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For the solar energy industry to increase its competitiveness, there is a global drive to lower the cost of solar-generated electricity. Photovoltaic (PV) module assembly is material-demanding, and the cover glass constitutes a significant proportion of the cost. Currently, 3-mm-thick glass is the predominant cover material for PV modules, accounting for 10%–25% of the total cost. Here, we review the state-of-the-art of cover glasses for PV modules and present our recent results for improvement of the glass. These improvements were demonstrated in terms of mechanical, chemical and optical properties by optimizing the glass composition, including addition of novel dopants, to produce cover glasses that can provide (i) enhanced UV protection of polymeric PV module components, potentially increasing module service lifetimes; (ii) re-emission of a proportion of the absorbed UV photon energy as visible photons capable of being absorbed by the solar cells, thereby increasing PV module efficiencies and (iii) successful laboratory-scale demonstration of proof of concept, with increases of 1%–6% in Isc and 1%–8% in Ipm. Improvements in both chemical and crack resistance of the cover glass were also achieved through modest chemical reformulation, highlighting what may be achievable within existing manufacturing technology constraints. © 2020 The Authors.

Este proyecto tiene como objetivo construir una central eléctrica respetuosa con el medio ambiente, transformando la energía eléctrica e inyectando ésta directamente a la red eléctrica. Esta central eléctrica fotovoltaica o parque solar, será diseñada para una capacidad de producción de 500kW y podrá rendir hasta 588kW de pico. Ya que se pretende obtener el mayor rendimiento posible, se realizará un diseño en las condiciones más óptimas y que, además, será respetuoso con el medio ambiente. Obteniendo así una instalación energéticamente eficiente. La instalación de 500kW evacuará la energía producida a la red por un mismo punto, según se establece en la Instrucción 5/2006 sobre evacuación de energía de instalaciones fotovoltaicas individuales compartiendo infraestructuras de interconexión, con el fin de poder vender íntegramente toda la energía producida y acogerse a las máximas ventajas económicas disponibles para este tipo de instalaciones. Al mismo tiempo esta instalación contribuirá con el objetivo común, conseguir que en el año 2010las fuentes de energía renovable cubran, al menos, el 12% del total de la demanda energética en España, según se establece en la Ley 54/1997, 27 de noviembre y por lo tanto estaremos más cerca de conseguir la sostenibilidad energética.

Thesis (Master)--Izmir Institute of Technology, Industrial Design, Izmir, 2011, Includes bibliographical references (leaves: 118-125), Text in English; Abstract: Turkish and English, xviii, 136 leaves, Today, energy is very important to the development of the countries and most of the energy comes off from fossil fuels, but they are limited and they pollute the environment. Despite the fact that the need for energy is increasing, to stop the pollution and to fulfil the need, new researches have been done. Hence the renewable sources are getting important, new technologies have been improved. Turkey does not have enough fossil fuel reserves, so it is addicted to other countries. Thus, renewable energy is more important to our country. Our country has a very big renewable energy potential. Thus, in this study renewable energy sources (solar, geothermal,etc.) and technologies have been observed and studies have been reviewed. The main goals of the industrial design are making difference, producing effective and aesthetic solutions that are in unison with people and nature. If we consider that design is in relation with industry, and industry is focused and dependent on energy; it is understood that, design and energy concepts are integrated to each other. In such a case, it is not possible to think not considering renewable energy in design process that considers both human and nature factors in manufacturing and usage. Another goal of the industrial design is transfering new technologies into the products, so renewable energy technologies must be transferred into the design process. By considering these, primarily the reasons for the renewable energy need and solar energy & solar technologies have been searched. Then, the solar energy based products have been researched to understand the possibilities. Afterwards, public lighting components are searched, and three concept solar lights; Discrete Illuminator, P-Light, Obliques; are proposed as the components of the design study for public use. Radiation data of İzmir are analysed and energy that light(s) can produce is calculated to understand the feasibility of the designs. Consequently, it is understood that the used technology (flexible cells) is not feasible for real conditions. Furthermore, 'The Obliques' is redesigned, customized for suitable technology (crystalline cells) to make it an improved, a feasible and a new solar product for public lighting.

El presente proyecto tiene por objeto el diseño e implantación de un Parque Fotovoltaico, el cual se ubicará en la parcela 308, en el término municipal de Xerta en la comarca del Baix Ebre y tendrá una superficie de 24.471 m² aproximadamente y orientada al Sur. El Parque Fotovoltaico aprovechara una fuente de energía renovable e inagotable como son los rayos del sol, para producir energía eléctrica. Este estará conectado a la red eléctrica existente y la conexión se realizará en Media Tensión debido a la potencia nominal tan elevada del parque fotovoltaico. La finalidad del parque fotovoltaico es generar el máximo de energía eléctrica con el objetivo de inyectarla a la red eléctrica y maximizar el beneficio económico por su venta, estará regulado en el Real Decreto 1578/2008 en la que se establece las condiciones de explotación para los productores de energía eléctrica en régimen especial. Además se mejorará el sistema eléctrico de distribución, descentralizándose su generación y disminuyendo las pérdidas de transporte, y permitirá la reducción de los gases de efecto invernadero. En el proyecto se realizará un estudio, para determinar la manera de maximizar la superficie que disponemos, con los diferentes tipos de instalaciones que nos ofrece el mercado actual, ya sean, estructura fija, seguidores de un eje acimutal o seguidores de dos ejes. Una vez justificada la solución adoptada, el siguiente paso es realizar es la elección de todos los elementos del generador fotovoltaico, los módulos fotovoltaicos, los inversores y el tipo de estructura. Con los datos obtenidos en sendos estudios, diseñaremos todos los elementos necesarios para poder realizar la puesta en marcha del Parque Fotovoltaico, que abarca la configuración fotovoltaica, la instalación eléctrica tanto en Media Tensión como en Baja Tensión y la línea de evacuación de la instalación. Por último, se realizará un estudio ambiental y económico-social, que garanticen la viabilidad económica y la sostenibilidad del proyecto.

The solar energy industry strives to produce more efficient and yet cost effective solar panels each consisting of an array of photovoltaic (PV) cells. The goal of this study was to enhance the performance of PV cells through increasing the cells' optical efficiency defined as a percentage of surface incident light that reaches the PV material. This was achieved through the reduction of waveguide decoupling loss and Fresnel reflection losses by integrating specific nonimaging micro-optical structures on the top surface of existing PV cells. Due to this integration, optical efficiency and performance were increased through the enhancement of light trapping, light guiding, and in-coupling functionalities. Periodic triangular gratings (PTGs) were designed, nonsequentially modeled, optimized, and fabricated in polydimethylsiloxane as proposed micro-optical structures. Then the performance of PV cells with and without integrated PTGs was evaluated and compared. Initial optical simulation results show that an original PV cell (without PTG) exhibits an average optical efficiency of 32.7% over a range of incident light angles between 15 and 90 deg. Integration of the PTG allows the capture of incoming sunlight by total internal reflection (TIR), whence it is reflected back onto the PV cell for multiple consecutive chances for absorption and PV conversion. Geometry of the PTG was optimized with respect to an angle of light incidence of {15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90} deg. Optical efficiency of the geometrically optimized PTGs was then analyzed under the same set of incident light angles and a maximum optical efficiency of 54.1% was observed for a PV cell with integrated PTG optimized at 90 deg. This is a 53.3% relative improvement in optical performance when compared to an original PV cell. Functional PTG prototypes were then fabricated with optical surface quality (below 10 nm Ra) and integrated with PV cells demonstrating an increase in maximum power by 1.08 mW/cm2 (7.6% improvement in PV performance) and in short circuit current by 2.39 mA/cm 2 (6.4% improvement).

PFC del programa Erasmus elaborat a Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Tarbes Solarcom is a French company that is dedicated to supply, through solar energy, remote telecommunication devices such as repeaters of fiber optics or phone antennas. The project is commissioned by Solarcom for the EPS work team from ENIT, and consists in realize the design of a voltage regulator, based on maximum power point tracking algorithms (MPPT), to control the operating point of the power source formed by an array of photovoltaic panels, thus improving their performance and make effective control over the method and charge status of the battery. First is done a management, is explained in the first chapter, how is managed the different resources during the time to finish the project in the deadline. In the second chapter is made a little State of art to know how is the actual market in this area ant to decide the specifications and price target. To make the design of the device is necessary to model the physical environment in which the voltage regulator work to validate step by step, through simulation, different algorithms and components which will be based regulator. The software chosen to realize the mathematical models of the different physical devices on which operation of voltage regulator depends is MATLAB 2010b, the models were made by modeling and simulation tool SIMULINK. The hardware design of the device is implemented in Solid Works, and in this chapter is explained every component that is inside the device, how it function and why it’s selected. In this chapter is showed all necessary to build it physically. In the software design chapter is explained every function used to make the regulator functional and implemented it in microcontroller, the code is made in C++ language by Code Warrior for Mororolla.