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Manufacturing companies across multiple industries face an increasingly dynamic and unpredictable environment. This development can be seen on both the market and supply side. To respond to these challenges, manufacturing companies must implement smart manufacturing systems and become more flexible and agile. The flexibility in operational planning regarding the scheduling and sequencing of customer orders needs to be increased and new structures must be implemented in manufacturing systems’ fundamental design as they constitute much of the operational flexibility available. To this end, smart and more flexible solutions for production planning and control (PPC) are developed. However, scheduling or sequencing is often only considered isolated in a predefined stable environment. Moreover, their orientation on the fundamental logic of the existing IT solutions and their applicability in a dynamic environment is limited. This paper presents a conceptual model for a task-based description logic that can be applied to factory planning, technology planning, and operational control. By using service-oriented architectures, the goal is to generate smart manufacturing systems. The logic is designed to allow for easy and automated maintenance. It is compatible with the existing resource and process allocation logic across operational and strategic factory and production planning.

The article analyzed current approaches to building information infrastructure based on cloud technologies using reference architecture. Developments in field of information technology management are theoretically analyzed. The transition from a detailed description of each process to general goals and principles that are important for IT management is explored. It was determined that there are a number of concepts that can cover certain processes. Special attention is paid to study of use technologies in state institutions and as the basis developed information system. Study based on foreign experience. The purpose of this study is analysis and systematization of theoretical and practical aspects use of reference architectures. In accordance with set goal, tasks of article were to determine general principles of information infrastructure, reference architectures based on IT4IT. Analysis of construction information infrastructure based on cloud technologies during construction of a unified information system for management of defense resources in the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The use of reference architectures during creation of a unified information infrastructure requires a comprehensive study the ways of its implementation. A valid article is devoted to study of prospects using reference architectures in the construction cloud technologies for the creation of information infrastructure state organizations., У статті проведено аналіз актуальних підходів до побудови інформаційної інфраструктури на основі хмарних технологій з використанням референсної архітектури. Теоретично проаналізовано розробки в галузі управління інформаційними технологіями. Досліджено перехід від детального опису кожного процесу до загальних цілей і принципів, які є важливими для управління інформаційними технологіями. Визначено, що існує ряд понять термінів, які можуть охоплювати ті чи інші процеси. Особлива увага була приділена вивченню використання технологій в державних установах, які стали основою для інформаційної системи, що розробляється. Дослідження базується на зарубіжному досвіді. Метою статті є аналіз і систематизація теоретичних й практичних аспектів використання референсних архітектур. Відповідно до поставленої мети статті запропоновані такі завдання: визначення загальних принципів роботи інформаційної інфраструктури, референсних архітектур на базі IT4IТ; аналіз побудови інформаційної інфраструктури на основі хмарних технологій для створення єдиної інформаційної системи управління оборонними ресурсами Збройних Сил України. Використання референсних архітектур під час створення єдиної інформаційної інфраструктури потребує всебічного дослідження шляхів його виконання. Водночас, ця стаття присвячена дослідженню перспектив використання референсних архітектур під час побудови хмарних технологій для створення інформаційної інфраструктури державних організацій.

A faulty situation occurred in Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) based systems can affect its functionality. It is challenging to guarantee the reliability of service utilization in a distributed, concurrent and dynamic composition of web services. This paper aims to present a fault detection approach of SOA using dependency analysis. Data and control dependencies are identified and a fault diagnosis approach based on these dependencies is proposed in this paper. The presented approach extends discrete state space techniques to simulate the concurrent and distributed behavior through Colored Petri Nets (CPNs) for the SOA-based systems in case of the faulty situation. Concrete translation from SOA based system to a CPN model is presented. Model-based technique is used and some heuristics are presented for dependency analysis and fault detection purpose. The experimental performance analysis shows the feasibility of our proposed approach.

Atmospheric ozone (O3) concentration is impacted by a number of factors, such as the amount of solar radiation, the composition of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and hydrocarbons, the transport of pollutants and the amount of particulate matter in the atmosphere. The oxidative potential of the atmosphere and the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) as a result of atmospheric oxidation are influenced by the prevalent O3 concentration. The formation of secondary aerosols from O3 depends on several meteorological, environmental and chemical factors. The relationship between PM2.5 and O3 in different urban environmental regimes of India is investigated in this study during the summer and winter seasons. A relationship between PM2.5 and O3 has been established for many meteorological and chemical variables, such as RH, WS, T and NOx, for the selected study locations. During the winter season, the correlation between PM2.5 and O3 was found to be negative for Delhi and Bengaluru, whereas it was positive in Ahmedabad. The city of Bengaluru was seen to have a positive correlation between PM2.5 and O3 during summer, coinciding with the transport of marine air masses with high RH and low wind speed (as evident from FLEXPART simulations), leading to the formation of SOAs. Further, O3 concentrations are predicted using a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) model based on the relation obtained between PM2.5 and O3 for the summer season using NOx, T, RH, WS and PM2.5 as inputs.

Transportation should become sustainable and available to everyone. Currently, transportation accounts for approx. one sixth of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions globally, and heavy-duty trucks are responsible for almost 30% of that. When fossil diesel fuel is burned in a compression ignition engine, known as a diesel engine, it releases large amounts of CO2, a GHG, into the air. GHGs confine heat in our atmosphere, causing global warming. Furthermore, the emissions are polluting air locally, having negative impact on human health and nature, but also some are adding to the global warming effects. Renewable diesel-like fuels, RME (rapeseed oil methyl ester) and HVO (hydrotreated vegetable oil), and light renewable or less carbon-intense alcohols, methanol and ethanol, as well as blended fuel E85 (ethanol and gasoline), can be used to reduce net CO2 emissions, particulate matter (PM) and gaseous pollutants from the engine. They are available on the market and can be fed to diesel engines without major hardware modifications or by using the available technology. The aim of this PhD thesis was to investigate the effect of replacing fossil diesel fuel with renewable fuels, on the performance and local exhaust emissions of a heavy-duty diesel engine.In experimental studies, particle size distributions in the exhaust were compared to those of fossil diesel. The origin of PM from these less-sooting fuels was studied. The compositions of organic aerosol (OA) and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from HVO, RME and fossil diesel were analyzed, and the effect of a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) was evaluated. Formation of SOA in the atmosphere was simulated by aging emissions in an oxidation flow reactor. The nanostructure of the soot when operating on RME, diesel, methanol or ethanol was studied. Finally, the viability of using E85 fuel in a production truck engine was tested.Ethanol and methanol proved to be nearly non-sooting fuels, with the nanoparticles in the exhaust originating primarily from the lubrication oil. The engine performed well with E85 fuel, with almost all raw emissions below the current legislated levels for one operation setting.PM emissions were significantly lower when fossil diesel was replaced with HVO or RME. The chemical composition of OA was likely dominated by lubrication oil for all three diesel-like fuels. RME reduced both the OA emissions and changed the composition with evidence for minor fuel contributions in the mass spectra. The unregulated nanoparticles of size between 5 nm and 23 nm, which are also thought to originate from the lubrication oil, were emitted in high numbers as nucleation mode. RME and diesel branched soot agglomerates were composed of several tens to hundreds of primary particles, and diesel soot also contained fly ashes from burned engine lubrication oil. SOA formation was substantially lower for RME compared to fossil diesel and HVO. The DOC strongly reduced primary organic emissions in both the gas (hydrocarbons) and particle phase (OA), and only 12 marginally affected OA composition. The DOC was also effective in reducing SOA formation upon atmospheric aging.In order to defossilize transportation, all available technology and research efforts need to get united. When it comes to the heavy-duty sector, the most straightforward solution would be to replace fossil diesel fuel with a diesel-like fuel of non-fossil origin, beginning with the existing vehicle fleets. The use of HVO, RME and light alcohols would have a positive impact on an overall PM reduction.

Continuity of care requires the exchange of health information among organizations and care teams. The EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) establishes that subject of care should give explicit consent to the treatment of her personal data, and organizations must obey the individual’s will. Nevertheless, few solutions focus on guaranteeing the proper execution of consents. We propose a serviceoriented architecture, backed by blockchain technology, that enables: (1) tamper-proof and immutable storage of subject of care consents; (2) a fine-grained access control for protecting health data according to consents; and (3) auditing tasks for supervisory authorities (or subjects of care themselves) to assess that healthcare organizations comply with GDPR and granted consents. Standards for health information exchange and access control are adopted to guarantee interoperability. Access control events and the subject of care consents are maintained on a blockchain, providing a trusted collaboration between organizations, supervisory authorities, and individuals. A prototype of the architecture has been implemented as a proof of concept to evaluate the performance of critical components. The application of subject of care consent to control the treatment of personal health data in federated and distributed environments is a pressing concern. The experimental results show that blockchain can effectively support sharing consent and audit events among healthcare organizations, supervisory authorities, and individuals.

Volatile markets and the increasing individualization of products with shortening life cycles require increased adaptability in manufacturing. The continuous adaptation processes increase the number and relevance of commissioning in the life cycle of production machines. However, as of today, commissioning is highly specific, complex, requiring many manual operations by skilled personnel. This is the consequence of the machines' lack of adaptability, which results from today's rigid and strictly hierarchical control and automation structures as well as the high heterogeneity and incompatibility between various subsystems.The aim of this work is to increase the flexibility and interoperability of fluid power production systems by applying the principles of service-oriented architectures, to decouple the traditionally rigid structures and fixed dependencies, thus enabling self-organized and largely automated commissioning processes. The solution approach pursues a modularization of the overall system into independ-ent Industrie 4.0 (I4.0) components. Their properties and functionalities required for the commissioning are modeled according to the concept of the asset administration shell, encapsulated and made interoperable available via a communication interface for the cooperative execution of processes in the overall system. To describe the commissioning process, the self-description of each component provides a sequence of individual commissioning steps that are required for itself. Considering component- and system-specific dependencies, commissioning can be derived dynamically at runtime and flexibly based on individual components in the overall system and executed using the functionalities provided by the I4.0 components in the system. The IT-retrofit approach developed together with a concept for seamless integration of the commissioning personnel enable self-guided commissioning on both intelligent and conventional machines even with completely passive components.The feasibility of a service-oriented architecture for flexible, self-organized and largely automated commissioning is successfully demonstrated by its implementa-tion and experimental validation on a linear hydraulic system and a pneumatic handling system respectively. The evaluation is conducted by a direct comparison with a traditional commissioning of a conventional state of the art system. The increased systematization and structurization of this novel system lead to improved robustness and consistency of the commissioning, regardless of the qualification of the commissioning personnel. In contrast to the conventional system, the self-guided commissioning can even be carried out completely without the expertise of skilled personnel. Furthermore, a parallelization of commissioning steps and a reduction in commissioning time can be demonstrated in many cases.

Novel events catch our attention, which can influence performance of a task. Whether this attentional capture by novelty benefits or impairs performance depends on several factors, such as the relevance of the stimulus, task requirements, and the timing of the event. Additionally, it has been argued that novel stimuli can hold intrinsic reward value, which may directly affect approach motivation, similar to positive valence stimuli. This link between novelty and approach/avoid behaviour has not been investigated directly. Here, we investigated whether stimulus novelty interacts with response behaviour in an approach/avoidance task, and whether these effects depend on the task relevance of novelty and stimulus timing. In experiment 1, participants gave an approach or avoid response dependent on a shape (diamond or square) presented at different stimulus onset asynchronies (SOA) following a novel or familiar scene (target -irrelevant novelty). In experiment 2, participants had to approach or avoid a novel or familiar image depending on the content (indoor/outdoor; target-related novelty). A shape was presented at different SOA. Results of a linear mixed model showed novelty-induced performance costs as demonstrated by longer RT and lower accuracy when novelty was target-relevant, likely due to attentional lingering at novel images. When images were target-irrelevant, approach but not avoid responses were faster for familiar versus novel images at 200 ms SOA only. Thus, novelty had a differentially pronounced detrimental effect on performance. These observations confirm that processing of novel stimuli generally depends on stimulus relevance, and tentatively suggests that differential processing of novel and familiar images is intensified by motivated approach behaviour.

International audience; Limonene is a widespread volatile organic compound in the atmosphere. Its fast reaction with ozone leads to a large range of low-volatility oxygenated products that can form aerosols through gas-to-particle conversion processes. However, the physical and chemical mechanisms at the origin of particle formation are still fairly unknown despite the general importance of atmospheric aerosols towards health and climate. In the present work, we combined experimental and theoretical approaches to potentially decipher new significant mechanisms in the ozonolysis of limonene. After a thorough analysis of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) chemical composition highlighting for the first time the formation of oligomers up to heptamer structures as well as linear organic diacids, we proposed a formation mechanism involving non-covalent hydrogen bonding implying carboxylic/carbonyl/hydroxy groups. Theoretical quantum chemical calculations on dimers and trimers confirmed the stability of such structures. Thus, the present results highlight the formation of large oligomeric molecules whose atmospheric fate and health impacts need to be investigated. More generally, it is suggested that these non-covalent H-bonds play a role in the first steps of SOA formation from terpene oxidation in the atmosphere.

graficas, tablas Dados los avances presentados en la actualidad en el área de las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones, la dependencia de las organizaciones hacia los activos tecnológicos cada día es más importante, razón por la cual, el área de seguridad informática tiene la responsabilidad de proporcionar mecanismos que garanticen la protección de la infraestructura tecnológica. Sin embargo, actualmente son constantes los ataques informáticos, los cuales buscan afectar la disponibilidad, integridad o confidencialidad de los datos y la información. A pesar de los numerosos mecanismos de seguridad con los que se cuenta actualmente, los atacantes logran vulnerar los diferentes mecanismos de protección, en particular, realizando ataques de Denegación de Servicios (DoS) y Denegación de Servicios Distribuidos (DDoS). Teniendo en cuenta que a pesar de la implementación de sistemas de seguridad tradicionales, no se ha conseguido una mitigación de los ataques en su totalidad, la adaptación de técnicas de aprendizaje supervisado para la detección de ataques de tipo DoS/DDoS es viable, dada la capacidad de los algoritmos de inteligencia artificial para clasificar y emitir predicciones. La comunidad científica respalda ampliamente la propuesta de implementar Sistemas de Detección de Intrusos usando técnicas de inteligencia artificial, no obstante, las soluciones desarrolladas no están orientadas a usuarios administradores de seguridad en redes sin conocimientos en aprendizaje de máquina y con la generación de reportes dinámicos y con carácter estadístico orientado a servicios en la nube. En esta tesis de maestría, se propuso el diseño e implementación de una arquitectura orientada a servicios en la nube, la selección de las técnicas de aprendizaje supervisado más relevantes en la detección de ataques DoS/DDoS y la implementación del sistema de Detección de Intrusos. El prototipo demuestra que las técnicas de aprendizaje supervisado pueden ser implementadas como servicios en la nube, garantizando su desempeño en la detección de este tipo de ataques en redes físicas y en tiempo real. (Texto tomado de la fuente) Given the advances presented today in the field of Information and Communication Technologies, the dependence of organizations on technological assets is becoming increasingly important. Therefore, the area of computer security has the responsibility to provide mechanisms that ensure the protection of technological infrastructure. However, cyberattacks seeking to affect the availability, integrity, or confidentiality of data and information are becoming increasingly constant. Despite the numerous security mechanisms currently available, attackers manage to compromise different protection mechanisms, particularly by carrying out Denial of Service (DoS) and Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. Considering that traditional security systems have not achieved complete mitigation of attacks, the adaptation of supervised learning techniques for DoS/DDoS attack detection is viable given the ability of artificial intelligence algorithms to classify and make predictions. The scientific community widely supports the proposal to implement Intrusion Detection Systems using artificial intelligence techniques. However, the solutions developed are not aimed at security administrators in networks without knowledge of machine learning and with the generation of dynamic and statistical reports oriented towards cloud services. This master's thesis proposes the design and implementation of a cloud-oriented architecture, the selection of the most relevant supervised learning techniques in the detection of DoS/DDoS attacks, and the implementation of the Intrusion Detection System. The prototype demonstrates that supervised learning techniques can be implemented as cloud services, guaranteeing their performance in detecting these types of attacks in physical networks in real-time. Maestría Magíster en Administración de Sistemas Informáticos Inteligencia Artificial Informática Y Computación.Sede Manizales

Dissertation, RWTH Aachen University, 2023; Düren : Shaker Verlag, Reihe Fluidtechnik 114, 1 Online-Ressource : Illustrationen, Diagramme (2023). = Dissertation, RWTH Aachen University, 2023, Volatile markets and the increasing individualization of products with shortening life cycles require increased adaptability in manufacturing. The continuous adaptation processes increase the number and relevance of commissioning in the life cycle of production machines. However, as of today, commissioning is highly specific, complex, requiring many manual operations by skilled personnel. This is the consequence of the machines' lack of adaptability, which results from today's rigid and strictly hierarchical control and automation structures as well as the high heterogeneity and incompatibility between various subsystems.The aim of this work is to increase the flexibility and interoperability of fluid power production systems by applying the principles of service-oriented architectures, to decouple the traditionally rigid structures and fixed dependencies, thus enabling self-organized and largely automated commissioning processes. The solution approach pursues a modularization of the overall system into independ-ent Industrie 4.0 (I4.0) components. Their properties and functionalities required for the commissioning are modeled according to the concept of the asset administration shell, encapsulated and made interoperable available via a communication interface for the cooperative execution of processes in the overall system. To describe the commissioning process, the self-description of each component provides a sequence of individual commissioning steps that are required for itself. Considering component- and system-specific dependencies, commissioning can be derived dynamically at runtime and flexibly based on individual components in the overall system and executed using the functionalities provided by the I4.0 components in the system. The IT-retrofit approach developed together with a concept for seamless integration of the commissioning personnel enable self-guided commissioning on both intelligent and conventional machines even with completely passive components.The feasibility of a service-oriented architecture for flexible, self-organized and largely automated commissioning is successfully demonstrated by its implementa-tion and experimental validation on a linear hydraulic system and a pneumatic handling system respectively. The evaluation is conducted by a direct comparison with a traditional commissioning of a conventional state of the art system. The increased systematization and structurization of this novel system lead to improved robustness and consistency of the commissioning, regardless of the qualification of the commissioning personnel. In contrast to the conventional system, the self-guided commissioning can even be carried out completely without the expertise of skilled personnel. Furthermore, a parallelization of commissioning steps and a reduction in commissioning time can be demonstrated in many cases., Published by Shaker Verlag, Düren

Soa is a combination of several genealogically territorial eyes of the house. Each Soa usually has a symbol in the form of Totem, which is the identity of each Soa. Soa is still maintained until now. Even every symbol or Totem is still present in implementing traditional ceremonies. This study aimed to discover Soa and its role based on Totem in Negeri Hutumuri, South Leitimur Sub-district, Ambon City. This research is qualitative. The data source was obtained by purposive sampling. The Soa heads and traditional elders were used as informants. Data collection techniques through interviews, participatory observation, and documentation. The results of the study show: 1) Soa in the life of the people of Negeri Hutumuri consists of 5 Soa, namely Soa Pattihutung, Soa Mokihutung, Soa Tutupasar, Soa Lapaut, and Soa Puasel. 2) The role of each Soa is based on the Totem: 1. Soa Pattihutung, with the symbol of the Soa pigeon is role as an honest leader in leadership (King); 2. Soa Mokihutung symbolizes the Soa Mangole bird in charge of maintaining maritime security (Kewang sea/marine police). 3. Soa Tutupasar with the symbol of Soa, namely Soa-Soa, in charge of maintaining forest security (Kewang land/forest police). 4. Soa Lapaut, with the symbol of the Soa snake, is in charge of maintaining security and order (police/soldiers). 5. Soa Puasel, with the symbol of the Soa frog maintaining the cleanliness of water and art in the Negeri Hutumuri.

Organonitrates (ON) and nitroxy-organosulfates (NOS) are important components of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs). Gas-phase reactions of α-pinene (C10H16), a primary precursor for several ON compounds, are fairly well understood although formation pathways for NOS largely remain unknown. NOS formation may occur via reactions of ON and organic peroxides with sulfates as well as through radical-initiated photochemical processes. Despite the fact that organosulfates (OS) represent a significant portion of the organic aerosol mass, ON and NOS formation from OS is less understood, especially through nighttime heterogeneous and multiphase chemistry pathways. In the current study, surface reactions of adsorbed α-pinene-derived OS with nitrogen oxides on hematite and kaolinite surfaces, common components of mineral dust, have been investigated. α-Pinene reacts with sulfated mineral surfaces, forming a range of OS compounds on the surface. These OS compounds when adsorbed on mineral surfaces can further react with HNO3 and NO2, producing several ON and NOS compounds as well as several oxidation products. Overall, this study reveals the complexity of reactions of prevalent organic compounds leading to the formation of OS, ON, and NOS via heterogeneous and multiphase reaction pathways on mineral surfaces. It is also shown that this chemistry is mineralogy-specific.

High loads of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) pollution occurred frequently since early spring and led to an increasing contribution of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) in organic aerosols. However, the characteristics of precursor volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have rarely been studied. In this study, the continuous observation of VOCs was performed by an offline VOC monitoring system and gas chromatography-mass/flame ionization detector from 1 April 2020 to 31 July 2020; the characterization of VOCs and their contribution to SOA was explored. The results showed that during the observation period, the average mixing ratio of TVOCs was 42.6 ± 11.2 ppbv, and the major VOCs species were OVOCs, followed by alkanes, halocarbons, aromatics, alkenes and acetylene. When the west circulation pattern functioned, the value of aromatics increased, and the relation between PM2.5, O3 and VOCs increased when the high-pressure system controlled by anticyclone functioned. In combination with the results of positive matrix factorization, the main emission sources of ambient VOCs were complex, and the fuel combustion, industry-related emission, vehicle emission, biogenic emission and solvent volatilization accounted for 27.1%, 24.4%, 24.3%, 12.1% and 12.0%, respectively. Moreover, the industry-related emission contributed the greatest to the generation of SOA. This result indicated that the restrictions on aromatics during the industrial process are vital to reducing SOA formation.

In ihrem Buch Eichmann in Jerusalem: Ein Bericht von der Banalität des Bösen teilt Hannah Arendt mit dem Leser ihre Gedanken über die Person Eichmann und den Jerusalemer Prozess. Ihre präzisen, jedoch kritischen Darstellungen des Verfahrens und Eichmanns Taten werden genauer analysiert. Mit Hilfe ihrer vielen Beispiele und Deutungen werden die Merkmale, die beim Prozess wichtig waren, und Eichmanns Eigenschaften präsentiert. Es wird auf die Aspekte hingewiesen, die für Arendt beim Verlauf des Prozesses und für das Verständnis von Eichmanns Wesen wichtig waren. Im Text werden auch Arendts Ansichten über die Vernichtungspolitik, die Handlungen von Judenräten und die Behandlung von Juden in von Nazis besetzen Ländern angesprochen. Hannah Arendt v knjigi Eichmann v Jeruzalemu prikaže svoj pogled na Eichmanna in njegov proces. Njeni natančni, a kritični opisi sojenja in Eichmannovih dejanj so v tem tekstu podrobneje analizirani. S pomočjo številnih primerov in interpretacij, ki jih v delu navede, so prikazane lastnosti procesa in Eichmannove najpomembnejše značilnosti. Izpostavljeni so vidiki, ki so bili po mnenju Hannah Arendt pomembni za razumevanje namena tega proces in Eichmannove narave. Besedilo obravnava tudi njen pogled na režim, ki je zakrivil genocid, na delovanje Judov v času nacizma in na ravnanje z Judi v državah, ki so bile pod okupacijo nacistične Nemčije.

With the tremendous growth of Internet and its related technologies, the Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) became a dominant paradigm shift for enterprise computing. In SOA, business functionalities are offered by many different Service Providers as services. In order to get served by different service providers, the client has to authenticate with those service providers at multiple times. Single Sign On (SSO) mechanism provides the client to login only one time so that access to different services is made possible without needing to re-authenticate. Here, the identity of the logged-in client is federated among the enterprise computing nodes. This is one of the simplest forms of federated identity. The goal of identity federation is to benefit ease of use, flexibility, productivity and reduced cost of the authentication process, but trust and security is a major concern in this situation. Major threats on federated identity management are due to identity misuse, identity theft, and trust deficit between identity providers and services providers. As of now, the Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML), Open Authorization (OAuth) and OpenID are the three important federated identity management standards in the industry. However, none of them is equipped by itself to provide comprehensive security protection for identity federation even within a single enterprise computing environment. In fact, these federated solutions result in additional security vulnerabilities due to their openness of identity federation. The security threats are becoming severe when federated identity is spanned into the inter-organizational and intra-organizational computing environment. This paper analyses the vulnerabilities and security gaps in the existing federated identity solutions. To overcome these gaps, an adaptive security architectural model is proposed for identity federation at inter and intra-organizational level using public key infrastructure that adheres to the SOA security standards and specifications. The proposed architecture is implemented and tested in a large-scale federated identity enterprise computing environment with security-centric financial data to acquire the desired results. A cross-sectional comparative analysis is done between existing and proposed solutions to validate the improvement in the protection of identity federation environment.

Description: In order to study the sense of agency (SoA), we will use a novel visuomotor experimental task, called the "Dot-Task". We also measure the neuronal correlates of SoA through Electroencephalography (EEG) by analyzing steady state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs). In the behavioral task, participants move the index finger of their dominant hand on a touchpad in a clockwise, circular movement. Their finger movement will be translated into one of three moving objects (circle, triangle, or square) on a screen, whose motion is a combination of the participants’ own finger movements and also pre-recorded finger movements of another person, thus producing continuous levels of prediction error. In the second task, participants move a single dot through their movements on the touchpad, that flickers in a 6 Hz frequency in order to elicit SSVEPs in this frequency band. In this task, additional EEG will be recorded. To ensure data quality, additional Eye-Tracking (EyeLink 1000) will be utilized.

This study aims to analyze (implicit) beliefs about word usage of people who vary with respect to their pride and envy (cue utilization). Brunswik’s lens model analysis is used as theoretical framework and interpersonal perception criteria are computed (consensus, accuracy, sensitivity).

In order to study the sense of agency (SoA), we will use two versions of a novel visuomotor experimental task, called the "Dot-Task". In the behavioral task, participants move the index finger of their dominant hand on a touchpad in a clockwise, circular movement. Their finger movement will be translated into one of three moving objects (circle, triangle, or square) on a screen, whose motion is a combination of the participants’ own finger movements and also pre-recorded finger movements of another person, thus producing continuous levels of prediction error. In the second task, we aim at measuring the neuronal correlates of SoA through Electroencephalography (EEG) by analyzing steady state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs). Participants move a single dot through their movements on the touchpad, that flickers in a 6 Hz frequency in order to elicit SSVEPs in this frequency band. In this task, additional EEG will be recorded. In this second task additional Eye-Tracking (EyeLink 1000) will be utilized.

This paper deals with improving transmission properties of a DWDM system based on amplification techniques. Parameter values change due to a change in the type of optical amplifier or an adjustment of the parameters of the optical amplifiers. Optimization summarizes the knowledge of the systems and software that are used. These assumptions are verified by a set of simulations and the obtained numerical values are compared with the values given in the relevant articles. The proposed design, which uses a larger number of EDFA amplifiers over long distances, has been found to perform better than single amplifier systems. In addition, the proposed solution is better in transmission characteristics than other approaches with a similar purpose.

National audience; Nous proposons une étude analytique, numérique et expérimentale permettant de quantifier le profil d'amplitude et de phase des impulsions picosecondes générées par un laser à verrouillage de modes fibré à base d'amplificateur optique à semi-conducteur (SOA) en vue d'optimiser les performances en bruit de phase d'un oscillateur optoélectronique couplé (COEO) oscillant à 10 GHz. Nous allons démontrer qu'une très faible dispersion anormale prévaut à l'optimisation d'un COEO.

Present-day intelligent healthcare applications offer digital healthcare services to users in a distributed manner. The Internet of Healthcare Things (IoHT) is the mechanism of the Internet of Things (IoT) found in different healthcare applications, with devices that are attached to external fog cloud networks. Using different mobile applications connecting to cloud computing, the applications of the IoHT are remote healthcare monitoring systems, high blood pressure monitoring, online medical counseling, and others. These applications are designed based on a client–server architecture based on various standards such as the common object request broker (CORBA), a service-oriented architecture (SOA), remote method invocation (RMI), and others. However, these applications do not directly support the many healthcare nodes and blockchain technology in the current standard. Thus, this study devises a potent blockchain-enabled socket RPC IoHT framework for medical enterprises (e.g., healthcare applications). The goal is to minimize service costs, blockchain security costs, and data storage costs in distributed mobile cloud networks. Simulation results show that the proposed blockchain-enabled socket RPC minimized the service cost by 40%, the blockchain cost by 49%, and the storage cost by 23% for healthcare applications.

Many smart city applications have been proposed and demonstrated over the years, however, moving to large-scale deployment is still scarce. A contributing factor to this scarcity is the lack of well-established engineering methodologies for large-scale smart city applications. This paper addresses engineering methodologies and tools for large-scale smart city application engineering, implementation, deployment, and evolution. A model-based engineering approach based on IoT, SOA, and SysML is proposed and applied to a smart streetlight application. Engineering considerations for streetlight area enlargement and updated technology generations with additional capabilities are discussed. The proposed model-based engineering approach provides considerable scaling simplifications and opportunities for considerable savings on engineering costs. The model-based engineering approach also provides good documentation that enables technology evolution specifications that support both maintenance and emerging behaviours.

Anomaly detection can infer the presence of errors without observing the target services, but detecting variations in the observable parts of the system on which the services reside. This is a promising technique in complex software-intensive systems, because either instrumenting the services’ internals is exceedingly time-consuming, or encapsulation makes them not accessible. Unfortunately, in such systems anomaly detection is often ineffective due to their dynamicity, which implies changes in the services or their expected workload. Here we present our approach to enhance the efficacy of anomaly detection in complex, dynamic software-intensive systems. After discussing the related challenges, we present MADneSs, an anomaly detection framework tailored for the above systems that includes an adaptive multi-layer monitoring module. Monitored data are then processed by the anomaly detector, which adapts its parameters depending on the current system behavior. An anomaly alert is provided if the analysis conducted by the anomaly detector identify unexpected trends in the data. MADneSs is evaluated through an experimental campaign on two service-oriented architectures; software faults are injected in the application layer, and detected through monitoring of underlying system layers. Lastly, we quantitatively and qualitatively discuss our results with respect to state-of-the-art solutions, highlighting the key contributions of MADneSs.

A novel snapback-free superjunction reverse-conducting insulated gate bipolar transistor (SJ-RC-IGBT) is proposed and verified by simulation. In the SJ-RC-IGBT, the parasitic P/N/P/N structure as thyristor or Shockley diode demonstrates large conductivity due to an overabundance of carriers for reverse conduction. By preventing electrons from leaking across the N+ region at the collector side, the extra electron-blocking (EB) layer introduced in the SJ-RC-IGBT can dramatically enhance electron–hole pairs in the N/P-pillars. Hence, the SJ-RC-IGBT demonstrates a low on-state voltage (Von). In addition, snapback-free characteristics and a large safe operating area (SOA) are also achieved in the SJ-RC-IGBT. During the turn-off process, a significant amount of electrons are extracted by parasitic MOS across the EB layer at the collector side to decrease the turn-off loss (Eoff). According to the optimized results, the SJ-RC-IGBT with EB layer obtains an ultralow Eoff of 3.9 mJ/cm2 at Von = 1.38 V with 88% and 81% decreases, respectively, compared with the conventional reverse-conducting IGBT (CRC-IGBT) and superjunction IGBT (SJ-IGBT).

Este artículo presenta el análisis de un caso de asignación de visas americanas mediante la extracción de información de diferentes entidades. Para este problema se utilizan las siguientes fuentes de datos: i) información personal del solicitante, ii) información de los bienes inmuebles de la persona, y iii) el historial crediticio proveniente de entidades bancarias. Para la extracción de la información se crearon interfaces que simularon el funcionamiento de dichas entidades, así como sus respectivas bases de datos y servicios web. Para el envío de datos, se implementó en la aplicación, el uso de una arquitectura orientada a servicios (SOA) mediante el desarrollo de un sistema de orquestación de servicios. En este contexto, se aplicaron conceptos del lenguaje BPEL, cuya finalidad es demostrar la importancia de una orquestación de servicios en empresas u organizaciones y la gran utilidad de disponer de servicios integrados. Los conceptos aplicados en el desarrollo del sistema final, corroboran su utilización, puesto que los módulos desarrollados, pueden integrarse a otros sin que exista la necesidad de volver a diseñarlos desde cero, lo que representa una ayuda sustancial en la búsqueda de soluciones óptimas para infraestructuras TI.

In this work we experimentally demonstrate the compensation of nonlinearities introduced by a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) operating as a power booster in a field-modulated direct detection fiber-optic system transmitter. We show that a combination of digital pre-compensation to deal with SOA nonlinearities, and digital post-compensation after Kramers-Kronig receiver for mitigating the impacts of chromatic dispersion and signal-signal beat interference (SSBI) is an effective scheme to gain ∼3dB in ROSNR in presence of SOA nonlinearity at 3dB of gain compression.

Utilization of an adaptable transceiver with quality of service (QoS) features is a promising notion to build next generation optical network. This paper proposes an adaptive transceiver design by adopting logic gates in the optical domain. The proposed design offers multiple scenarios to support QoS diversity with a slight modification of conventional optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) transceiver architecture through Sigma Shift Matrix (SSM) signature code. In particular, the proposed transceiver design categorizes the users into two classes of service, one having a higher quality level and the other having a lower quality level. Users of high class transmit at low interference versus high interference power for low classes’ users. To switch between the multiple scenarios, an optical Mux performs digital operation is developed and integrated to the transceiver design. This type of MUX is built by using a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA). In addition, a comprehensive algorithm is developed to control the function of the adaptable transceiver. Five scenarios were formed and investigated to offer a platform for a different type of applications. A proof concept using Optisystem software demonstrates ability of the proposed architecture to efficiently switch between different levels of QoS as per user requirement and provide desired transmission capacity

International audience; The hygroscopic growth factor (GF) and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles produced during dark ozonolysis of γ-terpinene under different reaction conditions were investigated. The SOA particles were produced in the presence or absence of cyclohexane, an OH scavenger; 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, an anthropogenic volatile organic compound; and (NH4)2SO4 seed particles. A hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer was used to determine the GFs of the SOA particles at RHs ≤ 93%. For some experiments, a CCN counter was used for size-resolved measurement of CCN activation at supersaturation (S) in the range of 0.1 to 1%. The single hygroscopicity parameter κ was derived from both the GF and CCN measurements. Under subsaturated conditions, all the SOA (except those in the presence of the (NH4)2SO4 seeds) showed small GF values. These GFs demonstrated that SOA mass loading affected the GF. A decrease in the SOA mass loading led to increased GF and corresponding κGF values. However, in a supersaturation regime, the SOA mass loading and the size of the particles did not significantly alter the CCN activity of the SOA. Our CCN measurements showed higher κCCN values (κCCN = 0.20–0.24) than those observed in most monoterpene ozonolysis studies (κCCN = 0.1–0.14). This difference may have been due to the presence of the two endocyclic double bonds in the γ-terpinene structure, which may have affected the SOA chemical composition, in contrast to monoterpenes that contain an exocyclic double bond. Our comparisons of sub- and supersaturated conditions showed a larger range of κ values than other experiments. Average κCCN/κGF ratios of ~7 and 14 were obtained in the unseeded SOA experiments at low and high SOA mass loadings, respectively. The average κCCN of 0.23 indicated that the SOA produced during ozonolysis of γ-terpinene exhibited fairly high CCN activity.

As vital equipment in high-speed train power supply systems, the failure of onboard traction transformers affect the safe and stable operation of the trains. To diagnose faults in onboard traction transformers, this paper proposes a hybrid optimization method based on quickly and accurately using support vector machines (SVMs) as fault diagnosis systems for onboard traction transformers, which can accurately locate and analyze faults. Considering the limitations of traditional transformers for identifying faults, this study used kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) to analyze the feature quantity of dissolved gas analysis (DGA) data, electrical test data, and oil quality test data. The improved seagull optimization algorithm (ISOA) was used to optimize the SVM, and a Henon chaotic map was introduced to initialize the population. Combined with differential evolution (DE) based on the adaptive formula, the foraging formula of the seagull optimization algorithm (SOA) was improved to increase the diversity of the algorithm and enhance its ability to find the optimal parameters of SVM, which made the simulation results more accurate. Finally, the KPCA–ADESOA–SVM model was constructed and applied to fault diagnosis for the traction transformer. The example analysis compared the diagnosis results of the proposed diagnosis model with those of the traditional diagnosis model, showing further optimization of the feature quantity and improvements in the diagnosis accuracy. This proves that the proposed diagnosis model has high generalization performance and can effectively increase the fault diagnosis accuracy and speed of traction transformers.

Introducción: La Institución Universitaria Antonio José Camacho (UNIAJC) ha identificado a través del proyecto de investigación Ecosistema Smart campus, que existen problemas complejos de comunicación entre aplicaciones construidas como silos, donde la redundancia de información es común y los procesos que soportan requieren refinamiento. Esta problemática es bastante común, no solo para la UNIAJC, sino en general para cualquier universidad. La razón, es que a medida que evolucionan las instituciones, los aplicativos que soportan sus procesos son construidos únicamente visionando dar solución a una necesidad específica, sin contar con todo el contexto de soluciones que preexisten, muchas veces por la premura de resolver. Las arquitecturas orientadas a servicios (SOA por sus siglas en inglés), tienen como objetivo, resolver este tipo de situaciones de forma gradual, debido a la dificultad técnica de las implementaciones. Este trabajo se enfoca en exponer la definición de la arquitectura de integración que plantea Smart Campus para la UNIAJC, estableciendo la forma en que interactuarán los servicios y teniendo en cuenta las limitaciones de infraestructura actuales. Objetivo: Definir una arquitectura de integración que permita el fácil escalamiento y buen desempeño de los diversos mecanismos que comunican las aplicaciones que cohabitan en la institución Universitaria Antonio José Camacho. Metodología: Se aborda el diseño arquitectural de la solución, partiendo del enfoque general, donde se describe las necesidades a resolver mediante el patrón Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) y se representan por medio de un diagrama de componentes. Luego se amplía la información hasta lograr un enfoque detallado. En este último, se selecciona el tipo de servicio a construir (SOAP o REST) y se expone su arquitectura. Por último, mediante ATAM (Architecture Tradeoff Analysis Method), se comprueba la efectividad de la solución. Resultados: La definición de una Arquitectura de integración de aplicaciones basado en SOA, detallando la arquitectura de software para la construcción de los servicios web de la solución. Esto, teniendo en cuenta las limitaciones de infraestructura y recursos de la Institución para lograr un rendimiento de entre 500 p/s a 1000 p/s (peticiones por segundo) que evite problemas de hilos o bloqueo de recursos. Conclusiones: SOA permite dar solución a problemas de comunicación e integración de aplicaciones, tanto en entornos empresariales como educativos, incrementando la mantenibilidad, escalabilidad y reutilización de los sistemas y componentes desarrollados bajo esta arquitectura. Por otro lado, el modelo para la revisión de la arquitectura ATAM facilitó la definición y evaluación de la arquitectura, logrando tener una comprensión del entorno actual, la identificación de los atributos de calidad, las pruebas y resultados esperados.

This research presents the NatVi Framework for Agile Software Development, Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA), and Quality Assurance (QA). The research took place in a context of profound and rapid changes in business environments that affect the software development environment. Our previous work did a Systematic Literature Review trying to find articles dealing with SOA and Agile and the challenges inherent in this combination of solutions. In order to build the Framework, this work took the shortcomings found in the solutions presented in the papers and further incorporated the necessary QA concept. In this context, the Framework attempts to provide an answer to how to develop software with quality and rapid deliveries in an ever-changing environment, where the traditional forms of software development may not handle it. Background research identified trade-offs among SOA, QA, and Agile, e.g., formality, documentation, and planning. The background research also identified strengths, weaknesses, and gaps in papers that addressed solutions to problems that arise in software development in the presented context. The results of the background research were assessed and exploited in Framework construction. In a single life-cycle, the NatVi Framework combines Agile, SOA, and QA and addresses the values and principles that guide them in 13 phases distributed in four layers. Each phase is carried out by people who perform specific roles, expressed in terms of inputs, tasks, and outputs. As a Framework, it is not exhaustive, and its main concepts may change and adapt to each environment. The Framework validation is underway, and a forthcoming paper will present the results.

The photochemical transformation processes occurring at the sea surface lead to the formation of low volatility organic compounds that contribute to new particle formation in the marine boundary la...

PM10 was collected during an EMEP winter campaign of 2017-2018 in two urban background sites in Barcelona (BCN) and Granada (GRA), two Mediterranean cities in the coast and inland, respectively. The concentrations of PM10, organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and organic molecular tracer compounds such as hopanes, anhydro-saccharides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, and several biogenic and anthropogenic markers of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) were two times higher in GRA compared to BCN and related to the atmospheric mixing heights in the areas. Multivariate curve resolution (MCR-ALS) source apportionment analysis identified primary emissions sources (traffic + biomass burning) that were responsible for the 50% and 20% of the organic aerosol contributions in Granada and Barcelona, respectively. The contribution of biomass burning was higher in the holidays than in the working days in GRA while all primary combustion emissions decreased in holidays in BCN. The MCR-ALS identified that oxidative species and SOA formation processes contributed to 40% and 80% in Granada and Barcelona, respectively. Aged SOA was dominant in Granada and Barcelona under stagnant atmospheric conditions and in presence of air pollution. On the other hand, fresh SOA contributions from α-pinene oxidation (cis-pinonic acid) were three times higher in Barcelona than Granada and could be related to new particle formation, essentially due to overall cleaner air conditions and elevated air temperatures., Financial support for this study was provided by the Cooperative Programme for Monitoring and Evaluation of the Long-Range Transmission of Air Pollution in Europe (EMEP) and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research project ACTRIS2 (654109) and supported by research projects from the Plan Nacional de IyD of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation INTEMPOL (PGC2018-102288-B-I00), HOUSE (CGL2016-78594-R), and BioCloud (RTI2018.101154.A.I00). IDAEA-CSIC is a Severo Ochoa Centre of Research Excellence (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, CEX2018-000794-S).

The paper which is based on a literature review combined with a case study, spanning manufacturing and process industry contexts, set out to determine whether there is an emerging trend to use a service-oriented architecture (SOA)-based platform supporting microservices while developing and operating automation solutions while also considering effects and implications. The results point out that there is a significant potential, during the lifecycle, to save significant engineering time/effort during the development-related and operations phases while integrating systems and adding new types of sensors or other equipment. In addition, the results indicate that there are also business development advantages when promoting an SOA-based architecture supporting microservices towards monolith architectures and that a cybersecurity baseline can be included as part of the platform baseline. However, there is a threshold, before the benefits can be reaped, in terms of the need to build up a competency and skills set concerning the platform, SOA and microservices, as many providers of automation solutions are still doing the development in a traditional old monolithic style with hard-coded integrations between components and systems. Finally, we see an emerging trend to use a competent SOA-based platform in the development and operation of automation solutions.

Particulate organic nitrate (pON) can be a major part of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and is commonly quantified by indirect means from aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) data. However, pON quantification remains challenging. Here, we set out to quantify and characterize pON in the boreal forest, through direct field observations at Station for Measuring Ecosystem Atmosphere Relationships (SMEAR) II in Hyytia''la'', Finland, and targeted single precursor laboratory studies. We utilized a long time-of-flight AMS (LToF-AMS) for aerosol chemical characterization, with a particular focus to identify CxHyOzN+ ("CHON+") fragments. We estimate that during springtime at SMEAR II, pON (including both the organic and nitrate part) accounts for similar to 10% of the particle mass concentration (calculated by the NO+/NO2+ method) and originates mainly from the NO3 radical oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds. The majority of the background nitrate aerosol measured is organic. The CHON+ fragment analysis was largely unsuccessful at SMEAR II, mainly due to low concentrations of the few detected fragments. However, our findings may be useful at other sites as we identified 80 unique CHON+ fragments from the laboratory measurements of SOA formed from NO3 radical oxidation of three pON precursors (beta-pinene, limonene, and guaiacol). Finally, we noted a significant effect on ion identification during the LToF-AMS high-resolution data processing, resulting in too many ions being fit, depending on whether tungsten ions (W+) were used in the peak width determination. Although this phenomenon may be instrument-specific, we encourage all (LTOF-) AMS users to investigate this effect on their instrument to reduce the possibility of incorrect identifications.

The paper which is based on a literature review combined with a case study, spanning manufacturing and process industry contexts, set out to determine whether there is an emerging trend to use a service-oriented architecture (SOA)-based platform supporting microservices while developing and operating automation solutions while also considering effects and implications. The results point out that there is a significant potential, during the lifecycle, to save significant engineering time/effort during the development-related and operations phases while integrating systems and adding new types of sensors or other equipment. In addition, the results indicate that there are also business development advantages when promoting an SOA-based architecture supporting microservices towards monolith architectures and that a cybersecurity baseline can be included as part of the platform baseline. However, there is a threshold, before the benefits can be reaped, in terms of the need to build up a competency and skills set concerning the platform, SOA and microservices, as many providers of automation solutions are still doing the development in a traditional old monolithic style with hard-coded integrations between components and systems. Finally, we see an emerging trend to use a competent SOA-based platform in the development and operation of automation solutions. Godkänd;2022;Nivå 0;2022-02-18 (hanlid);Part of section: Applied Industrial Technologies

Throughout history, humans have proven to develop and improve their quality of life constantly. Incorporating mechanical principles into otherwise manual labor was one such aspect. Today, introducing mechanization to the industry and steam power is regarded as the first industrial revolution. Since then, a second and a third have followed, introducing concepts such as electricity, automation, computers, and computerization. Finally, in 2011 the fourth industrial revolution was introduced as Industry 4.0 by a project started in Germany, which considers digitalization. Industry 4.0 uses concepts such as Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), the Internet of Things (IoT), and cloud computing. The goal of these concepts is to be able to further the capabilities of automation in the industry, creating smart factories. A problem experienced today when making changes to the production line is that an immense amount of hard coding is required for the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) controlling the system as well as for the system controlling the factory. The Eclipse Arrowhead Framework addresses these issues by applying a particular set of parameters to all systems within the IT infrastructure. The Arrowheadframework offers parameters such as orchestrator, authorization, and a service registry to each system incorporated within the framework. By applying this, the System of Systems (SoS) and the parameters provided by the Arrowhead framework create a local cloud. In doing so, each system within a factory belongs to its local cloud, building a factory made of a cluster of local clouds. By applying the ideas of Industry 4.0, a proof of concept is created, showing that today’s industry would benefit from using the concepts stated above with digital twins. The thesis explores and proves that, with the help of digital twins, today’s industry can cut down on manufacturing process development. In addition, it reduces the time it takes to apply changes to the production line by enabling machine learning to facilitate human interaction. A model factory created by fischertechnik is used, together with a PLC, as the physical twin in this master thesis. In addition, using Siemens Computer-Aided Design (CAD) software NX, a digital twin is created; this digital twin will communicate with the physical twin to simulate the behavior of the physical twin in real-time. A server has been created and is acting as a hub of communication for both of the twins. The use of the digital twin to communicate with the physical twin will enable tremendous advances in automation regarding industry 4.0.

We investigated the kinetics, mechanism and secondary organic aerosols formation of the ozonolysis of trans-2-pentenal (T2P) using four different reactors with Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) spectroscopy and Gas Chromatography (GC) techniques at T = 298 ± 2 K and 760 Torr in dry conditions. The rate coefficients and branching ratios were also evaluated using the canonical variational transition (CVT) state theory coupled with small curvature tunneling (CVT/SCT) in the range 278–350 K. The experimental rate coefficient at 298 K was (1.46 ± 0.17) × 10−18 cm3 molecule−1 s−1, in good agreement with the theoretical rate. The two primary carbonyls formation yields, glyoxal and propanal, were 57 ± 10% and 42 ± 12%, respectively, with OH scavenger compared to 38 ± 8% for glyoxal and 26 ± 5% for propanal without OH scavenger. Acetaldehyde and 2-hydroxypropanal were also identified and quantified with yields of 9 ± 3% and 5 ± 2%, respectively, in the presence of OH scavenger. For the OH production, an upper limit of 24% was estimated using mesitylene as OH tracer. Combining experimental and theoretical findings enabled the establishment of a chemical mechanism. Finally, the SOA formation was observed with mass yields of about 1.5%. This work provides additional information on the effect of the aldehyde functional group on the fragmentation of the primary ozonide.

Genus Primula L. (Primulaceae) is represented in Bulgaria by 8 species. The study is an observation of the whole recent collection of the genus, stored in the Herbarium of Agricultural University – Plovdiv (SOA). The collection consists of 352 herbarium sheets (185 of them from Bulgarian localities), representing 36 species (8 from Bulgaria). The chorological information from the literature and from the herbarium specimens is databased and mapped. Inspite of the relatively low representativeness, the Primula collection of SOA is an important resource for the taxonomical and chorological investigations in this group.

Interoperability plays an important role in Industry 4.0. Interoperability in the engineering process allows the automation of the engineering phase, reducing the human effort involved and the associated engineering costs. It improves the quality of the engineering process and its overall efficiency. Nevertheless, the diversity of available standards, devices, and systems leads to great levels of heterogeneity and makes it difficult to achieve the aforementioned interoperability. As the lack of interoperability increases, a generic solution to the problem is increasingly demanded by the industry. This paper approaches the interoperability problem from a service interface perspective. A novel approach is presented to address service interface heterogeneity. The proposed solution is based on service interface translation, which is achieved via the generation of service interfaces. A new system, the consumer interface generator system, has been designed and implemented to generate interface instances to solve the interoperability mismatches between service consumers and providers at runtime. In this paper, the autonomous consumer interface generation process, the system architecture, and the generated interface instance are described. The proposed approach has been validated through practical experimentation, including the implementation of a system prototype and a testbed.

Робота виконана на 91 сторінках, містить 56 ілюстрацій, 25 таблиці. При підготовці використовувалась література з 10 джерел Актуальність теми Дана дисертація присвячена дослідженню упорядкування взаємодії мікросервісів в рамках патерну service mesh. Оскільки, для побудови сучасних складних інформаційних систем використовується архітектура на базі мікросервісів, що призводить до виникнення додаткових проблемам, які пов’язані з розгортанням та масштабуванням даних додатків, а також з розумінням продуктивності та усунення несправностей. Для подолання цих проблем контейнерів та систем оркестрування контейнерів недостатньо. Актуальність роботи полягає в дослідженні альтернативного засобу подолання проблем, які виникають при розробці, керуванню та моніторингу компонентів, що складають мікросервісний додаток. Для досягнення поставленого завдання було розглянуто поняття патерну сервісної сітки та її архітектуру. Також, було проаналізовано запропонований інструментарій та API для керування можливостями Istio, питання безпеки та керування трафіком, яке відбувається за допомогою сервісної сітки. Для кращого розуміння даного альтернативного підходу до розробки інформаційної системи було виконанно практичне дослідження застовування сервісної сітки Istio при розробці додатка на основі мікросервісної архітектури. Також, у роботі надається інформація про налаштування локального середовища для роботи із сервісною сітки та приклади розгортання мікросервісних додатків в рамках патерну service mesh. Запуск сервісної сітки відбувається на платформі Docker Desktop, що є дуже зручним для використання, оскільки не потребує додаткових затрат та надає основний функціонал для дослідження. Мета та задачі дослідження Метою даної роботи є дослідження упорядкування взаємодії мікросервісів в рамках патерну service mesh. Рішення поставлених завдань та досягнуті результати В ході виконання роботи були досліджені такі поняття як монолітна та мікросервісна архітектури та виявлено основні проблеми, які виникають при переході від однієї архітектури до іншої. Також, було дослідженно особливості патерну сервісної сітки, та, на основі порівняння існуючого інструментарія, для реалізації практичної частини було обрано проєкт Istio як повноцінну реалізацію сервісної сітки. Об’єкт досліджень. Патерн сервісної сітки. Предмет досліджень. Проєкт Istio. Наукова новизна. Наукова новизна роботи полягає в дослідженні альтернативного процесу розробки мікросервісного додатка з використанням сервісної сітки. Практичне значення одержаних результатів. Дану роботу пропонується використовувати в якості методичного матеріалу розробникам програмного забезпечення для ознайомлення з архітектурою та можливостями сервісної сітки та початком роботи із проєктом Istio. Work carried out on 91 pages containing 56 figures, 25 tables. The paper was written with references to 10 sources. Topicality. The paper reviews a detailed study of microservice management with service. mesh pattern. Since an architecture based on microservices is used to build modern information systems, the problems, which are associated with the deployment, scaling, management, and understanding of productivity and troubleshooting, have appeared. To solve these issues, the functionality of tools for containerized applications is not enough. The novelty of the work is to investigate the alternative way of solving the problems that arise during the development, management, and monitoring of the components that make up the information system. Purpose. The aim of this work is experimental research of Istio Service Mesh as a tool for solving major challenges, which often arise in the process of development. Solution. In this work was investigated the main advantages and disadvantages of microservice and monolith architectures. Also, was analysed the idea of service mesh for solving service-to-service communication’s problems, architecture, and its implementation on Istio project. The investigation provides information of tools and API for controlling Istio features, and describes Istio’s solution for the security and traffic . A lot of attention was paid to installation and to testing the functionality possibilities of Istio platform. The object of research. Service mesh pattern. The subject of research. Istio platform. Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of the work is to study the microservice management with service mesh pattern. The practical value of research. The results of research recommended to use as a guide materials for software developers during learning the architecture, possibilities of Istio and how to get started working with this platform.

Робота виконана на 72 сторінках, містить 15 ілюстрацій, 29 таблиці. При підготовці використовувалась література з 7 джерел. Актуальність теми Коли приходить замовник з ідеєю сервісу до розробника чи архітектора, останньому необхідно вибрати відповідну архітектуру, щоб мінімізувати майбутні ризики. Ризики можуть бути пов'язані з фінансами, часом який буде витрачено на розробку необхідністю переписувати все з нуля. Для замовника також важливо мати базові знання, які допоможуть йому визначити компетентність фахівця, до якого він збирається звернутися. У період пандемії світ сильно змінився. Компанії, які раніше й не думали про ведення бізнесу в інтернеті, почали шукати шляхів розвитку в онлайні, адже фізичний контакт стає розкішшю. У зв'язку з цим зросла кількість нових проектів. І тут перед багатьма програмними архітекторами постало питання про вибір архітектури проекту. Адже це фундамент, на якому будуватиметься вся подальша логіка і неправильний вибір на початку може призвести до серйозних проблем на етапі розробки та впровадження бізнес-логіки, а також грошових втрат. Аутсорсові компанії зараз створюють робочі групи, які допомагають замовнику створити каркас нового сервісу в найкоротші терміни. Якщо їм подобається результат, вони передають послуги іншій команді на розробку. У цьому випадку, сервіс за допомогою у прийнятті рішень дуже став у нагоді. Мета та задачі дослідження Метою даної роботи є створення системи, яка буде допомагати розробнику правильно вибрати архітектуру сервісу. Рішення поставлених завдань та досягнуті результати В ході виконання роботи були досліджені такі поняття як мікросервісна, сервіс-орієнтовна і монолітна архітектури. Досліджено методи прийняття рішень в умовах невизначеності. Було спроектовано систему, яка на основі відповідей користувача видає результат у вигляді пропозиції про кращу архітектуру. Взаємодія між користувачем і системою відбувається через Telegram bot, який акумулює в собі відповіді на поставлені питання і в кінці відображає результат роботи системи у вигляді повідомлення з графіками і текстом Об’єкт досліджень Системи підтримки прийняття рішень. Предмет досліджень Алгоритми підтримки прийняття рішень. Наукова новизна Наукова новизна роботи полягає у дослідженні можливості та доцільності використання методів прийняття рішень в умовах невизначеності у галузі проектування систем Практичне значення одержаних результатів Результати дослідження можуть бути корисними при проектуванні нових сервісів. Сервіс буде допомагати зробити виважене рішення і зменшить кількість можливих проблем для розробників у майбутньому. Work carried out on 72 pages containing 15 figures, 29 tables. The paper was written with references to 7 sources. Topicality When a customer comes up with a service idea to a developer or architect, the latter needs to choose the appropriate architecture to minimize future risks. Risks can be associated with finances, the time that will be spent on developing the need to rewrite everything from scratch. It is also important for the customer to have basic knowledge that will help him determine the competence of the specialist to whom he is going to turn. During the pandemic, the world changed a lot. Companies that previously did not think about doing business on the Internet, began to look for ways to develop online, because physical contact is becoming a luxury. In this regard, the number of new projects has increased. And here many software architects were faced with the question of choosing the architecture of the project. After all, this is the foundation on which all further logic will be built and the wrong choice in the beginning can lead to serious problems at the stage of development and implementation of business logic, as well as monetary losses. Outsourcing companies are now creating working groups to help the customer create a framework for a new service in the shortest possible time. If they like the result, they pass the services on to another development team. In this case, the service with help in making decisions has become very useful. Purpose The purpose of this work is to create a system that will help the developer to choose the right service architecture. Solution In the course of the work such concepts as microservice, service-oriented and monolithic architecture were investigated. Methods of decision making in conditions of uncertainty are investigated. A system has been designed that, based on user responses, produces a result in the form of a proposal for a better architecture. The interaction between the user and the system takes place through the Telegram bot, which accumulates the answers to the questions and at the end displays the result of the system in the form of a message with graphics and text. The object of research Decision support systems. The subject of research Decision support algorithms. Scientific novelty The scientific novelty of the work is to study the possibility and feasibility of using decision-making methods in conditions of uncertainty in the field of systems design. The practical value of research The results of the study can be useful in designing new services. The service will help to make an informed decision and reduce the number of possible problems for developers in the future.

This study is the first study that reports the cluster particle (1–3 nm) formation (CPF) in two modern preschools located in Nur-Sultan city of Kazakhstan from October 28 to November 27, 2019. The average particle number concentration and mode diameter values during major CPF events in Preschool I and Preschool II were found to be 1.90 × 106 (SD 6.43 × 106) particles/cm3 and 1.60 (SD 0.85) nm, and 1.11 × 109 (SD 5.46 × 109) particles/cm3 and 2.16 (SD 1.47) nm, respectively. The ultraviolet PM concentration reached as high as 7 μg/m3 in one of the measurement days. The estimated emission rate in Preschool I for CPF events was 9.57 × 109 (SD 1.92 × 109) particles/min. For Preschool II, the emission rate was 7.25 × 109 (SD 12.4 × 109) particles/min. We identified primary cluster particles (CPs) emitted directly from the sources such as candle burning, and secondary CPs formed as a result of the oxidation of indoor VOCs or smoking VOCs. The secondary CPs are likely to be SOA. Indoor VOCs were mainly emitted during cleaning activities as well as during painting and gluing. Indoor VOCs are the controlling factors in the CPF events. Changes in the training and cleaning programs may result in significant reductions in the exposure of the children to CPs.

Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) provides standardised solutions to share services between various security domains. But acces control to services is defined for each domain, and therefore the federation of security domains brings some flexibility to users of the services. To facilitatethe authentication of users, a solution is a federated access control that relies on the identity federation, which allows an user to authenticate once in one domain and to access the services of others according to her authorisation attributes. Since the access control requirements of services are specified using domain-specific authorisation attributes, the secure sharing of services in the federation becomes a real challenge. On the one hand, domains cannot abandon their access control models in favour of a global one; on the other hand, the redefinition of the access control requirements of services compromises the existing service consumers. This article extends our paper at CARI2020; we propose the promotion of services as a method that consists in publishing the services of domains at the federation level by redefining their access control requirements with the federation’s authorisation attributes. Our promotion method relies on mappings between federation’s authorisation attributes and those of domains to preserve existing service consumers and to support domain autonomy.We formally describe interaction and access to promoted services using operational semantics. The promotion method has been implemented with web services technologies., L’architecture orientée services (SOA) fournit des solutions standards pour partager des services entre divers domaines de sécurité. Cependant, le contrôle d’accès aux services est défini au niveau de chaque domaine de sécurité, et par conséquent la fédération des domaines apporte une certaine souplesse aux usagers des services des domaines. Pour faciliter l’authentification des utilisateurs, une solution est le contrôle d’accès fédéré, basé sur la fédération d’identités et qui permet à un utilisateur de s’authentifier une fois dans un domaine et d’accéder aux services des autres en fonction de ses droits et attributs. Malheureusement les exigences de contrôle d’accès des services sont spécifiées à l’aide d’attributs d’autorisation spécifiques au domaine, le partage sécurisé des services dans la fédération devient un véritable défi. Les domaines doivent à la fois être autonomes et interopérables vis-à-vis de la fédération. Cet article étend la version proposée pour CARI2020, nous proposons la promotion des services comme solution consistant à publier les services des domaines au niveau de la fédération en redéfinissant leurs exigences de contrôle d’accès avec les attributs d’autorisation de la fédération. Notre méthode de promotion repose sur des correspondances entre les attributs d’autorisation de la fédération et ceux des domaines pour préserver les clients hors fédération. Nous décrivons formellement l’interaction et l’accès aux services promus en utilisant des règles de sémantique opérationnelle. Une mise en oeuvre de la méthode est proposée par des services Web.

The aim of the research work presented in this thesis is to help software architects in understanding the technical differences between SOA and microservices architectures and exploit some insights while migrating SOA based applications to microservices architecture. In this section, a summary of the contributions is presented., Resumen de la tesis presentada por el autor en el National Institute of Technology Warangal, India para obtener el título de Ph.D in Computer Science., Facultad de Informática

Three combined investigations were conducted to examine the sources of PM2.5 in agricultural areas. The first was the measurement of PM2.5 and gaseous compounds in the greenhouse, which is a relatively closed system, while the second was the analysis of pesticide components used in agricultural areas. Finally, the physical and chemical properties of PM2.5 were analyzed in an orchard area and compared with the results of the greenhouse and agricultural chemical analyses. As a result, this research was able to confirm the source of emission and characteristics of PM2.5 originating from the agricultural area. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in agricultural areas are emitted by agricultural chemicals, and the discharged agricultural chemicals are first absorbed into the soil, and then released into the air by evaporation. Finally, the secondary products of PM2.5 in agricultural areas were estimated to have positive relationships with the VOCs from agricultural chemicals, and NH3 from fertilizers. The photochemical reactions of VOCs and NH3 were responsible for the impact on secondary products.

The current generation of connected devices and the Internet of Things augment people’s capabilities through ambient intelligence. Ambient Intelligence (AmI) support systems contain applications consuming available services in the environment to serve users. A well-known design of these applications follows a service architecture style and implement artificial intelligence mechanisms to maintain an awareness of the context: The service architecture style enables the distribution of capabilities and facilitates interoperability. Intelligence and context-awareness provide an adaptation of the environment to improve the interaction. Smart objects in distributed deployments and the increasing machine awareness of devices and people context also lead us to architectures, including self-governed policies providing self-service. We have systematically reviewed and analyzed ambient system governance considering service-oriented architecture (SOA) as a reference model. We applied a systematic mapping process obtaining 198 papers for screening (out of 712 obtained after conducting searches in research databases). We then reviewed and categorized 68 papers related to 48 research projects selected by fulfilling ambient intelligence and SOA principles and concepts. This paper presents the result of our analysis, including the existing governance designs, the distribution of adopted characteristics, and the trend to incorporate service in the context-aware process. We also discuss the identified challenges and analyze research directions.

We investigated speciation and levels of organosulfates, organosulfonates as well as carboxylic acids in aerosol samples collected during summer (2014) and winter (2014/15) in Xi'an, Northwest China, to improve understanding of composition and sources of organic aerosols in this region heavily affected by air pollution. Organosulfates are formed from reactive gas-phase organic compounds and acidic sulfate aerosols, contributing to secondary organic aerosols, SOA. The aerosol samples show a large diversity in organosulfur species in line with other regions of China, reflecting the high levels and complexity of SOA precursors. In summer samples, organosulfates from isoprene are prevalent due to transport of air masses from southern regions with isoprene-emitting mountain forests. During winter, air masses are local or from areas north of the city with low population density and very low temperatures. The estimated levels of organosulfates and organosulfonates in summer (768 ± 346 ng m−3) and winter samples (938 ± 374 ng m−3) are more similar than expected given the high levels of sulfate and organic carbon in winter, indicating the complexity of organosulfur formation processes. We observed an organosulfonate with molecular weight 214 (C6H14O6S) at high estimated levels (254 ± 232 ng m−3) in winter, but much lower concentrations (12 ± 13 ng m−3) in summer. High levels of organosulfur compounds were mainly observed at aerosol pH below about 2.5. Concentrations of carboxylic acids from oxidation of monoterpenes were low (5.2 ± 2.7 ng m−3 in summer). Phthalic acid was as high as 90 ± 29 ng m−3 during winter and correlated highly with organic carbon, chloride and potassium, indicating a common origin, most likely burning of biomass and plastic-containing waste. Further research is needed to elucidate formation and sources of organosulfates and organosulfonates, as well as the impact on aerosol properties affecting e.g. health effects.