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Like most other ocean basins, the maximum sea surface salinity region (MSR) in the South Atlantic shows a large displacement from the region of maximum difference between evaporation and precipitation (E-P), suggesting that ocean processes play a key role in determining the location of the MSR. We use outputs from a general circulation model (ECCO v4r3) to analyze the mixed layer salinity balance and disentangle the interaction of atmospheric forcing and oceanic processes in both regions. The MSR balance is dominated by evaporative surface fluxes and entrainment, while advection and diffusion play a secondary role. On the other hand, in the region of maximum E-P, the high surface freshwater loss is partially compensated by horizontal advection of low salinity waters, which is responsible for decreasing the salinity below that observed in the MSR. Using a particle tracking model, we find that MSR waters originate mostly from re-circulation in the Tropical South Atlantic and from the Tropical North Atlantic and Indian Oceans. After reaching the MSR, most of those waters flow southward in austral summer along the Brazil Current (1.6 Sv, 1 Sv = 106 m3 s−1), and northward in winter along the North Brazil Current (3.5 Sv). This seasonal variability in the fate of the salty water is modulated by the seasonal migration of the South Equatorial Current bifurcation region. Tracking of particles released at the base of the MSR mixed layer shows a subducted salt river with an estimated transport of 2.6 Sv on the 25.2 kg m−3 neutral density surface that flows northward along the North Brazil Current and retroflects just north of the equator as part of the Equatorial Undercurrent. These high-salinity waters are a significant contributor to the upper limb of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and the eastern Tropical Atlantic and their variability. Fil: Aubone, N.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos; Argentina Fil: Palma, Elbio Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía; Argentina Fil: Piola, Alberto Ricardo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos; Argentina. Ministerio de Defensa. Armada Argentina. Servicio de Hidrografía Naval; Argentina. Instituto Franco-argentino sobre Estudios del Clima y sus Impactos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Site AZ T:12:206(ASM), formerly AZ T:12:54(ASU), represents agricultural field cells, lateral canals, and an artifact scatter on an alluvial terrace above the north bank of the Salt River in Maricopa County, Arizona. Given its proximity, Site AZ T:12:206 may be an extension of the previously recorded village Site AZ T:12:52(ASM). During Phase II data recovery of the site, WestLand Resources, Inc. revealed prehistoric lateral canals (running more-or-less parallel to the Salt River) in association with agricultural field cells, which appear to be associated with the late Sacaton and early Soho culture phases (ca. AD 1100) (M. Chenault, personal communication, 22 April 2019; Haury 1978:39). Furthermore, WestLand confirmed the presence of the historical Meridian Canal, a remnant of extensive canal building supplying agricultural fields north from the Salt River in the last quarter of the 19th century (Dibble & Associates Consulting Engineers 2000:50). To gain further insight into prehistoric agricultural practices, WestLand submitted eight sediment samples from across the field system to PaleoResearch Institute for phytolith analysis.

COP Parks and Recreation Department is proposing to construct a recreation center at Lindo Park. An Archaeology Assessment conducted by the COP found that the proposed Lindo Park Recreation Center occurs within the boundaries of prehistoric archaeological site that is known to contain human remains. Given the proximity of the features investigated during the previous project, it was determined highly likely that archaeological features associated with the site may exist within the Community Center footprint. Based on communication with Laurene Montero, COP Archaeologist, construction Phase I data recovery and subsequent monitoring was required for all ground disturbing activities within the site boundary and a 250 ft buffer of other archaeological site. Archaeological Consulting Services (ACS) utilized the Monitoring and Discovery Plan for the City of Phoenix (Montero and Stubing 2004), with an appropriate project-specific addendum developed. This report documents the results of both the cultural resource Phase I data recovery and monitoring during construction activities. A project specific permit (2016-076ps) was obtained from the Arizona State Museum. A repository agreement was obtained from the Pueblo Grande Museum. ACS worked under the COP Burial Agreement. A Maricopa Dust Permit (number E160791) was procured in compliance with the Maricopa County Air Quality Department. An ACS Site Health and Safety Plan (Davis 2016) was in place during all ground disturbing activities.

This document presents the results of archaeological monitoring in advance of Sun State Builder’s (Sun State) anticipated construction of warehouse facilities within an L-shaped area. This project area is situated within a Hohokam village habitation site with a known platform mound. The project area also encompasses a historic residential property that has not been evaluated for National Registry of Historic Places (NRHP) eligibility. The project involved excavation (mechanical grading and scraping) for construction of foundation columns, retention basins, a loading dock, and a parking lot. Logan Simpson documented 10 features and a variety of prehistoric and historic period artifacts from disturbed secondary depositional contexts. All features were exposed and recorded in plan only: trench excavations were not implemented, and so features were not exposed in profile. In general, features could only be partially exposed during mechanical grading, and the lower portions of seven deeply buried features (Features 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 9, and 10) are preserved beneath the base of the graded area. The prehistoric features and artifacts observed within the project area are not recommended as contributing to the overall eligibility of the prehistoric Hohokam site AZ T:12:116(ASM) under Criterion D. Given the heavily disturbed contexts of the features, Logan Simpson recommends that detailed investigation of exposed portions of the four truncated and partially intact prehistoric features within the project area would not have yielded new or significant information about AZ T:12:116(ASM). Logan Simpson further recommends that detailed investigation of the six disturbed historic period features would not have yielded new or significant information about historic occupation and development in west Phoenix. Consequently, no further investigations are recommended within the project area.

Logan Simpson archaeologists recovered a total of 18,799 ceramic artifacts during testing and data recovery within the FLA Phase 2 and Phase 3 loci. The collection mainly consists of body sherds (92 percent) and rim sherds (8 percent) from pottery vessels, but small numbers of non-vessel ceramic artifacts (e.g., figurines, pipe stems, and raw clays), partially reconstructible vessels (PRV), and a complete vessel (CV) also were recovered. The PRVs generally consist of multiple refitted sherds that comprise at least one-third of a complete vessel; for the purpose of quantifying the ceramic data, the PRVs were counted as single items (rather than as individual sherds) to avoid inflating artifact counts. The overwhelming majority of ceramics (95 percent) were collected from Locus 2; ceramic artifacts from this locus outnumber those from Locus 3 by more than 20 to 1. The project area is situated outside but adjacent to the originally defined northwest site boundary of La Ciudad. However, it constitutes part of the larger La Ciudad settlement and appears to be situated along the margin between a Pre-Classic period residential area and the surrounding farm fields, based on the mix of features related to domestic and agricultural activities. The two-phase division of the project area was designed to assist with the construction management, but it is also fortuitous for archaeological investigations because it segregates what appear to be functionally and temporally distinct site components. Locus 2 on the east side of the project area consists of a dense cluster of features, including residential pit houses and associated activity areas (defined by various extramural thermal and nonthermal pits). In contrast, Locus 3 consists of two groups of small field houses associated with limited-use extramural activity areas. Both loci appear to have been occupied primarily during the late Pioneer and Colonial periods. This chapter provides an overview of the methods and inferred results from various analyses of ceramic materials from the project area.

The project consists of repair of rain damage to the platform mound and ball court at Pueblo Grande. The repair will be done in two phases. Phase 1, which is covered within this report, repaired damage to the protective backfill/wall capping and drainage system around the perimeter of the mound, and removed excessive sediment from the drainage sump of the ball court. Phase 2, which will be conducted at a later date, will repair damage on the top of the mound consisting of erosion beneath the interpretive trail and will also include partial backfilling of some of the open rooms on top of the mound to protect their integrity. A treatment plan for Phase 1 was prepared, and provided methods for documenting the damaged areas before, during, and after repair; overseeing the work crews to ensure that the work was done properly and to protect sensitive areas of the site; collection of artifacts recovered from screening fill soil and sediment; and education of visitors as needed about the work being conducted.

Cella Barr Associates contracted with Soil Systems, Inc. to prepare an overview of the cultural resources in the Papago Park planning area. A survey of pertinent literature and site record files was conducted and the results were summarized in this report. Recommendations for documentation and assessment of cultural resources within the park area conclude this report. A review of the archaeological and historical material encompassing the Papago Park planning area has revealed 20 archaeological sites and four significant historical structures. The sites include 19 prehistoric Hohokam and historic Piman Indian occupations of the area as well as a historic trash dump. The significant historical structures are Hayden Flour Mill, the orginal automobile bridge across the Salt River, the Mill Avenue Bridge, and the Tempe Beach Stadium. Other historical places within the planning area are the Arizona State University Administrative Building, Mouer Park and Tempe Beach Park.

This report presents the results of archaeological monitoring during grounddisturbing activities at the site. Logan Simpson was requested to monitor ground-disturbing activities because of the potential to encounter cultural resources. The project involved replacing and reconnecting sewer lines from an existing house to city sewer lines. Ground-disturbing activities included mechanical and hand trenching.

Logan Simpson conducted archaeological excavations between February and June 2013 for the City of Phoenix’s Frank Luke Addition (FLA) Project. The excavations were completed within a 9.1-acre parcel situated within the prehistoric site of La Ciudad (AZ T:12:1[ASM]), a Hohokam village located north of the Salt River. The FLA Project is located within a highly urbanized portion of the City of Phoenix (COP) in the Phoenix Basin, south-central Arizona. Historical documents indicate that the FLA parcel was used for farming until about 1906, when it was subdivided for private housing. In 1950, the COP purchased the 12.2-acre parcel for redevelopment as public housing and named the development in honor of the World War I flying ace Frank Luke. The 1950s public housing complex consisted of 39 1-story apartment buildings separated by grass lawns, play areas, and a curving street. The apartments were built in 1952 and were demolished in 2012, following appropriate documentation, to make way for a larger complex of multiple-story apartments to be developed by the COP using a combination of Low Income Housing Tax Credits, General Obligation bonds, and a U. S. Department of Housing and Urban Development HOPE VI grant.

Archaeological testing and data recovery prior to construction of the PGM Public Arts Walkway and archaeological monitoring of subsequent construction activities within the grounds of the city-owned Pueblo Grande Museum and Archaeological Park.This report includes background information about the project area, descriptions of the field methods and results of the monitoring and data recovery effort, a summary of work accomplished, and recommendations for future work in the project area locale.

The project includes street improvements and construction of an adjacent multi use trail. The project is being constructed in two phases. This project addressed Phase 1, which involved: installing 15 buried storm drain laterals to carry rainfall runoff from the street to a 5-foot (1.5-m) diameter storm drain that had been previously buried beneath the street, relocating a sewer line manhole, relocating or installing new fire hydrants at six locations, constructing a sidewalk, converting an open Salt River Project (SRP) irrigation ditch to a buried pipe, modifying SRP irrigation pipes previously buried beneath the site.The future Phase 2 construction will include paving a uniform configuration of vehicle lanes, and construction of curbs, gutters, sidewalks, and a multi-use trail. Because of budget constraints, implementation of Phase 2 was delayed. The site has been evaluated as eligible for the Arizona Register of Historic Places for its potential to yield important information about the Hohokam occupation of the Phoenix Basin. The Phoenix Archaeology Office recommended that the Street Transportation Department arrange for preconstruction archaeological testing or archaeological monitoring of ground disturbing construction activities within the site and a surrounding buffer 250 feet (76 m) wide, as well as within 50 feet (15 m) of the alignments of possible buried Hohokam irrigation canals that were previously mapped.

The project consists of the replacement of improvements to a storm drainage system and catch basins. Ground disturbance within the APE consisted of the excavation of trenches and pits of various lengths, widths, and depths. Excavation was conducted mechanically with backhoes and by hand with shovels and picks. All ground-disturbing activities within the project site and 250 ft. of its boundaries were monitored. The project was conducted under the direction of Mark Chenault (project manager) and Michael Stubing (project director). Monitoring was conducted by Lisa Champagne, Erik Steinbach, and Jewel Touchin from May 27 to August 21, 2015; a total of 56 person days were spent monitoring the project. Three historic trash pits and one isolated historic glass bottle were found and recorded during monitoring.

The Hohokam village was one of the largest pre-Classic settlements in the Phoenix Basin. The recorded site boundary covers more than 80 acres, extending from the edge of the Salt River floodplain northward. Founded during the Vahki phase (A.D. 500-650), when settlement aggregated around two large plazas, the village thrived until the Santa Cruz phase (A.D. 850950), when people began to leave the village, possibly settling in villages further down the canal system. Final abandonment occurred during the eleventh century A.D., although by that time, La Villa was greatly reduced in scale and, presumably, in importance. The project detailed in this volume is the second conducted by Desert Archaeology, Inc., at La Villa (Lindeman, ed. 2015). The current archaeological excavations preceded installation of a storm drain, which was part of the larger Downtown Storm Drain Improvements project. The City of Phoenix Jefferson Phase 2 Drainage project entailed installation of 36- and 30-inch diameter storm drains and associated manholes, catch basins, and pipe connections along Jackson Street in downtown Phoenix. In all, 248 features were identified, including 74 pithouses, 144 extramural features, 29 mortuary features, and 1 plaza. The central precincts of major Hohokam villages have only been rarely investigated during the modern era. Uncovering the Eastern Plaza at La Villa represents the first investigation of a plaza along Canal System 2. The large linear transects that structured the project provided a unique sample across a relatively large, albeit narrow, swath of the site, allowing for sampling of contexts from the center of the village to the edges. What was uncovered under the streets of modern Phoenix was incredibly well preserved, providing a robust base for the analyses presented in the following pages.

This document reports the results of archaeological monitoring conducted for a City of Phoenix (COP) rehabilitation project. Through its contractor, and utilizing funding from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), the COP Neighborhood Services Department (NSD) conducted manual excavations to install irrigation and remove vegetation at the project site. During a review of the project, the COP Archaeology Office at Pueblo Grande Museum (PGM) determined that excavations associated with the proposed improvement project could encounter subsurface deposits associated with the Patrick Site— a prehistoric site located within 250 feet of the project area. For this reason, the NSD requested that EcoPlan Associates, Inc. (EcoPlan) implement a program of archaeological monitoring, which was conducted following provisions of the COP generic archaeological monitoring and discovery plan (Montero and Stubing 2004) to fulfill the requirements of Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (NHPA), Section 802 of the COP Historic Preservation Ordinance, and A.R.S. 41-865. Archaeological monitoring was conducted in accordance with the 2007 Programmatic Agreement among the City o f Phoenix, Arizona State Historic Preservation Office, and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation regarding HUD-Funded Program Activities.

This report presents the results of archaeological monitoring for the installation of a new storm drain mainline, manholes, a catch basin, and various connectors in Phoenix. The monitoring was conducted by Jacobs Engineering Group Inc (Jacobs) at the request of the City of Phoenix (COP) Street Transportation Department (STD) under an existing on-call archaeological services agreement as COP STD Tracking No. The project is sponsored by the COP Street Transportation Department and is funded by COP; it is located entirely on land owned by COP. Jacobs obtained written notification to proceed with the archaeological monitoring on March 9, 2015. For the purposes of this investigation, the term "cultural resources" refers to prehistoric or historic archaeological sites or objects and potentially significant historic buildings or structures. The COP Archaeology Office reviewed this project and provided recommendations in a December 4, 2013 Archaeological Assessment Form. The COP Archaeology Assessment noted that the project is located within AZ T:12:62 (ASM)/Dutch Canal Ruin, and recommended that monitoring be conducted for all portions of the APE that are located within the site or within 250 feet of its known boundaries. No artifacts or intact cultural resource deposits were identified during the monitoring; nor was any evidence of the unverified Hohokam canal alignment found.

At the request of NSD and PGM, EcoPlan completed an archaeological monitoring program in association with manual excavations conducted for the installation of granite ground cover within the boundaries of NRHP-eligible site AZ T:12:70 (ASM)/Pueblo Patricio and recommended NRHP-eligible AZ T:12:217 (ASM)/ the Dennis Addition in Phoenix, Maricopa County, Arizona. No archaeological materials were identified. No further archaeological work is necessary at this time. Additional cultural resource investigations (such as monitoring, testing, or data recovery) might be warranted.

Through its contractor, and utilizing funding from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), the COP Neighborhood Services Department (NSD) conducted manual excavations for the removal and addition of plants, the addition of three air conditioner unit posts, and removal of gravels. During a review of the project, the COP Archaeology Office at PGM determined that excavations associated with the proposed improvement project could encounter subsurface deposits associated with a reported prehistoric canal. For this reason, the NSD requested that EcoPlan Associates, Inc. (EcoPlan) implement a program of archaeological monitoring, which was conducted following provisions of the COP generic archaeological monitoring and discovery plan (Montero and Stubing 2004) to fulfill the requirements of Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (NHPA), Section 802 of the COP Historic Preservation Ordinance, and A.R.S. 41-865. Archaeological monitoring was conducted in accordance with the 2007 Programmatic Agreement among the City of Phoenix, Arizona State Historic Preservation Office, and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation regarding HUD-Funded Program Activities.

Using private funds, the Reel Men Rentals is constructing a new facility on a 1.185-acre parcel located at in Phoenix. The project involves the construction of a building, parking lot, loading docks, and associated infrastructure. The parcel is located at the north of the prehistoric site Las Canopas, AZ T:12:137(ASM). Since this is a village site there is the potential to uncover human remains during construction excavations. Therefore, the project needs to comply with the State burial law, ARS § 41-865, as well as Chapter 8, Section 802[B2] of the City of Phoenix's (COP) Historic Preservation Ordinance. No human remains or archaeological features were discovered; only three chipped stone flakes were found during the monitoring. Following is some background information about the site and the methods used for the monitoring.

This report presents the results of archaeological monitoring for a COP water line project. The project involved the installation of a new waterline along an existing alignment in Phoenix. Archaeological monitoring was conducted under the established Monitoring and Discovery Plan for the city of Phoenix (Montero and Stubing 2004). As a result of the project, five features were recorded and two previously reported sites were given ASM site numbers.

The archaeological excavations documented in this volume examine the Hohokam village of La Villa, AZ T:12:148 (ASM). From its founding in the sixth century A.D., until abandonment in the eleventh century, La Villa was one of the largest villages in the Phoenix Basin. Current excavations preceded the installation of a storm drain that was part of the larger Storm Drain project and provided a rare glimpse of a large pre-Classic period village. Fieldwork occurred in multiple phases. Archaeological data recovery was conducted within the project alignment along in four phases of fieldwork. The work was observed by an archaeological monitor. The alignment in was tested, and because no features were identified, no further work was conducted. Most of the work was conducted in where dense occupation was encountered. The long-lived occupations encountered are in the heart of the village of La Villa. In total, 241 features were identified, including 80 pithouses, 98 extramural features, and 63 mortuary features. Located just north of the western plaza at La Villa, the project area contained dense, persistent settlement. Particularly dense were areas located closest to the western plaza. On the northern and western margins of the project area, settlement, while dense by most standards, was temporally patchy, occupied for one or more intervals but exhibiting gaps. From the founding of La Villa, its inhabitants were farmers. As productive specialization developed, particularly in ceramics but also in other goods, farming became increasingly important for the people of La Villa. Agricultural products became not only sources of sustenance, but also goods that could be exchanged for shell, ceramics, and other goods. Fieldwork revealed contexts spanning much of the Hohokam pre-Classic. Features were excavated dating from the Red Mountain phase through the Middle Sacaton, with the interval from Vahki through Early Sacaton being best represented. One of the strengths of the excavated data set is this incredible temporal sample, which revealed that change at La Villa came in fits and starts, interspersed by periods of remarkable continuity.

MCDOT plans to improve Northern Avenue to be a parkway with gradeseparated intersections at major cross streets to provide a higher-speed, higher-capacity, east-west route in the northwestern portion of the Phoenix metropolitan area where no freeways are planned. At the request of Mr. Robin Shishido of Parsons, Archaeological Consulting Services, Ltd. (ACS) conducted construction monitoring pursuant to recommendations presented in a plan of work for cultural resources previously identified during survey (Luhnow 2013). Monitoring was conducted within the plotted boundaries of the site, a Hohokam artifact scatter that was previously plotted within the APE, though no evidence of the site was identified during the more recent survey. This report presents the results of the construction monitoring.

This report documents Phase II data recovery at a portion of the project site performed by archaeologists from Jacobs Engineering (Jacobs) in Phoenix, Arizona. Under contract with Maricopa County Department of Transportation (MCDOT), archaeologists from Jacobs conducted data recovery at the site from January 8, 2013, through May 1, 2013. The Phase II data recovery resulted in the discovery of 104 features and excavation of 85 features, along with the recovery of thousands of artifacts.

At the request of NSD and PGM, EcoPlan completed an archaeological monitoring program in association with manual excavations conducted to install irrigation, remove a stump, install vegetation, and clear the house stem wall at Sunland Avenue, within 50 feet of the boundary of a reported prehistoric canal in Phoenix, Maricopa County, Arizona. No archaeological materials were identified. No further archaeological work is necessary at this time. Additional cultural resource investigations (such as monitoring, testing, or data recovery) might be warranted.

This document presents the results of archaeological monitoring for two COP Neighborhood Services Department (NSD) improvement projects. The two parcels are each within the 50-ft-wide buffer zone of an unnamed canal that is projected to traverse the properties. The COP recommended archaeological monitoring to document possible cultural resources within the project area. All ground disturbing activities were monitored within 50 ft on either side of two prehistoric canals projected to cross two parcels of land. Archaeologists examined vertical and horizontal exposures of the substrate to assess whether intact cultural deposits are present. No cultural resources or artifacts were identified during monitoring of both parcels. No cultural resources or artifacts were identified during monitoring of the two parcels.

Through its contractor, and utilizing funding from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), the COP Neighborhood Services Department (NSD) conducted manual excavations for the removal and addition of plants and the removal of gravels. During a review of the project, the COP Archaeology Office at PGM determined that excavations associated with the proposed improvement project could encounter subsurface deposits associated with a reported prehistoric canal. For this reason, the NSD requested that EcoPlan Associates, Inc. (EcoPlan) implement a program of archaeological monitoring, which was conducted following provisions of the COP generic archaeological monitoring and discovery plan (Montero and Stubing 2004) to fulfill the requirements of Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (NHPA), Section 802 of the COP Historic Preservation Ordinance, and A.R.S. 41-865. Archaeological monitoring was conducted in accordance with the 2007 Programmatic Agreement among the City of Phoenix, Arizona State Historic Preservation Office, and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation regarding HUD-Funded Program Activities.

This document reports the results of archaeological monitoring conducted for a City of Phoenix (COP) rehabilitation project. Through its contractor, and utilizing funding from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), the COP Neighborhood Services Department (NSD) conducted manual excavations for installation of a fence line. During a review of the project, the COP Archaeology Office at Pueblo Grande Museum (PGM) determined that excavations associated with the proposed improvement project could encounter subsurface deposits associated with a reported prehistoric canal paralleling Canal Grande. For this reason, the NSD requested that EcoPlan Associates, Inc. (EcoPlan) implement a program of archaeological monitoring within 50 feet of the canal, which was conducted following provisions of the COP generic archaeological monitoring and discovery plan (Montero and Stubing 2004) to fulfill the requirements of Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (NHPA), Section 802 of the COP Historic Preservation Ordinance, and A.R.S. 41-865. Archaeological monitoring was conducted in accordance with the 2007 Programmatic Agreement among the City o f Phoenix, Arizona State Historic Preservation Office, and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation regarding HUD-FundedProgram Activities.

The City of Phoenix (COP) Street Transportation Department (STD) is conducting road and storm drain improvements. The project will require the relocation of an existing Salt River Project (SRP) irrigation line, located on U.S. Bureau of Reclamation land. Because federal lands are involved, the project is considered a federal undertaking subject to compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended. It also follows applicable COP policies and requirements as stated in the General Historic Properties Treatment Plan for City of Phoenix Projects (General Treatment Plan). According to the City Archaeology Office (CAO), the APE is situated within a prehistoric habitation site that is eligible for inclusion on the Arizona and National Registers of Historic Places (A/NRHP) under Criterion D. As a result, the CAO recommended that data recovery be conducted to determine if significant cultural resources are present in the current APE and to mitigate impacts to them should they be found. The historic Farmers Canal also crosses the project corridor. At the request of Ms. Homaira Parveen of COP STD, Archaeological Consulting Services, Ltd. (ACS) prepared an addendum to the General Treatment Plan; it provided a site-specific work plan to address the proposed project. Phase 1 investigations involved the excavation of 550 linear meters of backhoe within the site boundaries and a 250-ft buffer, comprising a 5.6 percent sample of the area of disturbance resulting from the proposed improvements. The General Treatment Plan outlined the research objectives, field methods, laboratory procedures, analyses, administrative and safety protocols, curation, and reporting criteria that were used for this project. Phase 1 data testing conducted October 2-9, 2012 identified significant historic and prehistoric features so Phase 2 data recovery methods were implemented October 10-November 2, 2012 in consultation with Reclamation and the CAO. This report details the results of both phases of investigation, including analyses and interpretations.

MCDOT plans to improve Northern Avenue to be a parkway in the Phoenix metropolitan area where no freeways are planned. At the request of Mr. Robin Shishido of Parsons, a cultural resource assessment of the project area of potential effects (APE) was conducted by Archaeological Consulting Services, Ltd. (ACS). The purpose of the cultural resource assessment was to identify any historic properties in the APE that could be affected by the undertaking (Schilling and Jones 2012). Two historic properties were identified (Schilling and Jones 2012). One property is a Hohokam artifact scatter contained entirely within the APE in relatively undeveloped desert. The site was originally identified by URS, and archaeological testing was recommended to determine the site’s eligibility for the National Register of Historic Places (National Register) (Erickson et al. 2007). The diversity of surface artifacts observed during the ACS survey indicated that a recommendation of eligibility for the National Register under Criterion D for data potential was more appropriate for the site (Schilling and Jones 2012), and phased data recovery investigations were recommended. Data recovery investigations at the site were conducted between July 29-August 5, 2013 following heavy monsoon activity. During initial surface collection at the site, it was observed that the site boundary had significantly expanded based on the exposure of additional surface artifacts. In communication with MCDOT and the ADOT Historic Preservation Team (ADOT HPT), an addendum work plan was developed to address the expanded site boundary (Luhnow 2013b).

Maricopa County Department of Transportation (MCDOT) plans to improve Northern Avenue to be a parkway in the Phoenix metropolitan area where no freeways are planned. At the request of Mr. Robin Shishido of Parsons, a cultural resource assessment of the project area of potential effects (APE) was conducted by Archaeological Consulting Services, Ltd. (ACS). The purpose of the cultural resource assessment was to identify any historic properties in the APE that could be affected by the undertaking (Schilling and Jones 2012). Two historic properties were identified (Schilling and Jones 2012). One property is a Hohokam artifact scatter contained entirely within the APE in relatively undeveloped desert. The site was originally identified by URS, and archaeological testing was recommended to determine the site’s eligibility for the National Register of Historic Places (National Register) (Erickson et al. 2007). The diversity of surface artifacts observed during the ACS survey indicated that a recommendation of eligibility for the National Register under Criterion D for data potential was more appropriate for the site (Schilling and Jones 2012), and phased data recovery investigations were recommended. Data recovery investigations at the site were conducted between July 29-August 5, 2013 following heavy monsoon activity. During initial surface collection at the site, it was observed that the site boundary had significantly expanded based on the exposure of additional surface artifacts. The preliminary results of the data recovery investigations were previously reported on (Luhnow and Punzmann 2013). This report contains the final results of the investigations, including all specialized analyses.

The Town of Queen Creek is planning to construct a four-lane, divided rural roadway along the Riggs Road alignment using funds from the FHWA administered by the ADOT Local Government Section. The roadway will have a raised median and will be built within existing undeveloped land and agricultural fields. LSD previously conducted a cultural resources survey of an 80.5-acre area of potential effect (APE); however, the APE was subsequently expanded and now encompasses 98.2 acres. The current survey was conducted in previously unsurveyed areas of the modified APE and consists of five segments totaling 17.7 acres. The Class III cultural resources survey of 17.7 acres resulted in the identification of one previously recorded site—AZ U:14:49 (ASM)/Pozos de Sonoqui. In addition to the site, five isolated occurrences (IOs) were identified. The IOs are not eligible for the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), and no additional research or preservation is required.

Under contract to the City of Phoenix, ACS monitored installation of a storm drain trunk line. Catch basin and connector pipe were added from to the river: pipe, structure, and grading occurred in the Salt River. Previous research (Howard and Huckleberry 1991) indicated several prehistoric irrigation canals were projected to cross the project area at two locations. Therefore, the City Archaeology Office recommended monitoring of the pipe installation lo confirm the location or the projected canals and ensure the protection or any significant cultural deposits (e.g. human remains) discovered by the construction. The canal is recommended for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places under Criterion D. The T:12:249 canal exposure was mapped and profiled as proposed in the work plan. No artifacts or datable materials were observed in association with the canal profile; however, the feature's location, morphological characteristics, and stratigraphic position suggest association with the area's Hohokam occupation.

This is the report on the results of archeological monitoring of the excavation of a trench for a pipe to relocate an SRP irrigation lateral near the site of Pueblo del Alamo in Phoenix, Arizona. K. Hovnanian, in conjunction with a housing development project, sought to realign the lateral and replace it with a subterranean pipe; that action led them to comply with Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA), the State of Arizona Statute A.R.S. 41-865 and the City of Phoenix Ordinance on Historic Preservation (Chapter 8, Section 802) pertaining to the repatriation of human remains. The purpose of the monitoring was to address the accuracy of these site boundaries and to document and recovery cultural remains that occurred within the trenched area. These statutes and ordinances stipulate the recovery and repatriation of human burials to appropriate descendent groups. Accordingly the project focused on monitoring trenching operations in an effort to locate prehistoric deposits. A 1324 foot (403.5 meter) long by 11 foot (3.25 meter) wide trench was dug south to north on the west side of the existing canal to accommodate a 36” pipe. The trench depth was 6.5 to 7 feet and the sides were stepped back in order to satisfy safety standards. The center of the trench measured 5 feet in width by about 7 feet in depth, and the stepped areas on each side measured about 3 feet in width and 3 feet in depth. The total width of the trench was thus 11 feet (3.35 meters). The disturbed area was a total of about 14564 square feet (1353 square meters) in area with a minimum depth of 3 feet (.91 meters), and within that an area of 6620 square feet (615 square meters) was excavated further to a depth of about 7 feet (2.1 meters). Revised November 16, 2006, April 2 , 2007

The Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) initiated preparation of a new Environmental Impact Statement and Location/Design Concept Report in 2001 to consider alternatives to the findings of the 1988 South Mountain Freeway concept (SMCT 2001). In the summer of 2001, HDR Engineering, Inc. was contracted to provide services in connection with this project. The GRIC-CRMP was subcontracted to provide a Class I cultural resource overview of the study area (Burden 2002) and subsequently to perform a Class III cultural resource survey of any properties requiring archaeological coverage. As an integral part of this effort, the Class III survey was undertaken by the GRIC-CRMP to document cultural resources in the field that might be impacted by future highway construction in the alternative alignments (corridors) and to make management recommendations based on site eligibility.

The City of Phoenix is installing a 48-inch sewer line within Broadway Road between 75th Avenue and 91st Avenue. The street right-of-way is held by the City of Phoenix, and the project must therefore be implemented in compliance with the Arizona Antiquities Act (ARS 41-841 through 41- 847). The Act requires those in charge of activities on lands owned or controlled by the State of Arizona or local governments to notify the director of the Arizona State Museum of the discovery of any archaeological sites, historical resources, or human remains. The City Archaeologist’s review of the project concluded that remnants of a Hohokam irrigation canal could be buried within the project area.When the project began, the construction plans also called for relocating two irrigation ditches that were part of the historical Salt River Project (SRP) canal system. At that time it was thought that the federal government owned both of these ditches and that the relocation of those structures was therefore a federal undertaking subject to compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act. In 2001, the Bureau of Reclamation, SRP, and the State Historic Preservation Office executed a Section 106 Programmatic Agreement Regarding Historic Preservation Treatment for the SRP System of Historic Main Canals, Laterals, and Associated Features. Neither of the two ditches had been identified under the terms of the programmatic agreement as features of the system to be preserved in place, but the programmatic agreement stipulated that any lateral affected by an undertaking would be surveyed for prehistoric sites. One of the ditches was within an area that had been previously surveyed intensively for cultural resources, but the other had not been surveyed. The City of Phoenix retained URS Corporation to prepare and implement a plan for cultural resource survey, testing, and data recovery to facilitate compliance with the Arizona Antiquities Act and the SRP programmatic agreement. The plan proposed archaeological testing to search for evidence of the possible Hohokam canal mapped by Frank Midvale, and intensive survey of the SRP drain/pump ditch that was outside of the area previously surveyed. Implementation of the planned cultural resource investigations was delayed because the City of Phoenix was unable to acquire additional right-of-way that was required to relocate the two SRP ditches. Without the additional right-of-way, there was insufficient room to excavate the proposed archaeological test trenches. Archaeological monitoring of construction was explored as an alternative way to search for Hohokam canals, but there was no effective and safe way to archaeologically monitor the 20-foot wide, 30-foot-deep trench, which could not be approached closer than 5 feet because of unstable trench walls and minimal temporary shoring during installation of the sewer pipes.Although the City of Phoenix was unable to acquire additional right-of-way in this area, SRP negotiated temporary easements that allowed them to install pipes on the surface of the ground outside the existing street right-of- way to continue to move water while the ditches were taken out of service to accommodate the sewer construction activities. After construction is completed, SRP will reconstruct and line the drain/pump ditch in its original alignment and bury and pipe the other irrigation ditch in its original alignment.The planned archaeological survey was completed along the drain/pump ditch before it was obliterated. Although SRP maintains this drain/pump ditch, it was determined that the ditch and the land on which it is located is privately owned. This report documents the goals, methods, and results of the cultural resource survey, and also documents information about the history of the two SRP ditches.

Northland has completed cultural resources testing at two parcels. During the project, 83 trenches were mechanically excavated, totaling 1,613.3 meters. Trenches were roughly 20 m long, 65 cm wide, and 1.5 m deep. They were laid out in a checkerboard pattern across both loci, with trenches spaced 40 m apart east-west. This equates to approximately a 1.25 percent subsurface sample of the 20.7 acre project area. Testing confirmed the presence of features associated with Las Canopas (AZ T:12:137[ASM]), a large Hohokam village. In total, Northland identified 141 prehistoric cultural features, including habitation structures, extramural features, irrigation canals, and human burials. Basic descriptive information was collected on the location and distribution of all features identified. All human remains disturbed during testing were documented and removed. During testing, 20 human burial features were encountered. A map of the location of trenches and features was also prepared. The results of the Northland testing project indicate a lengthy prehistoric occupation within the tested parcels. Diagnostic ceramics ranging from the early Pioneer period, ca. A.D. 500 to 750, through late Classic period, ca. A.D. 1300 to 1450 were collected or noted during fieldwork. The temporal and spatial distribution of features across the tested parcels confirms the presence of intact prehistoric features. High densities of subsurface features, including human mortuary features, are present in multiple areas within the project area. Northland recommends that additional cultural resources investigations be conducted prior to any future ground disturbing activities within the project area. Las Canopas is eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places based on its potential to contribute significant information to the prehistory of the region. Results of Northland's testing project indicate numerous additional intact features associated with the site will be encountered by any future ground disturbance activities. Of particular significance, it is highly probable that multiple human burial features remain undisturbed within the parcels. The site contains significant information potential and can address many important research questions pertaining to Hohokam occupation in the area. Indeed, there are few remaining sites in the Phoenix Basin with as much research potential. Therefore, prior to any future ground disturbance, Northland recommends that a research plan and plan of work for data recovery be prepared and implemented.

Data recovery was completed at Pueblo del Rio as specified in the work plan developed after the testing phase. The purpose of the data recovery was to recover sufficient information from the portion of Pueblo del Rio within the EPNG right-of-way to answer general research questions as outlined in the treatment plan and to mitigate the adverse effect of the proposed EPNG undertaking on the cultural resources within the right-of-way. These goals were accomplished. However, the highly disturbed nature of the deposits made interpretation of the investigated features difficult. Additionally, the spatial limits of the project area within the narrow EPNG right-of-way precluded site-wide generalizations.

A supplemental Class III cultural resources survey and historic site documentation of alternative alignments for the South Mountain Freeway Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) and Location/Design Concept Report (L/DCR).

Historic records documentation and photographic recordation was conducted for a return flow canal constructed between a.d. 1917 to 1921 as part of the region’s agricultural development. The feature has an interconnected history with the Salt River Project and the Roosevelt, St. Johns-Laveen, and Buckeye Irrigation Districts. The canal segment is an example of irrigation features that are fast disappearing and is eligible for inclusion on the National Register under Criterion D because of its information potential. The return flow canal is an integral part of the irrigation system that made possible the earliest development of the region. The Arizona State Historic Preservation Office has previously determined that creation of interpretative signs that provide information about these features is an appropriate method for mitigating the adverse effects of the proposed construction.

The Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) is in the process of extending the Red Mountain Freeway (Loop 202) through Mesa, Arizona from State Route (SR) 87 to US Highway 60 (US 60, Superstition Freeway). The undertaking entails the construction of 17.8 mi (28.6 km) of new limited-access six-lane freeway parallel to and south of the Salt River. Under contract to Entranco Engineering, Archaeological Consulting Services, Ltd.(ACS) performed initial survey of the proposed alternatives (Macnider et al. 1999). Based on the results of the survey and archival research, under contract to Aztec Engineering (Aztec), ACS conducted intensive archaeological testing, significance evaluations, and data recovery within the portion of freeway right-of-way between SR 87 (Country Club Drive) and Gilbert Road. The proposed route runs through an area of dense historic and prehistoric cultural resources west of Higley Road, and crosses the northern edge of the Lehi Historic District between Mesa Drive and Stapley Road (Gasser 1987a; Jackman and Macnider 2000; Macnider et al. 1999). This report is the culmination of a multi-year effort to identify, evaluate, record, and interpret historic and prehistoric cultural remains within a 6.6-km (4.1-mi) section of the Red Mountain Freeway right-of-way. It presents the results of eligibility testing and data recovery at eight sites. The report also summarizes the results of the canal locating program, geoarchaeological investigations, and limited testing within the Lehi Historic District. Contains report and separate appendices A-N.

The City of Phoenix (COP) is planning to build a new bridge structure at the crossing of 43rd Avenue and the Roosevelt Canal, widen the 43rd Avenue alignment, and relocate a Salt River Project (SRP) irrigation canal and two utility lines attached to the existing bridge structure. The project is eligible for Federal aid funding by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and is considered an undertaking subject to Section 106 review. Significant cultural resources have been previously identified in the project area, including the prehistoric site of Pueblo del Rio [AZ T:12:116(ASM)] and associated prehistoric canals, the historic (abandoned) Farmers Canal, and two historic canals—the Roosevelt Canal and SRP Lateral 2-16—which are presently in use. At the request of Aztec, ACS prepared a Phase I (limited) data recovery plan to determine the presence and assess the condition of any buried remains that may be present in the project area.

In conjunction with plans for a sewer line to be constructed by the City of Phoenix Water Services Department under east Van Buren Street in Phoenix, Arizona, cultural resource data recovery was undertaken within a 3.9-acre portion of La Lomita, AZ U:9:67 (ASM). The site, located in south-central Arizona, is north of the Salt River within the Phoenix Basin. Additionally, construction monitoring was also conducted along portions of the sewer line south of the site boundaries, and irrigation features were documented and sampled as part of the data recovery program.

Archaeological monitoring was conducted during subsurface construction activities associated with the relocation of a portion of the Utah Extension (AZ U:9:254 [ASM]) within the City of Mesa. Construction procedures consisted of excavating a trench approximately 0.2 miles (0.31 kilometers) long and four feet (1.22 meters) wide along an alleyway north of and downslope from the Utah Extension. Additional excavations included six areas: one at each end of the trench , one near the approximate center of the trench, and three areas at the present location of the Utah Extension, corresponding to excavations on the trench, up the grade to the manhole structures at the present location of the Utah Extension were also included. Excavations reached a maximum depth of approximately five feet (1.5 meters).

This report presents the results of archaeological testing at two sites located north of Concho, Apache County, Arizona. SWCA conducted mechanical trenching at AZ Q:6:69 (ASM) and AZ Q:6:72 (ASM) at the request of Salt River Project Agricultural Improvement and Power District (SRP) prior to construction of two new wells and installation of approximately 10,700 feet of new pipeline, which will connect to the existing water delivery system at the Coronado Generating Station. The project area is located in Sections 16 and 21, T13N R26E, Gila and Salt River Baseline and Meridian, Apache County, Arizona. This project was conducted in compliance with the Arizona Antiquities Act since part of the project was on Arizona State Trust Lands (Arizona State Land Department Right-of-Way Application No. 14-106407 and Right-of-Entry Application No. 30-105110). Fieldwork was conducted under an Arizona Antiquities Act project specific permit issued by the Arizona State Museum (permit number 2002-113ps). The purpose of testing at these sites was to determine if intact subsurface cultural deposits existed within the Area of Potential Effect (APE) for the pipeline and the well pads. Trenching and surface collections were conducted at both sites in September 2002. No features were found to exist in the preferred pipeline corridor adjacent to AZ Q:6:69 (ASM). It appeared that significant features were in the APE at site AZ Q:6:72 (ASM) and data recovery was recommended there. In April 2003, additional trenching and backhoe stripping occurred at AZ Q:6:72 (ASM). The features that had been identified during testing were outside the well pad footprint and stripping did not reveal any new features. Therefore, construction of the pipeline and well pads do not appear to significantly affect either site and no further work is recommended. However, areas where features are located at both sites should be fenced or monitored during any construction activities to prevent any accidental adverse impacts.

This report documents the results of an archaeological survey completed by Desert Archaeology, Inc. along a newly realigned portion of the City of Phoenix Sixty-seventh Avenue Water Transmission Main (WS85500147) in southwestern Phoenix, Maricopa County, Arizona. The work was requested by the Water Services Division of the City of Phoenix Street Transportation Department to determine whether any significant cultural remains are present within the redesigned portion of the water main route. Tiffany Clark and Kathleen Henderson of Desert Archaeology completed the archaeological survey in one person-day on 29 January 2003, working under the authority of Arizona Antiquities Act Blanket Permit No. 2003-002bl (Arizona State Museum Accession No. 2003-071). Although no significant cultural remains were found in the realigned water main corridor, a previous cultural resource survey of the project area identified an area where the remains of the prehistoric village of Pueblo Primero, AZ T:12:138 (ASM), might be encountered. The site of Pueblo Primero has previously been determined to be potentially eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). This report provides the project area location and description, a cultural background of the project area, a review of previous research, and a description of the survey methods and results. Additionally, a plan is presented in this report to archaeologically test the portion of the corridor that intersects Pueblo Primero. The archaeological testing is being carried out for the purpose of compliance under Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act. The objective of the testing program is to assess the presence of subsurface remains in the area, and if found, to evaluate their depth, age, integrity, and significance. The results of the testing plan presented here will be used to determine whether additional data recovery efforts are warranted.

Desert Archaeology, Inc., under contract to Salt River Project (SRP), has completed archaeological monitoring of excavations along the northern and southern banks of the Salt River at the eastern end of Lake Roosevelt. The excavations were conducted to assess subsurface geological deposits in the Meddler Point locality. Archaeological monitoring of these test excavations was requested by the Bureau of Reclamation (BOR) and the Arizona State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) due to the potential for encountering cultural remains in the project area. Tiffany Clark and Joshua Watts of Desert Archaeology, Inc., completed the archaeological monitoring in six person-days between 19 and 21 December 2001, working under the authority of U.S. Department of the Interior Federal Archaeological Permit No. 01-03 and a U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Special Use Permit. Although numerous archaeological sites have been documented in the immediate vicinity of the project area, no cultural remains were encountered during the test excavations.

Proposed wetland restoration and flood control by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) associated with the north bank of the Salt River, near confluences of the Agua Fria and Gila rivers, requires the identification of cultural resources as laid out in Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act. The project area involves a wide, stable floodplain terrace below Frank Midvale’s Cashion Ruin. After the completion of a records search, archeologists from the Corps surveyed the project’s area of potential effects (approximately 700 acres) in the summer of 1999, identifying the historic St. Johns Canal (AZ T:11:93 [ASM]), and a possible Hohokam habitation site (AZ T:11:94 [ASM]). The historic canal is not eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places given its extensive modifications over time. The prehistoric site is potentially eligible for the National Register. The possibility exists for additional sites buried within the floodplain. In addition to National Register evaluations of the prehistoric site, subsurface exploration and geomorphic studies of the floodplain are proposed.

Entranco conducted archaeological data recovery at AZ U:10:123 (ASM) during January and February 2001. AZ U:10:123 (ASM) is a Hohokam habitation and limited activity site located within the corridor of the proposed Red Mountain Freeway, Gilbert to Higley Road segment in east Mesa, Maricopa County, Arizona. As a result of testing, the site was previously recommended as eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places under Criterion D. The data recovery was conducted to mitigate the potential impacts from construction of the Red Mountain Freeway and included the investigation of 12 features, eight of which were newly recorded. Fieldwork consisted of detailed mapping, surface collection, trenching, mechanical stripping, and hand excavation of the portion of the site located within the project corridor. The features, which included two pithouses, eight pits, one homo, and one area of sheet trash, appear to date from the Hohokam pre-Classic to Classic period transition. The results of data recovery indicate that AZ U:10:123 (ASM) functioned as a small, temporary encampment that was possibly associated with nearby resource processing areas. Although artifact and other analyses have yet to be completed, preliminary results of the data recovery indicate that the National Register qualities of AZ U:10:123 (ASM) were fully recovered and no additional cultural resource investigation is necessary.

A Class III cultural resources survey was conducted of the SRP 12kV and 22kV distribution/transmission line system in and around the Tonto Basin of central Arizona. The right-of-way corridor was roughly 89 miles long and 30 meters wide. An estimated 18 miles of access roads were also surveyed. The purpose of the survey was to identify, record, and assess the significance of cultural resources along the right-of-way corridor. In addition, a records search was carried out in order to identify previously recorded sites within a one-mile radius of the project area.

This report presents the results of a Class I archaeological literature search and a Class III pedestrian survey of the proposed Stapley Drive Conduit and Fiber Optic Cable Project, City of Mesa Project Number 00-44. Topographically, the project area is located on top of the second terrace of the Salt River. The Stapley Road Conduit and Fiber Optic Project will create moderate subsurface impacts through the excavation of a utility trench along a 2-mile right-of-away. The area was previously developed and is currently a major traffic corridor in the City of Mesa. The conduit will also be attached to an existing and recently constructed bridge (less than 50 years old) over the historic Consolidated Canal. The Stapley Road Conduit and Fiber Optic is being funded by federal CMAQ funds. The Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) administers the funds and the construction contract. Therefore, ADOT is the lead agency for Section 106 consultation. The second agency is the United States Bureau of Reclamation. The Bureau of Reclamaion is the federal land-managing agency that is responsible for evaluating potential impacts to the historic Consolidated Canal that may be created by the bridge-widening project. Given the lack of impacts to the bridge, recent HAER documentation programs and new programmatic agreements between the Bureau of Reclamation and the State Historic Preservation Office, it is probable that no consultation will be required for the bridge reach of the project. However, a copy of the report should be submitted to the Bureau of Reclamation for review. The City of Mesa is also Certified Local Government (CLG) and now has a Historic Preservation Office and Historic Preservation Committee. Copies of this report will be submitted to Greg Marek, the Historic Preservation Officer for City of Mesa for review and comment. Jerry B. Howard, Curator of Anthropology at the Mesa Southwest Museum, conducted the archaeological survey and literature search. Mr. Howard meets the Secretary of the Interior Standards for archaeological investigations. Includes both final report and annotated version.

Archaeological Consulting Services, Ltd. (ACS) of Tempe, Arizona completed archaeological monitoring of geotech coring and boring on the existing center (7L-25R) runway and its taxiways and turnouts at Sky Harbor International Airport. ACS carried out the monitoring as a subcontractor to Kimley-Horn and Associates, Inc., who, under contract to the City of Phoenix—Sky Harbor International Airport, are designing reconstruction of the west and east taxiways, replacing asphalt with concrete, and improving drainage on the center runway. Monitoring the drilling of the geotech bores for cultural remains is required by law (Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966) and comprises the initial phase of a multi-phase data recovery project (Powell et al. 2001). Monitoring of 177 geotech drillings excavated to 10 ft below ground surface or to refusal was undertaken in the late night and early morning hours of December 15-23, 2000. Of these, 173 were geotech bores and four were geotech cores. The four geotech cores were monitored because they extended below existing pavement. Under the authority of Arizona State Museum Permit Number 2000-128ps, crews of two to three individuals conducted the monitoring each night. Individuals participating in the monitoring included Principal Investigator Shirley Powell, Project Director Richard Boston and crew members Alissa Bentz, Lisa Champagne, Holly DeMaagd, Gina Gage, Joseph Gregory, Andrea Miller, Melanie Ryan, and Robert Stokes. Monitoring was undertaken to provide information about previous construction, geomorphology, and archaeological remains. Although no cultural remains were encountered during monitoring, geomorphological data, when combined with an archaeological literature review and site file search, provided insight into site integrity and will aid in the development of the archaeological testing strategy. The following document reports on the archaeological monitoring and summarizes existing literature on archaeological remains near Sky Harbor International Airport. The report concludes with recommendations for testing and data recovery.