin, R. C. G., Bhutiani, N., Diaz, J. J., Abdou, H., O'Meara, L. B., Richmond, M., Almasri, M., Marwan, H., Mehdi, M. Q., Kulkarni, G., Ban, V. S., Aoun, S. G., Batjer, H. H., Bhangu, A., Guided Treatment in Optimal Selected Cancer Patients (GUTS), Robotics and image-guided minimally-invasive surgery (ROBOTICS), and Universidad de Cantabria
Subjects: Male, Emergency Medical Services, Respiratory Tract Diseases, Coronavirus Infections/complications, sars cov2, Settore MED/10 - MALATTIE DELL'APPARATO RESPIRATORIO, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, SARS-CoV-2, acute respiratory syndrome, pulmonary complication, 0302 clinical medicine, Postoperative Complications, Retrospective Studie, CONSENSUS DEFINITIONS, Epidemiology, Medicine and Health Sciences, Medicine, Surgery, Postoperative complications, Mortality, COVID-19, 030212 general & internal medicine, Hospital Mortality, Viral, Respiratory Tract Disease, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Mortality rate, Covid19, Operative/adverse effects, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Elective Surgical Procedures/adverse effects, Operative, Elective Surgical Procedures, Surgical Procedures, Operative, Female, COVID-19. Global surgery. Perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. International cohort study, Coronavirus Infections, Human, Cohort study, Surgical Procedures, Operative/adverse effects, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Respiratory Tract Diseases/etiology, Pneumonia, Viral, NO, COVIDSurg Collaborative, 03 medical and health sciences, Viral/complications, Betacoronavirus, Young Adult, General & Internal Medicine, Humans, Mortality, Elective surgery, Pandemics, LS7_4, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Surgical Procedures, Betacoronaviru, Elective Surgical Procedure, Pandemic, Coronavirus Infection, Emergency Medical Service, business.industry, No key words available, Postoperative complication, COVID-19, Retrospective cohort study, Odds ratio, Perioperative, Pneumonia, Surgery, Pneumonia, Viral/complications, Postoperative Complication, business
Abstract: The lancet 396(10243), 27-38 (2020). doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31182-X, Published by Elsevier, London [u.a.]
Published: 2020

21. Juventudes rurales ante el contexto agroindustrial del monocultivo de maíz en Cuquío, Jalisco, México

Author: Sanchez, David Sanchez
Subjects: agricultural innovation, condición juvenil rural, monoculture, rural youth, sustentabilidad, rural youth condition, sustainability, innovación agrícola, juventudes rurales, monocultivo
Abstract: Through the case of the graduates of the Agricultural Innovation Engineering program in the municipality of Cuquío, Jalisco, Mexico, this article explores the limitations and possibilities of young people to influence the agricultural environment in which they live, which is dominated by agro-industrial logics that have promoted a supposed development through corn monoculture. Through in-depth interviews and participant observation, it is analyzed how these young people, who already had some relationship with conventional agriculture since their childhood, upon entering higher education are trained to influence the agricultural development of the region with a sustainable perspective; however, when interacting with their context, they encounter obstacles that make them rethink their role as young people and as professionals, thus showing the socially exclusive and environmentally predatory nature of the global agri-food system in which the rural youth condition is configured A través del caso de las y los egresados de la Ingeniería en Innovación Agrícola en el municipio de Cuquío, Jalisco, México, este artículo explora las limitaciones y posibilidades de las y los jóvenes de incidir en el ámbito agrícola en el que habitan, el cual está dominado por lógicas agroindustriales que han promovido un supuesto desarrollo por medio del monocultivo de maíz. A través de entrevistas a profundidad y observación participante, se analiza cómo tales jóvenes, que ya tenían alguna relación con la agricultura convencional desde su infancia, al ingresar a la educación superior son formados para incidir en el desarrollo agrícola de la región con una perspectiva de sustentabilidad; sin embargo, al interactuar con su contexto, encuentran obstáculos que les hacen replantearse su papel como jóvenes y como profesionistas, mostrando con ello el carácter socialmente excluyente y ambientalmente depredador del sistema agroalimentario mundial en el que se configura la condición juvenil rural.
Published: 2021
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22. The macroeconomic effects of COVID-19 in Spain: A comparative analysis

Author: Iglesias Sanchez, David, Russo, Alberto, and Universitat Jaume I. Departament d'Economia
Subjects: Grado en Economía, Bachelor's Degree in Economics, Grau en Economia
Abstract: Treball Final de Grau en Economia. Codi: EC1049. Curs acadèmic: 2020/2021 The coronavirus pandemic has left our economy in an unprecedented situation. The impact has been massive and global, and although it is expected to be temporary, it could cause structural damage. Some characteristics of our economy, such as the sectoral specialisation of our productive system, the small average size of firms and the high degree of seasonality, make it more vulnerable than other countries. Such a situation initially requires immediate and decisive economic policies. These policies must be limited in time, until employment and economic activity regain momentum after the imposed closure, and coordinated at the international level. The aim is to mitigate the loss of income of households and firms affected by the crisis and to prevent the temporary shock from having lasting effects over time. Fiscal policy is the most appropriate tool for this purpose. Monetary policy must also be active to ensure adequate financing and liquidity conditions for economic agents. Policies should encourage financial institutions to continue to ensure that credit reaches households and firms, thereby maintaining the financial stability of the system. Social policies must also be implemented to help the sectors most affected by the crisis. As the crisis is global, a coordinated response is also needed at the international level. At the European level, a common response is needed, supported by a risk and financial resource sharing mechanism and a global banking union. Once the tipping point of this crisis is passed, economic policies should reduce structural deficits and public debt and promote long-term growth.
Published: 2021

23. The furin cleavage site in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is required for transmission in ferrets

Author: Laury Baillon, Rebecca Frise, Jack A. Hassard, Thomas P. Peacock, Mauro Giacca, Brian Hanley, Wendy S. Barclay, Jonathan Brown, Olivia C. Swann, Raul Y. Sanchez-David, David A. Matthews, Rebecca Penn, Luca Braga, Michael Osborn, Ruthiran Kugathasan, Ecco Staller, Andrew D. Davidson, Maia Kavanagh Williamson, Jie Zhou, and Daniel H. Goldhill
Subjects: INFLUENZA-VIRUS, viruses, Respiratory System, HOST-CELL ENTRY, Virus Replication, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, ACTIVATION, Viral genome packaging, RESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS, 1108 Medical Microbiology, INFECTION, Chlorocebus aethiops, Furin, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, biology, viral transmission, Serine Endopeptidases, RNA-Binding Proteins, Covid19, respiratory system, Cell biology, Virus Shedding, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, 0605 Microbiology, Microbiology (medical), EXPRESSION, Immunology, Endosomes, Cleavage (embryo), Microbiology, Virus, 03 medical and health sciences, Viral entry, Genetics, Animals, Humans, PROTEOLYTIC CLEAVAGE, Vero Cells, TMPRSS2, 030304 developmental biology, Immune Evasion, Science & Technology, virus-host interaction, 030306 microbiology, SARS-CoV-2, fungi, Ferrets, COVID-19, Membrane Proteins, Epithelial Cells, Viral Genome Packaging, Cell Biology, Virus Internalization, Cathepsins, respiratory tract diseases, Viral replication, chemistry, Vero cell, biology.protein, Glycoprotein
Abstract: SARS-CoV-2 entry requires sequential cleavage of the spike glycoprotein at the S1/S2 and the S2' cleavage sites to mediate membrane fusion. SARS-CoV-2 has a polybasic insertion (PRRAR) at the S1/S2 cleavage site that can be cleaved by furin. Using lentiviral pseudotypes and a cell-culture-adapted SARS-CoV-2 virus with an S1/S2 deletion, we show that the polybasic insertion endows SARS-CoV-2 with a selective advantage in lung cells and primary human airway epithelial cells, but impairs replication in Vero E6, a cell line used for passaging SARS-CoV-2. Using engineered spike variants and live virus competition assays and by measuring growth kinetics, we find that the selective advantage in lung and primary human airway epithelial cells depends on the expression of the cell surface protease TMPRSS2, which enables endosome-independent virus entry by a route that avoids antiviral IFITM proteins. SARS-CoV-2 virus lacking the S1/S2 furin cleavage site was shed to lower titres from infected ferrets and was not transmitted to cohoused sentinel animals, unlike wild-type virus. Analysis of 100,000 SARS-CoV-2 sequences derived from patients and 24 human postmortem tissues showed low frequencies of naturally occurring mutants that harbour deletions at the polybasic site. Taken together, our findings reveal that the furin cleavage site is an important determinant of SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
Published: 2021

24. ACE2: The Only Thing That Matters?

Author: Sanchez-David, Raul Y., Swann, Olivia C., Peacock, Thomas P., and Barclay, Wendy S.
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Human coronavirus NL63, biology, business.industry, viruses, Respiratory disease, Editorials, virus diseases, RNA virus, Disease, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, medicine.disease_cause, Virology, Virus, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030228 respiratory system, Pandemic, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, business, Betacoronavirus, Coronavirus
Abstract: In December 2019, cases of a respiratory disease were reported in Hubei Province, China, caused by a positive-sense RNA virus from the family Coronaviridae Subsequently, the disease was called coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) The outcome of infection with SARS-CoV-2 is highly variable;on one hand, the virus has been responsible for more than 360,000 deaths worldwide, and on the other hand, there is a diverse range of clinical outcomes in different people For any virus, infection depends on the ability to 1) enter, 2) evade cellular defenses, 3) hijack host machineries to express viral genes, 4) replicate new genomes, 5) assemble viral particles, and 6) exit For SARS-CoV-2 entry, the primary receptor is ACE2 (angiotensin I--converting enzyme 2), which serves as receptor for SARS-CoV and a human seasonal coronavirus, human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) The physiological role of ACE2 is the regulation of the reninangiotensin hormone system, regulating blood volume, systemic vascular resistance, and cardiovascular homeostasis
Published: 2020

25. Influence of the laser cutting front geometry on the striation formation analysed with high-speed synchrotron X-ray imaging

Author: Lind, Jannik, Hagenlocher, Christian, Blazquez-Sanchez, David, Hummel, Marc Daniel, Olowinsky, A., Weber, Rudolf, and Graf, Thomas
Subjects: ddc:530
Abstract: IOP conference series / Materials science and engineering 1135(1), 012009 (2021). doi:10.1088/1757-899X/1135/1/012009, The generation of low surface roughness of the cut edge during laser beam cutting is a challenge. The striation pattern, which determines the surface roughness, can be distinguished into regular and interrupted striations, the latter resulting in an increased surface roughness. In order to analyse their formation, the space- and time-resolved cutting front geometry and melt film thickness were captured during laser beam fusion cutting of aluminium sheets with a framerate of 1000 Hz by means of high-speed synchrotron X-ray imaging. The comparison of the contours of the cutting fronts for a cut result with regular und interrupted striations shows that the contour fluctuates significantly more in case of interrupted striations. This leads to a strong fluctuation of the local angle of incidence. In addition, the average angle of incidence decreases, which results in an increase of the average absorbed irradiance. Both phenomena, local increase of absorbed irradiance and its dynamic fluctuation, result in a local increase of the melt film thickness at the cutting front which is responsible for the formation of the interrupted striations., Published by Institute of Physics, London [u.a.]
Published: 2021
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26. Controlled human exposures to diesel exhaust: a human epigenome-wide experiment of target bronchial epithelial cells

Author: Cardenas, Andres, Fadadu, Raj P, Van Der Laan, Lars, Ward-Caviness, Cavin, Granger, Louis, Diaz-Sanchez, David, Devlin, Robert B, Bind, Marie-Abèle, and Goodrich, Jaclyn
Subjects: DNA methylation, epigenetics, respiratory health, Prevention, Human Genome, Genetics, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, diesel exhaust, Climate-Related Exposures and Conditions, Generic health relevance, Aetiology, Lung, EWAS
Abstract: Diesel exhaust (DE) is a major contributor to ambient air pollution around the world. It is a known human carcinogen that targets the respiratory system and increases risk for many diseases, but there is limited research on the effects of DE exposure on the epigenome of human bronchial epithelial cells. Understanding the epigenetic impact of this environmental pollutant can elucidate biological mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of harmful DE-related health effects. To estimate the causal effect of short-term DE exposure on the bronchial epithelial epigenome, we conducted a controlled single-blinded randomized crossover human experiment of exposure to DE and used bronchoscopy and Illumina 450K arrays for data collection and analysis, respectively. Of the 13 participants, 11 (85%) were male and 2 (15%) were female, and 12 (92%) were White and one (8%) was Hispanic; the mean age was 26 years (SD = 3.8 years). Eighty CpGs were differentially methylated, achieving the minimum possible exact P-value of P = 2.44 × 10-4 (i.e. 2/213). In regional analyses, we found two differentially methylated regions (DMRs) annotated to the chromosome 5 open reading frame 63 genes (C5orf63; 7-CpGs) and unc-45 myosin chaperone A gene (UNC45A; 5-CpGs). Both DMRs showed increased DNA methylation after DE exposure. The average causal effects for the DMRs ranged from 1.5% to 6.0% increases in DNA methylation at individual CpGs. In conclusion, we found that short-term DE alters DNA methylation of genes in target bronchial epithelial cells, demonstrating epigenetic level effects of exposure that could be implicated in pulmonary pathologies.
Published: 2021

27. In Opposition to Epistemic Modesty

Author: An, Daniel, Han, Andrew, Mansur, Syon, and Sanchez, David
Subjects: Ethics, Philosophy, Twenty-first century, FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to refute the philosophy of epistemic modesty; we attempt to do so through three types of arguments. 1.) By employing the principle of explosion, as well as the telescoping and Taylor polynomial series of calculus to develop logically-backed arguments and scenarios, we evaluate the definitional vagueness of deep content. Through this established logic, we have found that professor Farid Masrour’s concept of deep content implicates the concept of infinitely deeper content; that infinitely deeper content is unnecessary to definitively determine the truth value of certain content; and that infinitely deeper content can be approximated to determine the definitive truth value of certain other content without 100 percent certainty. 2.) Given the context of infinite impacts, religions and philosophies such as Christianity and absolute deontology justify infinite violence under epistemic modesty. Given that an epistemically modest individual would follow the moral advice of someone more knowledgeable about morality and ethics than themselves, we concluded epistemic modesty to be dangerous. Furthermore, we contended that a core tenet of epistemic modesty – cross-paradigm comparison – is impossible due to the lack of a consistent locus of value between various philosophies. 3.) By applying an alternative epistemological school of thought in order to solve the unhooking problem presented by Masrour, we argue that epistemic modesty is unneeded to detach ordinary projects from anti-skeptical ones. Specifically, epistemic disjunctivism, an immodest epistemology, provides the same advantage in regards to the unhooking problem while aligning more closely to contemporary linguistic norms. The conclusion is that epistemic modesty is implausible as a philosophy.
Published: 2021
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28. Mathematical Modeling of Cluster Dynamics

Author: Cecco, Alexandra De, Dufour, Guillaume, Sanchez, David, ONERA / DTIS, Université de Toulouse [Toulouse], ONERA-PRES Université de Toulouse, Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse UMR5219 (IMT), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 68M10, 68M20, Fluid models, Kinetic models, 35F50, 35Q94, Numerical simulation, Cluster network 2000 MSC: 35Q68, [MATH]Mathematics [math], Computational Grid
Abstract: This paper deals with the modeling and the numerical simulation of computational cluster networks (grid) dynamics and is more precisely focused on the management of the computational load offered by transferring jobs from one cluster to another. In order to tackle the complexity arising from dealing with the sheer number of processes existing in the system, we develop a comprehensive model of the global population of jobs using the kinetic theory. It takes into account the main characteristics of the clusters, their interactions and allows for a thorough description of the jobs. We then study the resulting system of macroscopic conservation laws and illustrate numerically its ability to capture some interesting behaviors of the grid. This model allows for real-time insight of the performance of a given policy for load management in the grid.
Published: 2021

29. Additional file 1 of The influence of dietary intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the association between short-term exposure to ambient nitrogen dioxide and respiratory and cardiovascular outcomes among healthy adults

Author: Chen, Hao, Zhang, Siqi, Shen, Wan, Salazar, Claudia, Schneider, Alexandra, Wyatt, Lauren, Rappold, Ana G., Diaz-Sanchez, David, Devlin, Robert B., Samet, James M., and Tong, Haiyan
Abstract: Additional file 1. Additional Figure 1 and Table 1-10.
Published: 2021
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30. Additional file 1 of Health impacts of a randomized biomass cookstove intervention in northern Ghana

Author: Abdo, Mona, Kanyomse, Ernest, Alirigia, Rex, Coffey, Evan R., Piedrahita, Ricardo, Diaz-Sanchez, David, Hagar, Yolanda, Naumenko, Daniel J., Wiedinmyer, Christine, Hannigan, Michael P., Oduro, Abraham Rexford, and Dickinson, Katherine L.
Subjects: Data_FILES
Abstract: Additional file 1.
Published: 2021
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31. Observation of burst activity from SGR1935+2154 associated to first galactic FRB with H.E.S.S

Author: Abdalla, Hassan, Aharonian, Felix, Barbosa Martins, Victor, Lenain, Jean-Philippe, Leuschner, Fabian, Levy, Christelle, Lohse, Thomas, Luashvili, Anna, Lypova, Iryna, Mackey, Jonathan, Majumdar, Jhilik, Malyshev, Denys, Malyshev, Dmitry, Barnacka, Anna, Marandon, Vincent, Marchegiani, Paolo, Marcowith, Alexandre, Mares, Arnaud, Martí-Devesa, Guillem, Marx, Ramin, Maurin, Gilles, Meintjes, Pieter, Meyer, Manuel, Mitchell, Alison, Barnard, Monica, Moderski, Rafal, Mohrmann, Lars, Montanari, Alessandro, Moore, Chris, Morris, Paul, Moulin, Emmanuel, Muller, Jacques, Murach, Thomas, Nakashima, Kaori, Naurois , Mathieu, Batzofin, Rowan, Nayerhoda, Amid, Davids, Hambeleleni, Niemiec, Jacek, Noel, Angel, O'Brien, Paul, Oberholzer, Laenita Lorraine, Ohm, Stefan, Olivera-Nieto, Laura, Ona-Wilhelmi , Emma, Ostrowski, Michal, Becherini, Yvonne, Panny, Sebastian, Panter, Michael, Parsons, Dan, Peron, Giada, Pita, Santiago, Poireau, Vincent, Prokhorov, Dmitry, Prokoph, Heike, PUEHLHOFER, Gerd, Punch, Michael, Berge, David, Quirrenbach, Andreas, Reichherzer, Patrick, Reimer, Anita, Reimer, Olaf, Remy, Quentin, Renaud, Matthieu, Reville, Brian, Rieger, Frank, Romoli, Carlo, Rowell, Gavin, Bernloehr, Konrad, Rudak, Bronislaw, Rueda Ricarte, Hector, Ruiz Velasco, Edna, Sahakian, Vardan, Sailer, Simon, Salzmann, Heiko, Sanchez, David, Santangelo, Andrea, Sasaki, Manami, Schaefer, Johannes, Bi, Baiyang, Schutte, Hester, Schwanke, Ullrich, Schüssler, Fabian, Senniappan, Mohanraj, Seyffert, Albert, Shapopi, Jimmy N. S., Shiningayamwe, Kleopas, Simoni, Rachel, Sinha, Atreyee, Sol, Helene, Böttcher, Markus, Spackman, Hugh, Specovius, Andreas, Spencer, Samuel Timothy, Spir-Jacob, Marion, Stawarz, Lukasz, Steenkamp, Riaan, Stegmann, Christian, Steinmassl, Simon, Steppa, Constantin, Sun, Lei, Boisson, Catherine, Takahashi, Tadayuki, Tanaka, Takaaki, Tavernier, Thomas, Taylor, Andrew, Terrier, Regis, Thiersen, Hannes, Thorpe-Morgan, Charles, Tluczykont, Martin, Tomankova, Lenka, Tsirou, Michelle, Ait-Benkhali, Faical, Bolmont, Julien, Tsuji, Naomi, Tuffs, Richard, Uchiyama, Yasunobu, van der Walt, Johann, van Eldik, Christopher, van Rensburg, Carlo, van Soelen, Brian, Vasileiadis, George, Veh, Johannes, Venter, Christo, Bony , Mathieu, Vincent, Pascal, Vink, Jacco, Völk, Heinrich J., Wagner, Stefan, Watson, Jason John, Werner, Felix, White, Richard, Wierzcholska, Alicja, Wong, Yu Wun, Yassin, Hend Mahmoud, Breuhaus, Mischa, Yusafzai, Anke, Zacharias, Michael, Zanin, Roberta, Zargaryan, Davit, Zdziarski, Andrzej, Zech, Andreas, Zhu, Sylvia, Zmija, Andreas, Zouari, Samuel, Żywucka, Natalia, Brose, Robert, H. E. S. S. Collaboration, Brun, Francois, Bulik, Tomasz, Bylund, Thomas, Cangemi, Floriane, Caroff, Sami, Casanova, Sabrina, Anguener, Oguzhan, Catalano, Jaqueline, Chambery, Pauline, Chand, Tej Bahadur, Chen, Andrew, Cotter, Garret, Curlo, Malgorzata, Dalgleish, Hannah, Damascene Mbarubucyeye, Jean, Davids, Isak Delberth, Davies, James, Arcaro, Cornelia, Devin, Justine, Djannati-Ataï, Arache, Dmytriev, Anton, Donath, Axel, Doroshenko, Victor, Dreyer, Lente, Du Plessis, Louis, Duffy, Connor, Egberts, Kathrin, Einecke, Sabrina, Armand, Celine, ERNENWEIN, Jean-Pierre, Fegan, Steven, Feijen, Kirsty, Fiasson, Armand, Fichet de Clairfontaine, Gaëtan, Fontaine, Gerard, Frans, Lott, Fuessling, Matthias, Funk, Stefan, Gabici, Stefano, Armstrong, Tom, Gallant, Yves, Giavitto, Gianluca, Giunti, Luca, Glawion, Dorit, Glicenstein, Jean-Francois, Grondin, Marie-Hélène, Hattingh, Sumari, Haupt, Maria, HERMANN, German, Hinton, Jim, Ashkar, Halim, Hofmann, Werner, Hoischen, Clemens, Holch, Tim, Holler, Markus, Horns, Dieter, Huang, Zhi-Qiu, Huber, David, Hörbe, Mario, Jamrozy, Marek, Jankowsky, Felix, Backes, Michael, Joshi, Vikas, JUNG, Ira, Kasai, Eli, Katarzynski, Krzysztof, Katz, Ulì, Khangulyan, Dmitry, Khelifi, Bruno, Klepser, Stefan, Kluzniak, Wlodek, Komin, Nukri, Baghmanyan, Vardan, Konno, Ruslan, Kosack, Karl, Kostiunin, Dmitriy, Kreter, Michael, Kukec Mezek, Gašper, Kundu, Anu, Lamanna, Giovanni, Le Stum, Sébastien, Lemiere, Anne, Lemoine-Goumard, Marianne, Naurois , Mathieu, Bony , Mathieu, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, and H.E.S.S.
Subjects: Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Brightness, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, atmosphere [Cherenkov counter], Soft gamma repeater, FOS: Physical sciences, burst [gamma ray], X-ray: burst, Astrophysics, gamma ray: burst, Cherenkov counter: atmosphere, Magnetar, Radio spectrum, Observational evidence, Pulsar, ddc:530, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Cherenkov radiation, burst [X-ray]
Abstract: 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC2021, Berlin, Germany - Online, 12 Jul 2021 - 23 Jul 2021; Proceedings of Science / International School for Advanced Studies (ICRC2021), 777 (2021). doi:10.22323/1.395.0777, Fast radio bursts (FRB) are enigmatic powerful single radio pulses with durations of several milliseconds and high brightness temperatures suggesting coherent emission mechanism. For the time being a number of extragalactic FRBs have been detected in the high-frequency radio band including repeating ones. The most plausible explanation for these phenomena is magnetar hyperflares. The first observational evidence of this scenario was obtained in April 2020 when an FRB was detected from the direction of the Galactic magnetar and soft gamma repeater SGR1935+2154. The FRB was preceded with a number of soft gamma-ray bursts observed by Swift-BAT satellite, which triggered the follow-up program of the H.E.S.S. imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs). H.E.S.S. has observed SGR1935+2154 over a 2 hour window few hours prior to the FRB detection by STARE2 and CHIME. The observations overlapped with other X-ray bursts from the magnetar detected by INTEGRAL and Swift-BAT, thus providing first observations of a magnetar in a flaring state in the very-high energy domain. We present the analysis of these observations, discuss the obtained results and prospects of the H.E.S.S. follow-up program for soft gamma repeaters and anomalous X-ray pulsars., Published by SISSA, Trieste
Published: 2021
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32. Construcción automática de características para segmentación de imágenes de pulmones afectados por COVID-19 utilizando programación genética

Author: Herrera Sanchez, David, Acosta Mesa, Héctor Gabriel, and Menzura Montes, Efrén
Subjects: Inteligencia computacional, Pulmones--Enfermedades, Diagnósticos por imágenes, COVID 19
Abstract: Mediante el uso de programación genética y bajo el enfoque de representación de árbol crear una función capaz de construir características para segmentar de manera competitiva imágenes de tomografías computarizadas de pulmones y así determinar el área afectada por COVID-19.
Published: 2021

33. Additional file 2 of Health impacts of a randomized biomass cookstove intervention in northern Ghana

Author: Abdo, Mona, Kanyomse, Ernest, Alirigia, Rex, Coffey, Evan R., Piedrahita, Ricardo, Diaz-Sanchez, David, Hagar, Yolanda, Naumenko, Daniel J., Wiedinmyer, Christine, Hannigan, Michael P., Oduro, Abraham Rexford, and Dickinson, Katherine L.
Subjects: Data_FILES
Abstract: Additional file 2.
Published: 2021
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34. Developing Students’ Communication in Technical English with Project Based Learning Methodology 1

Author: porras soriano, rocio, Lozano-Galant, Jose Antonio, Romero, Vicente, Castillo, Carmen, Ruiz, Rita, Poveda, Elisa, Asensio, Laura, Moyano, Amparo, Sanchez, David, Sánchez-Cambronero, Santos, Yustres, Ángel, and Tarifa, Manuel
Subjects: ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION, Engineering, Multidisciplinary, Education & Educational Research
Abstract: Technical communication is an extremely important soft skill for civil engineers at the workplace. Due to globalization trends this technical communication often should be performed in English. If we join the fact that undergraduate engineering programs in Spain have been taught exclusively in Spanish, with which in addition, in rare cases those programs provide intentionally placed discipline-specific technical communication experiences, this all amounts to a major problem, regarded as an obstacle that limit undergraduates’ opportunities to work abroad. Aware of this problem, some schools provide their students with a brief course on “Technical English”. However, this course does not cover all the skills that the student would need in the labour market, such as speaking and listening abilities. This paper promotes an innovative teaching methodology that allows Spanish Civil Engineering students to hone English communication skills through “Lunch&Movies” sessions. In each session a documentary about technical Civil Engineering topics is shown. After the screening, students work in small inter-cohort groups with a guiding lecturer. These groups debate on different questions related to the video, encouraging participation, and fostering their self-confidence to talk about technical English topics in public. Different surveys were developed to demonstrate the students’ interest in learning technical English, and to evaluate the benefit for the attendees and their achievements. The results show that the students are conscious of the importance of technical English for their future careers, and most of them improved their initial level as the sessions progressed and they gained confidence in the foreign language. Also, through a pilot subject in English, it was demonstrated that the participants of the “Lunch&Movies” sessions obtained better oral qualifications than those who did not participate. In fact, the overall results indicated that Lunch & Movie sessions can improve students' technical oral skills as well as their own perceptions of their abilities.
Published: 2020

35. The furin cleavage site in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is required for transmission in ferrets

Author: Thomas P, Peacock, Daniel H, Goldhill, Jie, Zhou, Laury, Baillon, Rebecca, Frise, Olivia C, Swann, Ruthiran, Kugathasan, Rebecca, Penn, Jonathan C, Brown, Raul Y, Sanchez-David, Luca, Braga, Maia Kavanagh, Williamson, Jack A, Hassard, Ecco, Staller, Brian, Hanley, Michael, Osborn, Mauro, Giacca, Andrew D, Davidson, David A, Matthews, and Wendy S, Barclay
Subjects: Furin, SARS-CoV-2, Respiratory System, Serine Endopeptidases, Ferrets, COVID-19, Membrane Proteins, RNA-Binding Proteins, Epithelial Cells, Viral Genome Packaging, Endosomes, Virus Internalization, Virus Replication, Cathepsins, Virus Shedding, Chlorocebus aethiops, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus, Animals, Humans, Vero Cells, Immune Evasion
Abstract: SARS-CoV-2 entry requires sequential cleavage of the spike glycoprotein at the S1/S2 and the S2' cleavage sites to mediate membrane fusion. SARS-CoV-2 has a polybasic insertion (PRRAR) at the S1/S2 cleavage site that can be cleaved by furin. Using lentiviral pseudotypes and a cell-culture-adapted SARS-CoV-2 virus with an S1/S2 deletion, we show that the polybasic insertion endows SARS-CoV-2 with a selective advantage in lung cells and primary human airway epithelial cells, but impairs replication in Vero E6, a cell line used for passaging SARS-CoV-2. Using engineered spike variants and live virus competition assays and by measuring growth kinetics, we find that the selective advantage in lung and primary human airway epithelial cells depends on the expression of the cell surface protease TMPRSS2, which enables endosome-independent virus entry by a route that avoids antiviral IFITM proteins. SARS-CoV-2 virus lacking the S1/S2 furin cleavage site was shed to lower titres from infected ferrets and was not transmitted to cohoused sentinel animals, unlike wild-type virus. Analysis of 100,000 SARS-CoV-2 sequences derived from patients and 24 human postmortem tissues showed low frequencies of naturally occurring mutants that harbour deletions at the polybasic site. Taken together, our findings reveal that the furin cleavage site is an important determinant of SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
Published: 2020

36. The furin cleavage site of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is a key determinant for transmission due to enhanced replication in airway cells

Author: Thomas P. Peacock, Daniel H. Goldhill, Jie Zhou, Laury Baillon, Rebecca Frise, Olivia C. Swann, Ruthiran Kugathasan, Rebecca Penn, Jonathan C. Brown, Raul Y. Sanchez-David, Luca Braga, Maia Kavanagh Williamson, Jack A. Hassard, Ecco Staller, Brian Hanley, Michael Osborn, Mauro Giacca, Andrew D. Davidson, David A. Matthews, and Wendy S. Barclay
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, biology, Chemistry, Endosome, viruses, fungi, Lipid bilayer fusion, respiratory system, Cleavage (embryo), Virus, respiratory tract diseases, Cell biology, Viral entry, Cell culture, biology.protein, Glycoprotein, Furin
Abstract: SummarySARS-CoV-2 enters cells via its spike glycoprotein which must be cleaved sequentially at the S1/S2, then the S2’ cleavage sites (CS) to mediate membrane fusion. SARS-CoV-2 has a unique polybasic insertion at the S1/S2 CS, which we demonstrate can be cleaved by furin. Using lentiviral pseudotypes and a cell-culture adapted SARS-CoV-2 virus with a S1/S2 deletion, we show that the polybasic insertion is selected for in lung cells and primary human airway epithelial cultures but selected against in Vero E6, a cell line used for passaging SARS-CoV-2. We find this selective advantage depends on expression of the cell surface protease, TMPRSS2, that allows virus entry independent of endosomes thus avoiding antiviral IFITM proteins. SARS-CoV-2 virus lacking the S1/S2 furin CS was shed to lower titres from infected ferrets and was not transmitted to cohoused sentinel animals. Thus, the polybasic CS is a key determinant for efficient SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
Published: 2020

37. Termoelectricidad cu\'antica: conversi\'on de energ\'ia a escala nanom\'etrica

Author: Sanchez, David and Sanchez, Rafael
Subjects: Physics - Popular Physics
Abstract: Thermoelectricity describes phenomena that allow us to convert heat into electricity and vice versa. The practical implications of this conversion are obvious. However, research on thermoelectric effects also leads to a deep understanding of the electronic properties in conductive materials. In this paper, we discuss the most interesting results obtained recently in ultrasmall conductors, where the electronic behavior is purely quantum and classical theories of thermoelectricity are thus to be revised in detail., Comment: In Spanish. 12 pages, 3 figures. Published version can be freely downloaded from http://revistadefisica.es/index.php/ref/article/view/2596
Published: 2020

38. Public demonstration phase and data delivery report

Author: Daura Albeldo, Xavier, Porcuna Sanchez, David, Wimmer, Yannick, Adaktylos, Anna, Duym, Stefaan, Solmaz, Selim, Rudigier, Martin, Mischinger, Marlies, and Reckenzaun, Jakob
Subjects: traffic scenarios, evaluation, data, demonstration, control algorithms, Data delivery report, methodology, testing
Abstract: This deliverable focuses on the integration and demonstration of INFRAMIX developments at the two test sites as well as at the proving ground and, on the data delivery report, including a description of the collected and aggregated data, following the procedure described in the document "Field Tests: Terms of reference". The main objectives are listed below: Define a common methodology for demonstration and testing; integrate and test the modules delivered by WP2 and WP3 at the two test sites; demonstrate the three selected traffic scenarios within the test sites, including mixed traffic estimation and control algorithms; collect data and experiences from the demonstrations and deliver it to WP5 for its evaluation.
Published: 2020
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39. Optimising airline maintenance scheduling decisions

Author: Torres Sanchez, David
Subjects: ComputerApplications_COMPUTERSINOTHERSYSTEMS
Abstract: Airline maintenance scheduling (AMS) studies how plans or schedules are constructed to ensure that a fleet is efficiently maintained and that airline operational demands are met. Additionally, such schedules must take into consideration the different regulations airlines are subject to, while minimising maintenance costs. In this thesis, we study different formulations, solution methods, and modelling considerations, for the AMS and related problems to propose two main contributions. First, we present a new type of multi-objective mixed integer linear programming formulation which challenges traditional time discretisation. Employing the concept of time intervals, we efficiently model the airline maintenance scheduling problem with tail assignment considerations. With a focus on workshop resource allocation and individual aircraft flight operations, and the use of a custom iterative algorithm, we solve large and long-term real-world instances (16000 flights, 529 aircraft, 8 maintenance workshops) in reasonable computational time. Moreover, we provide evidence to suggest, that our framework provides near-optimal solutions, and that inter-airline cooperation is beneficial for workshops. Second, we propose a new hybrid solution procedure to solve the aircraft recovery problem. Here, we study how to re-schedule flights and re-assign aircraft to these, to resume airline operations after an unforeseen disruption. We do so while taking operational restrictions into account. Specifically, restrictions on aircraft, maintenance, crew duty, and passenger delay are accounted for. The flexibility of the approach allows for further operational restrictions to be easily introduced. The hybrid solution procedure involves the combination of column generation with learning-based hyperheuristics. The latter, adaptively selects exact or metaheuristic algorithms to generate columns. The five different algorithms implemented, two of which we developed, were collected and released as a Python package (Torres Sanchez, 2020). Findings suggest that the framework produces fast and insightful recovery solutions.
Published: 2020
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40. Samenvattingen Fusarium

Author: de Nijs, W.C.M., Torres Sanchez, David, Ordonez Roman, N.I., Maryani Martawi, N., Meijer, H.J.G., Seidl, M.F., and Kema, G.H.J.
Subjects: Biointeractions and Plant Health, BU Contaminants & Toxins, Laboratory of Phytopathology, BU Contaminanten & Toxines, food and beverages, EPS, Laboratorium voor Phytopathologie
Published: 2020

41. Los Estudios Sociales de cara a la Historia: Provocaciones para un debate urgente

Author: González Sanchez, David E.
Subjects: social studies, pedagogía, curriculum, history, currículo, historia, teaching, estudios sociales
Abstract: This essay proposes to discuss the meanings that have been given to social studies at the School of History of the National University of Costa Rica, particularly in the speeches present in the study programs and academic articles. The main question is what exactly means social studies beyond its traditional notion as a school subject matter To attempt an answer, I propose the thesis that Social Studies have not achieved their own academic development by being subordinated to historical discipline as a hegemonic epistemic field that instrumentalizes pedagogy by limiting the understanding of what history and social learning implies. For this, I expose three existing tensions in the history-social studies relationship. I conclude that it is not enough to establish research agendas without facing the problem of epistemic subordination that leads to the constitution of a theoretical framework that assumes the problem of teaching and learning of history and the social. Finally, I outline a strategy of reflection and epistemic reconstruction consistent with the consolidation of social studies as a research and action area with its own identity and open to horizontal dialogue with the other disciplines involved in its development. Este ensayo propone discutir los significados que se le han otorgado a los estudios sociales en la Escuela de Historia de la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, particularmente a los discursos presentes en programas de estudio entre 1979 y 2016. La discusión parte de la pregunta ¿qué significan los estudios sociales en el ámbito académico, más allá de su definición como asignatura escolar? Ante esto, propongo la tesis de que los Estudios Sociales no han logrado un desarrollo académico propio al encontrarse subordinados a la disciplina histórica en lo que llamo campo epistémico hegemónico, que instrumentaliza la pedagogía al limitar su acción a la transmisión de conocimientos disciplinares. Para respaldar la tesis argumento que existen tres tensiones en la relación Historia-Estudios Sociales que ofrecen evidencia de la subordinación. Concluyo que no basta con establecer agendas de investigación sin enfrentar el problema de subordinación epistémica que conlleve a la constitución de un marco de referencia teórico particular que asuma el problema de la enseñanza y aprendizaje de la historia y de lo social. Finalmente, planteo la necesidad de una estrategia de reflexión y de reconstrucción epistémica congruente con la consolidación de los Estudios Sociales como área de investigación y de acción con identidad propia y abierta al diálogo horizontal con las demás disciplinas involucradas en su desarrollo
Published: 2020

42. Coevolutionary Governance of Antibiotic and Pesticide Resistance

Author: Søgaard Jørgensen, Peter, Folke, Carl, Henriksson, Patrik J.G., Malmros, Karin, Troell, Max, Zorzet, Anna, Atkipis, Athena, Brown, Zachary, Carrière, Yves, Downes, Sharon, Dunn, Robert R., Esptein, Graham, Frisvold, George B., Hawthorne, David, Gröhn, Yrjö T., Gujar, Govind Tikaramasa, Jasovský, Dušan, Klein, Eili Y., Klein, Franziska, Lhermie, Guillaume, Mota-Sanchez, David, Omoto, Celso, Schlüter, Maja, Scott, H. Morgan, Wernli, Didier, and Carroll, Scott P.
Subjects: Sustainable development, Consumption (economics), Pesticide resistance, Resistance (ecology), Corporate governance, 010501 environmental sciences, Collective action, Miljövetenskap, 01 natural sciences, Anti-Bacterial Agents, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Antibiotic resistance, ddc:320, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Improved sanitation, Pesticides, Environmental planning, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Environmental Sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Disinfectants
Abstract: Development of new biocides has dominated human responses to evolution of antibiotic and pesticide resistance. Increasing and uniform biocide use, the spread of resistance genes, and the lack of new classes of compounds indicate the importance of navigating toward more sustainable coevolutionary dynamics between human culture and species that evolve resistance. To inform this challenge, we introduce the concept of coevolutionary governance and propose three priorities for its implementation: (i) new norms and mental models for lowering use, (ii) diversifying practices to reduce directional selection, and (iii) investment in collective action institutions to govern connectivity. We highlight the availability of solutions that facilitate broader sustainable development, which for antibiotic resistance include improved sanitation and hygiene, strong health systems, and decreased meat consumption.
Published: 2020

43. Samenvattingen Fusarium

Author: de Nijs, W.C.M., Torres Sanchez, David, Ordonez Roman, N.I., Maryani Martawi, N., Meijer, H.J.G., Seidl, M.F., and Kema, G.H.J.
Subjects: Life Science
Published: 2020

44. Algorithmic bias in social research: A meta-analysis

Author: Thiem, Alrik, Mkrtchyan, Lusine, Haesebrouck, Tim, Sanchez, David, and Meloni, Sandro
Subjects: Science and Technology Workforce, Social Sciences, Inference, Careers in Research, Electronics Engineering, Sociology, 0504 sociology, 050602 political science & public administration, Natural (music), Social Research, Multidisciplinary, Qualitative comparative analysis, Applied Mathematics, Simulation and Modeling, 05 social sciences, SCIENCE, Reproducibility, 0506 political science, Social research, Professions, Research Design, Meta-analysis, Scale (social sciences), Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology, Medicine, MINIMIZATION, Algorithms, Electrical Engineering, Research Article, Optimization, Science Policy, Science, Replication, Context (language use), Qualitative Comparative Analysis, Research and Analysis Methods, Bias, CAUSAL, LOGIC, Reproducibility of Results, 050401 social sciences methods, Data science, Replication (computing), Logic Circuits, People and Places, Scientists, Population Groupings, INFERENCE, Mathematics, Electrical Circuits
Abstract: Both the natural and the social sciences are currently facing a deep "reproducibility crisis". Two important factors in this crisis have been the selective reporting of results and methodological problems. In this article, we examine a fusion of these two factors. More specifically, we demonstrate that the uncritical import of Boolean optimization algorithms from electrical engineering into some areas of the social sciences in the late 1980s has induced algorithmic bias on a considerable scale over the last quarter century. Potentially affected are all studies that have used a method nowadays known as Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA). Drawing on replication material for 215 peer-reviewed QCA articles from across 109 high-profile management, political science and sociology journals, we estimate the extent this problem has assumed in empirical work. Our results suggest that one in three studies is affected, one in ten severely so. More generally, our article cautions scientists against letting methods and algorithms travel too easily across disparate disciplines without sufficient prior evaluation of their suitability for the context in hand.
Published: 2020

45. Elucidating the Interactions between Influenza Virus Polymerase and Host Factor ANP32A

Author: Jocelyn Schreyer, Bhakti Mistry, Jason S. Long, Ecco Staller, Wendy S. Barclay, and Raul Y. Sanchez-David
Subjects: viruses, Immunology, Population, host factor, medicine.disease_cause, Virus Replication, Microbiology, Virus, Host Specificity, Avian Proteins, 03 medical and health sciences, Viral Proteins, Orthomyxoviridae Infections, Virology, Influenza, Human, Influenza A virus, medicine, Animals, Humans, Immunoprecipitation, Luciferase, Amino Acid Sequence, education, Luciferases, Polymerase, 030304 developmental biology, Host factor, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, biology, 030306 microbiology, Nuclear Proteins, RNA-Binding Proteins, Processivity, RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase, 3. Good health, Virus-Cell Interactions, polymerase, HEK293 Cells, Viral replication, Insect Science, Influenza in Birds, biology.protein, RNA, Viral, influenza, Chickens
Abstract: Successful zoonotic transmission of influenza A virus into humans can lead to pandemics in an immunologically naive population. Host-encoded ANP32A proteins are required to support influenza A virus polymerase activity, and species differences in ANP32A can restrict the host range of influenza virus. Understanding how ANP32A proteins support the viral polymerase and how differences in ANP32A affect the ability of the polymerase to coopt these proteins will enhance our understanding of viral replication and species restriction as well as suggesting targeted antiviral approaches to treat influenza virus infection., The avian-origin influenza A virus polymerase is restricted in human cells. This restriction has been associated with species differences in host factor ANP32A. Avian ANP32A supports the activity of an avian-origin polymerase. However, the avian-origin polymerase is incompatible with human ANP32A. Avian ANP32A proteins harbor an additional 33 amino acids compared to human ANP32A proteins, which are crucial for their ability to support the avian-origin influenza virus polymerase. Here, we elucidate the interactions between ANP32A proteins and the influenza A virus polymerase using split luciferase complementation assays, coimmunoprecipitation, and in situ split Venus interaction assays. We show greater interaction of chicken ANP32A than human ANP32A with the viral polymerase and visualize these interactions in situ in the cell nucleus. We demonstrate that the 33 amino acids of chicken ANP32A and the PB2 627 domain of viral polymerase complex both contribute to this enhanced interaction. Finally, we show how these interactions are affected by the presence of viral RNA and the processivity of the polymerase, giving insights into the way that ANP32A might act during virus infection. IMPORTANCE Successful zoonotic transmission of influenza A virus into humans can lead to pandemics in an immunologically naive population. Host-encoded ANP32A proteins are required to support influenza A virus polymerase activity, and species differences in ANP32A can restrict the host range of influenza virus. Understanding how ANP32A proteins support the viral polymerase and how differences in ANP32A affect the ability of the polymerase to coopt these proteins will enhance our understanding of viral replication and species restriction as well as suggesting targeted antiviral approaches to treat influenza virus infection.
Published: 2020

46. Termoelectricidad cu��ntica: conversi��n de energ��a a escala nanom��trica

Author: Sanchez, David and Sanchez, Rafael
Subjects: FOS: Physical sciences, Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
Abstract: Thermoelectricity describes phenomena that allow us to convert heat into electricity and vice versa. The practical implications of this conversion are obvious. However, research on thermoelectric effects also leads to a deep understanding of the electronic properties in conductive materials. In this paper, we discuss the most interesting results obtained recently in ultrasmall conductors, where the electronic behavior is purely quantum and classical theories of thermoelectricity are thus to be revised in detail., In Spanish. 12 pages, 3 figures. Published version can be freely downloaded from http://revistadefisica.es/index.php/ref/article/view/2596
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

47. Additional file 1 of Low levels of fine particulate matter increase vascular damage and reduce pulmonary function in young healthy adults

Author: Wyatt, Lauren H., Devlin, Robert B., Rappold, Ana G., Case, Martin W., and Diaz-Sanchez, David
Abstract: Additional file 1: Table S1. Subject level demographic and PM2.5 concentration data.
Published: 2020
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48. Short-term Effects of Fine Particulate Matter on Heart Rate in Heart Failure Patients

Author: Breen, Miyuki, Cascio, Wayne, Moyer, Joshua, Schwartz, Joel, Di, Qian, Pfaff, Emily, Devlin, Robert, Diaz-Sanchez, David, and Cavin Ward-Caviness
Subjects: Toxicology
Abstract: Presentation to the International Society of Environmental Epidemiology 2020 Virtual Meeting (ISEE) August 2020
Published: 2020
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49. Nanostructure engineering of epitaxial piezoelectric α-quartz thin films on silicon

Author: Zhang, Qianzhe, Sanchez, David, Desgarceaux, Rudy, Gomez, A., Escofet-Majoral, Pau, Oró-Soler, J, Gàzquez, J., Larrieu, G., Charlot, Benoit, Gich, M, Carretero-Genevrier, Adrian, Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse UMR5219 (IMT), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d’Electronique et des Systèmes (IES), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation (GEPI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN) - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN), Techniques of Informatics and Microelectronics for integrated systems Architecture (TIMA), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Matériaux, MicroCapteurs et Acoustique (M2A), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Techniques de l'Informatique et de la Microélectronique pour l'Architecture des systèmes intégrés (TIMA), and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])
Subjects: nanostructuration, piezoelectricity, thin films, epitaxial growth, silicon, Quartz, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry
Abstract: The monolithic integration of sub-micron quartz structures on silicon substrates is a key issue for the future development of telecommunication to the GHz frequencies. Here we report unprecedented large-scale fabrication of ordered arrays of piezoelectric epitaxial quartz nanostructures on silicon substrates by the combination of soft-chemistry and three cost effective lithographic techniques: (i) laser transfer lithography, (ii) soft nanoimprint lithography on Sr-doped SiO2 sol-gel thin films and (iii) self-assembled SrCO3 nanoparticles reactive nanomasks. Epitaxial α-quartz nanopillars with different diameters (down to 50 nm) and heights (up to 2000 nm) were obtained for the first time. This work proves the control over the shape, micro-and nano-patterning of quartz thin films while preserving its crystallinity, texture and piezoelectricity. This work opens up the opportunity to fabricate new high frequency resonators and high sensitivity sensors relevant in different fields of application.
Published: 2019

50. Evaluation of the possibility of having night public transportation weekends in Bogotá

Author: Molina Sanchez, David Ricardo, Camargo Vogel, Andrés Alberto, and León Velásquez, Elizabeth
Subjects: Infrastructure, Oferta y demanda, Service, Infraestructura (Economía), Habitantes, Population, Demanda, Infraestructura, Transporte público, Demand, Inseguridad (Problema social), Public transport, Servicio, Crecimiento y desarrollo
Abstract: Cada ciudad capital del mundo se encuentra en constante desarrollo por obligación pues los habitantes demandan necesidades y los gobiernos están para intentar satisfacerlos. En Bogotá se ha podido ver los cambios de infraestructura que la ciudad tiene, uno de ellos es el transporte masivo público que por años se ha necesitado y por ahora no tenemos. Bogotá como capital no tiene contentos a sus habitantes por el transporte público porque la oferta supera la demanda y el servicio en general no es apropiado para esta ciudad, el sistema público nocturno no cuenta con un servicio nocturno que supla o cubra las necesidades de los Bogotanos. Each capital city in the world constantly is in develop because it must make happy to population cause government is to try to fulfill them. In Bogotá it has seen the infrastructure changes that city have, one of them is public transport for years it has needed and we dont have it. Bogotá like capital does not give happiness to their population for the public transport that demand gets over offer and the service is not suitable to the city, night public transport does not have a service that cover Bogotan´s requierement. Especialista en Gerencia de Proyectos
Published: 2019

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