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Genomic research and databases came into prominence following the large- scale scientific research and investments into human genetics in the 1990s. Genome-based knowledge, which promises new diagnostic and therapeutic techniques, also produces political, economic, ethical, social, and regulatory dilemmas. The thesis examines the governmental, techno-scientific, and economic power-relations lodged in genomic research. The thesis focuses on Iceland and Newfoundland and Labrador as the cases, which attracted venture capital investments and research because genetically homogenous populations are ideal for conducting genetic research to detect the roots of the diseases. With a Foucauldian lens, the power relations between the subjects including, biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies, venture capitalists, patients��� groups, and state, are analyzed in parallel with neoliberal governance model. Biotechnology companies, investors, and governments play significant roles for supporting the biotech industry. Discourses of rational self-interest and personal responsibility are deployed, in particular cases national identity and ethnic pride are also articulated with the emphasis on the rational self. These discourses mask not only ethical concerns, but also power relations between the parties. The comparison of the governance alternatives in these two cases tries to offer insights regarding neoliberal governance model, which mobilizes individual conduct in line with political economic ends.

ÖZET Tezimin amacı, İspanya'nın ekonomik ve siyasal tarihi açısından, II. Cumhuriyeti ve İç Savaşı değerlendirmektedir. İspanya, XIX. yüzyılda liberal anayasalcı hareketin başlaması ile birlikte, reaksiyoner ve liberal güçler arasında bir mücadeleye sahne olmuştur. İşçi sınıfı, sayısının artması ve Anarşist ve Marksist düşüncelerin etkisiyle sınıf bilinci kazanması ile birlikte, siyasal mücadelenin aktif bir unsuru olmuştur. II. Cumhuriyet ülkedeki liberal güçlerin ve işçi sınıfı örgütlerinin ittifakı ile, İspanya'nın ekonomik ve siyasal modernizasyonunu yerine getirmek amacı ile kurulmuştur. Bu rejimin geleneksel yapıya müdahaleleri özellikle kilise ve ordunun tepkisi ile karşılaşmıştır. Uluslar arası güçlerin bir karşılaşması olarak görülen İspanyol İç savaşı aslında, gelenekçi ve modernist güçlerin mücadelesinin bir ürünü olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Ayaklanma ile sonuca varamayacağını anlayan faşist güçlerin, uluslar arası yardım talebi bu mücadeleyi bir iç savaş şekline dönüştürmüş ve trajik sonuçlara yol açmıştır. İktidara gelen Franco rejimi ise İspanya'nın kapılarını dünyaya büyük ölçüde kapatmıştır. 156 SUMMARY The aim of my thesis is to evaluate Second Republic and Civil War in terms of economic and political history of Spain. A conflict between liberal and reactionary section has been experienced in the Spain after liberal constitutional movement emerged in the country. The proletariat have been an active element of political conflict due to proliferation of their numbers and acquisition of class consciousness by the way of Anarchist and Marxist ideas. Second Republic has been established with the allying of liberal sections and organizations of proletariat and to perform the economic and social modernization of Spain. The interventions of this regime to conventional structure have faced with the reactions of the church and army. The Spanish Civil War regarding an international struggle is in fact a product of the conflict between the traditionalist and modernist sections. The Fascist insurgents who saw that they would not get the goal with a riot has demanded international aid which turned the situation in to a Civil War causing tragically consequences. The Franco regime forming the government shut doors of Spain against the external world. 157 172