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1. Electroclinical Features and Long-term Seizure Outcome in Patients With Eyelid Myoclonia With Absences

Author

Cerulli Irelli, Emanuele, Cocchi, Enrico, Ramantani, Georgia, Caraballo, Roberto H, Giuliano, Loretta, Yilmaz, Tulay, Morano, Alessandra, Panagiotakaki, Eleni, Operto, Francesca F, Gonzalez Giraldez, Beatriz, Silvennoinen, Katri, Casciato, Sara, Comajuan, Marion, Balestrini, Simona, Fortunato, Francesco, Coppola, Antonietta, Di Gennaro, Giancarlo, Labate, Angelo, Sofia, Vito, Kluger, Gerhard J, Kasteleijn-Nolst Trenité, Dorothée G A, Gambardella, Antonio, Baykan, Betul, Sisodiya, Sanjay M, Arzimanoglou, Alexis, Striano, Pasquale, Di Bonaventura, Carlo, Irelli, Emanuele Cerulli, Cocchi, Enrico, Ramantani, Georgia, Caraballo, Roberto H, Giuliano, Loretta, Yilmaz, Tulay, Morano, Alessandra, Panagiotakaki, Eleni, Operto, Francesca F, Giraldez, Beatriz Gonzalez, Silvennoinen, Katri, Casciato, Sara, Comajuan, Marion, Balestrini, Simona, Fortunato, Francesco, Coppola, Antonietta, Di Gennaro, Giancarlo, Labate, Angelo, Sofia, Vito, Kluger, Gerhard J, Kasteleijn-Nolst Trenité, Dorothée G A, Gambardella, Antonio, Baykan, Betul, Sisodiya, Sanjay M, Arzimanoglou, Alexi, Striano, Pasquale, Di Bonaventura, Carlo, and University of Zurich

Subjects
Myoclonus, Epilepsy, Eyelids, 610 Medicine & health, Electroencephalography, Seizures, Febrile, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome, Febrile, 2728 Neurology (clinical), Status Epilepticus, 10036 Medical Clinic, Recurrence, Seizures, Child, Preschool, Humans, Anticonvulsants, Neurology (clinical), Preschool, Child, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

Background and ObjectivesEyelid myoclonia (EM) with absences (EMA) is a generalized epilepsy syndrome with a prognosis and clinical characteristics that are still partially undefined. We investigated electroclinical endophenotypes and long-term seizure outcome in a large cohort of patients with EMA.MethodsIn this multicenter retrospective study, patients with EMA with ≥5 years of follow-up were included. We investigated prognostic patterns and sustained terminal remission (STR), along with their prognostic factors. Moreover, a 2-step cluster analysis was used to investigate the presence of distinct EMA endophenotypes.ResultsWe included 172 patients with a median age at onset of 7 years (interquartile range [IQR] 5–10 years) and a median follow-up duration of 14 years (IQR 8.25–23.75 years). Sixty-six patients (38.4%) displayed a nonremission pattern, whereas remission and relapse patterns were encountered in 56 (32.6%) and 50 (29.1%) participants. Early epilepsy onset, history of febrile seizures (FS), and EM status epilepticus significantly predicted a nonremission pattern according to multinomial logistic regression analysis. STR was achieved by 68 (39.5%) patients with a mean latency of 14.05 years (SD ±12.47 years). Early epilepsy onset, psychiatric comorbid conditions, and a history of FS and generalized tonic-clonic seizures were associated with a lower probability of achieving STR according to a Cox regression proportional hazards model. Antiseizure medication (ASM) withdrawal was attempted in 62 of 172 patients, and seizures recurred in 74.2%. Cluster analysis revealed 2 distinct clusters with 86 patients each. Cluster 2, which we defined as EMA-plus, was characterized by an earlier age at epilepsy onset, higher rate of intellectual disability, EM status epilepticus, generalized paroxysmal fast activity, self-induced seizures, FS, and poor ASM response, whereas cluster 1, the EMA-only cluster, was characterized by a higher rate of seizure remission and more favorable neuropsychiatric outcome.DiscussionEarly epilepsy onset was the most relevant prognostic factor for poor treatment response. A long latency between epilepsy onset and ASM response was observed, suggesting the effect of age-related brain changes in EMA remission. Last, our cluster analysis showed a clear-cut distinction of patients with EMA into an EMA-plus insidious subphenotype and an EMA-only benign cluster that strongly differed in terms of remission rates and cognitive outcomes.

Published
2022
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2. KCNT2-related disorders: phenotypes, functional and pharmacological properties

Author

Cioclu, Maria Cristina, Mosca, Ilaria, Ambrosino, Paolo, Puzo, Deborah, Bayat, Allan, Wortmann, Saskia B, Koch, Johannes, Strehlow, Vincent, Shirai, Kentaro, Matsumoto, Naomichi, Sanders, Stephan J, Michaud, Vincent, Legendre, Marine, Riva, Antonella, Striano, Pasquale, Muhle, Hiltrud, Pendziwiat, Manuela, Lesca, Gaetan, Mangano, Giuseppe Donato, Nardello, Rosaria, Lemke, Johannes R, Møller, Rikke S, Soldovieri, Maria Virginia, Rubboli, Guido, Taglialatela, Maurizio, Cioclu, Maria Cristina, Mosca, Ilaria, Ambrosino, Paolo, Puzo, Deborah, Bayat, Allan, Wortmann, Saskia B, Koch, Johanne, Strehlow, Vincent, Shirai, Kentaro, Matsumoto, Naomichi, Sanders, Stephan J, Michaud, Vincent, Legendre, Marine, Riva, Antonella, Striano, Pasquale, Muhle, Hiltrud, Pendziwiat, Manuela, Lesca, Gaetan, Mangano, Giuseppe Donato, Nardello, Rosaria, Lemke, Johannes R, Møller, Rikke S, Soldovieri, Maria Virginia, Rubboli, Guido, and Taglialatela, Maurizio

Abstract

Objective: Pathogenic variants in KCNT2 are rare causes of developmental epileptic encephalopathy (DEE). We herein describe the phenotypic and genetic features of patients with KCNT2-related DEE, and the in vitro functional and pharmacological properties of KCNT2 channels carrying fourteen novel or previously untested variants. Methods: 25 patients harbouring KCNT2 variants were investigated: 12 were identified through an international collaborative network, 13 were retrieved from the literature. Clinical data were collected and included in a standardized phenotyping sheet. Novel variants were detected using exome sequencing and classified using ACMG criteria. Functional and pharmacological studies were performed by whole-cell electrophysiology in HEK-293 cells. Results: The phenotypic spectrum encompassed: a) Intellectual disability/Developmental delay (21/22 individuals with available information), ranging from mild to severe/profound; b) epilepsy (15/25); c) neurological impairment, with altered muscle tone (14/22); d) dysmorphisms (13/20). Nineteen pathogenic KCNT2 variants were found (nine new, ten reported previously): 16 missense, one in-frame deletion of a single amino acid, one nonsense, and one frameshift. Among tested variants, eight showed gain-of-function (GoF), and six loss-of-function (LoF) features when expressed heterologously in vitro. Quinidine and fluoxetine blocked all GoF variants, whereas loxapine and riluzole activated some LoF variants while blocking others. Interpretation: We expanded the phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of KCNT2-related disorders, highlighting novel genotype-phenotype associations. Pathogenic KCNT2 variants cause GoF or LoF in vitro phenotypes, and each shows a unique pharmacological profile, suggesting the need for in vitro functional and pharmacological investigation to enable targeted therapies based on the molecular phenotype. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Published
2023

3. Twist exome capture allows for lower average sequence coverage in clinical exome sequencing

Author

Yaldiz, Burcu, Kucuk, Erdi, Hampstead, Juliet, Hofste, Tom, Pfundt, Rolph, Corominas Galbany, Jordi, Rinne, Tuula, Yntema, Helger G., Hoischen, Alexander, Nelen, Marcel, Gilissen, Christian, consortium, Solve-R. D., Riess, Olaf, Haack, Tobias B., Graessner, Holm, Zurek, Birte, Ellwanger, Kornelia, Ossowski, Stephan, Demidov, German, Sturm, Marc, Schulze-Hentrich, Julia M., Schüle, Rebecca, Xu, Jishu, Kessler, Christoph, Wayand, Melanie, Synofzik, Matthis, Wilke, Carlo, Traschütz, Andreas, Schöls, Ludger, Hengel, Holger, Lerche, Holger, Kegele, Josua, Heutink, Peter, Brunner, Han, Scheffer, Hans, Hoogerbrugge, Nicoline, Hoen, Peter A. C. T, Vissers, Lisenka E. L. M., Steyaert, Wouter, Sablauskas, Karolis, de Voer, Richarda M., Kamsteeg, Erik-Jan, van de Warrenburg, Bart, van Os, Nienke, te Paske, Iris, Janssen, Erik, de Boer, Elke, Steehouwer, Marloes, Kleefstra, Tjitske, Brookes, Anthony J., Veal, Colin, Gibson, Spencer, Maddi, Vatsalya, Mehtarizadeh, Mehdi, Riaz, Umar, Warren, Greg, Dizjikan, Farid Yavari, Shorter, Thomas, Töpf, Ana, Straub, Volker, Bettolo, Chiara Marini, Manera, Jordi Diaz, Hambleton, Sophie, Engelhardt, Karin, Clayton-Smith, Jill, Banka, Siddharth, Alexander, Elizabeth, Jackson, Adam, Faivre, Laurence, Thauvin, Christel, Vitobello, Antonio, Denommé-Pichon, Anne-Sophie, Duffourd, Yannis, Bruel, Ange-Line, Peyron, Christine, Pélissier, Aurore, Beltran, Sergi, Gut, Ivo Glynne, Laurie, Steven, Piscia, Davide, Matalonga, Leslie, Papakonstantinou, Anastasios, Bullich, Gemma, Corvo, Alberto, Fernandez-Callejo, Marcos, Hernández, Carles, Picó, Daniel, Paramonov, Ida, Lochmüller, Hanns, Gumus, Gulcin, Bros-Facer, Virginie, Rath, Ana, Hanauer, Marc, Lagorce, David, Hongnat, Oscar, Chahdil, Maroua, Lebreton, Emeline, Stevanin, Giovanni, Durr, Alexandra, Davoine, Claire-Sophie, Guillot-Noel, Léna, Heinzmann, Anna, Coarelli, Giulia, Bonne, Gisèle, Evangelista, Teresinha, Allamand, Valérie, Nelson, Isabelle, Yaou, Rabah Ben, Metay, Corinne, Eymard, Bruno, Cohen, Enzo, Atalaia, Antonio, Stojkovic, Tanya, Macek, Milan, Turnovec, Marek, Thomasová, Dana, Kremliková, Radka Pourová, Franková, Vera, Havlovicová, Markéta, Lišková, Petra, Doležalová, Pavla, Parkinson, Helen, Keane, Thomas, Freeberg, Mallory, Thomas, Coline, Spalding, Dylan, Robinson, Peter, Danis, Daniel, Robert, Glenn, Costa, Alessia, Patch, Christine, Hanna, Mike, Houlden, Henry, Reilly, Mary, Vandrovcova, Jana, Efthymiou, Stephanie, Morsy, Heba, Cali, Elisa, Magrinelli, Francesca, Sisodiya, Sanjay M., Rohrer, Jonathan, Muntoni, Francesco, Zaharieva, Irina, Sarkozy, Anna, Timmerman, Vincent, Baets, Jonathan, de Vries, Geert, De Winter, Jonathan, Beijer, Danique, de Jonghe, Peter, Van de Vondel, Liedewei, De Ridder, Willem, Weckhuysen, Sarah, Nigro, Vincenzo, Mutarelli, Margherita, Morleo, Manuela, Pinelli, Michele, Varavallo, Alessandra, Banfi, Sandro, Torella, Annalaura, Musacchia, Francesco, Piluso, Giulio, Ferlini, Alessandra, Selvatici, Rita, Gualandi, Francesca, Bigoni, Stefania, Rossi, Rachele, Neri, Marcella, Aretz, Stefan, Spier, Isabel, Sommer, Anna Katharina, Peters, Sophia, Oliveira, Carla, Pelaez, Jose Garcia, Matos, Ana Rita, José, Celina São, Ferreira, Marta, Gullo, Irene, Fernandes, Susana, Garrido, Luzia, Ferreira, Pedro, Carneiro, Fátima, Swertz, Morris A., Johansson, Lennart, van der Velde, Joeri K., van der Vries, Gerben, Neerincx, Pieter B., Ruvolo, David, Abbott, Kristin M., Frederikse, Wilhemina Skerstjens, Zonneveld-Huijssoon, Eveline, Roelofs-Prins, Dieuwke, van Gijn, Marielle, Köhler, Sebastian, Metcalfe, Alison, Verloes, Alain, Drunat, Séverine, Heron, Delphine, Mignot, Cyril, Keren, Boris, de Sainte Agathe, Jean-Madeleine, Rooryck, Caroline, Lacombe, Didier, Trimouille, Aurelien, De la Paz, Manuel Posada, Sánchez, Eva Bermejo, Martín, Estrella López, Delgado, Beatriz Martínez, de la Rosa, F. Javier Alonso García, Ciolfi, Andrea, Dallapiccola, Bruno, Pizzi, Simone, Radio, Francesca Clementina, Tartaglia, Marco, Renieri, Alessandra, Furini, Simone, Fallerini, Chiara, Benetti, Elisa, Balicza, Peter, Molnar, Maria Judit, Maver, Ales, Peterlin, Borut, Münchau, Alexander, Lohmann, Katja, Herzog, Rebecca, Pauly, Martje, Macaya, Alfons, Cazurro-Gutiérrez, Ana, Pérez-Dueñas, Belén, Munell, Francina, Jarava, Clara Franco, Masó, Laura Batlle, Marcé-Grau, Anna, Colobran, Roger, Osorio, Andrés Nascimento, de Benito, Daniel Natera, Thompson, Rachel, Polavarapu, Kiran, Grimbacher, Bodo, Beeson, David, Cossins, Judith, Hackman, Peter, Johari, Mridul, Savarese, Marco, Udd, Bjarne, Horvath, Rita, Chinnery, Patrick F., Ratnaike, Thiloka, Gao, Fei, Schon, Katherine, Capella, Gabriel, Valle, Laura, Holinski-Feder, Elke, Laner, Andreas, Steinke-Lange, Verena, Schröck, Evelin, Rump, Andreas, Başak, Ayşe Nazlı, Hemelsoet, Dimitri, Dermaut, Bart, Schuermans, Nika, Poppe, Bruce, Verdin, Hannah, Mei, Davide, Vetro, Annalisa, Balestrini, Simona, Guerrini, Renzo, Claeys, Kristl, Santen, Gijs W. E., Bijlsma, Emilia K., Hoffer, Mariette J. V., Ruivenkamp, Claudia A. L., Boztug, Kaan, Haimel, Matthias, Maystadt, Isabelle, Cordts, Isabelle, Deschauer, Marcus, Zaganas, Ioannis, Kokosali, Evgenia, Lambros, Mathioudakis, Evangeliou, Athanasios, Spilioti, Martha, Kapaki, Elisabeth, Bourbouli, Mara, Striano, Pasquale, Zara, Federico, Riva, Antonella, Iacomino, Michele, Uva, Paolo, Scala, Marcello, Scudieri, Paolo, Cilio, Maria-Roberta, Carpancea, Evelina, Depondt, Chantal, Lederer, Damien, Sznajer, Yves, Duerinckx, Sarah, Mary, Sandrine, Depienne, Christel, Roos, Andreas, May, Patrick, and Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB): Bioinformatics Core (R. Schneider Group) [research center]

Subjects
Multidisciplinaire, généralités & autres [D99] [Sciences de la santé humaine], Genetics & genetic processes [F10] [Life sciences], Génétique & processus génétiques [F10] [Sciences du vivant], Multidisciplinary, general & others [D99] [Human health sciences]
Abstract

Background Exome and genome sequencing are the predominant techniques in the diagnosis and research of genetic disorders. Sufficient, uniform and reproducible/consistent sequence coverage is a main determinant for the sensitivity to detect single-nucleotide (SNVs) and copy number variants (CNVs). Here we compared the ability to obtain comprehensive exome coverage for recent exome capture kits and genome sequencing techniques. Results We compared three different widely used enrichment kits (Agilent SureSelect Human All Exon V5, Agilent SureSelect Human All Exon V7 and Twist Bioscience) as well as short-read and long-read WGS. We show that the Twist exome capture significantly improves complete coverage and coverage uniformity across coding regions compared to other exome capture kits. Twist performance is comparable to that of both short- and long-read whole genome sequencing. Additionally, we show that even at a reduced average coverage of 70× there is only minimal loss in sensitivity for SNV and CNV detection. Conclusion We conclude that exome sequencing with Twist represents a significant improvement and could be performed at lower sequence coverage compared to other exome capture techniques.

Published
2023

4. A randomized, double-blind trial of triheptanoin for drug-resistant epilepsy in glucose transporter 1 deficiency syndrome

Author

Striano, Pasquale, Auvin, Stéphane, Collins, Abigail, Horvath, Rita, Scheffer, Ingrid E, Tzadok, Michal, Miller, Ian, Kay Koenig, Mary, Lacy, Adrian, Davis, Ronald, Garcia-Cazorla, Angela, Saneto, Russell P, Brandabur, Melanie, Blair, Susan, Koutsoukos, Tony, De Vivo, Darryl, Striano, Pasquale [0000-0002-6065-1476], Auvin, Stéphane [0000-0003-3874-9749], Scheffer, Ingrid E [0000-0002-2311-2174], Miller, Ian [0000-0003-0416-1015], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Adult, Drug Resistant Epilepsy, Glucose Transporter Type 1, drug resistance, Adolescent, Monosaccharide Transport Proteins, diet treatment, triheptanoin, glucose transporter 1 deficiency syndrome, Treatment Outcome, Double-Blind Method, Epilepsy, Absence, Seizures, epilepsy, Humans, Anticonvulsants, Drug Therapy, Combination, Child, Triglycerides, Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Errors
Abstract

Funder: Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc.; Id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100013220, OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to evaluate efficacy and long-term safety of triheptanoin in patients >1 year old, not on a ketogenic diet, with drug-resistant seizures associated with glucose transporter 1 deficiency syndrome (Glut1DS). METHODS: UX007G-CL201 was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Following a 6-week baseline period, eligible patients were randomized 3:1 to triheptanoin or placebo. Dosing was titrated to 35% of total daily calories over 2 weeks. After an 8-week placebo-controlled period, all patients received open-label triheptanoin through Week 52. RESULTS: The study included 36 patients (15 children, 13 adolescents, eight adults). A median 12.6% reduction in overall seizure frequency was observed in the triheptanoin arm relative to baseline, and a 13.5% difference was observed relative to placebo (p = .58). In patients with absence seizures only (n = 9), a median 62.2% reduction in seizure frequency was observed in the triheptanoin arm relative to baseline. Only one patient with absence seizures only was present in the control group, preventing comparison. No statistically significant differences in seizure frequency were observed. Common treatment-emergent adverse events included diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and nausea, mostly mild or moderate in severity. No serious adverse events were considered to be treatment related. One patient discontinued due to status epilepticus. SIGNIFICANCE: Triheptanoin did not significantly reduce seizure frequency in patients with Glut1DS not on the ketogenic diet. Treatment was associated with mild to moderate gastrointestinal treatment-related events; most resolved following dose reduction or interruption and/or medication for treatment. Triheptanoin was not associated with any long-term safety concerns when administered at dose levels up to 35% of total daily caloric intake for up to 1 year.

Published
2022

7. Sex-based electroclinical differences and prognostic factors in epilepsy with eyelid myoclonia

Author

Cerulli Irelli, Emanuele, Cocchi, Enrico, Ramantani, Georgia, Morano, Alessandra, Riva, Antonella, Caraballo, Roberto H, Giuliano, Loretta, Yilmaz, Tülay, Panagiotakaki, Eleni, Operto, Francesca F, Giraldez, Beatriz Gonzalez, Balestrini, Simona, Silvennoinen, Katri, Casciato, Sara, Comajuan, Marion, Fortunato, Francesco, Giallonardo, Anna T, Gamirova, Rimma, Coppola, Antonietta, Di Gennaro, Giancarlo, Labate, Angelo, Sofia, Vito, Kluger, Gerhard J, Gambardella, Antonio, Kasteleijn-Nolst Trenite, Dorothee, Baykan, Betul, Sisodiya, Sanjay M, Arzimanoglou, Alexis, Striano, Pasquale, and Di Bonaventura, Carlo

Subjects
drug resistance, Jeavons syndrome, catamenial seizures, genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE), photosensitivity
Published
2023

8. Genotype-phenotype spectrum and correlations in Xia-Gibbs syndrome: Report of five novel cases and literature review

Author

Romano, Ferruccio, Falco, Mariateresa, Cappuccio, Gerarda, Brunetti-Pierri, Nicola, Lonardo, Fortunato, Torella, Annalaura, Digilio, Maria Cristina, Dentici, Maria Lisa, Alfieri, Paolo, Agolini, Emanuele, Novelli, Antonio, Garavelli, Livia, Accogli, Andrea, Striano, Pasquale, Scarano, Gioacchino, Nigro, Vincenzo, Scala, Marcello, Capra, Valeria, Romano, Ferruccio, Falco, Mariateresa, Cappuccio, Gerarda, Brunetti-Pierri, Nicola, Lonardo, Fortunato, Torella, Annalaura, Digilio, Maria Cristina, Dentici, Maria Lisa, Alfieri, Paolo, Agolini, Emanuele, Novelli, Antonio, Garavelli, Livia, Accogli, Andrea, Striano, Pasquale, Scarano, Gioacchino, Nigro, Vincenzo, Scala, Marcello, and Capra, Valeria

Subjects
Embryology, AHDC1, loss-of-function variant, Genotype, Xia-Gibbs syndrome, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, DNA-Binding Protein, DNA repair, DNA, genotype-phenotype correlation, Toxicology, neurodevelopmental syndrome, Epigenesis, Genetic, Musculoskeletal Abnormalities, Phenotype, Intellectual Disability, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Abnormalities, Multiple, Developmental Biology, Human
Abstract

Background Xia-Gibbs syndrome (XGS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the AT-hook DNA-binding motif-containing 1 gene (AHDC1), encoding a protein with a crucial role in transcription and epigenetic regulation, axonogenesis, brain function, and neurodevelopment. AHDC1 variants possibly act through a dominant-negative mechanism and may interfere with DNA repair processes, leading to genome instability and impaired DNA translesion repair. Variants affecting residues closer to the N-terminal are thought to determine a milder phenotype with better cognitive performances. However, clean-cut genotype-phenotype correlations are still lacking. Cases In this study, we investigated five subjects with XGS in whom exome sequencing led to the identification of five novel de novo pathogenic variants in AHDC1. All variants were extremely rare and predicted to cause a loss of protein function. The phenotype of the reported patients included developmental delay, hypotonia, and distinctive facial dysmorphisms. Additionally, uncommon clinical features were observed, including congenital hypothyroidism and peculiar skeletal abnormalities. Conclusions In this study, we report uncommon XGS features associated with five novel truncating variants in AHDC, thus expanding the genotype and phenotypic spectrum of this complex condition. We also compared our cases to previously reported cases, discussing the current status of genotype-phenotype correlations in XGS.

Published
2022

9. Pediatric Moyamoya Disease and Syndrome in Italy: A Multicenter Cohort

Author

Po', Chiara, Nosadini, Margherita, Zedde, Marialuisa, Pascarella, Rosario, Mirone, Giuseppe, Cicala, Domenico, Rosati, Anna, Cosi, Alessandra, Toldo, Irene, Colombatti, Raffaella, Martelli, Paola, Iodice, Alessandro, Accorsi, Patrizia, Giordano, Lucio, Savasta, Salvatore, Foiadelli, Thomas, Sanfilippo, Giuseppina, Lafe, Elvis, Thyrion, Federico Zappoli, Polonara, Gabriele, Campa, Serena, Raviglione, Federico, Scelsa, Barbara, Bova, Stefania Maria, Greco, Filippo, Cordelli, Duccio Maria, Cirillo, Luigi, Toni, Francesco, Baro, Valentina, Causin, Francesco, Frigo, Anna Chiara, Suppiej, Agnese, Sainati, Laura, Azzolina, Danila, Agostini, Manuela, Cesaroni, Elisabetta, De Carlo, Luigi, Di Rosa, Gabriella, Esposito, Giacomo, Grazian, Luisa, Morini, Giovanna, Nicita, Francesco, Operto, Francesca Felicia, Pruna, Dario, Ragazzi, Paola, Rollo, Massimo, Spalice, Alberto, Striano, Pasquale, Skabar, Aldo, Lanterna, Luigi Alberto, Carai, Andrea, Marras, Carlo Efisio, Manara, Renzo, Sartori, Stefano, Po', Chiara, Nosadini, Margherita, Zedde, Marialuisa, Pascarella, Rosario, Mirone, Giuseppe, Cicala, Domenico, Rosati, Anna, Cosi, Alessandra, Toldo, Irene, Colombatti, Raffaella, Martelli, Paola, Iodice, Alessandro, Accorsi, Patrizia, Giordano, Lucio, Savasta, Salvatore, Foiadelli, Thoma, Sanfilippo, Giuseppina, Lafe, Elvi, Thyrion, Federico Zappoli, Polonara, Gabriele, Campa, Serena, Raviglione, Federico, Scelsa, Barbara, Bova, Stefania Maria, Greco, Filippo, Cordelli, Duccio Maria, Cirillo, Luigi, Toni, Francesco, Baro, Valentina, Causin, Francesco, Frigo, Anna Chiara, Suppiej, Agnese, Sainati, Laura, Azzolina, Danila, Agostini, Manuela, Cesaroni, Elisabetta, De Carlo, Luigi, Di Rosa, Gabriella, Esposito, Giacomo, Grazian, Luisa, Morini, Giovanna, Nicita, Francesco, Operto, Francesca Felicia, Pruna, Dario, Ragazzi, Paola, Rollo, Massimo, Spalice, Alberto, Striano, Pasquale, Skabar, Aldo, Lanterna, Luigi Alberto, Carai, Andrea, Marras, Carlo Efisio, Manara, Renzo, and Sartori, Stefano

Subjects
arteriopathy, indirect revascularization, aspirin, moyamoya, cerebrovascular event, transient ischemic attack, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, cerebrovascular events, headache, stroke, NO
Abstract

BackgroundMoyamoya is a rare progressive cerebral arteriopathy, occurring as an isolated phenomenon (moyamoya disease, MMD) or associated with other conditions (moyamoya syndrome, MMS), responsible for 6–10% of all childhood strokes and transient ischemic attacks (TIAs).MethodsWe conducted a retrospective multicenter study on pediatric-onset MMD/MMS in Italy in order to characterize disease presentation, course, management, neuroradiology, and outcome in a European country.ResultsA total of 65 patients (34/65 women) with MMD (27/65) or MMS (38/65) were included. About 18% (12/65) of patients were asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally during investigations performed for an underlying condition (incMMS), whereas 82% (53/65) of patients with MMD or MMS were diagnosed due to the presence of neurological symptoms (symptMMD/MMS). Of these latter, before diagnosis, 66% (43/65) of patients suffered from cerebrovascular events with or without other manifestations (ischemic stroke 42%, 27/65; TIA 32%, 21/65; and no hemorrhagic strokes), 18% (12/65) of them reported headache (in 4/12 headache was not associated with any other manifestation), and 26% (17/65) of them experienced multiple phenotypes (≥2 among: stroke/TIA/seizures/headache/others). Neuroradiology disclosed ≥1 ischemic lesion in 67% (39/58) of patients and posterior circulation involvement in 51% (30/58) of them. About 73% (47/64) of patients underwent surgery, and 69% (45/65) of them received aspirin, but after diagnosis, further stroke events occurred in 20% (12/61) of them, including operated patients (11%, 5/47). Between symptom onset and last follow-up, the overall patient/year incidence of stroke was 10.26% (IC 95% 7.58–13.88%). At last follow-up (median 4 years after diagnosis, range 0.5–15), 43% (26/61) of patients had motor deficits, 31% (19/61) of them had intellectual disability, 13% (8/61) of them had epilepsy, 11% (7/61) of them had behavioral problems, and 25% (13/52) of them had mRS > 2. The proportion of final mRS > 2 was significantly higher in patients with symptMMD/MMS than in patients with incMMS (p = 0.021). Onset age p = 0.0010 and p = 0.0071, respectively) and mRS > 2 at follow-up (p = 0.0106 and p = 0.0009, respectively).ConclusionsMoyamoya is a severe condition that may affect young children and frequently cause cerebrovascular events throughout the disease course, but may also manifest with multiple and non-cerebrovascular clinical phenotypes including headache (isolated or associated with other manifestations), seizures, and movement disorder. Younger onset age and stroke before diagnosis may associate with increased risk of worse outcome (final mRS > 2).

Published
2022

10. The ENIGMA‐Epilepsy working group: Mapping disease from large data sets

Author

Sisodiya, Sanjay M., Whelan, Christopher D., Hatton, Sean N., Huynh, Khoa, Altmann, Andre, Ryten, Mina, Vezzani, Annamaria, Caligiuri, Maria Eugenia, Labate, Angelo, Gambardella, Antonio, Ives‐Deliperi, Victoria, Meletti, Stefano, Munsell, Brent C., Bonilha, Leonardo, Tondelli, Manuela, Rebsamen, Michael, Rummel, Christian, Vaudano, Anna Elisabetta, Wiest, Roland, Balachandra, Akshara R., Bargalló, Núria, Bartolini, Emanuele, Bernasconi, Andrea, Bernasconi, Neda, Bernhardt, Boris, Caldairou, Benoit, Carr, Sarah J.A., Cavalleri, Gianpiero L., Cendes, Fernando, Concha, Luis, Desmond, Patricia M., Domin, Martin, Duncan, John S., Focke, Niels K., Guerrini, Renzo, Hamandi, Khalid, Jackson, Graeme D., Jahanshad, Neda, Kälviäinen, Reetta, Keller, Simon S., Kochunov, Peter, Kowalczyk, Magdalena A., Kreilkamp, Barbara A.K., Kwan, Patrick, Lariviere, Sara, Lenge, Matteo, Lopez, Seymour M., Martin, Pascal, Mascalchi, Mario, Moreira, José C.V., Morita‐Sherman, Marcia E., Pardoe, Heath R., Pariente, Jose C., Raviteja, Kotikalapudi, Rocha, Cristiane S., Rodríguez‐Cruces, Raúl, Seeck, Margitta, Semmelroch, Mira K.H.G., Sinclair, Benjamin, Soltanian‐Zadeh, Hamid, Stein, Dan J., Striano, Pasquale, Taylor, Peter N., Thomas, Rhys H., Thomopoulos, Sophia I., Velakoulis, Dennis, Vivash, Lucy, Weber, Bernd, Yasuda, Clarissa Lin, Zhang, Junsong, Thompson, Paul M., McDonald, Carrie R., Abela, Eugenio, Absil, Julie, Adams, Sophia, Alhusaini, Saud, Alvim, Marina, Balestrini, Simona, Bender, Benjamin, Bergo, Felipe, Bernardes, Tauana, Calvo, Anna, Carreno, Mar, Cherubini, Andrea, David, Philippe, Davoodi‐Bojd, Esmaeil, Delanty, Norman, Depondt, Chantal, Devinsky, Orrin, Doherty, Colin, França, Wendy Caroline, Franceschet, Leticia, Hibar, Derrek P., Ishikawa, Akari, Kaestner, Erik, Langner, Soenke, Liu, Min, Mirandola, Laura, Naylor, Jillian, Nazem‐Zadeh, Mohammad‐reza, O'Brien, Terence J., Ribeiro, Letícia F., Richardson, Mark, Rosenow, Felix, Severino, Mariasavina, Shuai, Chen, Tortora, Domenico, von Podewils, Felix, Vos, Sjoerd B., Wagner, Jan, and Zhang, Guohao

Subjects
Connectomics, Disease, Review Article, rsfMRI, 050105 experimental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, Epilepsy, 0302 clinical medicine, Neuroimaging, quantitative, Medical imaging, medicine, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, genetics, Review Articles, Cognitive science, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, Resting state fMRI, event-based modeling, covariance, deep learning, DTI, gene expression, imaging, MRI, 05 social sciences, event‐based modeling, medicine.disease, Neurology, Epilepsy syndromes, Neurology (clinical), Anatomy, Age of onset, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Epilepsy is a common and serious neurological disorder, with many different constituent conditions characterized by their electro clinical, imaging, and genetic features. MRI has been fundamental in advancing our understanding of brain processes in the epilepsies. Smaller‐scale studies have identified many interesting imaging phenomena, with implications both for understanding pathophysiology and improving clinical care. Through the infrastructure and concepts now well‐established by the ENIGMA Consortium, ENIGMA‐Epilepsy was established to strengthen epilepsy neuroscience by greatly increasing sample sizes, leveraging ideas and methods established in other ENIGMA projects, and generating a body of collaborating scientists and clinicians to drive forward robust research. Here we review published, current, and future projects, that include structural MRI, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and resting state functional MRI (rsfMRI), and that employ advanced methods including structural covariance, and event‐based modeling analysis. We explore age of onset‐ and duration‐related features, as well as phenomena‐specific work focusing on particular epilepsy syndromes or phenotypes, multimodal analyses focused on understanding the biology of disease progression, and deep learning approaches. We encourage groups who may be interested in participating to make contact to further grow and develop ENIGMA‐Epilepsy.

Published
2020

11. recommendations by the Conect4Children expert advice group

Author

Ramanan, Athimalaipet V., Modi, Neena, de Wildt, Saskia N., Aurich, Beate, Bakhtadze, Sophia, Sirvent, Francisco J.Bautista, Cabañas, Fernando, Campbell, Lisa, Casanova, Michaela, Charlton, Philippa, Crandall, Wallace, Eichler, Irmgard, Fregonese, Laura, Hawcutt, Daniel B., Iveli, Pablo, Jaki, Thomas, Jocic-Jakubi, Bosanka, Johnson, Mats, Kaguelidou, Florentina, Karadag, Bülent, Kelly, Lauren E., Lim, Ming, Moreno, Carmen, Neumann, Eva, Ollivier, Cécile, Oualha, Mehdi, Raffaeli, Genny, Ribeiro, Maria A., Roilides, Emmanuel, de Rojas, Teresa, Simón, Alba Rubio San, Ruperto, Nicolino, Scarpa, Maurizio, Schwab, Matthias, Siapkara, Angeliki, Singh, Yogen, Smits, Anne, Striano, Pasquale, Urru, Silvana A.M., Vivarelli, Marina, de Wildt, Saskia, Zivkoviz, Zorica, and NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM)

Subjects
Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health
Abstract

Funding Information: Competing interests: A.V.R. has received Speaker fees/Consultant for Abbvie, Novartis, UCB, SOBI, Eli Lilly and Roche. N.M. reports grants outside the submitted work in the last five years from the Medical Research Council, National Institute of Health Research, March of Dimes, British Heart Foundation, HCA international, Health Data Research UK, Shire Pharmaceuticals, Chiesi Pharmaceuticals, Prolacta Life Sciences, and Westminster Children’s Research Fund; N.M. is a member of the Nestle Scientific Advisory Board and accepts no personal remuneration for this role. N.M. reports travel and accommodation reimbursements from Chiesi, Nestle and Shire. N.M. is a member of C4C, International Neonatal Collaboration (INC), UK National Research Ethics Advisory Service and MHRA advisory groups and/or working parties. S.W. has received compensation as a member of the scientific advisory board of AM Pharma, Novartis and Khondrion and receives research funding from IMI2 for the Conect4children project. B.A. has worked for GlaxoSmithKline between October 2006 and September 2009 and holds company shares. Between October 2009 and May 2015, she has worked for Novartis. M.S. has recieved research grant and honoraria for meetings and Advisory Boards from Alexion, Sanofi/Genzyme, Takeda, CHIESI, Ultragenix, Orchard, Orphazyme. P.I. is a permanent employee of Bayer AG, Germany. M.V. has received compensation for Advisory boards or Steering committes from Roche, Novartis, Achillion, Apellis, Retrophin/Travere, Alexion pharmaceuticals. C.M. has been a consultant to or has received honoraria from Janssen, Angelini, Servier, Nuvelution, Otsuka, Lundbeck, Pfizer, Neuraxpharm and Esteve outside the submitted work. She declares conflicts of interest unrelated to the present work. M.C. had advisory roles for AstraZeneca, Bayer, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eisai, Lilly, and Roche in the last 2 years (outside the topic of the submitted work, for oncology drugs). M.J. has received research grants from Shire and has been engaged as a speaker or consultant by Shire, Ginsana, PCM Scientific Evolan, and New Nordic, all unrelated to the present work. P.S. has received speaker fees and participated at advisory boards for Biomarin, Zogenyx, GW Pharmaceuticals, and has received research funding by ENECTA BV, GW Pharmaceuticals, Kolfarma srl., Eisai. E.R. has received speaker fees and participated at advisory boards for Eisai and has received research funding by GW Pharmaceuticals, Pfizer, Italian Ministry of Health (MoH) and the Italian Medicine Agency (AIFA). This work was developed within the framework of the DINOGMI Department of Excellence of MIUR 2018-2022 (legge 232 del 2016). M.A.R. is a member of the c4c Ethics Expert Group and received compensation for ethical consulting activities from Bayer AG Wallace Crandall is employee of Eli Lilly and Co. P.C. is an employee of UCB, and owns stock in the company. She was previously an employee of GSK and owns stock in the company. N.R. has received honoraria for consultancies or speaker bureaus from the following pharmaceutical companies in the past 3 years: Ablynx, Amgen, Astrazeneca-Medimmune, Aurinia, Bayer, Bristol Myers and Squibb, Cambridge Healthcare Research (CHR), Celgene, Domain therapeutic, Eli-Lilly, EMD Serono, Glaxo Smith and Kline, Idorsia, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, Sobi, UCB. The IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini (IGG), where NR works as full-time public employee has received contributions from the following industries in the last 3 years: Bristol Myers and Squibb, Eli-Lilly, F Hoffmann-La Roche, Novartis, Pfizer, Sobi. This funding has been reinvested for the research activities of the hospital in a fully independent manner, without any commitment with third parties. M.L. receives/has received consultation fees from CSL Behring, Novartis, Roche and Octopharma, travel grants from Merck Serono, and been awarded educational grants to organise meetings by Novartis, Biogen Idec, Merck Serono and Bayer. All other authors have no disclosures. Funding Information: Conect4children has received funding from the Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking under grant agreement No 777389. The Joint Undertaking receives support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme and EFPIA. The views expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and should not be interpreted as made on behalf of, or reflecting the position of, the regulatory agency/agencies or organisations with which the author(s) is/are employed/affiliated . Publisher Copyright: © 2021, The Author(s). Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a devastating impact on multiple aspects of healthcare, but has also triggered new ways of working, stimulated novel approaches in clinical research and reinforced the value of previous innovations. Conect4children (c4c, www.conect4children.org) is a large collaborative European network to facilitate the development of new medicines for paediatric populations, and is made up of 35 academic and 10 industry partners from 20 European countries, more than 50 third parties, and around 500 affiliated partners. Methods: We summarise aspects of clinical research in paediatrics stimulated and reinforced by COVID-19 that the Conect4children group recommends regulators, sponsors, and investigators retain for the future, to enhance the efficiency, reduce the cost and burden of medicines and non-interventional studies, and deliver research-equity. Findings: We summarise aspects of clinical research in paediatrics stimulated and reinforced by COVID-19 that the Conect4children group recommends regulators, sponsors, and investigators retain for the future, to enhance the efficiency, reduce the cost and burden of medicines and non-interventional studies, and deliver research-equityWe provide examples of research innovation, and follow this with recommendations to improve the efficiency of future trials, drawing on industry perspectives, regulatory considerations, infrastructure requirements and parent–patient–public involvement. We end with a comment on progress made towards greater international harmonisation of paediatric research and how lessons learned from COVID-19 studies might assist in further improvements in this important area. publishersversion epub_ahead_of_print

Published
2022

12. Association Between Lysine Reduction Therapies and Cognitive Outcomes in Patients With Pyridoxine-Dependent Epilepsy

Author

Coughlin, Curtis R., Tseng, Laura A., Bok, Levinus A., Hartmann, Hans, Footitt, Emma, Striano, Pasquale, Tabarki, Brahim M., Lunsing, Roelineke J., Stockler-Ipsiroglu, Sylvia, Gordon, Shanlea, Van Hove, Johan L.K., Abdenur, Jose E., Boyer, Monica, Longo, Nicola, Andrews, Ashley, Janssen, Mirian C.H., Van Wegberg, Annemiek, Prasad, Chitra, Prasad, Asuri N., Lamb, Molly M., Wijburg, Frits A., Gospe, Sidney M., Van Karnebeek, Clara, Paediatric Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Compulsivity, Impulsivity & Attention, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Paediatrics, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development (AR&D), APH - Personalized Medicine, ANS - Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms, ANS - Compulsivity, Impulsivity & Attention, AGEM - Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, and ARD - Amsterdam Reproduction and Development

Subjects
Research Article
Abstract

Pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy (PDE-ALDH7A1) is a developmental epileptic encephalopathy characterized by seizure improvement after pyridoxine supplementation. Adjunct lysine reduction therapies reduce the accumulation of putative neurotoxic metabolites with the goal to improve developmental outcomes. Our objective was to examine the association between treatment with lysine reduction therapies and cognitive outcomes.Participants were recruited from within the International Registry for Patients with Pyridoxine-Dependent Epilepsy from August 2014 through March 2021. The primary outcome was standardized developmental test scores associated with overall cognitive ability. The relationship between test scores and treatment was analyzed with multivariable linear regression using a mixed-effects model. A priori, we hypothesized that treatment in early infancy with pyridoxine and lysine reduction therapies would result in a normal developmental outcome. A sub-analysis was performed to evaluate the association between cognitive outcome and lysine reduction therapies initiated in the first six months of life.A total of 112 test scores from 60 participants were available. On average, treatment with pyridoxine and lysine reduction therapies was associated with a non-significant increase of 6.9 points (95% CI -2.7 to 16.5) on developmental testing compared to treatment with pyridoxine alone. For the sub-analysis, a total of 14 developmental testing scores were available from 8 participants. On average, treatment with pyridoxine and lysine reduction therapies in the first six months of life was associated with a significant increase of 21.9 points (95% CI 1.7 to 42.0) on developmental testing.Pyridoxine and lysine reduction therapies at any age was associated with mild improvement in developmental testing and treatment in early infancy was associated with a clinically significant increase in developmental test scores. These results provide insight into the mechanism of intellectual and developmental disability in PDE-ALDH7A1 and emphasize the importance of treatment in early infancy with both pyridoxine and lysine reduction therapies.This study provides Class IV evidence that in PDE-ALDH7A1, pyridoxine plus lysine reduction therapies compared to pyridoxine alone is not significantly associated with overall higher developmental testing scores, but treatment in the first six months of life is associated with significantly higher developmental testing scores.

Published
2022

13. Targeting the MGBA with -biotics in epilepsy: New insights from preclinical and clinical studies

Author

Riva, Antonella, Pozzati, Elisa, Grasso, Mattia, De Caro, Carmen, Russo, Emilio, Verrotti, Alberto, and Striano, Pasquale

Subjects
Inflammation, Mice, Epilepsy, Mitoguazone, Prebiotics, Neurology, MGBA, Gastrointestinal Diseases, Probiotics, Treatments, Biotics, Animals, Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Abstract

Data accumulation reveals that the bidirectional communication between the gut microbiota and the brain, called the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA), can be modulated by different compounds including prebiotics, probiotics, symbiotic (a fair combination of both), and diet, thus exerting a beneficial impact on brain activity and behaviors. This review aims to give an overview of the possible beneficial effects of the supplementation of -biotics in epilepsy treatment.A search on PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov databases using the terms "probiotics", OR "prebiotics", AND "gut microbiota", AND "epilepsy" was performed. The search covered the period of the last eleven years (2010-2021).Nowadays, studies analyzing the clinical impact of gut microbiota-modulating intervention strategies on epilepsy are limited and heterogenous due either to the different experimental populations studied (i.e., genetic vs lesional mouse models) or the various primary outcomes measure evaluated. However, positive effects have invariably been noticed; particularly, there have been improvements in behavioral comorbidities and associated gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. More studies will be needed in the next few years to strictly evaluate the feasibility to introduce these new therapeutic strategies in the clinical treatment of highly refractory epilepsies.

Published
2022

15. Additional file 1 of Cyclic vomiting syndrome in children: a nationwide survey of current practice on behalf of the Italian Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (SIGENP) and Italian Society of Pediatric Neurology (SINP)

Author

Isoldi, Sara, Di Nardo, Giovanni, Mallardo, Saverio, Parisi, Pasquale, Raucci, Umberto, Tambucci, Renato, Quitadamo, Paolo, Salvatore, Silvia, Felici, Enrico, Cisarò, Fabio, Pensabene, Licia, Banzato, Claudia, Strisciuglio, Caterina, Romano, Claudio, Fusco, Patrizia, Rigotti, Francesca, Sansotta, Naire, Caimmi, Silvia, Savasta, Salvatore, Zuin, Giovanna, Di Stefano, Marina, Provera, Silvia, Campanozzi, Angelo, Rossi, Paolo, Gatti, Simona, Corpino, Mara, Alvisi, Patrizia, Martelossi, Stefano, Suppiej, Agnese, Gandullia, Paolo, Verrotti, Alberto, Terrin, Gianluca, Pacenza, Caterina, Fornaroli, Fabiola, Comito, Donatella, D’Arrigo, Stefano, Striano, Pasquale, Raviglione, Federico, Carotenuto, Marco, Orsini, Alessandro, Belcastro, Vincenzo, Di Corcia, Giovanna, Raieli, Vincenzo, Ferilli, Michela Ada Noris, Ruscitto, Claudia, Spadoni, Elisabetta, Grosso, Salvatore, D’Alonzo, Renato, Papa, Amanda, Pavone, Piero, Meli, Mariaclaudia, Velardita, Mario, Mainetti, Martina, Vanacore, Nicola, and Borrelli, Osvaldo

Abstract

Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Web-based Questionnaire [original language].

Published
2022
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16. Additional file 3 of Cyclic vomiting syndrome in children: a nationwide survey of current practice on behalf of the Italian Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (SIGENP) and Italian Society of Pediatric Neurology (SINP)

Author

Isoldi, Sara, Di Nardo, Giovanni, Mallardo, Saverio, Parisi, Pasquale, Raucci, Umberto, Tambucci, Renato, Quitadamo, Paolo, Salvatore, Silvia, Felici, Enrico, Cisarò, Fabio, Pensabene, Licia, Banzato, Claudia, Strisciuglio, Caterina, Romano, Claudio, Fusco, Patrizia, Rigotti, Francesca, Sansotta, Naire, Caimmi, Silvia, Savasta, Salvatore, Zuin, Giovanna, Di Stefano, Marina, Provera, Silvia, Campanozzi, Angelo, Rossi, Paolo, Gatti, Simona, Corpino, Mara, Alvisi, Patrizia, Martelossi, Stefano, Suppiej, Agnese, Gandullia, Paolo, Verrotti, Alberto, Terrin, Gianluca, Pacenza, Caterina, Fornaroli, Fabiola, Comito, Donatella, D’Arrigo, Stefano, Striano, Pasquale, Raviglione, Federico, Carotenuto, Marco, Orsini, Alessandro, Belcastro, Vincenzo, Di Corcia, Giovanna, Raieli, Vincenzo, Ferilli, Michela Ada Noris, Ruscitto, Claudia, Spadoni, Elisabetta, Grosso, Salvatore, D’Alonzo, Renato, Papa, Amanda, Pavone, Piero, Meli, Mariaclaudia, Velardita, Mario, Mainetti, Martina, Vanacore, Nicola, and Borrelli, Osvaldo

Abstract

Additional file 3: Supplementary Table 3. Comorbidities recorded among patients with cyclic vomiting syndrome according to specific outpatient clinic.

Published
2022
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17. Additional file 6 of Cyclic vomiting syndrome in children: a nationwide survey of current practice on behalf of the Italian Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (SIGENP) and Italian Society of Pediatric Neurology (SINP)

Author

Isoldi, Sara, Di Nardo, Giovanni, Mallardo, Saverio, Parisi, Pasquale, Raucci, Umberto, Tambucci, Renato, Quitadamo, Paolo, Salvatore, Silvia, Felici, Enrico, Cisarò, Fabio, Pensabene, Licia, Banzato, Claudia, Strisciuglio, Caterina, Romano, Claudio, Fusco, Patrizia, Rigotti, Francesca, Sansotta, Naire, Caimmi, Silvia, Savasta, Salvatore, Zuin, Giovanna, Di Stefano, Marina, Provera, Silvia, Campanozzi, Angelo, Rossi, Paolo, Gatti, Simona, Corpino, Mara, Alvisi, Patrizia, Martelossi, Stefano, Suppiej, Agnese, Gandullia, Paolo, Verrotti, Alberto, Terrin, Gianluca, Pacenza, Caterina, Fornaroli, Fabiola, Comito, Donatella, D’Arrigo, Stefano, Striano, Pasquale, Raviglione, Federico, Carotenuto, Marco, Orsini, Alessandro, Belcastro, Vincenzo, Di Corcia, Giovanna, Raieli, Vincenzo, Ferilli, Michela Ada Noris, Ruscitto, Claudia, Spadoni, Elisabetta, Grosso, Salvatore, D’Alonzo, Renato, Papa, Amanda, Pavone, Piero, Meli, Mariaclaudia, Velardita, Mario, Mainetti, Martina, Vanacore, Nicola, and Borrelli, Osvaldo

Abstract

Additional file 6: Supplementary Table 6. Screening tests performed among patients with cyclic vomiting syndrome according to specific outpatient clinic.

Published
2022
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18. Additional file 4 of Cyclic vomiting syndrome in children: a nationwide survey of current practice on behalf of the Italian Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (SIGENP) and Italian Society of Pediatric Neurology (SINP)

Author

Isoldi, Sara, Di Nardo, Giovanni, Mallardo, Saverio, Parisi, Pasquale, Raucci, Umberto, Tambucci, Renato, Quitadamo, Paolo, Salvatore, Silvia, Felici, Enrico, Cisarò, Fabio, Pensabene, Licia, Banzato, Claudia, Strisciuglio, Caterina, Romano, Claudio, Fusco, Patrizia, Rigotti, Francesca, Sansotta, Naire, Caimmi, Silvia, Savasta, Salvatore, Zuin, Giovanna, Di Stefano, Marina, Provera, Silvia, Campanozzi, Angelo, Rossi, Paolo, Gatti, Simona, Corpino, Mara, Alvisi, Patrizia, Martelossi, Stefano, Suppiej, Agnese, Gandullia, Paolo, Verrotti, Alberto, Terrin, Gianluca, Pacenza, Caterina, Fornaroli, Fabiola, Comito, Donatella, D’Arrigo, Stefano, Striano, Pasquale, Raviglione, Federico, Carotenuto, Marco, Orsini, Alessandro, Belcastro, Vincenzo, Di Corcia, Giovanna, Raieli, Vincenzo, Ferilli, Michela Ada Noris, Ruscitto, Claudia, Spadoni, Elisabetta, Grosso, Salvatore, D’Alonzo, Renato, Papa, Amanda, Pavone, Piero, Meli, Mariaclaudia, Velardita, Mario, Mainetti, Martina, Vanacore, Nicola, and Borrelli, Osvaldo

Abstract

Additional file 4: Supplementary Table 4. Family history of diseases detected among patients with cyclic vomiting syndrome according to specific outpatient clinic.

Published
2022
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19. Spectrum of Phenotypic, Genetic, and Functional Characteristics in Patients With Epilepsy With KCNC2 Pathogenic Variants

Author

Schwarz, Niklas, Seiffert, Simone, Pendziwiat, Manuela, Rademacher, Annika Verena, Brünger, Tobias, Hedrich, Ulrike B. S., Augustijn, Paul B., Baier, Hartmut, Bayat, Allan, Bisulli, Francesca, Buono, Russell J., Bruria, Ben Zeev, Doyle, Michael G., Guerrini, Renzo, Heimer, Gali, Iacomino, Michele, Kearney, Hugh, Klein, Karl Martin, Kousiappa, Ioanna, Kunz, Wolfram S., Lerche, Holger, Licchetta, Laura, Lohmann, Ebba, Minardi, Raffaella, McDonald, Marie, Montgomery, Sarah, Mulahasanovic, Lejla, Oegema, Renske, Ortal, Barel, Papacostas, Savvas S., Ragona, Francesca, Granata, Tiziana, Reif, Phillip S., Rosenow, Felix, Rothschild, Annick, Scudieri, Paolo, Striano, Pasquale, Tinuper, Paolo, Tanteles, George A., Vetro, Annalisa, Zahnert, Felix, Goldberg, Ethan M., Zara, Federico, Lal, Dennis, May, Patrick, Muhle, Hiltrud, Helbig, Ingo, Weber, Yvonne, Schwarz N., Seiffert S., Pendziwiat M., Rademacher A.V., Brunger T., Hedrich U.B.S., Augustijn P.B., Baier H., Bayat A., Bisulli F., Buono R.J., Bruria B.Z., Doyle M.G., Guerrini R., Heimer G., Iacomino M., Kearney H., Klein K.M., Kousiappa I., Kunz W.S., Lerche H., Licchetta L., Lohmann E., Minardi R., McDonald M., Montgomery S., Mulahasanovic L., Oegema R., Ortal B., Papacostas S.S., Ragona F., Granata T., Reif P.S., Rosenow F., Rothschild A., Scudieri P., Striano P., Tinuper P., Tanteles G.A., Vetro A., Zahnert F., Goldberg E.M., Zara F., Lal D., May P., Muhle H., Helbig I., and Weber Y.

Subjects
Phenotype, Epilepsy, Shaw Potassium Channel, Epilepsy, Generalized, Seizure, Whole Exome Sequencing, Human
Abstract

Neurology : official journal of the American Academy of Neurology 98(20), e2046-e2059 (2022). doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000200660, Published by Ovid, [S.l.]

Published
2022
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20. Additional file 2 of Cyclic vomiting syndrome in children: a nationwide survey of current practice on behalf of the Italian Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (SIGENP) and Italian Society of Pediatric Neurology (SINP)

Author

Isoldi, Sara, Di Nardo, Giovanni, Mallardo, Saverio, Parisi, Pasquale, Raucci, Umberto, Tambucci, Renato, Quitadamo, Paolo, Salvatore, Silvia, Felici, Enrico, Cisarò, Fabio, Pensabene, Licia, Banzato, Claudia, Strisciuglio, Caterina, Romano, Claudio, Fusco, Patrizia, Rigotti, Francesca, Sansotta, Naire, Caimmi, Silvia, Savasta, Salvatore, Zuin, Giovanna, Di Stefano, Marina, Provera, Silvia, Campanozzi, Angelo, Rossi, Paolo, Gatti, Simona, Corpino, Mara, Alvisi, Patrizia, Martelossi, Stefano, Suppiej, Agnese, Gandullia, Paolo, Verrotti, Alberto, Terrin, Gianluca, Pacenza, Caterina, Fornaroli, Fabiola, Comito, Donatella, D’Arrigo, Stefano, Striano, Pasquale, Raviglione, Federico, Carotenuto, Marco, Orsini, Alessandro, Belcastro, Vincenzo, Di Corcia, Giovanna, Raieli, Vincenzo, Ferilli, Michela Ada Noris, Ruscitto, Claudia, Spadoni, Elisabetta, Grosso, Salvatore, D’Alonzo, Renato, Papa, Amanda, Pavone, Piero, Meli, Mariaclaudia, Velardita, Mario, Mainetti, Martina, Vanacore, Nicola, and Borrelli, Osvaldo

Abstract

Additional file 2: Supplementary Table 2. Main organic causes of vomiting identified in patients with suspected cyclic vomiting syndrome according to specific outpatient clinic.

Published
2022
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21. Spectrum of Phenotypic, Genetic, and Functional Characteristics in Epilepsy Patients With KCNC2 Pathogenic Variants

Author

Niklas, Schwarz, Simone, Seiffert, Msc, Manuela, Pendziwiat, Annika Verena Rademacher, Tobias, Br¨unger, Phd, Hedrich, Ulrike B. S., Augustijn, Paul B., Hartmut, Baier, Allan, Bayat, Francesca, Bisulli, Phd, Md, Buono, Russell J., Ben Zeev Bruria, Doyle, Michael G., Guerrini, Renzo, Gali, Heimer, Iacomino, Michele, Hugh, Kearney, Karl Martin Klein, Ioanna, Kousiappa, Kunz, Wolfram S., Holger, Lerche, Laura, Licchetta, Ebba, Lohmann, Raffaella, Minardi, Marie, Mcdonald, Sarah, Montgomery, Lejla, Mulahasanovic, Renske, Oegema, Barel, Ortal, Papacostas, Savvas S., Francesca, Ragona, Tiziana, Granata, Reif, Phillip S., Felix, Rosenow, Annick, Rothschild, Scudieri, Paolo, Striano, Pasquale, Paolo, Tinuper, Tanteles, George A., Annalisa, Vetro, Felix, Zahnert, Goldberg, Ethan M., Zara, Federico, Dennis, Lal, Patrick, May, Hiltrud, Muhle, Ingo, Helbig, and and Yvonne Weber

Subjects
Neurology (clinical)
Abstract

Background:KCNC2 encodes Kv3.2, a member of the Shaw-related (Kv3) voltage-gated potassium channel subfamily, which is important for sustained high-frequency firing and optimized energy efficiency of action potentials in the brain. The objective of this study was to analyse the clinical phenotype, genetic background, and biophysical function of disease-associated Kv3.2 variants.Methods:Individuals with KCNC2 variants detected by exome sequencing were selected for clinical, further genetic, and functional analysis. Cases were referred through clinical and research collaborations. Selected de novo variants were examined electrophysiologically in Xenopus laevis oocytes.Results:We identified novel KCNC2 variants in 18 patients with various forms of epilepsy including genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE), developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) including early-onset absence epilepsy (EOAE), focal epilepsy (FE), and myoclonic-atonic epilepsy (MAE). 10/18 variants were de novo and 8/18 variants were classified as modifying variants. 8 drug responsive cases became seizure-free using valproic acid as monotherapy or in combination including severe DEE cases. Functional analysis of four variants demonstrated gain-of-function in three severely affected DEE cases and loss-of-function in one case with a milder phenotype (GGE) as the underlying pathomechanisms.Conclusion:These findings implicate KCNC2 as a novel causative gene for epilepsy and emphasize the critical role of KV3.2 in the regulation of brain excitability.

Published
2022

22. Additional file 7 of Cyclic vomiting syndrome in children: a nationwide survey of current practice on behalf of the Italian Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (SIGENP) and Italian Society of Pediatric Neurology (SINP)

Author

Isoldi, Sara, Di Nardo, Giovanni, Mallardo, Saverio, Parisi, Pasquale, Raucci, Umberto, Tambucci, Renato, Quitadamo, Paolo, Salvatore, Silvia, Felici, Enrico, Cisarò, Fabio, Pensabene, Licia, Banzato, Claudia, Strisciuglio, Caterina, Romano, Claudio, Fusco, Patrizia, Rigotti, Francesca, Sansotta, Naire, Caimmi, Silvia, Savasta, Salvatore, Zuin, Giovanna, Di Stefano, Marina, Provera, Silvia, Campanozzi, Angelo, Rossi, Paolo, Gatti, Simona, Corpino, Mara, Alvisi, Patrizia, Martelossi, Stefano, Suppiej, Agnese, Gandullia, Paolo, Verrotti, Alberto, Terrin, Gianluca, Pacenza, Caterina, Fornaroli, Fabiola, Comito, Donatella, D’Arrigo, Stefano, Striano, Pasquale, Raviglione, Federico, Carotenuto, Marco, Orsini, Alessandro, Belcastro, Vincenzo, Di Corcia, Giovanna, Raieli, Vincenzo, Ferilli, Michela Ada Noris, Ruscitto, Claudia, Spadoni, Elisabetta, Grosso, Salvatore, D’Alonzo, Renato, Papa, Amanda, Pavone, Piero, Meli, Mariaclaudia, Velardita, Mario, Mainetti, Martina, Vanacore, Nicola, and Borrelli, Osvaldo

Abstract

Additional file 7: Supplementary Table 7. Treatments applied in patients with cyclic vomiting syndrome according to specific outpatient clinic.

Published
2022
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25. Additional file 1 of Genotype–phenotype correlations and disease mechanisms in PEX13-related Zellweger spectrum disorders

Author

Borgia, Paola, Baldassari, Simona, Pedemonte, Nicoletta, Alkhunaizi, Ebba, D’Onofrio, Gianluca, Tortora, Domenico, Calì, Elisa, Scudieri, Paolo, Balagura, Ganna, Musante, Ilaria, Diana, Maria Cristina, Pedemonte, Marina, Vari, Maria Stella, Iacomino, Michele, Riva, Antonella, Chimenz, Roberto, Mangano, Giuseppe D., Mohammadi, Mohammad Hasan, Toosi, Mehran Beiraghi, Ashrafzadeh, Farah, Imannezhad, Shima, Karimiani, Ehsan Ghayoor, Accogli, Andrea, Schiaffino, Maria Cristina, Maghnie, Mohamad, Soler, Miguel Angel, Echiverri, Karl, Abrams, Charles K., Striano, Pasquale, Fortuna, Sara, Maroofian, Reza, Houlden, Henry, Zara, Federico, Fiorillo, Chiara, and Salpietro, Vincenzo

Abstract

Additional file 1: Additional Table 1. Plasma biochemical analyses in PEX13-variants carriers. Legend: VLCFAs (very long chain fatty acids): C22:0 docosanoate, C24:0 tetracosanoate, C26:0 hexacosenoate, NA not available. Additional Figure 1. Sanger sequencing representative of the p.Arg294Trp variant. Electropherogram of individual A.II-3 (A) showing p.Arg294Trp variant inherited from his father (B). Electropherogram of individual A.II-3 (C) showing p.Y192QfsTer.14 variant inherited from his mother (D). Additional Figure 2. Electroencephalography (EEG) of individual D.II-3. EEG performed at one day of life (A) showing numerous multifocal sharp waves, especially on the temporal regions bilaterally, in the context of continuous electrical activity. EEG control performed at one month of age (B) in the same individual. A slightly hypovolted theta-delta background activity with a reduction in multifocal sharp-waves are observed. Additional Figure 3. Fundoscopy examination of individual E.II-1. Note the cherry-red spot of the macula and the diffuse white dots. Additional Figure 4. Modelling. Comparison between molecular dynamics simulation snapshots at 0ns (dark) and 250ns (light) for (A) PEX13-WT:PEX14:PEX5 tetramer; (B) PEX13 Arg294Trp:PEX14:PEX5 tetramer. Configurations were obtained by PEX13 homology modelling followed by 500ns of molecular dynamics simulations followed by blind docking to PEX14:PEX5. Color code: PEX13-WT (green), PEX13-Arg294Trp (magenta), PEX14 (white), PEX5 (blue). Arg and Trp 294 are highlighted in PEX13-WT and PEX13-Arg294Trp, respectively. Additional Figure 5. Modelling. A collection of possible homodimeric conformations for (A) PEX13-WT and (B) PEX13-Arg294Trp. Representative conformations of the first eight clusters identified by blind docking. Arg294 is highlighted in PEX13-WT (green) and Trp294 is highlighted in PEX13-Arg294Trp (magenta). Additional Figure 6. Closest contact distance distribution. The closest distance between Arg294 (green) [Trp294 (mauve)] and its binding partner in PEX13:PEX13 homodimers calculated over all the generated docking poses.

Published
2022
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26. Additional file 5 of Cyclic vomiting syndrome in children: a nationwide survey of current practice on behalf of the Italian Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (SIGENP) and Italian Society of Pediatric Neurology (SINP)

Author

Isoldi, Sara, Di Nardo, Giovanni, Mallardo, Saverio, Parisi, Pasquale, Raucci, Umberto, Tambucci, Renato, Quitadamo, Paolo, Salvatore, Silvia, Felici, Enrico, Cisarò, Fabio, Pensabene, Licia, Banzato, Claudia, Strisciuglio, Caterina, Romano, Claudio, Fusco, Patrizia, Rigotti, Francesca, Sansotta, Naire, Caimmi, Silvia, Savasta, Salvatore, Zuin, Giovanna, Di Stefano, Marina, Provera, Silvia, Campanozzi, Angelo, Rossi, Paolo, Gatti, Simona, Corpino, Mara, Alvisi, Patrizia, Martelossi, Stefano, Suppiej, Agnese, Gandullia, Paolo, Verrotti, Alberto, Terrin, Gianluca, Pacenza, Caterina, Fornaroli, Fabiola, Comito, Donatella, D’Arrigo, Stefano, Striano, Pasquale, Raviglione, Federico, Carotenuto, Marco, Orsini, Alessandro, Belcastro, Vincenzo, Di Corcia, Giovanna, Raieli, Vincenzo, Ferilli, Michela Ada Noris, Ruscitto, Claudia, Spadoni, Elisabetta, Grosso, Salvatore, D’Alonzo, Renato, Papa, Amanda, Pavone, Piero, Meli, Mariaclaudia, Velardita, Mario, Mainetti, Martina, Vanacore, Nicola, and Borrelli, Osvaldo

Abstract

Additional file 5: Supplementary Table 5. Triggers recorded among patients with cyclic vomiting syndrome according to specific outpatient clinic.

Published
2022
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27. Erratum:Biallelic Mutations in ADPRHL2, Encoding ADP-Ribosylhydrolase 3, Lead to a Degenerative Pediatric Stress-Induced Epileptic Ataxia Syndrome (The American Journal of Human Genetics (2018) 103(3) (431–439), (S0002929718302374), (10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.07.010))

Author

Ghosh, Shereen G., Becker, Kerstin, Huang, He, Salazar, Tracy D., Chai, Guoliang, Salpietro, Vincenzo, Al-Gazali, Lihadh, Waisfisz, Quinten, Wang, Haicui, Vaux, Keith K., Stanley, Valentina, Manole, Andreea, Akpulat, Ugur, Weiss, Marjan M., Efthymiou, Stephanie, Hanna, Michael G., Minetti, Carlo, Striano, Pasquale, Pisciotta, Livia, De Grandis, Elisa, Altmüller, Janine, Weixler, Lisa, Nürnberg, Peter, Thiele, Holger, Yis, Uluc, Okur, Tuncay Derya, Polat, Ayse Ipek, Amiri, Nafise, Doosti, Mohammad, Karimani, Ehsan Ghayoor, Toosi, Mehran B., Haddad, Gabriel, Karakaya, Mert, Wirth, Brunhilde, van Hagen, Johanna M., Wolf, Nicole I., Maroofian, Reza, Houlden, Henry, Cirak, Sebahattin, and Gleeson, Joseph G.

Abstract

(The American Journal of Human Genetics 103, 431–439; September 6, 2018) Lisa Weixler has been added to the author list for her experimental and scientific contributions to the biophysical analysis of wild-type and mutant proteins. Her contributions were already mentioned in the acknowledgments. The authors apologize for initially only listing her in the acknowledgments and for the inconvenience. The author list has been corrected online and appears correctly here, and Lisa Weixler's affiliation is indicated as footnote 3: Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Cologne, Germany.

Published
2021
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28. Bi-allelic variants in OGDHL cause a neurodevelopmental spectrum disease featuring epilepsy, hearing loss, visual impairment, and ataxia

Author

Yap, Zheng Yie, Efthymiou, Stephanie, Seiffert, Simone, Vargas Parra, Karen, Lee, Sukyeong, Nasca, Alessia, Maroofian, Reza, Schrauwen, Isabelle, Pendziwiat, Manuela, Jung, Sunhee, Bhoj, Elizabeth, Striano, Pasquale, Mankad, Kshitij, Vona, Barbara, Cuddapah, Sanmati, Wagner, Anja, Alvi, Javeria Raza, Davoudi-Dehaghani, Elham, Fallah, Mohammad-Sadegh, Gannavarapu, Srinitya, Lamperti, Costanza, Legati, Andrea, Murtaza, Bibi Nazia, Nadeem, Muhammad Shahid, Rehman, Mujaddad Ur, Saeidi, Kolsoum, Salpietro, Vincenzo, von Spiczak, Sarah, Sandoval, Abigail, Zeinali, Sirous, Zeviani, Massimo, Reich, Adi, SYNaPS Study Group, University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics, Jang, Cholsoon, Helbig, Ingo, Barakat, Tahsin Stefan, Ghezzi, Daniele, Leal, Suzanne M, Weber, Yvonne, Houlden, Henry, and Yoon, Wan Hee

Subjects
Male, Cells, RNA Splicing, DNA Mutational Analysis, Vision Disorders, Neurodegenerative, bi-allelic, Medical and Health Sciences, SYNaPS Study Group, Cohort Studies, Rare Diseases, Clinical Research, Genetics, Animals, Humans, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase Complex, developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, Aetiology, University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics, Hearing Loss, Child, Alleles, DEE, Family Health, Genetics & Heredity, Cultured, Epilepsy, CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, Neurosciences, Fibroblasts, Biological Sciences, OGDHL, Brain Disorders, mitochondria, Drosophila melanogaster, neurodevelopmental disease, α-ketoglutarate, Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Mutation, Neurological, Ataxia, Female, Drosophila, exome sequencing
Abstract

The 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase-like (OGDHL) protein is a rate-limiting enzyme in the Krebs cycle that plays a pivotal role in mitochondrial metabolism. OGDHL expression is restricted mainly to the brain in humans. Here, we report nine individuals from eight unrelated families carrying bi-allelic variants in OGDHL with a range of neurological and neurodevelopmental phenotypes including epilepsy, hearing loss, visual impairment, gait ataxia, microcephaly, and hypoplastic corpus callosum. The variants include three homozygous missense variants (p.Pro852Ala, p.Arg244Trp, and p.Arg299Gly), three compound heterozygous single-nucleotide variants (p.Arg673Gln/p.Val488Val, p.Phe734Ser/p.Ala327Val, and p.Trp220Cys/p.Asp491Val), one homozygous frameshift variant (p.Cys553Leufs∗16), and one homozygous stop-gain variant (p.Arg440Ter). To support the pathogenicity of the variants, we developed a novel CRISPR-Cas9-mediated tissue-specific knockout with cDNA rescue system for dOgdh, the Drosophila ortholog of human OGDHL. Pan-neuronal knockout of dOgdh led to developmental lethality as well as defects in Krebs cycle metabolism, which was fully rescued by expression of wild-type dOgdh. Studies using the Drosophila system indicate that p.Arg673Gln, p.Phe734Ser, and p.Arg299Gly are severe loss-of-function alleles, leading to developmental lethality, whereas p.Pro852Ala, p.Ala327Val, p.Trp220Cys, p.Asp491Val, and p.Arg244Trp are hypomorphic alleles, causing behavioral defects. Transcript analysis from fibroblasts obtained from the individual carrying the synonymous variant (c.1464T>C [p.Val488Val]) in family 2 showed that the synonymous variant affects splicing of exon 11 in OGDHL. Human neuronal cells with OGDHL knockout exhibited defects in mitochondrial respiration, indicating the essential role of OGDHL in mitochondrial metabolism in humans. Together, our data establish that the bi-allelic variants in OGDHL are pathogenic, leading to a Mendelian neurodevelopmental disease in humans.

Published
2021

29. Genotype-phenotype correlations in SCN8A-related disorders reveal prognostic and therapeutic implications

Author

Johannesen, Katrine Marie, Liu, Yuanyuan, Gjerulfsen, Catherine E., Koko, Mahmoud, Sonnenberg, Lukas, Schubert, Julian, Fenger, Christina Duhring, Eltokhi, Ahmed, Rannap, Maert, Koch, Nils, Lauxmann, Stephan, Krueger, Johanna, Kegele, Josua, Canafoglia, Laura, Franceschetti, Silvana, Mayer, Thomas, Rebstock, Johannes, Zacher, Pia, Ruf, Susanne, Alber, Michael, Sterbova, Katalin, Lassuthova, Petra, Vlckova, Marketa, Lemke, Johannes, Krey, Ilona, Heine, Constanze, Wieczorek, Dagmar, Kroell, Judith, Lund, Caroline, Klein, Karl Martin, Au, Py Billie, Rho, Jong, Ho, Alice, Masnada, Silvia, Veggiotti, Pierangelo, Giordano, Lucio, Accorsi, Patrizia, Hoi-Hansen, Christina, Striano, Pasquale, Zara, Federico, Verhelst, Helene, Verhoeven, Judith S., van der Zwaag, Bert, Harder, Aster, Brilstra, Eva, Pendziwiat, Manuela, Lebon, Sebastien, Vaccarezza, Maria, Le, Ngoc Minh, Christensen, Jakob, Schmidt-Petersen, Mette, Gronborg, Sabine, Scherer, Stephen, Howe, Jennifer, Fazeli, Walid, Howell, Katherine, Leventer, Richard, Stutterd, Chloe, Walsh, Sonja, Gerard, Marion, Gerard, Benedicte, Matricardi, Sara, Bonardi, Claudia M., Sartori, Stefano, Berger, Andrea, Hoffman-Zacharska, Dorota, Mastrangelo, Massimo, Darra, Francesca, Vollo, Arve, Motazacker, M. Mahdi, Lakeman, Phillis, Nizon, Mathilde, Betzler, Cornelia, Altuzarra, Cecilia, Caumes, Roseline, Roubertie, Agathe, Gelisse, Philippe, Marini, Carla, Guerrini, Renzo, Bilan, Frederic, Koch-Hogrebe, Margarete, Perry, Scott, Ichikawa, Shoji, Dadali, Elena, Sharkov, Artem, Mishina, Irina, Abramov, Mikhail, Kanivets, Ilya, Korostelev, Sergey, Kutsev, Sergey, Wain, Karen E., Eisenhauer, Nancy, Wagner, Monisa, Savatt, Juliann, Mueller-Schlueter, Karen, Bassan, Haim, Borovikov, Artem, Nassogne, Marie-Cecile, Destree, Anne, Schoonjans, An-Sofie, Meuwissen, Marije, Buzatu, Marga, Jansen, Anna, Scalais, Emmanuel, Srivastava, Siddarth, Tan, Wen-Hann, Olson, Heather, Loddenkemper, Tobias, Poduri, Annapurna, Helbig, Katherine L., Helbig, Ingo, Fitzgerald, Mark, Goldberg, Ethan M., Roser, Timo, Borggrafe, Ingo, Brunger, Tobias, May, Patrick, Lal, Dennis, Lederer, Damien, Rubboli, Guido, Lesca, Gaetan, Hedrich, Ulrike, Benda, Jan, Gardella, Elena, Lerche, Holger, and Moeller, Rikke Steensbjerre

Published
2021
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30. Variants in ATP6V0A1 cause progressive myoclonus epilepsy and developmental and epileptic encephalopathy

Author

Bott, Laura C, Forouhan, Mitra, Lieto, Maria, Sala, Ambre J, Ellerington, Ruth, Johnson, Janel O, Speciale, Alfina A, Criscuolo, Chiara, Filla, Alessandro, Chitayat, David, Alkhunaizi, Ebba, Shannon, Patrick, Nemeth, Andrea H, Angelucci, Francesco, Lim, Wooi Fang, Striano, Pasquale, Zara, Federico, Helbig, Ingo, Muona, Mikko, Courage, Carolina, Lehesjoki, Anna-Elina, Berkovic, Samuel F, Fischbeck, Kenneth H, Brancati, Francesco, Morimoto, Richard I, Wood, Matthew J A, Rinaldi, Carlo, Research Programs Unit, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, and HUSLAB

Subjects
EXPRESSION, Caenorhabditis elegans disease modelling, CUTIS LAXA, MUTATIONS, lysosomal disease, 3112 Neurosciences, General Engineering, V-ATPASE, 3124 Neurology and psychiatry, epileptic encephalopathy, V-ATPase, organelle acidification, VACUOLAR PROTON PUMP, SUBUNIT, RENAL TUBULAR-ACIDOSIS, H+-ATPASE, CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS, CATHEPSIN-D DEFICIENCY
Abstract

Bott et al. here reports that de novo and biallelic variants in ATP6V0A1 gene affect the ability of the V-ATPase complex to translocate protons and acidify the endolysosomal compartment in neurons, causing a severe neurological phenotype ranging from developmental and epileptic encephalopathy to progressive myoclonus epilepsy. The vacuolar H+-ATPase is a large multi-subunit proton pump, composed of an integral membrane V0 domain, involved in proton translocation, and a peripheral V1 domain, catalysing ATP hydrolysis. This complex is widely distributed on the membrane of various subcellular organelles, such as endosomes and lysosomes, and plays a critical role in cellular processes ranging from autophagy to protein trafficking and endocytosis. Variants in ATP6V0A1, the brain-enriched isoform in the V0 domain, have been recently associated with developmental delay and epilepsy in four individuals. Here, we identified 17 individuals from 14 unrelated families with both with new and previously characterized variants in this gene, representing the largest cohort to date. Five affected subjects with biallelic variants in this gene presented with a phenotype of early-onset progressive myoclonus epilepsy with ataxia, while 12 individuals carried de novo missense variants and showed severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. The R740Q mutation, which alone accounts for almost 50% of the mutations identified among our cases, leads to failure of lysosomal hydrolysis by directly impairing acidification of the endolysosomal compartment, causing autophagic dysfunction and severe developmental defect in Caenorhabditis elegans. Altogether, our findings further expand the neurological phenotype associated with variants in this gene and provide a direct link with endolysosomal acidification in the pathophysiology of ATP6V0A1-related conditions.

Published
2021
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31. Fenfluramine hydrochloride for the treatment of seizures in Dravet syndrome: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Author

Lagae, Lieven, Sullivan, Joseph, Knupp, Kelly, Laux, Linda, Polster, Tilman, Nikanorova, Marina, Devinsky, Orrin, Cross, J. Helen, Guerrini, Renzo, Talwar, Dinesh, Miller, Ian, Farfel, Gail, Galer, Bradley S., Gammaitoni, Arnold, Mistry, Arun, Morrison, Glenn, Lock, Michael, Agarwal, Anupam, Lai, Wyman W., Ceulemans, Berten, Gill, Deepak, Riney, Kate, Scheffer, Ingrid, Buchhalter, Jeffrey, Carmant, Lionel, Connolly, Mary, Nabbout, Rima, Brandt, Ulrich, Jacobs-LeVan, Julia, Mayer, Thomas, Panzer, Axel, Pringsheim, Milka, Stephani, Ulrich, Wolff, Markus, Battaglia, Domenica, Beccaria, Francesca, Dana, Francesca, Granata, Tiziana, Romeo, Antonio, Striano, Pasquale, Vigevano, Federico, Gil-Nagel, Antonio, San Antonio, Victoria, Sanchez-Carpintero, Rocio, Desurkar, Archana, Hughes, Elaine, Lyer, Anand, Philip, Sunny, Zuberi, Sameer, Sharp, Gregory, Berenson, Frank, Faux, Linda, Marsh, Eric, Nespeca, Mark, Nahouraii, Robert, Paolicdii, Juliann, Phillips, Steven, Perry, Michael Scott, Poduri, Annapurna, Renfroe, Ben, Saneto, Russell, Shahid, Asim, Smith, Douglas, de Menezes, Marcio Sotero, Sweney, Matthew, Thiele, Elizabeth, Wheless, James, Wilfong, Angus, Wirrell, Elaine, Zupanc, Mary, and FAiRE DS Study Grp

Subjects
Oral, Male, Adolescent, Fenfluramine, Placebo-controlled study, Administration, Oral, Epilepsies, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Placebo, law.invention, Placebos, 03 medical and health sciences, Fenfluramine Hydrochloride, 0302 clinical medicine, Double-Blind Method, Randomized controlled trial, Photosensitive epilepsy, Dravet syndrome, Seizures, law, Humans, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Preschool, Seizures/drug therapy, Anticonvulsants, Child, Preschool, Epilepsies, Myoclonic, Female, Observational Studies as Topic, Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors, Treatment Outcome, Intention-to-treat analysis, business.industry, Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors/administration & dosage, Fenfluramine/administration & dosage, Epilepsies, Myoclonic/drug therapy, Anesthesia, Administration, Human medicine, Myoclonic, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Background Dravet syndrome is a rare, treatment-resistant developmental epileptic encephalopathy characterised by multiple types of frequent, disabling seizures. Fenfluramine has been reported to have antiseizure activity in observational studies of photosensitive epilepsy and Dravet syndrome. The aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy and safety of fenfluramine in patients with Dravet syndrome. Methods In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, we enrolled children and young adults with Dravet syndrome. After a 6-week observation period to establish baseline monthly convulsive seizure frequency (MCSF; convulsive seizures were defined as hemiclonic, tonic, clonic, tonic-atonic, generalised tonic-clonic, and focal with clearly observable motor signs), patients were randomly assigned through an interactive web response system in a 1:1:1 ratio to placebo, fenfluramine 0.2 mg/kg per day, or fenfluramine 0.7 mg/kg per day, added to existing antiepileptic agents for 14 weeks. The primary outcome was the change in mean monthly frequency of convulsive seizures during the treatment period compared with baseline in the 0.7 mg/kg per day group versus placebo; 0.2 mg/kg per day versus placebo was assessed as a key secondary outcome. Analysis was by modified intention to treat. Safety analyses included all participants who received at least one dose of study medication. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov with two identical protocols NCT02682927 and NCT02826863. Findings Between Jan 15, 2016, and Aug 14, 2017, we assessed 173 patients, of whom 119 patients (mean age 9.0 years, 64 [54%] male) were randomly assigned to receive either fenfluramine 0.2 mg/kg per day (39), fenfluramine 0.7 mg/kg per day (40) or placebo (40). During treatment, the median reduction in seizure frequency was 74.9% in the fenfluramine 0.7 mg/kg group (from median 20.7 seizures per 28 days to 4.7 seizures per 28 days), 42.3% in the fenfluramine 0.2 mg/kg group ( from median 17.5 seizures per 28 days to 12.6 per 28 days), and 19.2% in the placebo group ( from median 27.3 per 28 days to 22.0 per 28 days). The study met its primary efficacy endpoint, with fenfluramine 0.7 mg/kg per day showing a 62.3% greater reduction in mean MCSF compared with placebo (95% CI 47.7-72.8, p

Published
2019
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32. De novo FZR1 loss-of-function variants cause developmental and epileptic encephalopathies

Author

Manivannan, Sathiya N., Roovers, Jolien, Smal, Noor, Myers, Candace T., Turkdogan, Dilsad, Roelens, Filip, Kanca, Oguz, Chung, Hyung-Lok, Scholz, Tasja, Hermann, Katharina, Bierhals, Tatjana, Caglayan, Hande S., Stamberger, Hannah, Craiu, Dana, Davila, Carol, Helbig, Ingo, Guerrini, Renzo, Lehesjoki, Anna-Elina, Marini, Carla, Muhle, Hiltrud, Møller, Rikke S., Neubauer, Bernd, Pal, Deb, Sterbova, Katalin, Striano, Pasquale, Talvik, Tiina, von Spiczak, Sarah, Weber, Yvonne, Hoffman-Zacharska, Dorota, Mefford, Heather, De Jonghe, Peter, Yamamoto, Shinya, Weckhuysen, Sarah, Bellen, Hugo J., and MAE working group of EuroEPINOMICS RES Consortium

Subjects
Genetics, Microcephaly, Ataxia, Epilepsy, Seizure types, Biology, medicine.disease, Cdh1 Proteins, Phenotype, Loss of Function Mutation, Intellectual disability, medicine, Missense mutation, Humans, Epilepsy, Generalized, Original Article, Neurology (clinical), Human medicine, Generalized epilepsy, Allele, medicine.symptom, Child, Loss function
Abstract

FZR1, which encodes the Cdh1 subunit of the anaphase-promoting complex, plays an important role in neurodevelopment by regulating the cell cycle and by its multiple post-mitotic functions in neurons. In this study, evaluation of 250 unrelated patients with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies and a connection on GeneMatcher led to the identification of three de novo missense variants in FZR1. Whole-exome sequencing in 39 patient–parent trios and subsequent targeted sequencing in an additional cohort of 211 patients was performed to identify novel genes involved in developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. Functional studies in Drosophila were performed using three different mutant alleles of the Drosophila homologue of FZR1 fzr. All three individuals carrying de novo variants in FZR1 had childhood-onset generalized epilepsy, intellectual disability, mild ataxia and normal head circumference. Two individuals were diagnosed with the developmental and epileptic encephalopathy subtype myoclonic atonic epilepsy. We provide genetic-association testing using two independent statistical tests to support FZR1 association with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies. Further, we provide functional evidence that the missense variants are loss-of-function alleles using Drosophila neurodevelopment assays. Using three fly mutant alleles of the Drosophila homologue fzr and overexpression studies, we show that patient variants can affect proper neurodevelopment. With the recent report of a patient with neonatal-onset with microcephaly who also carries a de novo FZR1 missense variant, our study consolidates the relationship between FZR1 and developmental and epileptic encephalopathy and expands the associated phenotype. We conclude that heterozygous loss-of-function of FZR1 leads to developmental and epileptic encephalopathies associated with a spectrum of neonatal to childhood-onset seizure types, developmental delay and mild ataxia. Microcephaly can be present but is not an essential feature of FZR1-encephalopathy. In summary, our approach of targeted sequencing using novel gene candidates and functional testing in Drosophila will help solve undiagnosed myoclonic atonic epilepsy or developmental and epileptic encephalopathy cases.

Published
2021

33. Role of Common Genetic Variants for Drug-Resistance to Specific Anti-Seizure Medications

Author

Wolking, Stefan, Campbell, Ciarán, Stapleton, Caragh, McCormack, Mark, Delanty, Norman, Depondt, Chantal, Johnson, Michael R., Koeleman, Bobby P. C., Krause, Roland, Kunz, Wolfram S., Marson, Anthony G., Sander, Josemir W., Sills, Graeme J., Striano, Pasquale, Zara, Federico, Sisodiya, Sanjay M., Cavalleri, Gianpiero L., Lerche, Holger, and Epipgx Consortium

Subjects
Neurologie [D14] [Sciences de la santé humaine], Neurology [D14] [Human health sciences], respiratory system, musculoskeletal system, respiratory tract diseases
Abstract

Objective: Resistance to anti-seizure medications (ASMs) presents a significant hurdle in the treatment of people with epilepsy. Genetic markers for resistance to individual ASMs could support clinicians to make better-informed choices for their patients. In this study, we aimed to elucidate whether the response to individual ASMs was associated with common genetic variation.Methods: A cohort of 3,649 individuals of European descent with epilepsy was deeply phenotyped and underwent single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-genotyping. We conducted genome-wide association analyses (GWASs) on responders to specific ASMs or groups of functionally related ASMs, using non-responders as controls. We performed a polygenic risk score (PRS) analyses based on risk variants for epilepsy and neuropsychiatric disorders and ASM resistance itself to delineate the polygenic burden of ASM-specific drug resistance.Results: We identified several potential regions of interest but did not detect genome-wide significant loci for ASM-specific response. We did not find polygenic risk for epilepsy, neuropsychiatric disorders, and drug-resistance associated with drug response to specific ASMs or mechanistically related groups of ASMs.Significance: This study could not ascertain the predictive value of common genetic variants for ASM responder status. The identified suggestive loci will need replication in future studies of a larger scale.

Published
2021

34. Improving clinical paediatric research and learning from COVID-19: recommendations by the Conect4Children expert advice group

Author

Ramanan, Athimalaipet V., Modi, Neena, de Wildt, Saskia N., Aurich, Beate, Bakhtadze, Sophia, Sirvent, Francisco J. Bautista, Cabañas, Fernando, Campbell, Lisa, Casanova, Michaela, Charlton, Philippa, Crandall, Wallace, Eichler, Irmgard, Fregonese, Laura, Hawcutt, Daniel B., Iveli, Pablo, Jaki, Thomas, Jocic-Jakubi, Bosanka, Johnson, Mats, Kaguelidou, Florentina, Karadag, Bülent, Kelly, Lauren E., Lim, Ming, Moreno, Carmen, Neumann, Eva, Ollivier, Cécile, Oualha, Mehdi, Raffaeli, Genny, Ribeiro, Maria A., Roilides, Emmanuel, de Rojas, Teresa, Simón, Alba Rubio San, Ruperto, Nicolino, Scarpa, Maurizio, Schwab, Matthias, Siapkara, Angeliki, Singh, Yogen, Smits, Anne, Striano, Pasquale, Urru, Silvana A. M., Vivarelli, Marina, de Wildt, Saskia, Zivkoviz, Zorica, Pediatric Surgery, and Ramanan A. V. , Modi N., de Wildt S. N. , Aurich B., Bakhtadze S., Sirvent F. J. B. , Cabañas F., Campbell L., Casanova M., Charlton P., et al.

Subjects
2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Expert advice, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), MEDLINE, Sağlık Bilimleri, Pediatrics, Clinical Medicine (MED), Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları, Child Health and Diseases, Special Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Health Sciences, Health care, Humans, Klinik Tıp (MED), 030212 general & internal medicine, Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health, Pediatri, Perinatoloji ve Çocuk Sağlığı, Child, Pandemics, Internal Medicine Sciences, Klinik Tıp, business.industry, Research, COVID-19, Dahili Tıp Bilimleri, CLINICAL MEDICINE, Public relations, Tıp, 3. Good health, Europe, Clinical research, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Medicine, PEDİATRİ, Renal disorders Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 11], business
Abstract

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has had a devastating impact on multiple aspects of healthcare, but has also triggered new ways of working, stimulated novel approaches in clinical research and reinforced the value of previous innovations. Conect4children (c4c, www.conect4children.org) is a large collaborative European network to facilitate the development of new medicines for paediatric populations, and is made up of 35 academic and 10 industry partners from 20 European countries, more than 50 third parties, and around 500 affiliated partners. Methods We summarise aspects of clinical research in paediatrics stimulated and reinforced by COVID-19 that the Conect4children group recommends regulators, sponsors, and investigators retain for the future, to enhance the efficiency, reduce the cost and burden of medicines and non-interventional studies, and deliver research-equity. Findings We summarise aspects of clinical research in paediatrics stimulated and reinforced by COVID-19 that the Conect4children group recommends regulators, sponsors, and investigators retain for the future, to enhance the efficiency, reduce the cost and burden of medicines and non-interventional studies, and deliver research-equityWe provide examples of research innovation, and follow this with recommendations to improve the efficiency of future trials, drawing on industry perspectives, regulatory considerations, infrastructure requirements and parent–patient–public involvement. We end with a comment on progress made towards greater international harmonisation of paediatric research and how lessons learned from COVID-19 studies might assist in further improvements in this important area.

Published
2021
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35. Role of Common Genetic Variants for Drug-Resistance to Specific Anti-Seizure Medications

Author

Wolking, Stefan, Campbell, Ciarán, Marson, Anthony G., Sander, Josemir W., Sills, Graeme J., Striano, Pasquale, Zara, Federico, Sisodiya, Sanjay M., Cavalleri, Gianpiero L., Lerche, Holger, Stapleton, Caragh, McCormack, Mark, Delanty, Norman, Depondt, Chantal, Johnson, Michael R., Koeleman, Bobby P. C., Krause, Roland, and Kunz, Wolfram S.

Subjects
Pharmacology, polygenic risk score (PRS), single nucelotide polymorphisms, GWAS, anti-seizure medication (ASM), Pharmacologie, respiratory system, musculoskeletal system, drug-resistant epilepsies, respiratory tract diseases, Original Research
Abstract

Objective: Resistance to anti-seizure medications (ASMs) presents a significant hurdle in the treatment of people with epilepsy. Genetic markers for resistance to individual ASMs could support clinicians to make better-informed choices for their patients. In this study, we aimed to elucidate whether the response to individual ASMs was associated with common genetic variation. Methods: A cohort of 3,649 individuals of European descent with epilepsy was deeply phenotyped and underwent single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-genotyping. We conducted genome-wide association analyses (GWASs) on responders to specific ASMs or groups of functionally related ASMs, using non-responders as controls. We performed a polygenic risk score (PRS) analyses based on risk variants for epilepsy and neuropsychiatric disorders and ASM resistance itself to delineate the polygenic burden of ASM-specific drug resistance. Results: We identified several potential regions of interest but did not detect genome-wide significant loci for ASM-specific response. We did not find polygenic risk for epilepsy, neuropsychiatric disorders, and drug-resistance associated with drug response to specific ASMs or mechanistically related groups of ASMs. Significance: This study could not ascertain the predictive value of common genetic variants for ASM responder status. The identified suggestive loci will need replication in future studies of a larger scale., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2021
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36. Heterozygous variants in KCNC2 cause a broad spectrum of epilepsy phenotypes associated with characteristic functional alterations 2021.05.21.21257099

Author

Schwarz, Niklas, Seiffert, Simone, Pendziwiat, Manuela, Rademacher, Annika, Brünger, Tobias, Hedrich, Ulrike B. S., Augustijn, Paul B., Baier, Hartmut, Bayat, Allan, Bisulli, Francesca, Buono, Russell J., Bruria, Ben Zeev, Doyle, Michael G., Guerrini, Renzo, Heimer, Gali, Iacomino, Michele, Kearney, Hugh, Klein, Karl Martin, Kousiappa, Ioanna, Kunz, Wolfram S., Lerche, Holger, Licchetta, Laura, Lohmann, Ebba, Minardi, Raffaella, McDonald, Marie, Montgomery, Sarah, Mulahasanovic, Lejla, Oegema, Renske, Ortal, Barel, Papacostas, Savvas S., Ragona, Francesca, Granata, Tiziana, Reif, Philipp S., Rosenow, Felix, Rothschild, Annick, Scudieri, Paolo, Striano, Pasquale, Tinuper, Paolo, Tanteles, George A., Vetro, Annalisa, Zahnert, Felix, Zara, Federico, Lal, Dennis, May, Patrick, Muhle, Hiltrud, Helbig, Ingo, Weber, Yvonne, BMBF Treat-ION grant (01GM1907). [sponsor], and Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB): Bioinformatics Core (R. Schneider Group) [research center]

Subjects
KCNC2, Neurologie [D14] [Sciences de la santé humaine], Neurology [D14] [Human health sciences], epilepsy, Genetics & genetic processes [F10] [Life sciences], Génétique & processus génétiques [F10] [Sciences du vivant], potassium channel
Abstract

Background KCNC2 encodes a member of the shaw-related voltage-gated potassium channel family (KV3.2), which are important for sustained high-frequency firing and optimized energy efficiency of action potentials in the brain.Methods Individuals with KCNC2 variants detected by exome sequencing were selected for clinical, further genetic and functional analysis. The cases were referred through clinical and research collaborations in our study. Four de novo variants were examined electrophysiologically in Xenopus laevis oocytes.Results We identified novel KCNC2 variants in 27 patients with various forms of epilepsy. Functional analysis demonstrated gain-of-function in severe and loss-of-function in milder phenotypes as the underlying pathomechanisms with specific response to valproic acid.Conclusion These findings implicate KCNC2 as a novel causative gene for epilepsy emphasizing the critical role of KV3.2 in the regulation of brain excitability with an interesting genotype-phenotype correlation and a potential concept for precision medicine.

Published
2021

37. Genotype-phenotype correlations in SCN8A-related disorders reveal prognostic and therapeutic implications

Author

Johannesen, Katrine M., Liu, Yuanyuan, Gjerulfsen, Cathrine E., Koko, Mahmoud, Sonnenberg, Lukas, Schubert, Julian, Fenger, Christina D., Eltokhi, Ahmed, Rannap, Maert, Koch, Nils A., Lauxmann, Stephan, Krüger, Johanna, Kegele, Josua, Canafoglia, Laura, Franceschetti, Silvana, Mayer, Thomas, Rebstock, Johannes, Zacher, Pia, Ruf, Susanne, Alber, Michael, Sterbova, Katalin, Lassuthová, Petra, Vlckova, Marketa, Lemke, Johannes R., Krey, Ilona, Heine, Constanze, Wieczorek, Dagmar, Kroell-Seger, Judith, Lund, Caroline, Klein, Karl Martin, Au, P. Y. Billie, Rho, Jong M., Ho, Alice W., Masnada, Silvia, Veggiotti, Pierangelo, Giordano, Lucio, Accorsi, Patrizia, Hoei-Hansen, Christina E., Striano, Pasquale, Zara, Federico, Verhelst, Helene, S.Verhoeven, Judith, van der Zwaag, Bert, Harder, Aster V. E., Brilstra, Eva, Pendziwiat, Manuela, Lebon, Sebastian, Vaccarezza, Maria, Le, Ngoc Minh, Christensen, Jakob, Schmidt-Petersen, Mette U., Grønborg, Sabine, Scherer, Stephen W., Howe, Jennifer, Fazeli, Walid, Howell, Katherine B., Leventer, Richard, Stutterd, Chloe, Walsh, Sonja, Gerard, Marion, Gerard, Bénédicte, Matricardi, Sara, Bonardi, Claudia M., Sartori, Stefano, Berger, Andrea, Hoffman-Zacharska, Dorota, Mastrangelo, Massimo, Darra, Francesca, Vøllo, Arve, Motazacker, M. Mahdi, Lakeman, Phillis, Nizon, Mathilde, Betzler, Cornelia, Altuzarra, Cecilia, Caume, Roseline, Roubertie, Agathe, Gélisse, Philippe, Marini, Carla, Guerrini, Renzo, Bilan, Frederic, Tibussek, Daniel, Koch-Hogrebe, Margarete, Perry, M. Scott, Ichikawa, Shoji, Dadali, Elena, Sharkov, Artem, Mishina, Irina, Abramov, Mikhail, Kanivets, Ilya, Korostelev, Sergey, Kutsev, Sergey, Wain, Karen E., Eisenhauer, Nancy, Wagner, Monisa, Savatt, Juliann M., Müller-Schlüter, Karen, Bassan, Haim, Borovikov, Artem, Nassogne, Marie-Cecile, Destrée, Anne, Schoonjans, An-Sofie, Meuwissen, Marije, Buzatu, Marga, Jansen, Anna, Scalais, Emmanuel, Srivastava, Siddharth, Tan, Wen-Hann, Olson, Heather E., Loddenkemper, Tobias, Poduri, Annapurna, Helbig, Katherine L., Helbig, Ingo, Fitzgerald, Mark P., Goldberg, Ethan M., Roser, Timo, Borggraefe, Ingo, Brünger, Tobias, May, Patrick, Lal, Dennis, Lederer, Damien, Rubboli, Guido, Lesca, Gaetan, Hedrich, Ulrike B. S., Benda, Jan, Gardella, Elena, Lerche, Holger, Møller, Rikke S., and Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB): Bioinformatics Core (R. Schneider Group) [research center]

Subjects
Genetics & genetic processes [F10] [Life sciences], Génétique & processus génétiques [F10] [Sciences du vivant]
Abstract

We report detailed functional analyses and genotype-phenotype correlations in 433 individuals carrying disease-causing variants in SCN8A, encoding the voltage-gated Na+ channel NaV1.6. Five different clinical subgroups could be identified: 1) Benign familial infantile epilepsy (BFIE) (n=17, normal cognition, treatable seizures), 2) intermediate epilepsy (n=36, mild ID, partially pharmacoresponsive), 3) developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE, n=191, severe ID, majority pharmacoresistant), 4) generalized epilepsy (n=21, mild to moderate ID, frequently with absence seizures), and 5) affected individuals without epilepsy (n=25, mild to moderate ID). Groups 1-3 presented with early-onset (median: four months) focal or multifocal seizures and epileptic discharges, whereas the onset of seizures in group 4 was later (median: 39 months) with generalized epileptic discharges. The epilepsy was not classifiable in 143 individuals. We performed functional studies expressing missense variants in ND7/23 neuroblastoma cells and primary neuronal cultures using recombinant tetrodotoxin insensitive human NaV1.6 channels and whole-cell patch clamping. Two variants causing DEE showed a strong gain-of-function (GOF, hyperpolarising shift of steady-state activation, strongly increased neuronal firing rate), and one variant causing BFIE or intermediate epilepsy showed a mild GOF (defective fast inactivation, less increased firing). In contrast, all three variants causing generalized epilepsy induced a loss-of-function (LOF, reduced current amplitudes, depolarising shift of steady-state activation, reduced neuronal firing). Including previous studies, functional effects were known for 165 individuals. All 133 individuals carrying GOF variants had either focal (76, groups 1-3), or unclassifiable epilepsy (37), whereas 32 with LOF variants had either generalized (14), no (11) or unclassifiable (5) epilepsy; only two had DEE. Computational modeling in the GOF group revealed a significant correlation between the severity of the electrophysiological and clinical phenotypes. GOF variant carriers responded significantly better to sodium channel blockers (SCBs) than to other anti-seizure medications, and the same applied for all individuals of groups 1-3.In conclusion, our data reveal clear genotype-phenotype correlations between age at seizure onset, type of epilepsy and gain- or loss-of-function effects of SCN8A variants. Generalized epilepsy with absence seizures is the main epilepsy phenotype of LOF variant carriers and the extent of the electrophysiological dysfunction of the GOF variants is a main determinant of the severity of the clinical phenotype in focal epilepsies. Our pharmacological data indicate that SCBs present a therapeutic treatment option in early onset SCN8A-related focal epilepsy.

Published
2021

38. Climate change and epilepsy: Insights from clinical and basic science studies

Author

Gulcebi, Medine I, Bartolini, Emanuele, Lee, Omay, Lisgaras, Christos Panagiotis, Onat, Filiz, Mifsud, Janet, Striano, Pasquale, Vezzani, Annamaria, Hildebrand, Michael S, Jimenez-Jimenez, Diego, Junck, Larry, Lewis-Smith, David, Scheffer, Ingrid E, Thijs, Roland D, Zuberi, Sameer M, Blenkinsop, Stephen, Fowler, Hayley J, Foley, Aideen, Epilepsy Climate Change Consortium, and Sisodiya, Sanjay M

Subjects
Hot Temperature, Climate Change, Clinical Sciences, Neurodegenerative, Epilepsy Climate Change Consortium, Global Health, Animals, Humans, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Climate-Related Exposures and Conditions, Aetiology, Weather, Public health, Epilepsy, Neurology & Neurosurgery, Global warming, Temperature, Neurosciences, COVID-19, Extreme weather events, Humidity, Sudden, Seizure, Brain Disorders, Death, Climate Action, Global Warming Climate Change, Emergency, Neurological, Sleep Deprivation, Sleep Research
Abstract

Climate change is with us. As professionals who place value on evidence-based practice, climate change is something we cannot ignore. The current pandemic of the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has demonstrated how global crises can arise suddenly and have a significant impact on public health. Global warming, a chronic process punctuated by acute episodes of extreme weather events, is an insidious global health crisis needing at least as much attention. Many neurological diseases are complex chronic conditions influenced at many levels by changes in the environment. This review aimed to collate and evaluate reports from clinical and basic science about the relationship between climate change and epilepsy. The keywords climate change, seasonal variation, temperature, humidity, thermoregulation, biorhythm, gene, circadian rhythm, heat, and weather were used to search the published evidence. A number of climatic variables are associated with increased seizure frequency in people with epilepsy. Climate change-induced increase in seizure precipitants such as fevers, stress, and sleep deprivation (e.g. as a result of more frequent extreme weather events) or vector-borne infections may trigger or exacerbate seizures, lead to deterioration of seizure control, and affect neurological, cerebrovascular, or cardiovascular comorbidities and risk of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy. Risks are likely to be modified by many factors, ranging from individual genetic variation and temperature-dependent channel function, to housing quality and global supply chains. According to the results of the limited number of experimental studies with animal models of seizures or epilepsy, different seizure types appear to have distinct susceptibility to seasonal influences. Increased body temperature, whether in the context of fever or not, has a critical role in seizure threshold and seizure-related brain damage. Links between climate change and epilepsy are likely to be multifactorial, complex, and often indirect, which makes predictions difficult. We need more data on possible climate-driven altered risks for seizures, epilepsy, and epileptogenesis, to identify underlying mechanisms at systems, cellular, and molecular levels for better understanding of the impact of climate change on epilepsy. Further focussed data would help us to develop evidence for mitigation methods to do more to protect people with epilepsy from the effects of climate change.

Published
2021

42. Phenotypic and genetic spectrum of epilepsy with myoclonic atonic seizures

Author

Tang, Shan, Addis, Laura, Smith, Anna, Topp, Simon D., Pendziwiat, Manuela, Mei, Davide, Parker, Alasdair, Agrawal, Shakti, Hughes, Elaine, Lascelles, Karine, Williams, Ruth E., Fallon, Penny, Robinson, Robert, Cross, Helen J., Hedderly, Tammy, Eltze, Christin, Kerr, Tim, Desurkar, Archana, Hussain, Nahin, Kinali, Maria, Bagnasco, Irene, Vassallo, Grace, Whitehouse, William, Goyal, Sushma, Absoud, Michael, Møller, Rikke S., Helbig, Ingo, Weber, Yvonne G., Marini, Carla, Guerrini, Renzo, Simpson, Michael A., Pal, Deb K., Craiu, Dana, Davila, Carol, Obregia, Alexandru, De Jonghe, Peter, Lehesjoki, Anna‐Elina, Muhle, Hiltrud, Neubauer, Bernd, Selmer, Kaja, Stephani, Ulrich, Sterbova, Katalin, Striano, Pasquale, Talvik, Tiina, von Spiczak, Sarah, Weckhuysen, Sarah, Caglayan, Hande, Hoffman‐Zacharska, Dorota, Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, and EuroEPINOMICS-RES Consortium

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, Pediatrics, INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY, PROGNOSIS, Autism Spectrum Disorder, PROTEIN, Epilepsies, Myoclonic, VARIANTS, epilepsy/seizures, 3124 Neurology and psychiatry, Epilepsy, myoclonic astatic epilepsy, 0302 clinical medicine, OF-FUNCTION MUTATIONS, genetics, Age of Onset, Child, Exome, Doose syndrome, seizures, FEBRILE SEIZURES, Seizure types, Electroencephalography, 3. Good health, Phenotype, Neurology, Autism spectrum disorder, Child, Preschool, Epilepsy, Generalized, Female, medicine.medical_specialty, GENERALIZED EPILEPSY, Neuroimaging, 03 medical and health sciences, Exome Sequencing, medicine, Myoclonic atonic seizures, Humans, Generalized epilepsy, AUTISM, ASTATIC EPILEPSY, business.industry, 3112 Neurosciences, Infant, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, Myoclonic astatic epilepsy, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, DE-NOVO MUTATIONS, Autism, epilepsy, Human medicine, Neurology (clinical), 3111 Biomedicine, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to describe the extent of neurodevelopmental impairments and identify the genetic etiologies in a large cohort of patients with epilepsy with myoclonic atonic seizures (MAE).METHODS: We deeply phenotyped MAE patients for epilepsy features, intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder using standardized neuropsychological instruments. We performed exome analysis (whole exome sequencing) filtered on epilepsy and neuropsychiatric gene sets to identify genetic etiologies.RESULTS: We analyzed 101 patients with MAE (70% male). The median age of seizure onset was 34 months (range = 6-72 months). The main seizure types were myoclonic atonic or atonic in 100%, generalized tonic-clonic in 72%, myoclonic in 69%, absence in 60%, and tonic seizures in 19% of patients. We observed intellectual disability in 62% of patients, with extremely low adaptive behavioral scores in 69%. In addition, 24% exhibited symptoms of autism and 37% exhibited attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms. We discovered pathogenic variants in 12 (14%) of 85 patients, including five previously published patients. These were pathogenic genetic variants in SYNGAP1 (n = 3), KIAA2022 (n = 2), and SLC6A1 (n = 2), as well as KCNA2, SCN2A, STX1B, KCNB1, and MECP2 (n = 1 each). We also identified three new candidate genes, ASH1L, CHD4, and SMARCA2 in one patient each.SIGNIFICANCE: MAE is associated with significant neurodevelopmental impairment. MAE is genetically heterogeneous, and we identified a pathogenic genetic etiology in 14% of this cohort by exome analysis. These findings suggest that MAE is a manifestation of several etiologies rather than a discrete syndromic entity.

Published
2020
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43. Quantitative MRI-Based Analysis Identifies Developmental Limbic Abnormalities in PCDH19 Encephalopathy

Author

Lenge, Matteo, Marini, Carla, Canale, Edoardo, Napolitano, Antonio, De Masi, Salvatore, Trivisano, Marina, Mei, Davide, Longo, Daniela, Rossi Espagnet, Maria Camilla, Lucenteforte, Ersilia, Barba, Carmen, Specchio, Nicola, Striano, Pasquale, and Guerrini, Renzo

Subjects
Adult, Male, Adolescent, Cognitive Neuroscience, Encephalopathy, gyrification index, autism, Epileptogenesis, epilepsy, limbic formation, PCDH19 encephalopathy, White matter, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Epilepsy, Young Adult, Neuroimaging, Cortex (anatomy), medicine, Limbic System, Humans, Child, Gyrification, Brain Mapping, business.industry, Infant, Entorhinal cortex, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, White Matter, Protocadherins, medicine.anatomical_structure, Child, Preschool, Mutation, Female, business, Neuroscience, Spasms, Infantile
Abstract

Protocadherin-19 (PCDH19) is a calcium dependent cell-adhesion molecule involved in neuronal circuit formation with prevalent expression in the limbic structures. PCDH19-gene mutations cause a developmental encephalopathy with prominent infantile onset focal seizures, variably associated with intellectual disability and autistic features. Diagnostic neuroimaging is usually unrevealing. We used quantitative MRI to investigate the cortex and white matter in a group of 20 PCDH19-mutated patients. By a statistical comparison between quantitative features in PCDH19 brains and in a group of age and sex matched controls, we found that patients exhibited bilateral reductions of local gyrification index (lGI) in limbic cortical areas, including the parahippocampal and entorhinal cortex and the fusiform and lingual gyri, and altered diffusivity features in the underlying white matter. In patients with an earlier onset of seizures, worse psychiatric manifestations and cognitive impairment, reductions of lGI and diffusivity abnormalities in the limbic areas were more pronounced. Developmental abnormalities involving the limbic structures likely represent a measurable anatomic counterpart of the reduced contribution of the PCDH19 protein to local cortical folding and white matter organization and are functionally reflected in the phenotypic features involving cognitive and communicative skills as well as local epileptogenesis.

Published
2020

44. Adjunctive Rufinamide in Children with Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome: A Literature Review

Author

Balagura,Ganna, Riva,Antonella, Marchese,Francesca, Verrotti,Alberto, and Striano,Pasquale

Subjects
Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment
Abstract

Ganna Balagura,1,2 Antonella Riva,2 Francesca Marchese,2 Alberto Verrotti,3 Pasquale Striano1,2 1Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, and Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; 2Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS ‘G. Gaslini’ Institute, Genoa, Italy; 3Department of Pediatrics, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, ItalyCorrespondence: Pasquale Striano Email strianop@gmail.comAbstract: Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is a severe, childhood-onset, developmental epileptic encephalopathy, with different etiologies and co-morbidities. Seizure treatment in LGS represents a major challenge; new antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are developed to especially address seizures resulting in high morbidity and mortality, such as drop seizures. Rufinamide (RFN) is one of the latest AEDs licensed for patients with LGS. Its mechanism of action involves sodium channels in a way that is unrelated to other AEDs. Here we discuss the use of adjunctive RFN in children and adolescents with LGS and its efficacy and safety profile, based on a systematic literature review. RFN shows a very favorable profile in terms of adverse events and drug-interactions in children. It is particularly effective on tonic-atonic seizures and spasms, impacting on the quality of life of the patients. Further studies are needed to clarify the interaction profile with the newest AEDs for LGS and to assess correlations between the etiology of LGS and drug response to individualize treatment and maximize efficacy.Keywords: rufinamide, Lennox-Gastaut, epilepsy, children

Published
2020

45. Analysis of shared heritability in common disorders of the brain

Author

Brainstorm Consortium, Anttila, Verneri, Bulik-Sullivan, Brendan, Finucane, Hilary K, Walters, Raymond K, Bras, Jose, Duncan, Laramie, Escott-Price, Valentina, Falcone, Guido J, Gormley, Padhraig, Malik, Rainer, Patsopoulos, Nikolaos A, Ripke, Stephan, Wei, Zhi, Yu, Dongmei, Lee, Phil H, Turley, Patrick, Grenier-Boley, Benjamin, Chouraki, Vincent, Kamatani, Yoichiro, Berr, Claudine, Letenneur, Luc, Hannequin, Didier, Amouyel, Philippe, Boland, Anne, Deleuze, Jean-François, Duron, Emmanuelle, Vardarajan, Badri N, Reitz, Christiane, Goate, Alison M, Huentelman, Matthew J, Kamboh, M Ilyas, Larson, Eric B, Rogaeva, Ekaterina, St George-Hyslop, Peter, Hakonarson, Hakon, Kukull, Walter A, Farrer, Lindsay A, Barnes, Lisa L, Beach, Thomas G, Demirci, F Yesim, Head, Elizabeth, Hulette, Christine M, Jicha, Gregory A, Kauwe, John SK, Kaye, Jeffrey A, Leverenz, James B, Levey, Allan I, Lieberman, Andrew P, Pankratz, Vernon S, Poon, Wayne W, Quinn, Joseph F, Saykin, Andrew J, Schneider, Lon S, Smith, Amanda G, Sonnen, Joshua A, Stern, Robert A, Van Deerlin, Vivianna M, Van Eldik, Linda J, Harold, Denise, Russo, Giancarlo, Rubinsztein, David C, Bayer, Anthony, Tsolaki, Magda, Proitsi, Petra, Fox, Nick C, Hampel, Harald, Owen, Michael J, Mead, Simon, Passmore, Peter, Morgan, Kevin, Nöthen, Markus M, Rossor, Martin, Lupton, Michelle K, Hoffmann, Per, Kornhuber, Johannes, Lawlor, Brian, McQuillin, Andrew, Al-Chalabi, Ammar, Bis, Joshua C, Ruiz, Agustin, Boada, Mercè, Seshadri, Sudha, Beiser, Alexa, Rice, Kenneth, Van Der Lee, Sven J, De Jager, Philip L, Geschwind, Daniel H, Riemenschneider, Matthias, Riedel-Heller, Steffi, Rotter, Jerome I, Ransmayr, Gerhard, Hyman, Bradley T, Cruchaga, Carlos, Alegret, Montserrat, Winsvold, Bendik, Palta, Priit, Farh, Kai-How, Cuenca-Leon, Ester, Furlotte, Nicholas, Kurth, Tobias, Ligthart, Lannie, Terwindt, Gisela M, Freilinger, Tobias, Ran, Caroline, Gordon, Scott D, Borck, Guntram, Adams, Hieab HH, Lehtimäki, Terho, Wedenoja, Juho, Buring, Julie E, Schürks, Markus, Hrafnsdottir, Maria, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Penninx, Brenda, Artto, Ville, Kaunisto, Mari, Vepsäläinen, Salli, Martin, Nicholas G, Montgomery, Grant W, Kurki, Mitja I, Hämäläinen, Eija, Huang, Hailiang, Huang, Jie, Sandor, Cynthia, Webber, Caleb, Muller-Myhsok, Bertram, Schreiber, Stefan, Salomaa, Veikko, Loehrer, Elizabeth, Göbel, Hartmut, Macaya, Alfons, Pozo-Rosich, Patricia, Hansen, Thomas, Werge, Thomas, Kaprio, Jaakko, Metspalu, Andres, Kubisch, Christian, Ferrari, Michel D, Belin, Andrea C, Van Den Maagdenberg, Arn MJM, Zwart, John-Anker, Boomsma, Dorret, Eriksson, Nicholas, Olesen, Jes, Chasman, Daniel I, Nyholt, Dale R, Avbersek, Andreja, Baum, Larry, Berkovic, Samuel, Bradfield, Jonathan, Buono, Russell J, Catarino, Claudia B, Cossette, Patrick, De Jonghe, Peter, Depondt, Chantal, Dlugos, Dennis, Ferraro, Thomas N, French, Jacqueline, Hjalgrim, Helle, Jamnadas-Khoda, Jennifer, Kälviäinen, Reetta, Kunz, Wolfram S, Lerche, Holger, Leu, Costin, Lindhout, Dick, Lo, Warren, Lowenstein, Daniel, McCormack, Mark, Møller, Rikke S, Molloy, Anne, Ng, Ping-Wing, Oliver, Karen, Privitera, Michael, Radtke, Rodney, Ruppert, Ann-Kathrin, Sander, Thomas, Schachter, Steven, Schankin, Christoph, Scheffer, Ingrid, Schoch, Susanne, Sisodiya, Sanjay M, Smith, Philip, Sperling, Michael, Striano, Pasquale, Surges, Rainer, Thomas, G Neil, Visscher, Frank, Whelan, Christopher D, Zara, Federico, Heinzen, Erin L, Marson, Anthony, Becker, Felicitas, Stroink, Hans, Zimprich, Fritz, Gasser, Thomas, Gibbs, Raphael, Heutink, Peter, Martinez, Maria, Morris, Huw R, Sharma, Manu, Ryten, Mina, Mok, Kin Y, Pulit, Sara, Bevan, Steve, Holliday, Elizabeth, Attia, John, Battey, Thomas, Boncoraglio, Giorgio, Thijs, Vincent, Chen, Wei-Min, Mitchell, Braxton, Rothwell, Peter, Sharma, Pankaj, Sudlow, Cathie, Vicente, Astrid, Markus, Hugh, Kourkoulis, Christina, Pera, Joana, Raffeld, Miriam, Silliman, Scott, Boraska Perica, Vesna, Thornton, Laura M, Huckins, Laura M, William Rayner, N, Lewis, Cathryn M, Gratacos, Monica, Rybakowski, Filip, Keski-Rahkonen, Anna, Raevuori, Anu, Hudson, James I, Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted, Monteleone, Palmiero, Karwautz, Andreas, Mannik, Katrin, Baker, Jessica H, O'Toole, Julie K, Trace, Sara E, Davis, Oliver SP, Helder, Sietske G, Ehrlich, Stefan, Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate, Danner, Unna N, Van Elburg, Annemarie A, Clementi, Maurizio, Forzan, Monica, Docampo, Elisa, Lissowska, Jolanta, Hauser, Joanna, Tortorella, Alfonso, Maj, Mario, Gonidakis, Fragiskos, Tziouvas, Konstantinos, Papezova, Hana, Yilmaz, Zeynep, Wagner, Gudrun, Cohen-Woods, Sarah, Herms, Stefan, Julià, Antonio, Rabionet, Raquel, Dick, Danielle M, Ripatti, Samuli, Andreassen, Ole A, Espeseth, Thomas, Lundervold, Astri J, Steen, Vidar M, Pinto, Dalila, Scherer, Stephen W, Aschauer, Harald, Schosser, Alexandra, Alfredsson, Lars, Padyukov, Leonid, Halmi, Katherine A, Mitchell, James, Strober, Michael, Bergen, Andrew W, Kaye, Walter, Szatkiewicz, Jin Peng, Cormand, Bru, Ramos-Quiroga, Josep Antoni, Sánchez-Mora, Cristina, Ribasés, Marta, Casas, Miguel, Hervas, Amaia, Arranz, Maria Jesús, Haavik, Jan, Zayats, Tetyana, Johansson, Stefan, Williams, Nigel, Dempfle, Astrid, Rothenberger, Aribert, Kuntsi, Jonna, Oades, Robert D, Banaschewski, Tobias, Franke, Barbara, Buitelaar, Jan K, Arias Vasquez, Alejandro, Doyle, Alysa E, Reif, Andreas, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Freitag, Christine, Rivero, Olga, Palmason, Haukur, Romanos, Marcel, Langley, Kate, Rietschel, Marcella, Witt, Stephanie H, Dalsgaard, Soeren, Børglum, Anders D, Waldman, Irwin, Wilmot, Beth, Molly, Nikolas, Bau, Claiton HD, Crosbie, Jennifer, Schachar, Russell, Loo, Sandra K, McGough, James J, Grevet, Eugenio H, Medland, Sarah E, Robinson, Elise, Weiss, Lauren A, Bacchelli, Elena, Bailey, Anthony, Bal, Vanessa, Battaglia, Agatino, Betancur, Catalina, Bolton, Patrick, Cantor, Rita, Celestino-Soper, Patrícia, Dawson, Geraldine, De Rubeis, Silvia, Duque, Frederico, Green, Andrew, Klauck, Sabine M, Leboyer, Marion, Levitt, Pat, Maestrini, Elena, Mane, Shrikant, De-Luca, Daniel Moreno, Parr, Jeremy, Regan, Regina, Reichenberg, Abraham, Sandin, Sven, Vorstman, Jacob, Wassink, Thomas, Wijsman, Ellen, Cook, Edwin, Santangelo, Susan, Delorme, Richard, Rogé, Bernadette, Magalhaes, Tiago, Arking, Dan, Schulze, Thomas G, Thompson, Robert C, Strohmaier, Jana, Matthews, Keith, Melle, Ingrid, Morris, Derek, Blackwood, Douglas, McIntosh, Andrew, Bergen, Sarah E, Schalling, Martin, Jamain, Stéphane, Maaser, Anna, Fischer, Sascha B, Reinbold, Céline S, Fullerton, Janice M, Guzman-Parra, José, Mayoral, Fermin, Schofield, Peter R, Cichon, Sven, Mühleisen, Thomas W, Degenhardt, Franziska, Schumacher, Johannes, Bauer, Michael, Mitchell, Philip B, Gershon, Elliot S, Rice, John, Potash, James B, Zandi, Peter P, Craddock, Nick, Ferrier, I Nicol, Alda, Martin, Rouleau, Guy A, Turecki, Gustavo, Ophoff, Roel, Pato, Carlos, Anjorin, Adebayo, Stahl, Eli, Leber, Markus, Czerski, Piotr M, Cruceanu, Cristiana, Jones, Ian R, Posthuma, Danielle, Andlauer, Till FM, Forstner, Andreas J, Streit, Fabian, Baune, Bernhard T, Air, Tracy, Sinnamon, Grant, Wray, Naomi R, MacIntyre, Donald J, Porteous, David, Homuth, Georg, Rivera, Margarita, Grove, Jakob, Middeldorp, Christel M, Hickie, Ian, Pergadia, Michele, Mehta, Divya, Smit, Johannes H, Jansen, Rick, De Geus, Eco, Dunn, Erin, Li, Qingqin S, Nauck, Matthias, Schoevers, Robert A, Beekman, Aartjan Tf, Knowles, James A, Viktorin, Alexander, Arnold, Paul, Barr, Cathy L, Bedoya-Berrio, Gabriel, Bienvenu, O Joseph, Brentani, Helena, Burton, Christie, Camarena, Beatriz, Cappi, Carolina, Cath, Danielle, Cavallini, Maria, Cusi, Daniele, Darrow, Sabrina, Denys, Damiaan, Derks, Eske M, Dietrich, Andrea, Fernandez, Thomas, Figee, Martijn, Freimer, Nelson, Gerber, Gloria, Grados, Marco, Greenberg, Erica, Hanna, Gregory L, Hartmann, Andreas, Hirschtritt, Matthew E, Hoekstra, Pieter J, Huang, Alden, Huyser, Chaim, Illmann, Cornelia, Jenike, Michael, Kuperman, Samuel, Leventhal, Bennett, Lochner, Christine, Lyon, Gholson J, Macciardi, Fabio, Madruga-Garrido, Marcos, Malaty, Irene A, Maras, Athanasios, McGrath, Lauren, Miguel, Eurípedes C, Mir, Pablo, Nestadt, Gerald, Nicolini, Humberto, Okun, Michael S, Pakstis, Andrew, Paschou, Peristera, Piacentini, John, Pittenger, Christopher, Plessen, Kerstin, Ramensky, Vasily, Ramos, Eliana M, Reus, Victor, Richter, Margaret A, Riddle, Mark A, Robertson, Mary M, Roessner, Veit, Rosário, Maria, Samuels, Jack F, Sandor, Paul, Stein, Dan J, Tsetsos, Fotis, Van Nieuwerburgh, Filip, Weatherall, Sarah, Wendland, Jens R, Wolanczyk, Tomasz, Worbe, Yulia, Zai, Gwyneth, Goes, Fernando S, McLaughlin, Nicole, Nestadt, Paul S, Grabe, Hans-Jorgen, Depienne, Christel, Konkashbaev, Anuar, Lanzagorta, Nuria, Valencia-Duarte, Ana, Bramon, Elvira, Buccola, Nancy, Cahn, Wiepke, Cairns, Murray, Chong, Siow A, Cohen, David, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Crowley, James, Davidson, Michael, DeLisi, Lynn, Dinan, Timothy, Donohoe, Gary, Drapeau, Elodie, Duan, Jubao, Haan, Lieuwe, Hougaard, David, Karachanak-Yankova, Sena, Khrunin, Andrey, Klovins, Janis, Kučinskas, Vaidutis, Lee Chee Keong, Jimmy, Limborska, Svetlana, Loughland, Carmel, Lönnqvist, Jouko, Maher, Brion, Mattheisen, Manuel, McDonald, Colm, Murphy, Kieran C, Nenadic, Igor, Van Os, Jim, Pantelis, Christos, Pato, Michele, Petryshen, Tracey, Quested, Digby, Roussos, Panos, Sanders, Alan R, Schall, Ulrich, Schwab, Sibylle G, Sim, Kang, So, Hon-Cheong, Stögmann, Elisabeth, Subramaniam, Mythily, Toncheva, Draga, Waddington, John, Walters, James, Weiser, Mark, Cheng, Wei, Cloninger, Robert, Curtis, David, Gejman, Pablo V, Henskens, Frans, Mattingsdal, Morten, Oh, Sang-Yun, Scott, Rodney, Webb, Bradley, Breen, Gerome, Churchhouse, Claire, Bulik, Cynthia M, Daly, Mark, Dichgans, Martin, Faraone, Stephen V, Guerreiro, Rita, Holmans, Peter, Kendler, Kenneth S, Koeleman, Bobby, Mathews, Carol A, Price, Alkes, Scharf, Jeremiah, Sklar, Pamela, Williams, Julie, Wood, Nicholas W, Cotsapas, Chris, Palotie, Aarno, Smoller, Jordan W, Sullivan, Patrick, Rosand, Jonathan, Corvin, Aiden, Neale, Benjamin M, Schott, Jonathan M, Anney, Richard, Elia, Josephine, Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, Maria, Edenberg, Howard J, Murray, Robin, Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (BROAD INSTITUTE), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS)-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)-Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], UK Dementia Research Institute (UK DRI), University College of London [London] (UCL), School of Psychology [Cardiff University], Cardiff University, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität [München]-Ludwig Maximilian University [Munich] (LMU), New Jersey Institute of Technology [Newark] (NJIT), Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies liées au Vieillissement - U 1167 (RID-AGE), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences [Yokohama] (RIKEN IMS), RIKEN - Institute of Physical and Chemical Research [Japon] (RIKEN), Neuropsychiatrie : recherche épidémiologique et clinique (PSNREC), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Microbiologie Appliquée (LBMA), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de neurologie [Rouen], CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Gériatrie générale et aigüe [Paris], AP-HP - Hôpital Cochin Broca Hôtel Dieu [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Columbia University [New York], Dpt of Neuroscience [New York], Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM), University of Pittsburgh (PITT), Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), University of Washington [Seattle], Tanz Center Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases [Toronto], University of Toronto, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP ), University of Kentucky (UK), School of medicine, Duke University [Durham], College of medicine, Brigham Young University (BYU), Oregon Health and Science University [Portland] (OHSU), Cleveland Clinic, Department of Neurology, Emory University [Atlanta, GA], Medical School, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, Health sciences center, The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders [Irvine], University of California [Irvine] (UC Irvine), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indiana University System, Keck School of Medicine [Los Angeles], University of Southern California (USC), University of South Florida [Tampa] (USF), University of Utah School of Medicine [Salt Lake City], Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM), Boston University [Boston] (BU), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Dublin City University [Dublin] (DCU), Functional Genomics Center Zurich, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH)- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institut, King‘s College London, Dementia Research Centre [London] (DRC), Groupe de recherche clinique Alzheimer Precision Medicine (GRC 21 - APM), Sorbonne Université (SU), MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Medical Research Council-Cardiff University, MRC Prion Unit [London], Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), School of Medicine [Dublin], Trinity College Dublin, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), School of Public Health [Boston], Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), Columbia University Medical Center (CUMC), David Geffen School of Medicine [Los Angeles], University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), Saarland University [Saarbrücken], Universität Leipzig, School of Medicine [Los Angeles], Johannes Kepler Universität Linz - Johannes Kepler University Linz [Autriche] (JKU), Department of Neurology [Boston], Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS)-Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], School of Medecine, Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), Oslo University Hospital [Oslo], Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland [Helsinki] (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, 23andMe Inc., Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], Department of Biological Psychology [Amsterdam], Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Universiteit Leiden, University-Hospital Munich-Großhadern [München], Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Universität Ulm - Ulm University [Ulm, Allemagne], Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences [Tampere], University of Tampere [Finland], Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Brigham & Women’s Hospital [Boston] (BWH), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Landspitali National University Hospital of Iceland, VU University Medical Center [Amsterdam], Boston VA Research Institute (BVARI), Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics [Oxford], University of Oxford, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU), Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, National Institute for Health and Welfare [Helsinki], Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital [Barcelona], University of Tartu, Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf = University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf [Hamburg] (UKE), Center for Human and Clinical Genetics, Universiteit Leiden-Universiteit Leiden, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology [Brisbane] (QUT), Discipline of Psychiatry [Dublin], Trinity College Dublin-Trinity College Dublin, Institute of Neurology [London], The University of Hong Kong (HKU), University of Melbourne, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University [Camden] (CMSRU), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Université de Montréal (UdeM), University of Antwerp (UA), Hôpital Erasme [Bruxelles] (ULB), Faculté de Médecine [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), New York University School of Medicine (NYU), New York University School of Medicine, NYU System (NYU)-NYU System (NYU), University of Eastern Finland, Universitätsklinikum Bonn (UKB), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research [Tubingen], University of Tübingen, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre [London], Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust-King‘s College London, University Medical Center [Utrecht], Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), University of California [San Francisco] (UC San Francisco), University of California (UC), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), University of Southern Denmark (SDU), United Christian Hospital [Hong Kong] (UCH), University of Cincinnati (UC), University of Cologne, Inselspital Bern, University of Wales, Jefferson University Hospitals, University of Liverpool, Medizinische Universität Wien = Medical University of Vienna, National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), German Research Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases - Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Lincoln, University of Newcastle [Callaghan, Australia] (UoN), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico 'Carlo Besta', University of Virginia, University of Maryland [Baltimore County] (UMBC), University of Maryland System, Royal Holloway [University of London] (RHUL), University of Edinburgh, Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), University of Split, University of North Carolina [Chapel Hill] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC), Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG-UPF), CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), McLean Hospital [Belmont, Ma.], Norwegian Institute of Public Health [Oslo] (NIPH), Università degli Studi di Salerno = University of Salerno (UNISA), University of Bristol [Bristol], Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University (RWTH), Utrecht University [Utrecht], Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Université de Liège, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology (MCMCC), Università degli Studi di Perugia = University of Perugia (UNIPG), Università degli studi della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli' = University of the Study of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Charles University [Prague] (CU), SURFACES, Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Flinders University [Adelaide, Australia], Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), University of Oslo (UiO), University of Bergen (UiB), Weill Medical College of Cornell University [New York], University of North Dakota [Grand Forks] (UND), Oregon Research Institute (ORI), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental [Madrid] (CIBER-SAM), Hospital Universitario Mutua de Terrassa, School of Computer Science and Communication [Stockholm], Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] (KTH ), Jefferson (Philadelphia University + Thomas Jefferson University), University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, Radboud University Medical Center [Nijmegen], Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Maastricht University [Maastricht], Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Aarhus University [Aarhus], University of Iowa [Iowa City], Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre] (UFRGS), The Hospital for sick children [Toronto] (SickKids), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), University of British Columbia (UBC), IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris [Pisa], Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Neuroscience Paris Seine (NPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade de Coimbra [Coimbra], Academic Centre on Rare Diseases (ACoRD), University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Our Lady's Children's Hospital Crumlin (OLCHC), German Cancer Research Center - Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum [Heidelberg] (DKFZ), Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Children’s Hospital Los Angeles [Los Angeles], Yale University [New Haven], Brown University, Institute of Neuroscience [Newcastle] (ION), Newcastle University [Newcastle], Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (MEB), Division of Medical Genetics [Seattle], University of Illinois [Chicago] (UIC), University of Illinois System, Maine Medical Center Research Institute (MMCRI), Génétique humaine et fonctions cognitives - Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions (GHFC (UMR_3571 / U-Pasteur_1)), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d’Etudes et de Recherches en Psychopathologie et Psychologie de la Santé (CERPPS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine [Baltimore], Ludwig Maximilian University [Munich] (LMU), University of Michigan System, Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry [Mannhein], Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University-Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, University of Dundee, National University of Ireland [Galway] (NUI Galway), University Hospital Basel [Basel], Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, UNSW Faculty of Medicine [Sydney], University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), University of Chicago, Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health [Baltimore], Dalhousie University [Halifax], Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], State University of New York (SUNY), University Hospital of Cologne [Cologne], University of Adelaide, James Cook University (JCU), Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland [Brisbane], Greifswald University Hospital, The University of Sydney, University Medical Center Groningen [Groningen] (UMCG), University of Calgary, University Health Network, Universidad de Antioquia = University of Antioquia [Medellín, Colombia], Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Ospedale San Raffaele, University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), University of Groningen [Groningen], Yale School of Medicine [New Haven, Connecticut] (YSM), Academic Medical Center - Academisch Medisch Centrum [Amsterdam] (AMC), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), University of Cape Town, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL), Universidad de Sevilla / University of Sevilla, University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), University of Denver, Purdue University [West Lafayette], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois [Lausanne] (CHUV), Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology [Moscow] (MIPT), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Federal Institute of São Paulo (IFSP), Democritus University of Thrace (DUTH), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Medical University of Warsaw - Poland, Sorbonne Université - Faculté de Médecine - Département d'Enseignement et de Recherche en Médecine Générale, Universitätsklinikum Essen [Universität Duisburg-Essen] (Uniklinik Essen), Vanderbilt University Medical Center [Nashville], Vanderbilt University [Nashville], Institute of Mental Health [Singapore], Universidad de Cantabria [Santander], Tel Aviv University (TAU), University College Cork (UCC), University of Rochester [USA], Statens Serum Institut [Copenhagen], Софийски университет = Sofia University, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre [Rīga], Vilnius University [Vilnius], Nanyang Technological University [Singapour], Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Jena University Hospital [Jena], Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Schizophrenia Research Institute [Sydney], Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health [Wollongong], University of Wollongong [Australia], City University of Hong Kong [Hong Kong] (CUHK), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), This work was supported by grants 1R01MH10764901 and 5U01MH09443203 from the National Institute of Mental Health, as well as the Orion Farmos Research Foundation (V.A.) and the Fannie and John Hertz Foundation (H.K.F.). Consortium specific funding is detailed in the supplementary materials ('Study-specific acknowledgments')., Brainstorm Consortium, University of Kentucky, University of California [Irvine] (UCI), University of California-University of California, University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], Alzheimer Precision Medicine [CHU Pitié-Salpétriêre] (GRC 21 AMP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Universität Leipzig [Leipzig], Johannes Kepler University Linz [Linz] (JKU), University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, University of Helsinki, University of Oxford [Oxford], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), University of California [San Francisco] (UCSF), University of California, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Newcastle [Australia] (UoN), University of Virginia [Charlottesville], Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Università degli Studi di Salerno (UNISA), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen (RWTH), Università degli Studi di Perugia (UNIPG), Università degli studi della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg]-Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, VU University Amsterdam, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Yale University School of Medicine, Universidad de Sevilla, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Service de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière] (SPEA), Tel Aviv University [Tel Aviv], University of Sofia, Anttila, Verneri, Bulik-Sullivan, Brendan, Finucane, Hilary K., Walters, Raymond K., Bras, Jose, Duncan, Laramie, Escott-Price, Valentina, Falcone, Guido J., Gormley, Padhraig, Malik, Rainer, Patsopoulos, Nikolaos A., Ripke, Stephan, Wei, Zhi, Yu, Dongmei, Lee, Phil H., Turley, Patrick, Grenier-Boley, Benjamin, Chouraki, Vincent, Kamatani, Yoichiro, Berr, Claudine, Letenneur, Luc, Hannequin, Didier, Amouyel, Philippe, Boland, Anne, Deleuze, Jean-Françoi, Duron, Emmanuelle, Vardarajan, Badri N., Reitz, Christiane, Goate, Alison M., Huentelman, Matthew J., Ilyas Kamboh, M., Larson, Eric B., Rogaeva, Ekaterina, George-Hyslop, Peter St, Hakonarson, Hakon, Kukull, Walter A., Farrer, Lindsay A., Barnes, Lisa L., Beach, Thomas G., Yesim Demirci, F., Head, Elizabeth, Hulette, Christine M., Jicha, Gregory A., Kauwe, John S.K., Kaye, Jeffrey A., Leverenz, James B., Levey, Allan I., Lieberman, Andrew P., Pankratz, Vernon S., Poon, Wayne W., Quinn, Joseph F., Saykin, Andrew J., Schneider, Lon S., Smith, Amanda G., Sonnen, Joshua A., Stern, Robert A., Van Deerlin, Vivianna M., Van Eldik, Linda J., Harold, Denise, Russo, Giancarlo, Rubinsztein, David C., Bayer, Anthony, Tsolaki, Magda, Proitsi, Petra, Fox, Nick C., Hampel, Harald, Owen, Michael J., Mead, Simon, Passmore, Peter, Morgan, Kevin, Nöthen, Markus M., Rossor, Martin, Lupton, Michelle K., Hoffmann, Per, Kornhuber, Johanne, Lawlor, Brian, McQuillin, Andrew, Al-Chalabi, Ammar, Bis, Joshua C., Ruiz, Agustin, Boada, Mercè, Seshadri, Sudha, Beiser, Alexa, Rice, Kenneth, Van Der Lee, Sven J., De Jager, Philip L., Geschwind, Daniel H., Riemenschneider, Matthia, Riedel-Heller, Steffi, Rotter, Jerome I., Ransmayr, Gerhard, Hyman, Bradley T., Cruchaga, Carlo, Alegret, Montserrat, Winsvold, Bendik, Palta, Priit, Farh, Kai-How, Cuenca-Leon, Ester, Furlotte, Nichola, Kurth, Tobia, Ligthart, Lannie, Terwindt, Gisela M., Freilinger, Tobia, Ran, Caroline, Gordon, Scott D., Borck, Guntram, Adams, Hieab H.H., Lehtimäki, Terho, Wedenoja, Juho, Buring, Julie E., Schürks, Marku, Hrafnsdottir, Maria, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Penninx, Brenda, Artto, Ville, Kaunisto, Mari, Vepsäläinen, Salli, Martin, Nicholas G., Montgomery, Grant W., Kurki, Mitja I., Hämäläinen, Eija, Huang, Hailiang, Huang, Jie, Sandor, Cynthia, Webber, Caleb, Muller-Myhsok, Bertram, Schreiber, Stefan, Salomaa, Veikko, Loehrer, Elizabeth, Göbel, Hartmut, Macaya, Alfon, Pozo-Rosich, Patricia, Hansen, Thoma, Werge, Thoma, Kaprio, Jaakko, Metspalu, Andre, Kubisch, Christian, Ferrari, Michel D., Belin, Andrea C., Van Den Maagdenberg, Arn M. 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Duque, F, Green, A, Klauck, S, Leboyer, M, Levitt, P, Maestrini, E, Mane, S, Moreno-De-Luca, D, Parr, J, Regan, R, Reichenberg, A, Sandin, S, Vorstman, J, Wassink, T, Wijsman, E, Cook, E, Santangelo, S, Delorme, R, Roge, B, Magalhaes, T, Arking, D, Schulze, T, Thompson, R, Strohmaier, J, Matthews, K, Melle, I, Morris, D, Blackwood, D, Mcintosh, A, Bergen, S, Schalling, M, Jamain, S, Maaser, A, Fischer, S, Reinbold, C, Fullerton, J, Guzman-Parra, J, Mayoral, F, Schofield, P, Cichon, S, Mühleisen, T, Degenhardt, F, Schumacher, J, Bauer, M, Mitchell, P, Gershon, E, Rice, J, Potash, J, Zandi, P, Craddock, N, Nicol Ferrier, I, Alda, M, Rouleau, G, Turecki, G, Ophoff, R, Pato, C, Anjorin, A, Stahl, E, Leber, M, Czerski, P, Cruceanu, C, Jones, I, Posthuma, D, Andlauer, T, Forstner, A, Streit, F, Baune, B, Air, T, Sinnamon, G, Wray, N, Macintyre, D, Porteous, D, Homuth, G, Rivera, M, Grove, J, Middeldorp, C, Hickie, I, Pergadia, M, Mehta, D, Smit, J, Jansen, R, De Geus, E, Dunn, E, Li, Q, Nauck, M, Schoevers, R, Beekman, A, Knowles, J, Viktorin, A, Arnold, P, Barr, C, Bedoya-Berrio, G, Joseph Bienvenu, O, Brentani, H, Burton, C, Camarena, B, Cappi, C, Cath, D, Cavallini, M, Cusi, D, Darrow, S, Denys, D, Derks, E, Dietrich, A, Fernandez, T, Figee, M, Freimer, N, Gerber, G, Grados, M, Greenberg, E, Hanna, G, Hartmann, A, Hirschtritt, M, Hoekstra, P, Huang, A, Huyser, C, Illmann, C, Jenike, M, Kuperman, S, Leventhal, B, Lochner, C, Lyon, G, Macciardi, F, Madruga-Garrido, M, Malaty, I, Maras, A, Mcgrath, L, Miguel, E, Mir, P, Nestadt, G, Nicolini, H, Okun, M, Pakstis, A, Paschou, P, Piacentini, J, Pittenger, C, Plessen, K, Ramensky, V, Ramos, E, Reus, V, Richter, M, Riddle, M, Robertson, M, Roessner, V, Rosário, M, Samuels, J, Sandor, P, Stein, D, Tsetsos, F, Van Nieuwerburgh, F, Weatherall, S, Wendland, J, Wolanczyk, T, Worbe, Y, Zai, G, Goes, F, Mclaughlin, N, Nestadt, P, Grabe, H, Depienne, C, Konkashbaev, A, Lanzagorta, N, Valencia-Duarte, A, Bramon, E, Buccola, N, Cahn, W, Cairns, M, Chong, S, Cohen, D, Crespo-Facorro, B, Crowley, J, Davidson, M, Delisi, L, Dinan, T, Donohoe, G, Drapeau, E, Duan, J, Haan, L, Hougaard, D, Karachanak-Yankova, S, Khrunin, A, Klovins, J, Kučinskas, V, Keong, J, Limborska, S, Loughland, C, Lönnqvist, J, Maher, B, Mattheisen, M, Mcdonald, C, Murphy, K, Nenadic, I, Van Os, J, Pantelis, C, Pato, M, Petryshen, T, Quested, D, Roussos, P, Sanders, A, Schall, U, Schwab, S, Sim, K, So, H, Stögmann, E, Subramaniam, M, Toncheva, D, Waddington, J, Walters, J, Weiser, M, Cheng, W, Cloninger, R, Curtis, D, Gejman, P, Henskens, F, Mattingsdal, M, Oh, S, Scott, R, Webb, B, Breen, G, Churchhouse, C, Bulik, C, Daly, M, Dichgans, M, Faraone, S, Guerreiro, R, Holmans, P, Kendler, K, Koeleman, B, Mathews, C, Price, A, Scharf, J, Sklar, P, Williams, J, Wood, N, Cotsapas, C, Palotie, A, Smoller, J, Sullivan, P, Rosand, J, Corvin, A, Neale, B, Kauwe, John S. K., Mcquillin, Andrew, Adams, Hieab H. H., Mccormack, Mark, Bau, Claiton H. D., Mcgough, James J., Mcintosh, Andrew, Andlauer, Till F. M., Macintyre, Donald J., Mcgrath, Lauren, Mclaughlin, Nicole, Delisi, Lynn, Mcdonald, Colm, Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Vrije universiteit = Free university of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies liées au Vieillissement (Inserm U1167 - RID-AGE - Institut Pasteur), RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Science, Neuropsychiatrie : recherche épidémiologique et clinique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université de Montpellier (UM), University of South Florida (USF), University of Zürich [Zürich] (UZH)-Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Alzheimer Precision Medicine GRC n°21 (APM), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Cardiff University-Medical Research Council, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Johannes Kepler University Linz [linz] (JKU), Washington University in St Louis, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin / Charite - University Medicine Berlin, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona [Barcelona] (UAB), Hôpital Erasme (Bruxelles), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Jagiellonian University [Krakow] (UJ), Technische Universität Dresden (TUD), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens = University of Athens (NKUA | UoA), Charles University [Prague], Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Bergen (UIB), University Medicine Goettingen, Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, UNSW Medicine [Sydney], McGill University, Universidad de Antioquia, University of Florida [Gainesville], Universiteit Gent [Ghent], Service Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], University of Wollongong, Alzheimer Precision Medicine [CHU Pitié-Salpétriêre] (GRC 21 APM), Anttila, Verneri [0000-0002-0073-4675], Finucane, Hilary K [0000-0003-3864-9828], Walters, Raymond K [0000-0001-8422-6530], Duncan, Laramie [0000-0003-1131-661X], Escott-Price, Valentina [0000-0003-1784-5483], Falcone, Guido J [0000-0002-6407-0302], Gormley, Padhraig [0000-0002-8908-6968], Malik, Rainer [0000-0001-9212-2520], Ripke, Stephan [0000-0003-3622-835X], Wei, Zhi [0000-0001-6059-4267], Yu, Dongmei [0000-0001-7901-4365], Lee, Phil H [0000-0003-1770-3100], Breen, Gerome [0000-0003-2053-1792], Bulik, Cynthia M [0000-0001-7772-3264], Daly, Mark [0000-0002-0949-8752], Dichgans, Martin [0000-0002-0654-387X], Faraone, Stephen V [0000-0002-9217-3982], Holmans, Peter [0000-0003-0870-9412], Koeleman, Bobby [0000-0001-7749-182X], Mathews, Carol A [0000-0003-2208-7058], Sklar, Pamela [0000-0001-9715-4943], Williams, Julie [0000-0002-4069-0259], Wood, Nicholas W [0000-0002-9500-3348], Cotsapas, Chris [0000-0002-7772-5910], Smoller, Jordan W [0000-0002-0381-6334], Sullivan, Patrick [0000-0002-6619-873X], Rosand, Jonathan [0000-0002-1014-9138], Corvin, Aiden [0000-0001-6717-4089], Neale, Benjamin M [0000-0003-1513-6077], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Etiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MESH: Brain Diseases, body-mass index, genetics [Mental Disorders], Disorders of the Brain, Risks factors, classification [Mental Disorders], MESH: Quantitative Trait, Heritable, MESH: Risk Factors, Risk Factors, MESH: Genetic Variation, alzheimers-disease, 610 Medicine & health, bipolar disorder, Brain Diseases, deficit hyperactivity disorder, Multidisciplinary, Mental Disorders, genetics [Brain Diseases], Brain Disease, Brain, Genetic Variation, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Phenotype, Quantitative Trait, Heritable, Psychiatric Disorders, anorexia-nervosa, Mental Disorder, Psychiatric Genomics, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], long-term survival, Engineering sciences. Technology, Human, General Science & Technology, population-based twin, diagnosis [Mental Disorders], MESH: Phenotype, Neurological Disorders, Quantitative Trait, MD Multidisciplinary, MESH: Mental Disorders, diagnosis [Brain Diseases], Heritable, genetic correlations, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, MESH: Humans, major depressive disorder, Risk Factor, Brain Diseases/classification, Brain Diseases/diagnosis, Brain Diseases/genetics, Mental Disorders/classification, Mental Disorders/diagnosis, Mental Disorders/genetics, classification [Brain Diseases], Perturbações do Desenvolvimento Infantil e Saúde Mental, ddc:320, MESH: Genome-Wide Association Study, genome-wide association, Brainstorm Consortium, Genetic Factors, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract

INTRODUCTION Brain disorders may exhibit shared symptoms and substantial epidemiological comorbidity, inciting debate about their etiologic overlap. However, detailed study of phenotypes with different ages of onset, severity, and presentation poses a considerable challenge. Recently developed heritability methods allow us to accurately measure correlation of genome-wide common variant risk between two phenotypes from pools of different individuals and assess how connected they, or at least their genetic risks, are on the genomic level. We used genome-wide association data for 265,218 patients and 784,643 control participants, as well as 17 phenotypes from a total of 1,191,588 individuals, to quantify the degree of overlap for genetic risk factors of 25 common brain disorders. RATIONALE Over the past century, the classification of brain disorders has evolved to reflect the medical and scientific communities’ assessments of the presumed root causes of clinical phenomena such as behavioral change, loss of motor function, or alterations of consciousness. Directly observable phenomena (such as the presence of emboli, protein tangles, or unusual electrical activity patterns) generally define and separate neurological disorders from psychiatric disorders. Understanding the genetic underpinnings and categorical distinctions for brain disorders and related phenotypes may inform the search for their biological mechanisms. RESULTS Common variant risk for psychiatric disorders was shown to correlate significantly, especially among attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder (MDD), and schizophrenia. By contrast, neurological disorders appear more distinct from one another and from the psychiatric disorders, except for migraine, which was significantly correlated to ADHD, MDD, and Tourette syndrome. We demonstrate that, in the general population, the personality trait neuroticism is significantly correlated with almost every psychiatric disorder and migraine. We also identify significant genetic sharing between disorders and early life cognitive measures (e.g., years of education and college attainment) in the general population, demonstrating positive correlation with several psychiatric disorders (e.g., anorexia nervosa and bipolar disorder) and negative correlation with several neurological phenotypes (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease and ischemic stroke), even though the latter are considered to result from specific processes that occur later in life. Extensive simulations were also performed to inform how statistical power, diagnostic misclassification, and phenotypic heterogeneity influence genetic correlations. CONCLUSION The high degree of genetic correlation among many of the psychiatric disorders adds further evidence that their current clinical boundaries do not reflect distinct underlying pathogenic processes, at least on the genetic level. This suggests a deeply interconnected nature for psychiatric disorders, in contrast to neurological disorders, and underscores the need to refine psychiatric diagnostics. Genetically informed analyses may provide important “scaffolding” to support such restructuring of psychiatric nosology, which likely requires incorporating many levels of information. By contrast, we find limited evidence for widespread common genetic risk sharing among neurological disorders or across neurological and psychiatric disorders. We show that both psychiatric and neurological disorders have robust correlations with cognitive and personality measures. Further study is needed to evaluate whether overlapping genetic contributions to psychiatric pathology may influence treatment choices. Ultimately, such developments may pave the way toward reduced heterogeneity and improved diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric disorders.

Published
2018
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46. Adjunctive rufinamide in children with lennox-gastaut syndrome: A literature review

Author

Balagura, Ganna, Riva, Antonella, Marchese, Francesca, Verrotti, Alberto, and Striano, Pasquale

Subjects
Epilepsy, Lennox-Gastaut, Rufinamide, Children, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, Review, RC346-429, RC321-571
Abstract

Ganna Balagura,1,2 Antonella Riva,2 Francesca Marchese,2 Alberto Verrotti,3 Pasquale Striano1,2 1Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, and Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; 2Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS ‘G. Gaslini’ Institute, Genoa, Italy; 3Department of Pediatrics, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, ItalyCorrespondence: Pasquale Striano Email strianop@gmail.comAbstract: Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is a severe, childhood-onset, developmental epileptic encephalopathy, with different etiologies and co-morbidities. Seizure treatment in LGS represents a major challenge; new antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are developed to especially address seizures resulting in high morbidity and mortality, such as drop seizures. Rufinamide (RFN) is one of the latest AEDs licensed for patients with LGS. Its mechanism of action involves sodium channels in a way that is unrelated to other AEDs. Here we discuss the use of adjunctive RFN in children and adolescents with LGS and its efficacy and safety profile, based on a systematic literature review. RFN shows a very favorable profile in terms of adverse events and drug-interactions in children. It is particularly effective on tonic-atonic seizures and spasms, impacting on the quality of life of the patients. Further studies are needed to clarify the interaction profile with the newest AEDs for LGS and to assess correlations between the etiology of LGS and drug response to individualize treatment and maximize efficacy.Keywords: rufinamide, Lennox-Gastaut, epilepsy, children

Published
2020

47. Epilepsy Subtype-Specific Copy Number Burden Observed in a Genome-Wide Study of 17 458 Subjects

Author

Niestroj, Lisa-Marie, Perez-Palma, Eduardo, Howrigan, Daniel P., Zhou, Yadi, Cheng, Feixiong, Saarentaus, Elmo, Nürnberg, Peter, Stevelink, Remi, Daly, Mark J., Palotie, Aarno, Lal, Dennis, Feng, Yen-Chen Anne, Abbott, Liam E., Tashman, Katherine, Cerrato, Felecia, Churchhouse, Claire, Gupta, Namrata, Neale, Benjamin M., Berkovic, Samuel F., Lerche, Holger, Goldstein, David B., Lowenstein, Daniel H., Cavalleri, Gianpiero L., Cossette, Patrick, Cotsapas, Chris, Dixon-Salazar, Tracy, Guerrini, Renzo, Hakonarson, Hakon, Heinzen, Erin L., Helbig, Ingo, Kwan, Patrick, Marson, Anthony G., Petrovski, Slavé, Kamalakaran, Sitharthan, Sisodiya, Sanjay M., Stewart, Randy, Depondt, Chantal, Dlugos, Dennis J., Scheffer, Ingrid E., Striano, Pasquale, Freyer, Catharine, Krause, Roland, May, Patrick, McKenna, Kevin, Regan, Brigid M., Bellows, Susannah T., Leu, Costin, Bennett, Caitlin A., Johns, Esther C., Macdonald, Alexandra, Shilling, Hannah, Burgess, Rosemary, Weckhuysen, Dorien, Bahlo, Melanie, O’Brien, Terence J., Todaro, Marian, Weckhuysen, Sarah, Stamberger, Hannah, De Jonghe, Peter, Andrade, Danielle M., Sadoway, Tara R., Mo, Kelly, Krestel, Heinz, Gallati, Sabina, Papacostas, Savvas S., Kousiappa, Ioanna, Tanteles, George A., Šterbová, Katalin, Vlcková, Markéta, Sedlácková, Lucie, Laššuthová, Petra, Klein, Karl Martin, Rosenow, Felix, Reif, Philipp S., Knake, Susanne, Kunz, Wolfram S., Zsurka, Gábor, Elger, Christian E., Bauer, Jürgen, Rademacher, Michael, Pendziwiat, Manuela, Muhle, Hiltrud, Rademacher, Annika, van Baalen, Andreas, von Spiczak, Sarah, Stephani, Ulrich, Afawi, Zaid, Korczyn, Amos D., Kanaan, Moien, Canavati, Christina, Kurlemann, Gerhard, Müller-Schlüter, Karen, Kluger, Gerhard, Häusler, Martin, Blatt, Ilan, Lemke, Johannes R., Krey, Ilona, Weber, Yvonne G., Wolking, Stefan, Becker, Felicitas, Hengsbach, Christian, Rau, Sarah, Maisch, Ana F., Steinhoff, Bernhard J., Schulze-Bonhage, Andreas, Schubert-Bast, Susanne, Schreiber, Herbert, Borggräfe, Ingo, Schankin, Christoph J., Mayer, Thomas, Korinthenberg, Rudolf, Brockmann, Knut, Dennig, Dieter, Madeleyn, Rene, Kälviäinen, Reetta, Auvinen, Pia, Saarela, Anni, Linnankivi, Tarja, Lehesjoki, Anna-Elina, Rees, Mark I., Chung, Seo-Kyung, Pickrell, William O., Powell, Robert, Schneider, Natascha, Balestrini, Simona, Zagaglia, Sara, Braatz, Vera, Johnson, Michael R., Auce, Pauls, Sills, Graeme J., Baum, Larry W., Sham, Pak C., Cherny, Stacey S., Lui, Colin H. T., Barišic, Nina, Delanty, Norman, Doherty, Colin P., Shukralla, Arif, McCormack, Mark, El-Naggar, Hany, Canafoglia, Laura, Franceschetti, Silvana, Castellotti, Barbara, Granata, Tiziana, Zara, Federico, Iacomino, Michele, Madia, Francesca, Vari, Maria Stella, Mancardi, Maria Margherita, Salpietro, Vincenzo, Bisulli, Francesca, Tinuper, Paolo, Licchetta, Laura, Pippucci, Tommaso, Stipa, Carlotta, Muccioli, Lorenzo, Minardi, Raffaella, Gambardella, Antonio, Labate, Angelo, Annesi, Grazia, Manna, Lorella, Gagliardi, Monica, Parrini, Elena, Mei, Davide, Vetro, Annalisa, Bianchini, Claudia, Montomoli, Martino, Doccini, Viola, Marini, Carla, Suzuki, Toshimitsu, Inoue, Yushi, Yamakawa, Kazuhiro, Tumiene, Birute, Mameniskiene, Ruta, Utkus, Algirdas, Praninskiene, Ruta, Grikiniene, Jurgita, Samaitiene, Ruta, Sadleir, Lynette G., King, Chontelle, Mountier, Emily, Caglayan, S. Hande, Arslan, Mutluay, Yapici, Zuhal, Yis, Uluc, Topaloglu, Pinar, Kara, Bulent, Turkdogan, Dilsad, Gundogdu-Eken, Asli, Bebek, Nerses, Ugur-Iseri, Sibel, Baykan, Betül, Salman, Baris, Haryanyan, Garen, Yücesan, Emrah, Kesim, Yesim, Özkara, Çigdem, Sheidley, Beth R., Shain, Catherine, Poduri, Annapurna, Buono, Russell J, Ferraro, Thomas N, Sperling, Michael R., Lo, Warren, Privitera, Michael, French, Jacqueline A., Schachter, Steven, Kuzniecky, Ruben I., Devinsky, Orrin, Hegde, Manu, Khankhanian, Pouya, Helbig, Katherine L., Ellis, Colin A., Spalletta, Gianfranco, Piras, Fabrizio, Piras, Federica, Gili, Tommaso, Ciullo, Valentina, YÜCESAN, EMRAH, Niestroj L.-M., Perez-Palma E., Howrigan D.P., Zhou Y., Cheng F., Saarentaus E., Nurnberg P., Stevelink R., Daly M.J., Palotie A., Lal D, Epi 25 Collaborative, Bisulli F., Tinuper P., Licchetta L., and Epi25 Collaborative

Subjects
Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, Male, 0301 basic medicine, DNA Copy Number Variations, Disease, Bioinformatics, Genome, 03 medical and health sciences, Epilepsy, 0302 clinical medicine, copy number variation, developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, epilepsy, focal epilepsy, genetic generalized epilepsy, medicine, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Copy-number variation, Generalized epilepsy, DNA Copy Number Variation, Copy number variation, business.industry, Breakpoint, Focal epilepsy, Original Articles, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Genetic generalized epilepsy, 030104 developmental biology, Female, Human medicine, Neurology (clinical), Personalized medicine, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Genome-Wide Association Study, Human
Abstract

Cytogenic testing is routinely applied in most neurological centres for severe paediatric epilepsies. However, which characteristics of copy number variants (CNVs) confer most epilepsy risk and which epilepsy subtypes carry the most CNV burden, have not been explored on a genome-wide scale. Here, we present the largest CNV investigation in epilepsy to date with 10 712 European epilepsy cases and 6746 ancestry-matched controls. Patients with genetic generalized epilepsy, lesional focal epilepsy, non-acquired focal epilepsy, and developmental and epileptic encephalopathy were included. All samples were processed with the same technology and analysis pipeline. All investigated epilepsy types, including lesional focal epilepsy patients, showed an increase in CNV burden in at least one tested category compared to controls. However, we observed striking differences in CNV burden across epilepsy types and investigated CNV categories. Genetic generalized epilepsy patients have the highest CNV burden in all categories tested, followed by developmental and epileptic encephalopathy patients. Both epilepsy types also show association for deletions covering genes intolerant for truncating variants. Genome-wide CNV breakpoint association showed not only significant loci for genetic generalized and developmental and epileptic encephalopathy patients but also for lesional focal epilepsy patients. With a 34-fold risk for developing genetic generalized epilepsy, we show for the first time that the established epilepsy-associated 15q13.3 deletion represents the strongest risk CNV for genetic generalized epilepsy across the whole genome. Using the human interactome, we examined the largest connected component of the genes overlapped by CNVs in the four epilepsy types. We observed that genetic generalized epilepsy and non-acquired focal epilepsy formed disease modules. In summary, we show that in all common epilepsy types, 1.5–3% of patients carry epilepsy-associated CNVs. The characteristics of risk CNVs vary tremendously across and within epilepsy types. Thus, we advocate genome-wide genomic testing to identify all disease-associated types of CNVs.

Published
2020
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48. Additional file 1 of Targeted re-sequencing for early diagnosis of genetic causes of childhood epilepsy: the Italian experience from the ‘beyond epilepsy’ project

Author

Amadori, Elisabetta, Scala, Marcello, Cereda, Giulia Sofia, Vari, Maria Stella, Marchese, Francesca, Pisa, Veronica Di, Mancardi, Maria Margherita, Giacomini, Thea, Siri, Laura, Vercellino, Fabiana, Serino, Domenico, Orsini, Alessandro, Bonuccelli, Alice, Bagnasco, Irene, Papa, Amanda, Minetti, Carlo, Cordelli, Duccio Maria, and Striano, Pasquale

Abstract

Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Full list of the 283 genes included in the ‘Beyond Paediatric Epilepsy Panel’ version used for this study. Abbreviations: MQ, mapping quality score UCSC, University of California Santa Cruz genome browser. Supplementary Table 2. Variants of unknown significance identified in this study. Abbreviations: AD, autosomal dominant; AR, autosomal recessive; CADD, Combined Annotation Dependent Depletion; F, female; HEM, hemizygous; HET, heterozygous; M, male; SIFT, Sorting Intolerant From Tolerant; VUS, variants of unknown significance; XL, X-linked.

Published
2020
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49. AMPA receptor GluA2 subunit defects are a cause of neurodevelopmental disorders

Author

Salpietro, Vincenzo, Dixon, Christine L, Guo, Hui, Bello, Oscar D, Vandrovcova, Jana, Efthymiou, Stephanie, Maroofian, Reza, Heimer, Gali, Burglen, Lydie, Valence, Stephanie, Torti, Erin, Hacke, Moritz, Rankin, Julia, Tariq, Huma, Colin, Estelle, Procaccio, Vincent, Striano, Pasquale, Mankad, Kshitij, Lieb, Andreas, Chen, Sharon, Pisani, Laura, Bettencourt, Conceicao, Männikkö, Roope, Manole, Andreea, Brusco, Alfredo, Grosso, Enrico, Ferrero, Giovanni Battista, Armstrong-Moron, Judith, Gueden, Sophie, Bar-Yosef, Omer, Tzadok, Michal, Monaghan, Kristin G, Santiago-Sim, Teresa, Person, Richard E, Cho, Megan T, Willaert, Rebecca, Yoo, Yongjin, Chae, Jong-Hee, Quan, Yingting, Wu, Huidan, Wang, Tianyun, Bernier, Raphael A, Xia, Kun, Blesson, Alyssa, Jain, Mahim, Motazacker, Mohammad M, Jaeger, Bregje, Schneider, Amy L, Boysen, Katja, Muir, Alison M, Eichler, Evan E., Kullmann, Dimitri M., Houlden, Henry, ANS - Complex Trait Genetics, Neurology, and Paediatric Neurology

Abstract

AMPA receptors (AMPARs) are tetrameric ligand-gated channels made up of combinations of GluA1-4 subunits encoded by GRIA1-4 genes. GluA2 has an especially important role because, following post-transcriptional editing at the Q607 site, it renders heteromultimeric AMPARs Ca2+-impermeable, with a linear relationship between current and trans-membrane voltage. Here, we report heterozygous de novo GRIA2 mutations in 28 unrelated patients with intellectual disability (ID) and neurodevelopmental abnormalities including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), Rett syndrome-like features, and seizures or developmental epileptic encephalopathy (DEE). In functional expression studies, mutations lead to a decrease in agonist-evoked current mediated by mutant subunits compared to wild-type channels. When GluA2 subunits are co-expressed with GluA1, most GRIA2 mutations cause a decreased current amplitude and some also affect voltage rectification. Our results show that de-novo variants in GRIA2 can cause neurodevelopmental disorders, complementing evidence that other genetic causes of ID, ASD and DEE also disrupt glutamatergic synaptic transmission.

Published
2019

50. Genomic and clinical predictors of lacosamide response in refractory epilepsies

Author

Heavin, Sinéad B., McCormack, Mark, Wolking, Stefan, Slattery, Lisa, Walley, Nicole, Avbersek, Andreja, Novy, Jan, Sinha, Saurabh R., Radtke, Rod, Doherty, Colin, Auce, Pauls, Craig, John, Johnson, Michael R., Koeleman, Bobby P. C., Krause, Roland, Kunz, Wolfram S., Marson, Anthony G., O'Brien, Terence J., Sander, Josemir W., Sills, Graeme J., Stefansson, Hreinn, Striano, Pasquale, Zara, Federico, EPIGEN Consortium, EpiPGX Consortium, Depondt, Chantal, Sisodiya, Sanjay, Goldstein, David, Lerche, Holger, Cavalleri, Gianpiero L., Delanty, Norman, EPIGEN Consortium, EpiPGX Consortium, Wellcome Trust, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust- BRC Funding, Commission of the European Communities, and Medical Research Council (MRC)

Subjects
Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Candidate gene, lacosamide, Lacosamide, Neurology [D14] [Human health sciences], Clinical Neurology, Genome-wide association study, lcsh:RC346-429, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Refractory, Internal medicine, Medicine, GWAS, EpiPGX Consortium, Exome, lcsh:Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, 030304 developmental biology, Genetic association, pharmacogenomics, 0303 health sciences, Neurologie [D14] [Sciences de la santé humaine], business.industry, EPIGEN Consortium, Généralités, pharmacoresistance, refractory, 3. Good health, Neurology, Pharmacogenomics, Cohort, Full‐length Original Research, Neurology (clinical), business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, medicine.drug
Abstract

Objective: Clinical and genetic predictors of response to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are largely unknown. We examined predictors of lacosamide response in a real-world clinical setting. Methods: We tested the association of clinical predictors with treatment response using regression modeling in a cohort of people with refractory epilepsy. Genetic assessment for lacosamide response was conducted via genome-wide association studies and exome studies, comprising 281 candidate genes. Results: Most patients (479/483) were treated with LCM in addition to other AEDs. Our results corroborate previous findings that patients with refractory genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE) may respond to treatment with LCM. No clear clinical predictors were identified. We then compared 73 lacosamide responders, defined as those experiencing greater than 75% seizure reduction or seizure freedom, to 495 nonresponders (, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2019

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Books, media, physical & digital resources
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