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Background: Sleep and circadian disruption (SCD) is common and severe in the ICU. On the basis of rigorous evidence in non-ICU populations and emerging evidence in ICU populations, SCD is likely to have a profound negative impact on patient outcomes. Thus, it is urgent that we establish research priorities to advance understanding of ICU SCD. Methods: We convened a multidisciplinary group with relevant expertise to participate in an American Thoracic Society Workshop. Workshop objectives included identifying ICU SCD subtopics of interest, key knowledge gaps, and research priorities. Members attended remote sessions from March to November 2021. Recorded presentations were prepared and viewed by members before Workshop sessions. Workshop discussion focused on key gaps and related research priorities. The priorities listed herein were selected on the basis of rank as established by a series of anonymous surveys. Results: We identified the following research priorities: establish an ICU SCD definition, further develop rigorous and feasible ICU SCD measures, test associations between ICU SCD domains and outcomes, promote the inclusion of mechanistic and patient-centered outcomes within large clinical studies, leverage implementation science strategies to maximize intervention fidelity and sustainability, and collaborate among investigators to harmonize methods and promote multisite investigation. Conclusions: ICU SCD is a complex and compelling potential target for improving ICU outcomes. Given the influence on all other research priorities, further development of rigorous, feasible ICU SCD measurement is a key next step in advancing the field.

Importance: For primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), the 2021 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines on statin use (hereafter European-ESC) recommend a new risk model (Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation 2 [European-SCORE2]) as well as new age-specific treatment thresholds (≥7.5% 10-year ASCVD risk if aged 40-49 years and ≥10% if aged 50-69 years).Objective: To compare the clinical performance of the 2021 European-ESC, American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (hereafter US-ACC/AHA), UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (UK-NICE), and 2019 ESC/European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS) guidelines in apparently healthy individuals.Design, Setting, and Participants: This population-based contemporary cohort study included 66 909 individuals from the Copenhagen General Population Study. Participants were aged 40 to 69 years and were free of ASCVD, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and statin use at baseline in 2003 to 2015. Mean follow-up time was 9.2 years. Data were analyzed from November 2021 to April 2022.Exposures: Statin treatment according to guideline criteria.Main Outcomes and Measures: Calibration of risk calculators, statin eligibility, sensitivity, and specificity for ASCVD events according to guideline criteria.Results: During follow-up, a range of 2962 to 4277 nonfatal and fatal ASCVD events was observed, as defined by the 2021 European-SCORE2, US pooled cohort equations (PCE), and UK-QRISK3 models, and 180 fatal ASCVD events were noted as defined by the 2019 European-SCORE1 model. European-SCORE2 was slightly better calibrated with a predicted/observed ASCVD event ratio of 0.8 vs 1.3 for US-PCE, 1.3 for UK-QRISK3, and 5.8 for European-SCORE1. For primary prevention class I recommendations in individuals aged 40 to 69 years, 2862 of 66 909 (4%) qualified for statins according to the 2021 European-ESC guidelines compared with 23 029 (34%) with US-ACC/AHA, 17 659 (26%) with UK-NICE, and 13 496 (20%) with 2019 European-ESC/EAS guidelines, with associated sensitivities for detecting future European-SCORE2-defined ASCVD events of 12%, 60%, 51%, and 36%, respectively. The sensitivity of the European-ESC guidelines was improved considerably by lowering the treatment thresholds, resulting in smaller losses in specificity. To obtain similar clinical performance with the 2021 European-ESC guidelines as in the other guidelines, the threshold with European-SCORE2 should be reduced to 5% overall to match US-ACC/AHA, to 6% to match UK-NICE, and to 7% to match 2019 European-ESC/EAS guidelines.Conclusions and Relevance: Despite an improved European-SCORE2 prediction model, the new treatment thresholds in the 2021 European-ESC guidelines dramatically reduce eligibility for primary prevention with statins in low-risk European countries. Using lower treatment thresholds can improve overall guideline performance.

ObjectiveOnline resources can be a valuable source of information for patients and have been shown to result in more inquiry during medical office visits, following physician medical recommendation more closely, and making self-directed lifestyle changes. The accessibility to these resources is limited by the readability level of the article and the literacy level of the population. Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is estimated to affect between 8 and 12 million people in the United States with greater disease severity among under insured or uninsured populations. As PAD continues to increase in prevalence, it is imperative that patients have access to comprehensible patient-centered health information. This study aims to evaluate the readability of online PAD patient education materials.MethodsThe search engine Google was used to collect the first 25 patient-accessible online articles pertaining to the search term "peripheral artery disease." Articles were then categorized by source type: hospital, professional society, or other. Readability was measured using the following tests: Automated Readability Index, Coleman-Liau Index, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, Gunning Fog, Linsear Write Formula, and the SMOG Index. Statistical analyses were performed using Statistical Analysis Software, with P values less than .05 being statistically significant.ResultsTwenty-five articles were categorized by source and statistically analyzed. The average readability of PAD patient education materials was 10.8 and significantly above the American Medical Association, National Institutes of Health, and US Department of Health and Human Services recommended reading level of sixth grade. Readability scores among source categories were not significantly different.ConclusionsCommonly available online PAD resources are written at a grade level above that currently recommended by medical societies. Hospitals, professional societies, and other stakeholders in PAD patient education should take into consideration the readability of their materials to make medicine more accessible. Readable articles may combat the historic and structural racism often found in our health care system that marginalizes those with lower health literacy. It is imperative to develop patient education at an appropriate level to enrich patient autonomy.

The purpose of this study was to characterize the nondiscrimination and diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) statements found on the websites of general surgery residency programs, as well as to measure programmatic commitment to diversity through their involvement with special interest surgical societies (SISS).The authors evaluated the relationship between DEI statements and SISS participation, and performed a natural language processing analysis of general surgery residency DEI statements.The residency program websites from 319 non-military general surgery residency programs within the United States were analyzed.This study evaluated the DEI statement and SISS participation in general surgery residency programs.Of the 319 general surgery residency websites reviewed, 127 (39.8%) featured an identifiable statement of nondiscrimination or commitment to diversity. Compared to programs without diversity statements, programs with statements were more likely to be involved with special interest surgical societies (53.5% vs 30.7%, p0.001). Natural language processing analysis revealed that the diversity statements of programs with SISS involvement had higher word counts (p = 0.001), higher clout scores (measure of confidence conveyed, p = 0.001), and higher positive tone scores (p = 0.006) compared with the statements of those without special interest society involvement.In the era of virtual interviewing, applicants are forced to rely heavily on surgery residency websites as their main source of information. Less than 40% of programs participating in the Match in 2022 feature diversity statements on their websites. Programs with some degree of involvement with special interest societies were more likely to have statements that score higher in confidence and positivity in natural language processing analysis, which may potentially reflect a more earnest commitment to diversity, equity, and inclusion. Residency programs should continue to improve the visibility of their DEI efforts to recruit a diverse resident class.

BACKGROUND: The Early-Career Community (ECC) comprises researchers, practitioners, and professionals in their “early-career” stages in the Human Factors/Ergonomics (HFE) profession. Early-career HFE professionals are essential to both current industry decision making and future growth of our profession. OBJECTIVE: This paper provides detailed insights into the barriers and suggestions to support engagement with ECC within the International Ergonomics Association (IEA) and its Federated Societies. METHODS: This report integrates key findings from the formal and informal discussions that occurred with diverse groups of stakeholders (n > 100) at IEA2015, IEA2018 and IEA2021 guided by the participatory inquiry paradigm, cooperative action-inquiry and participatory ergonomics approaches. RESULTS: Barriers to support ECC include: a lack of employment opportunities, poor general awareness and integration of HFE in existing university-courses, financial constraints, inclusivity challenges and a lack of Influence in decision-making. While some of the more systemic challenges are context-specific and cannot be overcome, ECCs suggested that: the IEA and its Federated Societies include ECC members as part of their boards; a Standing Committee for the ECCs be established as part of the IEA; make use of social-media more effectively to engage the ECC. More mentorship, networking, knowledge sharing, training and education, combined with financial-support will ensure that the ECC can participate. CONCLUSION: ECC members experience complex and dynamic challenges that affect their development and involvement in the broader HFE profession. It is therefore critical that appropriate, global, national and local strategies are developed to continue to support and develop the ECC to ensure the continued growth of and demand for HFE.

This focused revision builds on the expert opinions from the original publications of 'Recommendations for human standardized pedigree nomenclature' published in 1995 and updated in 2008. Our review of medical publications since 2008 did not identify any fundamental systematic alternative pedigree nomenclature. These findings attest to the relevance of most of the nomenclature with the critical exception of the nomenclature used to denote sex assigned at birth and gender. While we are not recommending the creation of any new pedigree symbols, a major focus of this publication is clarification of the use of symbols and language in the description of the distinction between sex and gender, with a view to ensuring safe and inclusive practice for people who are gender-diverse or transgender. In addition, we recommend modifications to the way that carrier status is depicted. Our goal is to respect individual differences and identities while maintaining biologically, clinically, and genetically meaningful information.

During the gradual massification and incorporation of multiple information and communication technologies into people’s daily lives, the labor sector has been no exception. Since, with the disruptive adoption of teleworking across the board at public and private levels, this is seen as a shocking measure to combat the economic ravages of COVID-19. It imprints particular circumstances concerning the elements that strengthen the behaviors of disciplining, subjugation and domination; from the digital tools on the so-called teleworkers today. Being the central theme of this research article. This article aims to evaluate the role of teleworking in today’s societies of control, starting from Foucault’s disciplinary societies, then involving Deleuze’s societies of control, and finally contrasting it with Byung-Chul Han’s Big Data. The analysis is developed from texts and articles that study telework, disciplinary societies, and societies of control in the postmodern era in depth. These themes are worked on by authors from the sciences of law, sociology, and philosophy, who have managed to catalyze their knowledge and efforts to give shape to this new phenomenon. Durante la paulatina masificación e incorporación de las múltiples tecnologías de la información y la comunicación a la vida cotidiana de las personas, el sector laboral no ha sido la excepción. Puesto que, con la disruptiva adopción del teletrabajo de manera generalizada en los niveles públicos y privados, esto visto como una medida de choque para combatir los estragos económicos derivados del COVID-19. Imprime circunstancias particulares respecto a los elementos que fortalecen las conductas de disciplinamiento, sometimiento y dominación; a partir de las herramientas digitales sobre los hoy denominados teletrabajadores. Siendo el tema central de este artículo de investigación. El objetivo de este artículo es evaluar el rol del teletrabajo en las hoy por hoy sociedades de control, partiendo desde las sociedades disciplinarias de Foucault, para luego involucrar las sociedades de control de Deleuze y finalmente contrastarlo con el Big Data de Byung-Chul Han. El análisis está desarrollado a partir de textos y artículos que profundizan el estudio del teletrabajo, las sociedades disciplinarias y las sociedades de control de la era posmoderna, temáticas trabajadas desde las ciencias del derecho, sociología y filosofía, que han logrado catalizar sus conocimientos y esfuerzos para dar forma a este nuevo fenómeno.

RESUMO Introdução: Com o crescimento exponencial da internet, observou-se o grande potencial da rede como ferramenta eficaz no provimento de informações e acesso difundido. Desenvolver portais que respondam as necessidades informacionais de seus associados e usuários configuram uma preocupação das sociedades de classe. O objetivo deste estudo foi reavaliar a estrutura do portal da SBCP, além da necessidade de implementação de uma nova dinâmica de interação de seus associados e usuários. Método: Realizou-se pesquisa qualitativa com seus associados e formadores de opinião previamente selecionados. Resultados: As considerações mais frequentes foram: aporte de melhor conteúdo científico, necessidade de atualização do portal, divulgação de pesquisas, acesso a periódicos e instrumento de treinamento e/ou aperfeiçoamento. Conclusão: Essa pesquisa possibilitou a modernização do portal da SBCP, além de definir diretrizes de sua presença contínua nas redes sociais. ABSTRACT Introduction: The exponential growth of the Internet has revealed its great potential as an effective tool for providers to access information. The development of websites that meet associates’ and other users’ needs to be informed is a concern of professional associations. This study aimed to assess the structure of the SBCP website and the need to implement a new dynamic interaction between associates and other users. Method: A qualitative study was conducted by surveying previously selected associates and opinion makers. Results: The most common considerations were as follows: (1) the need to improve scientific content, (2) update the website, (3) disseminate research, (4) access journals, and (5) training and/or development of tools. Conclusion: This study promoted the modernization of the SBCP website and defined guidelines for its ongoing presence in social networks.

The 2nd CASMS conference was held virtually through Gather. Town platform from October 17 to 21, 2022, with a total of 363 registrants including an outstanding and diverse group of scientists at the forefront of their research fields from both academia and industry worldwide, especially in the United States and China. The conference offered a 5-day agenda with an exciting scientific program consisting of two plenary lectures, 14 parallel symposia, and 4 special sessions in which a total of 97 invited speakers presented technological innovations and their applications in proteomics & biological mass spectrometry and metabo-lipidomics & pharmaceutical mass spectrometry. In addition, 18 invited speakers/panelists presented at 3 research-focused and 2 career development workshops. Moreover, 144 posters, 54 lightning talks, 5 sponsored workshops, and 14 exhibitions were presented, from which 20 posters and 8 lightning talks received presentation awards. Furthermore, the conference featured 1 MCP lectureship and 5 young investigator awardees for the first time to highlight outstanding mid-career and early-career rising stars in mass spectrometry from our society. The conference provided a unique scientific platform for young scientists (i.e., graduate students, postdocs and junior faculty/investigators) to present their research, meet with prominent scientists, and learn about career development and job opportunities (http://casms.org).

This is an account that should be heard of an important struggle: the struggle of a large group of experts who came together at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic to warn the world about the risk of airborne transmission and the consequences of ignoring it. We alerted the World Health Organization about the potential significance of the airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and the urgent need to control it, but our concerns were dismissed. Here we describe how this happened and the consequences. We hope that by reporting this story we can raise awareness of the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and the need to be open to new evidence, and to prevent it from happening again. Acknowledgement of an issue, and the emergence of new evidence related to it, is the first necessary step towards finding effective mitigation solutions.

Current American Thoracic Society (ATS) standards promote the use of race and ethnicity-specific reference equations for pulmonary function test (PFT) interpretation. There is rising concern that the use of race and ethnicity in PFT interpretation contributes to a false view of fixed differences between races and may mask the effects of differential exposures. This use of race and ethnicity may contribute to health disparities by norming differences in pulmonary function. In the United States and globally, race serves as a social construct that is based on appearance and reflects social values, structures, and practices. Classification of people into racial and ethnic groups differs geographically and temporally. These considerations challenge the notion that racial and ethnic categories have biological meaning and question the use of race in PFT interpretation. The ATS convened a diverse group of clinicians and investigators for a workshop in 2021 to evaluate the use of race and ethnicity in PFT interpretation. Review of evidence published since then that challenges current practice and continued discussion concluded with a recommendation to replace race and ethnicity-specific equations with race-neutral average reference equations, which must be accompanied with a broader re-evaluation of how PFTs are used to make clinical, employment, and insurance decisions. There was also a call to engage key stakeholders not represented in this workshop and a statement of caution regarding the uncertain effects and potential harms of this change. Other recommendations include continued research and education to understand the impact of the change, to improve the evidence for the use of PFTs in general, and to identify modifiable risk factors for reduced pulmonary function.

Recommendations represent the core messages of guidelines, and are particularly important when the body of scientific evidence is rapidly growing, as in the case of heart failure (HF). The main messages from two latest major HF guidelines, endorsed by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association/Heart Failure Society of America (ACC/AHA/HFSA), are partially overlapping, starting from the four pillars of treatment for HF with reduced ejection fraction. Some notable differences exist, in part related to the timing of recent publications (most notably, the Universal Definition of HF paper and the EMPEROR-Preserved trial), and in part reflecting differing views of the natural history of HF (with a clear differentiation between stages A and B HF in the ACC/AHA/HFSA guidelines). Different approaches are proposed to specific issues such as risk stratification and implantable cardioverter defibrillator use for primary prevention in HFrEF patients with non-ischaemic aetiology. The ACC/AHA/HFSA guidelines put a greater emphasis on some issues that are particularly relevant to the US setting, such as the cost-effectiveness of therapies and the impact of health disparities on HF care. A comparison between guideline recommendations may give readers a deeper understanding of the ESC and ACC/AHA/HFSA guidelines, and help them apply sensible approaches to their own practice, wherever that may be in the world. A comparison may possibly also help further harmonization of recommendations between future guidelines, by identifying why some areas have led to conflicting recommendation, even when ostensibly reviewing the same published evidence.

BACKGROUND: The right to fully enjoy the highest possible state of health is certainly nothing new in the agenda of the world’s governments, and yet today it becomes a top priority not just in the restructuring of the health care system, but also in the promotion of multi-sector policies aimed at fostering and safeguarding the potential of every individual to achieve what could be defined, in general terms, as “common good”. OBJECTIVE: The current paper aimed at singling out the most useful strategies to promoting and achieving a healthy, more resilient and fairer society. METHODS : Starting from principles 1 and 14 of the Declaration of Rome, the aim was to analyse and develop the concepts of resilience and health, questioning their possible future variations against the background of the current health emergency and the increasingly radical widespread use of new technologies as universally-applied and cross-sectional tools for human progress. RESULTS: The “health for all” objective can only be achieved if we act on three key aspects: 1. Adding life to years; 2. Adding life to life; 3. Adding years to life. CONCLUSIONS: Each individual should raise their health awareness as a key resource to leading a fulfilling existence and to developing the required qualities to fully tap into health possibilities – whether integral or residual – to tackle life.

We present evidence that people in small-scale mobile hunter-gatherer societies cooperated in large numbers to produce collective goods. Foragers engaged in large-scale communal hunts and constructed shared capital facilities; they made shared investments in improving the local environment; and they participated in warfare, formed enduring alliances, and established trading networks. Large-scale collective action often played a crucial role in subsistence. The provision of public goods involved the cooperation of many individuals, so each person made only a small contribution. This evidence suggests that large-scale cooperation occurred in the Pleistocene societies that encompass most of human evolutionary history, and therefore it is unlikely that large-scale cooperation in Holocene food producing societies results from an evolved psychology shaped only in small-group interactions. Instead, large-scale human cooperation needs to be explained as an adaptation, likely rooted in distinctive features of human biology, grammatical language, increased cognitive ability, and cumulative cultural adaptation.

Climate change poses serious threats to public health and is exacerbating health inequities. Policy changes are essential to mitigate climate change impacts on human and planetary health. The purpose was to describe recommendations by the Policy and Advocacy Subgroup of the Society of Behavioral Medicine (SBM) Climate Change, Behavior Change and Health Presidential Working Group (PWG). The Policy and Advocacy subgroup was comprised of experts in public health, climate policy, and health behavior change, who worked together to identify priorities and develop recommendations. We worked under the premise that building political will for climate policy action is the most urgent goal, and we recommended promotion of citizen advocacy for this purpose. Because citizen advocacy is a set of behaviors, SBM members can use behavioral science to identify and scale up interventions, working collaboratively with communities targeted for marginalization. Recommendations for SBM included establishing an organizational home for climate and health work, providing training and resources, engaging in climate advocacy as an organization, and networking with other organizations. Recommendations for a proposed SBM Climate and Health Committee, Council, or Special Interest Group included developing trainings and resources, seeking opportunities for networking and collaborations, and identifying a research agenda. Individual behavior changes are insufficient to address climate change; policy actions are needed. SBM and similar organizations can support their members to work in developing, evaluating, and scaling up advocacy interventions for action on climate policy to magnify the power of the health and medical sectors to protect planetary and human health.

Resumen Este artículo busca presentar una invención literaria, la narración de una experiencia imaginada que toma como base al recientemente desaparecido neurocientífico chileno Humberto Maturana. "Maturana", organismo y por tanto autopoiesis, abre los ojos, los oídos, despliega su tacto en una montaña oscura boscosa, en la sensibilidad de su experimentar se va acoplando, y va construyendo "dominios de realidad" en los que va traduciendo su corporeidad, su acoplaje al mundo. "Maturana" a la deriva se ha ensamblado progresivamente desde la montaña hasta descender a la ciudad, donde la reflexión de la sociedad no será ajena a entender la organización social del organismo humano. "Maturana" a la deriva conecta lo biológico y lo social. Resumo Este artigo procura apresentar uma invenção literária, a narração de uma experiência imaginada que toma como base ao recentemente desaparecido neurocientífico chileno Humberto Maturana. "Maturana", organismo e por tanto autopoiese, abre os olhos, os ouvidos, desdobra seu tacto em uma montanha escura florestada, na sensibilidade de seu experimentar vai se acoplando, e vai construindo "domínios de realidade" nos que vai traduzindo sua corporeidade, sua acoplagem ao mundo. "Maturana" à deriva se tem ensamblado progressivamente desde a montanha até descer à cidade, onde a reflexão da sociedade não será alheia a entender a organização social do organismo humano. "Maturana" à deriva conecta o biológico e o social. Abstract This article seeks to present a literary invention. The narration of an imagined experience based on the recently deceased Chilean neuroscientist Humberto Maturana. "Maturana", an organism and therefore, autopoiesis, opens its eyes, ears, unfolds its touch in a dark wooded mountain. In the sensitivity of its experience it settles in and builds "domains of reality" in which it translates its corporeity, its coupling to the world. "Maturana" adrift has progressively assembled from the mountain down to the city, where society's reflection will not be external to the understanding of the human organism's social organization. "Maturana" adrift connects the biological and the social.

Profound inequities in maternal and infant outcomes based on race exist, and the maternal-fetal medicine community has an important role in eliminating these disparities. Accurately employing race and ethnicity as social constructs within research that guides clinical practice is essential to achieving health equity. We must abandon commonly propagated myths that race is a surrogate for genetics or economic status and that data are exempt from potential bias. These myths can lead to harmful misconceptions that exacerbate racial disparities in maternal and infant health outcomes. Further, these myths obscure racism as the true underlying etiology of racial disparities. Understanding that race is a social construct and utilizing an anti-racist approach to research are essential in combatting racism and eliminating unacceptable disparities in maternal and infant health. This document provides specific suggestions to approach the research process with an anti-racist framework.

Este artículo se propone estudiar las relaciones entre el deporte y la naturaleza humana. Realiza un breve resumen histórico de la importancia del deporte en la historia de la humanidad, para analizar luego sus alcances en la sociedad moderna. This article aims to study the relationships between sport and human nature. It makes a brief historical summary of the importance of sport in the history of humanity, to analyze its achievements in modern society.

Holocene climate in the high tropical Andes was characterized by both gradual and abrupt changes, which disrupted the hydrological cycle and impacted landscapes and societies. High-resolution paleoenvironmental records are essential to contextualize archaeological data and to evaluate the sociopolitical response of ancient societies to environmental variability. Middle-to-Late Holocene water levels in Lake Titicaca were reevaluated through a transfer function model based on measurements of organic carbon stable isotopes, combined with high-resolution profiles of other geochemical variables and paleoshoreline indicators. Our reconstruction indicates that following a prolonged low stand during the Middle Holocene (4000 to 2400 BCE), lake level rose rapidly ~15 m by 1800 BCE, and then increased another 3 to 6 m in a series of steps, attaining the highest values after ~1600 CE. The largest lake-level increases coincided with major sociopolitical changes reported by archaeologists. In particular, at the end of the Formative Period (500 CE), a major lake-level rise inundated large shoreline areas and forced populations to migrate to higher elevation, likely contributing to the emergence of the Tiwanaku culture., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 120 (2), ISSN:0027-8424, ISSN:1091-6490

Objective: To analyze the contributions of the Brazilian Nursing Association and the Federal and Regional Nursing Councils in the literature for the professionalization of nursing in the light of Eliot Freidson’s theoretical conceptions. Methods: Integrative review of the literature, of socio-professional historical interest, carried out from June to November 2021, through the question: How did professional associations contribute to the professionalization of Brazilian nursing according to the literature from 2010 to 2020? The evidence were organized in a synoptic table, which allowed the construction of a conceptual map. Results: In the 23 selected studies, the professional associations presented scientific, social and political contributions, which shape the professional field of nursing, enabling knowledge/expertise, autonomy and self-regulation. Final considerations: The efforts of these institutions reaffirm nursing as an academic and consulting profession, capable of exerting control over the essence of nursing work. They strive to consolidate nursing as a legitimate professional field of health in Brazil.

El ejercicio de la comunicación pública tiene hoy un amplio escenario en los entornos empresariales. No es exclusivo de las instituciones de carácter público ni tampoco se restringe a las compañías que brindan productos o servicios de consumo masivo. ¿La razón? En el mundo actual, las narrativas de las empresas y marcas alcanzan mayores audiencias que solo aquellas personas que se relacionan de forma directa con el objeto del negocio, lo cual exige que se piense desde el lugar y los propósitos de la comunicación pública para gestionar la reputación, como centro de la sostenibilidad de las empresas. Este artículo pone en relación los conceptos de comunicación pública, comunicación corporativa tradicional y una comunicación corporativa integral y, a través de entrevistas, expone visiones y experiencias sobre cómo se viven estas dinámicas comunicativas hoy., The public communication today has a wide scene in business environments. It is not exclusive to public institutions, nor is it restricted to companies that provide products or services for mass consumption. Why? Because today's world, the companies and brand´s narratives reach larger audiences than just those people who are directly related to the focus of the business, which requires thinking from the place and the purposes of public communication to manage reputation, as the center of corporate sustainability. This article relates the concepts of public communication, traditional corporate communication, and comprehensive corporate communication and, through interviews, presents experiences and visions of how these communication dynamics are lived today.

Las representaciones sociales hacia la comunidad gay, lésbica, bisexual, transgénero, intersexual, queer, se enmarcan en un contexto social influenciado por la crianza y el imaginario social, estas ideas elaboradas colectiva y generacionalmente han afectado el derecho a la felicidad de los grupos LGTBI+, de manera que el objetivo principal del estudio fue develar cuáles son estas representaciones sociales en una zona rural de Palmar de Varela/Atlántico-Colombia, y como afectan su derecho a la felicidad. Se planteó y utilizó la metodología cualitativa con el fin de interpretar los procesos sociales, a través de los resultados obtenidos por la entrevista abierta y a profundidad aplicada de manera virtual a 12 participantes, donde se evidencio discriminación, opiniones negativas, poca interacción social con las personas pertenecientes al colectivo, falta de aceptación, carencia de igualdad y poco respeto por su derecho a una vida plena y feliz. Basando sus opiniones principalmente en las creencias inculcadas de generación en generación. Social representations toward the gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, intersex, queer community are framed in a social context influenced by upbringing and social imaginary. Given that these collectively and generationally elaborated ideas have affected the right to happiness of LGTBI+ groups, the main objective of this study was to reveal what these social representations are in a rural area of Palmar de Varela/Atlántico-Colombia, and how they have affected the right to happiness of these groups. Qualitative methodology applied to results obtained by open and in-depth interviews applied virtually to 12 participants was used to interpret social processes. Our analysis showed evidence of discrimination, negative opinions, little social interaction with people belonging to the group, lack of acceptance, lack of equality and little respect for the right to a full and happy life. The participants based their opinions primarily on beliefs instilled from generation to generation.

ObjectiveTo develop and validate revised classification criteria for granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA).MethodsPatients with vasculitis or comparator diseases were recruited into an international cohort. The study proceeded in five phases: (1) identification of candidate criteria items using consensus methodology, (2) prospective collection of candidate items present at the time of diagnosis, (3) data-driven reduction of the number of candidate items, (4) expert panel review of cases to define the reference diagnosis and (5) derivation of a points-based risk score for disease classification in a development set using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator logistic regression, with subsequent validation of performance characteristics in an independent set of cases and comparators.ResultsThe development set for GPA consisted of 578 cases of GPA and 652 comparators. The validation set consisted of an additional 146 cases of GPA and 161 comparators. From 91 candidate items, regression analysis identified 26 items for GPA, 10 of which were retained. The final criteria and their weights were as follows: bloody nasal discharge, nasal crusting or sino-nasal congestion (+3); cartilaginous involvement (+2); conductive or sensorineural hearing loss (+1); cytoplasmic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) or anti-proteinase 3 ANCA positivity (+5); pulmonary nodules, mass or cavitation on chest imaging (+2); granuloma or giant cells on biopsy (+2); inflammation or consolidation of the nasal/paranasal sinuses on imaging (+1); pauci-immune glomerulonephritis (+1); perinuclear ANCA or antimyeloperoxidase ANCA positivity (−1); and eosinophil count ≥1×109 /L (−4). After excluding mimics of vasculitis, a patient with a diagnosis of small- or medium-vessel vasculitis could be classified as having GPA if the cumulative score was ≥5 points. When these criteria were tested in the validation data set, the sensitivity was 93% (95% CI 87% to 96%) and the specificity was 94% (95% CI 89% to 97%).ConclusionThe 2022 American College of Rheumatology/European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology classification criteria for GPA demonstrate strong performance characteristics and are validated for use in research.

Adolescent violence is a considerable burden for society worldwide. The economic toll of adolescent violence is high (Institute for Economics & Peace, 2014), and violence-related injuries are a major cause of early death and disability among young people (Gore et al., 2011). The level of adolescent violence in a society varies considerably over time and in different cultural contexts. Violence levels are lower in the Nordic countries compared to many other similar countries around the globe (Tonry, 2014). Yet, violence is still one of the most prevalent types of crime among young people, particularly among boys (Statistics Norway, 2020). Youth violence also receives a great deal of media attention, and when crime rates are on the rise, we often hear voices arguing for »getting tougher on crime« and stricter sentencing (Estrada, 2019). One of the main aims of my PhD thesis (Frøyland, 2020) was to investigate how and why the societal level of adolescent violence changes over time.

Contemporary organizations and societies have witnessed a return of ethical issues for several decades – with the ecological issue occupying center stage among its many contributing factors. In fact, the current Anthropocene era requires urgent ethics-based appropriate action. In this article, after recalling the meaning of ethics, we discuss how ethics is associated with many capacities, and how an ethics of finitude can aid organizations and societies put into practice a true sustainable development, which is now indispensable for our collective survival. From this ethical perspective, we invite individuals, citizens, organizations, societies, and the world to enact social radical change 1 Resumo No mundo das organizações e das sociedades contemporâneas, assistimos, há várias décadas, a um retorno das questões morais. Dentre os inúmeros fatores que têm contribuído para isso, a questão ecológica ocupa, cada vez mais, um papel central. A era do antropoceno, na qual entramos, exige, um agir urgente a partir de uma ética de ação apropriada. No presente artigo, após retomarmos as origens do conceito de ética, mostraremos ela é sinônimo de numerosas capacidades e como podemos colocá-las em prática no seio de nossas organizações e das nossas sociedades a serviço de um desenvolvimento sustentável, indispensável, doravante, à sobrevivência coletiva. Portanto, convidamos, simultaneamente, os indivíduos, as organizações e as sociedades do mundo para uma mudança radical.

BACKGROUND: The American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) recommended in May 2019 that patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV)...

ispartof: BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL THERAPY vol:26 issue:1 ispartof: location:Brazil status: accepted

The study of the activities of non-state societies and unions as institutions of the political system of the Russian Empire in the late 19th – early 20th centuries is important in modern conditions, as it allows to use the accumulated experience in this sphere. The article devotes particular attention to the analysis of the Provisional Rules on Societies and Unions, adopted on 4 March 1906, and the resolutions of the Provisional Government, and considers the draft Societies and Unions Act submitted by the deputies of the Cadet and Social Democratic factions for consideration by the State Duma of the first, second and fourth convocations. The purpose is to study the political system of the society in order to study the factors negatively influencing its state, on the example of the activity of non-state societies and unions as institutions of the political system of the Russian Empire in the late 19th – early 20th centuries. The authors use logical, historical-comparative, historical-legal, systemic methods. Results: several important patterns of the development of the national political system are identified in the late 19th – early 20th centuries. It is noted that the legal institution of public associations was enshrined in the legislation of the Russian Empire on the basis of democratic principles and was further developed under the influence of historical events of the studied period.

International audience; There is currently no consensus regarding preferred clinical outcome measures following image-guided tumor ablation or clear definitions of oncologic end points. This consensus document proposes standardized definitions for a broad range of oncologic outcome measures with recommendations on how to uniformly document, analyze, and report outcomes. The initiative was coordinated by the Society of Interventional Oncology in collaboration with the Definition for the Assessment of Time-to-Event End Points in Cancer Trials, or DATECAN, group. According to predefined criteria, based on experience with clinical trials, an international panel of 62 experts convened. Recommendations were developed using the validated three-step modified Delphi consensus method. Consensus was reached on when to assess outcomes per patient, per session, or per tumor; on starting and ending time and survival time definitions; and on time-to-event end points. Although no consensus was reached on the preferred classification system to report complications, quality of life, and health economics issues, the panel did agree on using the most recent version of a validated patient-reported outcome questionnaire. This article provides a framework of key opinion leader recommendations with the intent to facilitate a clear interpretation of results and standardize worldwide communication. Widespread adoption will improve reproducibility, allow for accurate comparisons, and avoid misinterpretations in the field of interventional oncology research. Published under a CC BY 4.0 license. Online supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Liddell in this issue.

Objective: The use of media campaigns in health promotion has become more common in recent years. #HoldthatSmile is a British Orthodontic Society life-long retention awareness campaign aimed at the general public and dental profession launched in 2017. This study investigated #HoldthatSmile exposure on social media platforms over a 12-month period following campaign launch. Design: A cross-sectional content analysis. Setting: Public-facing, English-language posts tagged #HoldthatSmile on the Facebook, Instagram and Twitter social media platforms. Methods: Data were collected relating to a 12-month period, from September 2017 immediately following campaign launch, to the end of September 2018. The primary outcome was exposure to the #HoldthatSmile campaign on the different platforms through analysis of posts, measurement of audience reached and engagement. Secondary outcomes included demographics of user-types and content analysis of reactive comments on posts. Results: A total of 205 relevant posts with #HoldthatSmile were identified on Twitter (n=90, 43.9%), Facebook (n=64, 31.2%) and Instagram (n=51, 24.9%) with an overall calculated audience reach of 108,807 individuals. There were 1849 reactions across the three platforms. The percentage of reactions that generated comments was low at 3%, 6.1% and 5.7% for Twitter, Facebook and Instagram, respectively. Just over three-quarters of users were either Dental Surgeries (53%) or Professional Dental Bodies (28%) and the vast majority were from the United Kingdom. Overall, most comments were positive (46%, n=36) or neutral (44%, n=35) with only 10% (n=8) negative. The overriding theme was a person’s name, with the user commonly typing a friend’s name in order to bring their attention to the post. Conclusion: There were a relatively low number of posts relevant to #HoldthatSmile on Twitter, Facebook and Instagram over the campaign’s first 12 months. However, the majority of these did convey positive or neutral messages.

Background The interest in and demand for healthcare innovation has heightened amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Organizations are challenged to balance the goals of daily operations with innovation to stay relevant and compete in the marketplace. Innovation is critical for not only the success and sustainability of organizations, but the well-being of the faculty, staff, and clients they serve. Purpose In this article, we present an overview of several Nursing Innovation Centers in the United States as well as examples of colleges without formal innovation centers but who are addressing innovation in their programs. Methods We examined the subjective experience of nursing innovation in seven colleges of nursing using semi-structured intervieweds and thematic analysis. FIndings We discuss four themes for creating an innovation center or innovation focus and six themes important for sustainability and impact. In addition, we provide a working model for these themes and provide lessons learned along with trends and recommendations for the future. Discussion This information provides guidance and a framework for academic and practice organizations aspiring to create opportunities for innovation to flourish in their institutions. We also encourage leadership to critically evaluate and address biases in faculty hiring, research evaluation, publication practices, educational opportunities and mentoring to overcome the diversity innovation paradox.

The development of new technologies is considered a revolution because it has interconnected micro and macro cultures, has influenced socio-economic developments, and is gradually transferring our social life to the virtual one. Today, life without information technology is unimaginable and every communication is done through new technologies. On the other hand, the privacy and misuse of personal data are directly endangering personal freedom. The Balkan countries are as well part of this technological development but are also heavily challenged by different unidentified risks. Kosovo has a young population and is considered to have the youngest population in Europe. About 96.4% of households have access to the internet. This paper aims to analyze the development of new technologies in societies in transition, especially in Kosovo, the challenges, the issue of privacy, and the future of information technology. The methodology applied within this paper is the study of literature and the development of qualitative research. The findings demonstrate that Kosovo has quickly embraced information technology, digitized its public services, and installed some of the region's most cutting-edge technologies, such as 3D printers, but it is also highly vulnerable to cyber-attacks.

Introduction A recurrent challenge facing respiratory therapists (RTs) is their legitimacy as professionals. RTs are often referred to as technologists, vocationalists, or technicians and must often justify their status as full professionals rather than "professional technicians". There is currently little exploration of what it means to be a profession and the process of professionalization in respiratory therapy. Approach Drawing from sociological theory, the purpose of this paper is to discuss the professionalization of respiratory therapy in Canada using Andrew Abbott's theory, the "system of professions". We will use this theory as a lens to propose areas of consideration for professional development regarding two pervasive themes in the respiratory therapy community, RTs' specialized body of knowledge and professional autonomy. Findings Abstract knowledge is believed to be essential in the evolution from occupation to profession and is valuable to a profession in three ways: it can influence the profession's legitimacy, it can be used for conducting research, and it promotes higher education. RTs possess jurisdictional professional autonomy within Canada. The privilege of self-regulation allows RTs to act according to their knowledge and judgement without direct oversight from other professions. Conclusion Based on Abbott's theoretical position, RTs can rightly justify their position as professionals. However, RTs need to acknowledge that professionalization is a dynamic and continuous process that requires creative changes to innovate within the profession and support future efforts to reinforce their position as professionals. Throughout this paper, we offer suggestions for how RTs can contribute to the ongoing professionalization of respiratory therapy.

Despite good faith attempts by countless citizens, civil society, governments, and the international community, living in a sustainably peaceful community continues to be an elusive dream in much of our world. Among the challenges to sustaining peace is the fact that few scholars have studied enduringly peaceful societies, or have examined only narrow aspects of them, leaving our understanding of the necessary conditions, processes and policies fragmented, and deficient. This article provides a work-in-progress overview of a multidisciplinary, multimethod initiative, which aims to provide a holistic, evidence-based understanding of how peace can be sustained in societies. The Sustaining Peace Project, launched in 2014, uses complexity science as an integrative platform for synthesizing knowledge across disciplines, sectors and communities. This article introduces the multiple components of the project and shares preliminary findings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

As of August 2021, there were three COVID-19 vaccines available in the United States for the prevention of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). The purpose of this narrative review is to examine the early experience from the Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) of BNT162b2 (Pfizer, Inc./BioNTech), mRNA-1273 (Moderna, Inc.), and Ad26.COV2.S (Johnson and Johnson/Janssen Global Services, LLC) through July 2021. The EUA data from the clinical trials have largely been corroborated by real-world effectiveness investigations post-authorization. These studies indicate that immunity is obtained within 2weeks post-vaccination and may endure for 6months. The immunity conferred by the vaccines may also be effective against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Additionally, populations not included in the emergency use authorization studies may also benefit from vaccination. This look back at the initial clinical experience can be used by the global community to inform and develop COVID-19 vaccine programs.

El objetivo del presente trabajo es mostrar el concepto de enajenación en la obra de Herbert Marcuse. El ser humano que produce y consume, señalamiento de los verdaderos problemas que enmarcaron los contextos histórico y sociopolítico en los que Marcuse vivió y que hoy en día siguen vigentes. Al respecto, la postura teórica de la enajenación en el hombre unidimensional como producto de la sociedad posmoderna se fundamenta en los postulados de su predecesor, Karl Marx. El diseño de la investigación es de carácter documental descriptivo puntualizando en las obras de lo autores.

Cosmetic dermatology is a key subspecialty of academic dermatology. As such, academic centers are expected to demonstrate excellence in the teaching of cosmetic dermatology skills to trainees, the clinical delivery of cosmetic dermatology services to patients, and the performance of clinical research that advances knowledge and uncovers new therapies in cosmetic dermatology. The Association of Academic Cosmetic Dermatology (AACD), a newly formed medical professional society, includes as its principal aims the support of all of these areas. AACD is comprised of group of board-certified dermatologists who teach cosmetic and laser dermatology at US dermatology residency programs. An expert panel constituted by the AACD recently convened a workshop to review gaps pertaining to academic cosmetic dermatology. This panel considered needs and potential corrective initiatives in three domains: resident education, patient experience, and clinical research. The work of the panel was used to develop a roadmap, which was adopted by consensus, and which will serve to guide the AACD moving forward.

The supply of clean drinking water is essential for a healthy life, but access to safe and healthy drinking water has become a key issue worldwide, especially in developing nations such as Pakistan. This research work focused on investigating the suitability of groundwater by measuring quality parameters, identification of pesticide pollutants, and health risk analysis in adults and children due to the consumption of groundwater in recently developed housing societies of the Gujranwala district, Punjab, Pakistan. Drinking water samples (n = 200) were collected from electric water pumps and analyzed by in situ testings following the Standard American Public Health Association (APHA) methods. Pesticides and plasticizers detection was carried out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Results showed that the concentrations of dissolved Cr and Pb at more than 20% of sampling sites exceeded the allowable limit of the World Health Organization (WHO). However, the measured physico-chemical attributes and concentrations of Fe and Zn did not exceed their respective permissible limits. The most abundant pollutants detected were plasticizers (30); followed by herbicides (21); fungicides, acaricides, and insecticides (16); and various types of plant growth regulators (7). Differential patterns for the hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard indices (HI) were observed, of which were above the WHO limits. The decreasing order of the hazard quotient was Cl > Zn > Mg > Cr > Pb for both adults and children. In crux, the quality of water is poor for drinking purposes and the safety and well-being of residents in the recently developed housing societies of the study area may be at risk. Hence, it is important to implement a plan for water quality management, and the regular monitoring (periodic testing of qualitative and quantitative attributes) of the water quality to overcome health-related issues.

To prevent floods from becoming disasters, social vulnerability must be integrated into flood risk management. We advocate that the welfare of different societal groups should be included by adding recovery capacity, impacts of beyond-design events, and distributional impacts. Societies have prospered in river valleys, deltas, and coastal areas thanks to effective strategies to cope with flood hazards. However, floods have been increasing in frequency and severity due to climate change and increasing exposure. Governments worldwide aim to develop strategies to reduce flood risks, usually favoring the measures with the largest risk reduction benefits and the lowest costs for a range of sufficiently likely hazard events. Here, the costs conventionally considered are the direct damages. The high impact of recent extreme but rare events such as the 2022 floods in Pakistan and Malawi, the July 2021 flood in Northwestern Europe, the devastation due to Hurricane Iota in the Central Americas (2020), or the 2017 flooding of Houston, Texas, have brought us to rethink flood risk management. In conventional risk analyses rare, extreme events typically have little importance, because the expected annual damage–the indicator of conventional risk approaches–is often dominated by events that have a high probability but cause relatively low damage. Risk reduction measures conventionally aim to reduce direct impacts and total flood risks while minimizing costs. In contrast, it is rarer for measures to be implemented that enhance the ability to cope with flood hazards and to recover rapidly, to reduce indirect flood effects and to account for the distribution of impacts over wealthier and poorer communities1 This may result in strategies that amplify existing inequalities, promote already wealthy societal groups2 and neglect disastrous outliers. Climate change and the related increase in flood hazards require additional investments into flood risk management. This opens a window of opportunity to ensure new investments contribute to a fairer and more resilient world. We argue that policy makers should adopt a resilience lens that utilises more comprehensive analyses, rooted in societal welfare.