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Muhamad Ali K Shakhatreh,1 Omar F Khabour,1 Karem H Alzoubi,2 Mohammed N BaniHani,3 Ahmed Abu-Siniyeh,4 Nabil A Bashir,5 Salsabeel H Sabi,2 Mahmoud Mahafdah3 1Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan; 2Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan; 3Department of General Surgery and Urology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan; 4Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; 5Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, JordanCorrespondence: Muhamad Ali K Shakhatreh Email mkshakhatreh@just.edu.joBackground: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is considered the main cause of gastritis, peptic ulcer and gastric carcinoma in the human populations. H. pylori infection influences the secretion level of several proinflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, which encoded by the IL-1B gene.Objective: The current study aimed to investigate whether IL-1B gene polymorphisms are associated with H. pylori infection among the Jordanian population and responses to triple therapy.Subjects and Methods: The gastroscopic examination was performed on 412 subjects for H. pylori infection diagnosis, 257 subjects were found to be infected by H. Pylori (positive cases), whereas 155 subjects were uninfected (negative controls). The IL-1B gene T-31C and C3954T polymorphisms were genotyped by PCR-RFLP.Results: It was found that the T-31C polymorphism has a significant association with H. pylori infection (P< 0.05), and the TT genotype frequency was significantly higher in infected subjects (50.2%) compared to controls (38.7%). On the other hand, no significant association was detected between C3954T SNPs and H. pylori infection among the Jordanian population. In addition, none of the examined polymorphisms were found to influence the responses to triple therapy.Conclusion: The IL-1B gene T-31C SNP might be associated with an enhanced risk of H. pylori infection among the Jordanian population.Keywords: IL1B gene, IL-1β, single nucleotide polymorphism, Helicobacter pylori, interleukins