Search

Today's smart devices have short battery lifetimes, high installation and maintenance costs, and rapid obsolescence - all leading to the explosion of electronic waste in the past two decades. These problems will worsen as the number of connected devices grows to one trillion by 2035. Energy harvesting, battery-free devices offer an alternative. Getting rid of the battery reduces e-waste, promises long lifetimes, and enables deployment in new applications and environments. Unfortunately, developing sophisticated inference-capable applications is still challenging. The lack of platform support for advanced (32-bit) microprocessors and specialized accelerators, which can execute dataintensive machine-learning tasks, has held back batteryless devices.

Health is a basic human need and access to healthcare is a basic non-negotiable human right. Objectives: To examine the association between postponements of medical care and financial constraints that might lead to delay in their medical care. Methods: We conducted a primary, analytical cross-sectional study including transgender individuals (n=250), using a purposive sampling technique who were registered with the Gender Interactive Alliance (G.I.A) a non-governmental organization (NGO) in Karachi, Pakistan. We assessed their demographic data by documenting age, gender, religion, income and province, in relation to access to medical care. Results: Data were obtained from 204 (81.6%) males and 46 (18.4%) females’ transgender. The mean age was 32.34 years (S.D=7.85). A Significant association was found in postponement of medical care and financial constraints, with educational status which showed that more than half (55%) were Non Matriculated (p-Value= 0.001), gross monthly income (before taxes) were between 21000 to 30000 PKR (p = 0.002) per month and half of the population were homeless (p

Background: Food addiction is a behavioral addiction toward foods with high fat and sugar content that leads to overeating. In clinical practice, there is no diagnosis of addiction because diagnostic criteria focus on symptoms, distress, and impairment in daily functioning. Thus, this study aimed to assess the relationship of psychological health with addiction to food. Methodology: A self-administered questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 1200 participants aged between 15 and 60. The relationship between food addiction towards emotional and physical health was assessed using Yale Food Addiction Scale; items were rated and scored using a) a five-point Likert scale for assessing food addiction and b) a two-point scale used for assessing psychological health. Results: It was found that most of the participants had mild food addiction (66.5%). It was found that 65.5% of participants had mild psychological problems. When the food addiction was assessed in association with the demographic variable, a significant association was found for gender (P-value=0.009), BMI (P-value=0.024), lifestyle activity (P-value= 0.038), and family history (P-value=0.000). Conclusion: It was found that increased food addiction might lead to increased psychological problems.

Background: Neonatal jaundice is the commonest condition encountered during daily practice of neonatologists. Phototherapy remains the main-stay in the treatment. However, its safety and efficacy still questioned. Agar was proposed as an adjuvant therapy to improve the effectiveness and safety profile of bilirubin. However, the evidence is still building up. The current work aimed to address the value of agar as an adjuvant to phototherapy for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia of full-term neonates. Methods: The study was a randomized double-blind comparable clinical trial. Full term neonates with indirect hyperbilirubinemia within their first week of life at the level of phototherapy were included. Patients were randomly assigned into two equal groups. The phototherapy alone group, where newborns received 10 ml of distilled water by bottle every 12 hours. The second group, where neonates received 300 mg/kg of agar orally by bottle every 12 h before feedings in 10 ml of distilled water. The collected data for comparison included patient demographics and serial measurements of total serum bilirubin (TSB). Treatment was stopped when TSB levels falls to 2 mg/dl below the phototherapy initiation threshold. Results: Both groups were comparable regarding patient demographics, mode of delivery and gestation age at delivery. TSB levels showed significant progressive reduction after the first, at the third and the fifth days of therapy among agar and comparable groups. The percentage of reduction in TSB levels was significantly higher in phototherapy-Agar combination group than the other group at third day of therapy (- 38.92 versus - 28.66%, p=0.0001). Finally, the length of hospital stay duration was significantly shortened with agar than the other group (3.34±0.70 vs 3.7 ±0.74, p=0.014). Conclusion: Adding oral agar to phototherapy improves the effectiveness and safety among full-term neonates with indirect hyperbilirubinemia.

Parallel machine learning algorithms are a class of algorithms that can be run on multiple processors or computers in parallel in order to speed up the training process. These algorithms are becoming increasingly important as the volume and complexity of data continue to grow, and as organizations seek to extract valuable insights from data in a timely and cost-effective manner. In this review, we provide an overview of the various approaches that have been proposed for parallelizing machine learning algorithms, including data parallelism, model parallelism, and hybrid approaches. We also discuss the challenges and opportunities of parallel machine learning, including issues related to data partitioning, communication, and scalability. We evaluate the performance of different approaches on a range of machine learning tasks and datasets, and discuss the limitations and trade-offs of different approaches. Finally, we provide insights on the future direction of research in this area and identify areas where further work is needed. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the field of parallel machine learning and highlights the importance of this area for organizations seeking to extract insights from large datasets.

This paper presents a method for developing a 3D point cloud map of any indoor and outdoor vicinities using an indigenously developed stationary scanning system comprising of a single low cost 2D laser scanner. The data logging of scanner and required inertial measurement units (IMUs) has been carried out using a Robot Operating System (ROS). Multiple divergent environments have been scanned and 3D point clouds have been developed, which have been found accurate when compared to the ground truth. In addition, the Building Information Model (BIM) of the surveyed vicinities have been developed using generated point clouds. Compared to available surveying solutions present in the local market, the developed system has been found accurate, faster, economical, and user-friendly to generate structural results of the surveyed vicinities in detail.

Objective: To investigate the correlation between capillary blood oxygen saturation and computerised tomography severity index in patients with coronavirus disease-2019 pneumonia. Method: The cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at the coronavirus disease-2019 ward of Nishtar Medical University and Hospital, Multan, Pakistan, June 1, 2020, to June 1, 2021. At the time of admission, capillary oxygen saturation of all patients was measured. Pulmonary computerised tomography scans were then performed, and computerised tomography severity index was calculated. Data was analysed using SPSS 18. Results: Of the 170 patients, 90 (52.9%) were males and 80(47%) were females. The overall mean age of the sample was 56.32±12.45 years. At the time of admission, the mean oxygen saturation was 88.9±6.53% and the mean severity index was 15.01±7.79. Overall, 22(12.9%) patients had hypoxia and the severity index reading was significantly high in these patients (p=0.001). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypertension and diabetes were significantly related to reduced blood oxygen saturation (p

فَعْلُون وفَيْعُول من أبنية كلام العرب التي حظيت باهتمام اللغويين العرب قديماً وحديثاً والمستشرقين على حد سواء، فضلاً عن أنَّهما من الأبنية المشتركة في اللغات السامية، وبناء(فَعْلُون) يدل على التصغير في اللغات السامية نحو: (برونا) بمعنى بُنِيَّ، ويرى المستشرقون أنَّ بناء(فَعْلُون) ورد كثيراً في أسماء الأعلام في القرون الإسلامية الأولى نحو: حَرْثُون، وحَفْصُون، وخَلْدُون، وتحديداً لدى عرب الأندلس، وذكر المستشرقون أنها تدل على التصغير، علماً أنَّ علماء العربية أشاروا إلى بناء(فَعْلُون) قبل المستشرقين، إذ ذكر ابن جرير الطبري (ت310هـ) في تفسيره أنَّ (شَمْعُون) _ وهو اسم عبراني _ كأنَّه على وزن (فَعْلُون) ، ونصَّ أبو العلاء المعري(ت449ه) أنَّه غير عربي البتة ، وقد عُدَّ هذا البناء من الأبنية التي فاتت سيبويه ، إذ لم يذكره في كتابه، واكتفى بذكر (فَيْعُول)، مما حدا بعلماء العربية إلى تتبع فوائت كتاب سيبويه والاستدراك عليه ، ومنها فَعْلُون، وذكروا أمثلةً نحو: زَيْتُون ومَيْسُون؛ لأنَّ هذين الاسمين مختومين بالواو والنون؛ إلا أنَّ الاستقراء اللغوي والتاريخي لهذه الألفاظ يؤيدان أنَّ معاني زَيْتُون ومَيْسُون وجَيْحُون وجَيْرُون _ وأسماء أخرى _ليست بوزن فَعْلُون بل هي بوزن فَيْعُول؛ لأنَّ فَعْلُوناً لم يكن معروفاً في كلام العرب القدماء، أو قلَّمَا بنوا اسمًا على ‌فَعْلُون، أو أنَّه غريب في نظام العربية، فضلاً عن أنَّه بناء لم يستقر في كلام العرب، أمَّا فَيْعُول فإنَّه أكثر وروداً في كلام العرب في الصفات وأسماء الأماكن والأنهار والنباتات فضلاً عن أسماء الأعلام، وأنَّ بعض القبائل العربية الحجازية والنجدية _في الوقت الحاضر_ في الجزيرة العربية ما زالت تتكلم بوزن فَيْعُول في لغتها نحو: السَّيدور، والحَيْمُول ، والعَيْتُوم، والعَيْرُون، وبهذا تنوعت دلالة (فَيْعُول) في المبالغة والتصغير والصفة والجمع في كلام العرب.

The lack of a standardized sign language, and the inability to communicate with the hearing community through sign language, are the two major issues confronting Pakistan's deaf and dumb society. In this research, we have proposed an approach to help eradicate one of the issues. Now, using the proposed framework, the deaf community can communicate with normal people. The purpose of this work is to reduce the struggles of hearingimpaired people in Pakistan. A Kinect-based Pakistan sign language (PSL) to Urdu language translator is being developed to accomplish this. The system’s dynamic sign language segment works in three phases: acquiring key points from the dataset, training a long short-term memory (LSTM) model, and making real-time predictions using sequences through openCV integrated with the Kinect device. The system’s static sign language segment works in three phases: acquiring an image-based dataset, training a model garden, and making real-time predictions using openCV integrated with the Kinect device. It also allows the hearing user to input Urdu audio to the Kinect microphone. The proposed sign language translator can detect and predict the PSL performed in front of the Kinect device and produce translations in Urdu.

Fossil fuels are non-renewable, finite, and exhausting. Therefore, it is necessary to find alternative sources of energy. Solar energy is abundant in nature, so it can be considered as the best alternative to meet the energy demand. It is sustainable, renewable, and scalable. Increasing the efficiency of harnessing solar energy should be one of our top concerns because it is a renewable resource. The challenge in utilizing this energy is to increase efficiency as well as reduce production costs. So, a dual-axis solar tracker was developed in this study to ensure that the tracked solar cells create more electrical energy than stationary solar cells, improving the performance of the solar panels and expanding their ability to make the most of the solar radiation. The experiment yielded great results. Due to its constant exposure to sunlight, the temperature of the mobile cell is higher than that of the stationary cell. The radiation intensity of the tracked cell is more than that of the fixed cell. The radiation intensity for the traced cell is more than that of the fixed cell and peaks at 1282 W/m2 on September 10 and 1028 W/m3 on September 11. For day 10, there was a daily rate of rise in radiation intensity on the tracker cell of 42 % compared to the fixed. Day 11 saw a difference of 210 W/m2/h, or 61 percent. The results are almost same from midday until dusk. During the day, the tension in the vacuum is somewhat different for stationary cells and tracking cells, with the value of the tracker being marginally lower than the fixed value. The increased temperature in the cell caused by more solar radiation and a warmer environment is thought to be the reason for the lower energy gain in the tracker, Викопні види палива є невідновлюваними, кінцевими та такими, що виснажуються. Тому потрібно шукати альтернативні джерела енергії. Сонячна енергія рясніє в природі, тому її можна розглядати як найкращу альтернативу для задоволення попиту на енергію. Вона є стійкою, відновлюваною та масштабованою. Підвищення ефективності використання сонячної енергії має бути одним із наших головних завдань, оскільки це відновлюваний ресурс. Завдання використання цієї енергії полягає в тому, щоб підвищити ефективність, і навіть знизити виробничі витрати. Отже, в цьому дослідженні був розроблений двовісний сонячний трекер, щоб гарантувати, що сонячні елементи, що відстежуються, виробляють більше електроенергії, ніж стаціонарні сонячні елементи, покращуючи продуктивність сонячних панелей і розширюючи їх здатність максимально використовувати сонячне випромінювання. Експеримент дав чудові результати. Через постійну дію сонячного світла температура рухомого осередку вище, ніж у стаціонарного. Інтенсивність випромінювання комірки, що відстежується, більша, ніж у фіксованого комірки. Інтенсивність випромінювання для простеженого осередку більша, ніж для фіксованого осередку, і досягає максимуму 1282 Вт/м2 10 вересня і 1028 Вт/м3 11 вересня. трекерний осередок на 42 % порівняно з фіксованим. На 11 день різниця склала 210 Вт/м2/год, або 61 відсоток. Результати практично однакові з полудня до заходу сонця. Протягом дня напруга у вакуумі дещо відрізняється для стаціонарних осередків та осередків стеження, при цьому значення трекера трохи нижче фіксованого значення. Підвищена температура в осередку, що викликана великою кількістю сонячного випромінювання та більш теплим навколишнім середовищем, вважається причиною нижчого приросту енергії в трекері

This work deals with the groundwater hydro-geochemistry, intake and irrigation water quality, and noncarcinogenic human healthiness concerns in a dry environment. Water quality characteristics were measured in samples which were gathered from the countryside and city. The findings showed that the composition of groundwater is acidic and stony. There was a wide range of nitrate and fluoride concentrations, with a mean concentration of 1.4 mg/ltr, 65.7 mg/ltr, and 0 to 13.3 mg/ltr. Only 14% of the samples were rated excellent by the water quality index, while 38% were rated good, 28% were rated bad, and 12% were classified unfit/unsuitable for eating. The quantities of nitrate and fluoride in groundwater are estimated to be 68% higher than the permitted range for noncarcinogenic ingestion, posing a major health risk to the local people. A range of indicators and graphical approaches were used to assess the appropriateness of groundwater. The geogenic origin of fluoride was demonstrated to be followed by the anthropogenic source of NO−3, K+, Na+, Cl−, and HCO-3, and the predominant hydro-chemical facies Ca−2+ and HCO-3 are done.

In recent years, the use of emojis in social media has increased dramatically, making them an important element in understanding online communication. However, predicting the meaning of emojis in a given text is a challenging task due to their ambiguous nature. In this study, we propose a transformer-based approach for emoji prediction using BERT, a widely-used pre-trained language model. We fine-tuned BERT on a large corpus of text containing both text and emojis to predict the most appropriate emoji for a given text. Our experimental results demonstrate that our approach outperforms several state-of-the-art models in predicting emojis with an accuracy of over 75 percent. This work has potential applications in natural language processing, sentiment analysis, and social media marketing.

Suicide has become a serious public health challenge across the world with around 800,000 people dying by suicide each year. Amongst these a majority of the people (79%) belongs to low and middle-income countries. Objective: The study aimed to identify the association between suicidal attempts in connection to discrimination among transgender. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted. Data were collected from a registered NGO (Gender Interactive Alliance) from February to May, 2020, using a universal and purposive sampling technique. Data was analyzed on SPSS (version 21.0). Mean and standard deviation was calculated for frequency distribution, while Chi-square was used for categorical variables. Results: Overall, 250 transgender were approached through a registered NGO. The mean age of participants was 32.34 years with a standard deviation of 7.86 years. From this, 88.4% were males and 11.6% were females as identified by their birth certificates. The current sex/gender the participants identified as 81.6% Males and 18.4% Females. Half of the participants were homeless while 33.6% were living in a shelter. The suicidal attempt was identified in 62.9% of Males, 13.5% of Females, and 23.6% of trans genders, as identified by their N.I. Cs (p-value X2 0.012). Based on monthly income, 36% of the participants who made monthly income between 21000 to 30000 PKR, reported suicidal attempts with a significant p-value of X2 0.034. Conclusions: This study found an association between discrimination and suicidal attempt among a transgender population

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been recognized as a leading public health problem worldwide. In Egypt, CKD approximately affects 13% of the adult population, resulting in significant morbidity, mortality, and health care costs. Patients with advanced CKD (stage 3 or more) experience a high rate of cardiovascular complications compared to earlier stages of CKD. Objective: To evaluate serum YKL-40 levels in patients with CKD to assess its value as a biomarker of inflammation and its correlation with carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) as a predictor for early atherosclerosis. Patients and Methods: The present study was conducted on fifty subjects divided into 2 groups: group I includes 25 patients with CKD (from stage 1 to stage 5 "pre-dialysis") and group II (control group) includes 25 healthy volunteers. The patients were recruited from Internal Medicine Department and Nephrology Unit, Tanta university hospitals in the period between," August 2020 to September 2021 ". Results: In our study, YKL-40 levels were significantly high in CKD patients(P=0.001). As regards CIMT measurements for the studied cases its median value was 0.90 and1 mm for the right and left carotid respectively. On the other hand, CIMT measurements for the studied volunteers were within the normal range with statistically significant differences between both groups (p=0.001). There is a positive significant correlation between the serum YKL-40 level from the studied cases with each of triglycerides, serum urea, serum creatinine, CRP, ESR, R CIMT, and L CIMT. Systolic blood pressure, triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL, serum urea, serum creatine, e-GFR, ESR, CRP, and YKL-40 were found to be independent predictors for CIMT (P

يدخل هذا البحث ضمن الدراسات التي تتعلق بالنقد العربي القديم ويقدّم مدخلا جديدا يبحث في الموجِّهات الخارجية التي توجه أو تعوّق قراءة النصّ الابداعي ، والموجهات الخارجية متعدّدة اخترنا منها في بحثنا هذا موجه الموازنة بالنصّ المفترض ، وكان ميدان التطبيق كتاب شرح مشكل أبيات المتنبي لابن سيده ، وهذا الشرح على الرّغم من طابعه اللغوي اشتمل على إشارات نقدية تستبطن أصولاً توجه الحكم ، وشعر المتنبي من النصوص المهمّة التي تستحث الدرس والبحث ، وقد قمت باستخراج النماذج التي كان للموجه الخارجي فعلاً في تكوينها ، وأعدت قراءتها قراءة تتجاوز دائرة التوجيه الخارجي لتدخل إلى النصّ وتحاور بنيته الفنية لتستجلي الجماليات التي أخفاها تعويق القراءة بفعل الموجه الخارجي ، وبذلك أسست لمدخل يعتمد ملاحقة الأحكام التي لا تنطلق من النص بل تحكم عليه على وفق تصورات مسبقة ، فتهمل خصائصه وممكناته الجمالية ، فكثير من النصوص أهملت وأخرجت من دائرة القراءة أو حكم عليها بأحكام سلبية بدون أن تقرأ وتُستكشف .

PurposeThis paper intends to ascertain whether servant leadership can trigger servant colleagueship among subordinates. Additionally, the study is set out to divulge the mediating role of self-transcendence relating servant leadership to servant colleagueship.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from the respondents in three waves that were two months apart. In the first wave, employees rated their managers' servant leadership behavior. In the second wave, employees rated their self-transcendence, and finally, they rated their colleague-directed servant behavior. The final sample size for the study was 209 employees employed in the service sector. Structural equational modeling through Smart-PLS and hierarchical regression through SPSS were used for data analysis.FindingsThe study found servant leadership to be related to self-transcendence and employees' enacted servant colleagueship. Additionally, the study found self-transcendence to mediate the relationship between servant leadership and servant colleagueship.Originality/valueThe study has established the previously unexplored mediating role of self-transcendence linking servant leadership to servant colleagueship. The study is also the first to empirically test the relationship between self-transcendence and servant colleagueship.

Background: International efforts to confront the COVID-19 pandemic are joining forces by accelerating the pace of vaccination. This study aims to explore the attitude and the intent to get vaccinated against COVID-19 among healthcare providers (HCPs) in Iraq. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in January 2021 using web-based facilities to access the respondents. The data were collected through a semi-structured and self-administered questionnaire, including sociodemographic and close-ended questions related to attitude and intention toward COVID-19 vaccination. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were recruited to predict variables. The statistical significance is considered at less than 0.05. Results: Data of 209 HCPs with a mean age of 45.12 (± 6.37) years have undergone final analysis. Most of the HCPs were males (112, 53.6%) and nurses (110, 52.6%), who had close contact (64.6%) with COVID-19 patients, and forty percent have been infected with COVID-19. Overall, 115 HCPs (58.0%) reported intention to get vaccinated compared to 94 (42.0%) who declined vaccination. Variables associated with intention to get vaccinated among HCPs were high attitude toward COVID-19 vaccination (odds ratio (OR) = 1.740, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.799, 3.786), aged less than 45 years (OR = 3.713; 95% CI: 1.647, 8.367), married (OR = 2.155; 95% CI: 0.984, 4.720), highly educated (OR = 2.657; 95% CI: 1.202, 5.871), doctors (OR = 3.153; 95% CI: 1.428, 6.963), contracted with COVID-19 (OR = 4.119; 95% CI: 1.623, 10.455), directly engaged in management of COVID-19 patients (OR = 3.962; 95% CI: 1.569, 10.005), and had lost a close relative due to COVID-19 (OR = 5.698; 95% CI: 1.506, 12.564). Conclusion: The urgent need to improve the COVID-19 vaccine uptake rates among Iraqis requires a positive attitude and a high vaccination rate among HCPs.

Background: Excessive use of portable electronic devices causes neck flexion and the emergence of text neck syndrome (TNS). This study aims to explore the prevalence of TNS among medical students during the COVID-19 lockdown in Iraq. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional web-based study was conducted from 1st to 20th March 2021 at the faculty of medicine, Diyala University, Iraq. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed among the medical students using Google Form through social media (WhatsApp group). The semi-structured questionnaire included the sociodemographic, the valid smartphone addiction scale-short version (SAS-SV), and the neck disability index (NDI). Univariate, bivariate, and multiple logistic regression were used to analyze the data. SPSS version 16. The statistical significance is considered at less than 0.05. Results: Out of 273 medical students included in the study, 59.3% were males, unmarried (88.3%), and from the 1st year (21.6%). The mean age of students was 21.27 ± 1.74 years. The prevalence of text neck syndrome was 64.5%. About two-thirds (61.5%) of students were addicted to their smartphones and used them more than five h/daily (63.7%). Factors associated with neck disability were the students who did not warm up neck muscles before using the smartphone (OR = 8.796, 95% CI: 1.724 to 24.884), addicted to the smartphone (OR = 6.803, 95% CI: 3.455 to 13.397), experienced increase in daily hours using the smartphone during the COVID-19 related quarantine (OR = 5.370, 95% CI: 2.523 to 11.427), maintained smartphone use five hours and more daily (OR = 2.818, 95% CI: 1.422 to 5.587), had neck pain (OR = 2.876, 95% CI: 1.356 to 6.098), the female gender (OR = 2.756, 95% CI: 1.221 to 6.221), and those who did not have a frequent break when using the smartphone (OR = 2.693, 95% CI: 1.329 to 5.454). Conclusion: In conclusion, the prevalence of neck disability was high among the surveyed medical students. Addiction and excessive smartphone use with a lack of attention to warm up the neck muscles before usage was the most prominent predictors of neck disability.

Pharmacovigilance (PV) is critical in determining the risk-benefit ratio of medicines and encouraging their safe, rational, and effective use, hence enhancing patient safety and care. Pharmacists, as drug experts, share responsibility for ensuring that medicines remain safe. The study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of hospital pharmacists towards PV and adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting and to know factors that discourage them from reporting ADRs in Najran, Saudi Arabia.A pre-tested self-administered questionnaire was distributed to all the pharmacists working in government hospitals who consented to participate in the study. Data was collected over three months, from 01 June 2018 to 31 Aug 2018. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software for Windows, version 23. Descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentages, mean ± standard deviation (SD) were calculated, and the Pearson's Chi-square test was used to examine the relationship between different variables.A total of 145 questionnaires were distributed, and the response rate obtained was 70.3%. The definition of PV and ADR were correctly identified by 42% and 68.3% of participants, respectively. A noteworthy finding is that 95% of participants were aware of the existence of the ADR reporting system, and 88.9% knew the responsible regulatory agency. Participants showed a positive attitude towards PV and ADR reporting; 90.1% considered ADR reporting a part of professional obligation, and 94.1% believed that there should be collaboration between pharmacists and other healthcare professionals. A majority of participants (86.1%) had identified an ADR during their practice, and 71.3% had reported an ADR. The unavailability of a professional environment to discuss ADR and insufficient pharmacotherapy/clinical knowledge was cited as the main factors discouraging from reporting ADRs.Overall, the pharmacists had an average to good knowledge of and positive attitude towards PV and ADR reporting and a good ADR reporting practice. The concept of PV and ADR reporting should be further strengthened, and there is a vast potential for the same.

The drug hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is widely used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and has been repurposed for the treatment of COVID-19. This study aims to determine whether HCQ concentration levels in individuals with RA alter the incidence of COVID-19 or its complications.We collected plasma samples from 13 individuals with confirmed rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to measure HCQ concentration levels. The study included individuals at least 18 years old who had been taking HCQ for at least six months at daily doses ranging from 200 to 400 mg.The study enrolled a total of 13 RA patients. All patients were chronic HCQ users. Among the 13 patients, 7 patients were receiving HCQ at a dose of 200 mg per day, and 6 patients were receiving HCQ at a dose of 400 mg per day. COVID-19 confirmed cases accounted for approximately 46% of all patients. Half of the infected patients (n = 3) were taking a daily dose of 200 mg daily, while the other half were taking 400 mg daily. COVID-19 symptoms ranged from mild to moderate, and the intensity of the symptoms was not severe enough to necessitate hospitalization. COVID-19 symptoms in RA patients included headache, fever, fatigue, dry cough, and loss of taste or smell.Our findings indicated that there was no correlation between HCQ concentrations in rheumatoid arthritis patients and the occurrence of COVID-19 or its complications.

It would be inaccurate to state that Yemen’s difficulties began with the current civil war in September of 2014. While the war brought about its own list of insurmountable tribulations, it also exacerbated already present disasters. This article explores the many dynamics that have led to what has been referred to as the world’s worst humanitarian crisis. These include war, internal displacement, economic disaster, healthcare collapse, outbreaks in refugee camps, vaccination concerns, malnutrition, food insecurity, water sparsity, and infectious disease catastrophes. Along with accurate depictions of what is happening on the ground, this article suggests a few potential solutions worth investigating further, ranging from national and international efforts. With an ever-changing climate, this article serves to provide the most up to date impression of the current crisis and disasters.

Purpose The aim of this research is to examine the relationship between spiritual leadership and employee resilience. Specifically, this research explores how meaning mediates the relationship between spiritual leadership and employee resilience.Design/methodology/approach This quantitative study collected data from the 439 respondents using a seven-point Likert scale. Structural equation modeling was employed to test the relationship among spiritual leadership, meaning and employee resilience.Findings The results shows that spiritual leadership, directly and indirectly, influences employee resilience. Spiritual leadership also instills meaning among employees through exhibiting genuine concern and communicating a shared vision. This research also demonstrates that meaning cultivates employee resilience to survive and thrive in a challenging business environment.Practical implications First, organizations should assess, incorporate and promote altruistic values and shared vision in their leadership program and staffing process. Second, this study urges leaders and managers to create meaning in the workplace. Lastly, the COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the daily routines and order that humans are accustomed to, causing distressing circumstances for many people. This research calls for spiritual leadership to respond proactively by providing employees with support, appreciation and direction in those times.Originality/value This research moves forward the extant academic discussion on spiritual leadership, meaning and employee resilience in two ways. First, this study adds empirical evidence to the relationship between spiritual leadership and employee resilience, which has drawn scant attention from scholars. Second, this research buttresses the proposed framework from the perspective of positive psychology and broaden-and-build theory.

Purpose To test the applicability of the user-generated content (UGC) derived from social travel network sites for online reputation management, the purpose of this study is to analyze the spatial clustering of the reputable hotels (based on the TripAdvisor Best-Value indicator) and reputable outdoor seating restaurants (based on ranking indicator). Design/methodology/approach This study used data mining techniques to obtain the UGC from TripAdvisor. The Hierarchical Density-Based Spatial Clustering method based on algorithm (HDBSCAN) was used for robust cluster analysis. Findings The findings of this study revealed that best value (BV) hotels and reputable outdoor seating restaurants are most likely to be located in and around the central districts of the urban tourist destinations where population and economic activities are denser. BV hotels' spatiotemporal cluster analysis formed clusters of different sizes, densities and shape patterns. Research limitations/implications This study showed that reputable hotels and restaurants (H&Rs) are concentrated within districts near historic city centers. This should be an impetus for applied research on urban investment environments. Practical implications The findings would be rational guidance for entrepreneurs and potential investors on the most attractive tourism investment environments. Originality/value There has been a lack of studies focusing on analyzing the spatial clustering of the H&Rs using UGC. Therefore, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to map and analyze the spatiotemporal clustering patterns of reputable hotels (TripAdvisor BV indicator) and restaurants (ranking indicator). As such, this study makes a significant methodological contribution to urban tourism research by showing pattern change in H&Rs clustering using data mining and the HDBSCAN algorithm.

PurposeThe traditional failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) has some limitations, such as the neglect of relevant historical data, subjective use of rating numbering and the less rationality and accuracy of the Risk Priority Number. The current study proposes a machine learning–enhanced FMEA (ML-FMEA) method based on a popular machine learning tool, Waikato environment for knowledge analysis (WEKA).Design/methodology/approachThis work uses the collected FMEA historical data to predict the probability of component/product failure risk by machine learning based on different commonly used classifiers. To compare the correct classification rate of ML-FMEA based on different classifiers, the 10-fold cross-validation is employed. Moreover, the prediction error is estimated by repeated experiments with different random seeds under varying initialization settings. Finally, the case of the submersible pump in Bhattacharjee et al. (2020) is utilized to test the performance of the proposed method.FindingsThe results show that ML-FMEA, based on most of the commonly used classifiers, outperforms the Bhattacharjee model. For example, the ML-FMEA based on Random Committee improves the correct classification rate from 77.47 to 90.09 per cent and area under the curve of receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) from 80.9 to 91.8 per cent, respectively.Originality/valueThe proposed method not only enables the decision-maker to use the historical failure data and predict the probability of the risk of failure but also may pave a new way for the application of machine learning techniques in FMEA.

Purpose: The research study was prototyped to assess pharmacological activities (antimicrobial, anti-oxidant, phytotoxic and haemagglutination) of Agave americana, Mentha spicata and Mangifera indica leaves extracts. The positive outcomes of the study can aid in formulations of novel therapeutic opportunities by using natural, eco-friendly, and economic raw materials having least side effects and aced potency. Method: Leaves extracts of Agave americana, Mentha spicata and Mangifera indica were prepared using analytical grade ethanol, methanol, acetone and n-hexane. Then the extracts were subjected to antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, phytotoxic and haemagglutination assay. Well-diffusion antibacterial protocol was followed against pathogenic bacteria. Tube dilution antifungal protocol was followed against pathogenic fungi. DPPH radical scavenging assay at variable sample dilutions was followed for antioxidant assay. Lemna minor lethality assay was followed for phytotoxic assay. Haemagglutination assay were assessed against ABO blood groups. Results: Crude leaves extracts (aqueous, acetone, methanolic and ethanolic) of preferred plants i.e., Agave americana, Mentha spicata and Mangifera indica owned superlative antimicrobial efficacy against all test micro-organisms specifically Escherichia coli ((91%), Pseudomonas aeroginosa (85%), Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (81%) and mycelium of Fusarium oxysporum (85%) was halted by Agave americana leaves extracts. In comparison to these crude extracts of Mentha spicata terrifically halted growth of Proteus mirabilis (80%) while leaves extracts Mangifera indica halted growth of Streptococcus griseus (90%) respectively. Excellent antioxidant and phytotoxic efficacy were recorded at higher sample concentrations. No haemagglutination efficacy recorded. Conclusion: From the study it was concluded that leaves of Agave americana, Mentha spicata and Mangifera indica possess excellent antimicrobial potentials which can aid to formulation new antibiotics having excellent effects in least doses. These extracts can also be used to treat many maladies by eliminating reactive oxidants and promoting healthy metabolism. These extracts can also be utilized as ecofriendly and user-friendly herbicide.

قبيلة بني كِلاب من القبائل البدوية الفصيحة، فكانت مصدراً للغويين في أخذ اللغة منها، أو استشهدوا بفصاحتها في مستويات اللغة كافة، قال الزوزني:((وكان البدو ‌الكِلابيون، ممن كان العلماء يأخذون برأيهم في اللغة والغريب))([i]). إذ يدل هذا النص على فصاحة بني كِلاب وعلو شأنهم بين علماء اللغة، فقد كان جمع غفير من علماء اللغة ممن يستشهدون بلسان بني كِلاب في اللغة والغريب والقراءات القرآنية مثل الفراء وأبي زيد الأنصاري والأصمعي وابن السكيت والأزهري وغيرهم، فضلاً عن علماء اللغة من أعراب بني كِلاب أيضاً مثل أبي المضاء الكِلابي وأبي زياد الكِلابي وأبي قرّة الكلابي. لذلك جاء هذا البحث ليسلط الضوء على الظواهر اللغوية في لغة بني كِلاب في مظانها من بطون كتب التراث اللغوي وجمعها، ويبين صلتها بلغات القبائل العربية ، كقريش وتميم وقيس وأسد وعُقيل، وغيرها من القبائل الأخرى، ويُعنى بالتغيرات الصوتية لهذه اللهجات، من إبدال لغوي أو ظاهرة التعاقب في اللهجات، أو ظاهرة الوقف ، ثم ما جاء في المبحث الثاني (المستوى الصرفي) وتضمن معاني الأبنية الصرفية وظاهرة القلب المكاني والاعتلال بالقلب، وكذلك ما جاء في المبحث الثالث من المسائل النحوية كجزم الفعل المضارع بأنْ الناصبة أو النصب على الحال وغير ذلك من المسائل النحوية.

Stroke is a major cause of disability and causes a number of impairments including balance issues, gait impairments, and loss of daily life activities. The incidence of stroke is increasing in developing countries like Pakistan because of the increasing life stresses. The purpose of this research is to analyze the association of balance self-efficacy with activity and participation in chronic stroke patients. This was a cross-sectional studyconducted in Lahore; Pakistan in 2017. The population of the current study was chronic stroke patients. The study was completed within 3 months after the approval of the synopsis. Non-probability convenient sampling technique was employed to conduct this study. A Sample of 135 stroke patients was taken from a population of 3500 from the stroke care unit of above-mentioned hospital. Ischemic stroke patients and patients with 6months of stroke were included in this study. Unstable patients with other systemic diseases and with psychological issues were excluded from this study. ABC scale was used for the evaluation of balance self-efficacy and the Modified Barthel index was used for assessment activity and participation in stroke patients. The data was analyzed using SPSS v20. The result showed that the P value of balance self-efficacy is 0.000. As the P value is less than 0.05 so the association is significant. P value ≤ .05 was considered statistically significant. There is a significant association of balance self-efficacy with activity and participation in chronic stroke patients.

Due to the challenges associated with breast cancer prognosis, this study examined sialic acid levels based on subtypes, grades and therapeutic courses among breast cancer patients presenting at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH) in North-Western Nigeria between June 2019 and December 2020. This was a cross-sectional study. Sociodemographic characteristics, total sialic acid (TSA), free sialic acid (FSA), bound sialic acid (BSA) and haematological parameters were determined. The mean age of the respondents was 47.46 ± 10.71 years, and the modal age range was 41-50 years. About 40% of the patients had triple-negative breast cancer subtype, and 83.1% had invasive carcinoma. There was an association between breast cancer grade and body mass index (χ2= 26.306, P= 0.001). The TSA, FSA and BSA concentrations were significantly (P

Current research on triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has resulted in delineation into the quadruple-negative breast cancer (QNBC) subgroup. Epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation, histone posttranslational modifications and associated changes in chromatin architecture have been implicated in breast cancer pathogenesis. Herein, the authors highlight genes with observed epigenetic modifications that are associated with more aggressive TNBC/QNBC pathogenesis and possible interventions. Advanced literature searches were done on PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus and Google Scholar. The results suggest that nine epigenetically altered genes/differentially expressed proteins in addition to the downregulated androgen receptor are associated with TNBC aggressiveness and could be implicated in the TNBC to QNBC transition. Thus, restoring the normal expression of these genes via epigenetic reprogramming could be therapeutically beneficial to TNBC and QNBC patients.When the androgen hormone receptor becomes inactive in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients, it results in another subtype of breast cancer called quadruple-negative breast cancer (QNBC). This is because these patients already lack the biological activities of three other important hormone receptors. The functions of these receptors are targeted by some drugs used in the management of breast cancers, so the lack of these receptors in TNBC and QNBC patients is thought to be linked with poor response to treatment. Some epigenetic modifications are involved in a more severe disease that is very difficult to control in TNBC patients and could facilitate its transition to the more aggressive QNBC subtype. Treatment response could be improved by restoring the normal function of the altered genes by reversing the observed epigenetic alterations.

Improved knowledge among women about maternal risk factors significantly reduced the likelihood of adverse events in pregnancy and childbirth. This study aimed to explore Iraqi women's knowledge and attitudes about maternal risk factors in pregnancy. A multicenter cross-sectional survey was conducted from 01 January to 31 March 2019 among women of the reproductive age (15-49 years). A convenient sampling technique using a semi-structured questionnaire was recruited to interview the sample. SPSS version 16.0 was used to analyze the data. Descriptive and inferential statistics (Chi-square test) were used to present data with the significance level considered at

In developing countries, majority of the households use overhead water tanks to have running water. These water tanks are exposed to the elements, which usually render the tap water uncomfortable to use, given the extreme subtropical weather conditions. Externally weatherproofing these tanks to maintain the groundwater temperature is short-lived, and only results in a marginal (0.5°C–1°C) improvement in tap water temperature. We propose Ashray , an IoT-inspired, intelligent system to minimize the exposure of water to the elements thereby maintaining its temperature close to that of the groundwater. Ashray learns the water demand patterns of a household and pumps water into the overhead tank only when necessary. The predictive, machine learning based, approach of Ashray improves water comfort by up to 8°C in summers and 3°C in winters, on average. Ashray is retrofitted into existing infrastructure with a hardware prototyping cost of $27, whereas it can save up to 16% on water heating costs, through reduction in natural gas consumption, by leveraging groundwater temperature. Moreover, we also consider a transiently-powered Ashray , which uses the energy harvested from the ambient environment, and propose an intermittent data pipeline to improve its prediction accuracy. The transiently-powered Ashray is suitable for long-term deployment, requires minimal maintenance and delivers approximately the same performance. Ashray has the potential to improve the thermal comfort and reduce energy costs for millions of households in developing countries.

Using Vehicle Thermal Management (VTM) simulations to predict the thermal load experienced by components is a popular method within the automotive industry. The VTM simulation approach is fast becoming equivalent to conducting thermal load tests with prototypes for vehicles powered by internal combustion engines. This is especially true in the early development phase of the vehicle. The accuracy of the VTM simulations plays a pivotal role at them being accepted as an eventual replacement for physical testing. The correct prediction of thermal loads in VTM simulations depends on a multitude of different parameters, but the modelling of the exhaust system plays a central role in it. This is because the exhaust gas, and with it the exhaust system, is the primary source of heat in a vehicle powered by an internal combustion engine. The developed approach not only needs to be accurate but also modular enough to allow for different exhaust configurations to be tested. It also needs to be capable of integration into any VTM simulation workflow while maintaining an industrially acceptable turnaround time. This paper explores a new methodology to achieve these requirements. A 1D/3D hybrid approach to exhaust system modelling is presented. In this, the components that have an enthalpy change of the exhaust gas, such as the turbocharger, have been modelled as 1D and simple components such as pipes have been modelled in 3D. This has the advantage of combining the speed of 1D simulations with the spatial accuracy of 3D simulations. The method uses a unique three-code co-simulation technique for full vehicle VTM simulations. The coupling is between a 3D CFD software, a 1D simulation tool, and a Finite Element based thermal solver. The methodology was validated against experimental data for multiple loadcases. The results show good agreement with experiment within acceptable tolerances.

Background: Breastfeeding has always been proven beneficial for infant and mother’s health in every era. Thus, the present study was conducted to assess mothers' infant and young child feeding practices in Karachi, Pakistan, and their knowledge about the health impacts on their children. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey-based study including 1200 mother-child pairs was conducted from March to November 2020. Mothers' knowledge toward indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding practices (IYCF) questionnaire was used and scored using a four-point Likert scale. Results: Out of the total, most of the females were un-educated (97%), and the majority of them belonged to the middle class (49%). It was also found that 96% of the mother had breastfed their child, and more interestingly, 35% breastfed their child for 2 years. Almost 82% of mothers preferred breastfeeding and considered it necessary for the child. It was found that females had excellent knowledge about the young child feeding practices and their health impacts (66%). Furthermore, mother age, marital status, socioeconomic status (SES), number of children, occupation, personal and family disease history were significantly associated with the knowledge level of the mothers (p

Thyroid dysfunction, diabetes, and dyslipidemia are significant health problems worldwide. They affect each other, and clinicians must be aware of the association between diabetic dyslipidemia and thyroid dysfunction to provide effective treatment and sound management for both. This study investigates the prevalence of thyroid disorder and its association with glycated hemoglobin and lipid profile in Najran city of Saudi Arabia. In this investigation, 2,741 (1,610 females and 1,131 males) laboratory findings of the commercial laboratories were screened over 2 years in Najran city of Saudi Arabia. The thyroid dysfunction associated with diabetes and dyslipidemia was a common laboratory finding, with a prevalence of 12.1% primary hypothyroidism, 34.5% subclinical hypothyroidism, 8.6% primary hyperthyroidism, and 4.2% subclinical hyperthyroidism. The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism, primary hyperthyroidism, and subclinical hyperthyroidism was considerably higher in females (P < 0.05). The overall prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes was 19.9% and 26%, respectively. The biochemical investigation of the study population showed that the prediabetic and diabetic group of the people with thyroid dysfunction had a significantly high prevalence (P < 0.05) of total cholesterol low-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides than the nondiabetic subject in the euthyroid group. However, the nondiabetic study subject had a significantly higher serum high-density lipoprotein.

Nanotechnology has been around since the beginning of time but its emergence in the field of science and technology began in the late 1950’s since then it has grown leaps and bound in different fields of science including dentistry. This paper aims to highlight and review the advent, current scenario and the future of nanodentistry which is an integrated terminology formulated by the combination of nanotechnology and dentistry. Key words: Nanodentistry, Nanotechnology, Dentistry.