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Purpose: The major plantation crop in India is coffee, which is also a wide application marketed product on the global market. The study's primary objective is to identify and investigate the factors influencing coffee growers and to comprehend the difficulties faced by coffee Cultivators (Planters/growers) in the cultivation of coffee. The sustainability idea places a value on maintaining productive rural systems, using and regulating farm resources, preserving biodiversity, and taking environmental steps to restore soil fertility also to comprehend the programs relating to the Coffee Board's activities, agricultural finance, financial institutions, and the Karnataka & Codagu Planters Association. Design/Methodology/Approach: This review paper examines the review on coffee cultivators using secondary data from journal papers and scholarly research publications. Results/ Findings: There are several challenges faced by coffee producers. The notion of sustainability focuses mostly on conventional agricultural practices for maintaining life, the use and maintenance of agricultural resources, the preservation of biodiversity, and ecological methods to restore soil fertility. Our research shows that there is an absence of information on the how, where, and why of various changes in land use and landscape, as well as how these changes may impact coffee production, farmer livelihoods, ecosystem services, and other facets of sustainable development. These changes could have positive or negative effects on the sustainability of the coffee industry. The farmer faced a number of problems. Due to the Coffee Board's monopoly over the buying and selling of coffee, producers did not be paid fairly. Originality/Value: The focus of this research is to evaluate coffee Cultivators/ growers' access (Planters. List the initiatives that the Karnataka & Codagu Planters Association, financial institutions, the Coffee Board, agricultural financing, and several agricultural banks have implemented for coffee growers. Type of Paper: Review of literature.

We consider monotone inclusions defined on a Hilbert space where the operator is given by the sum of a maximal monotone operator $T$ and a single-valued monotone, Lipschitz continuous, and expectation-valued operator $V$. We draw motivation from the seminal work by Attouch and Cabot on relaxed inertial methods for monotone inclusions and present a stochastic extension of the relaxed inertial forward-backward-forward (RISFBF) method. Facilitated by an online variance reduction strategy via a mini-batch approach, we show that (RISFBF) produces a sequence that weakly converges to the solution set. Moreover, it is possible to estimate the rate at which the discrete velocity of the stochastic process vanishes. Under strong monotonicity, we demonstrate strong convergence, and give a detailed assessment of the iteration and oracle complexity of the scheme. When the mini-batch is raised at a geometric (polynomial) rate, the rate statement can be strengthened to a linear (suitable polynomial) rate while the oracle complexity of computing an $\epsilon$-solution improves to $O(1/\epsilon)$. Importantly, the latter claim allows for possibly biased oracles, a key theoretical advancement allowing for far broader applicability. By defining a restricted gap function based on the Fitzpatrick function, we prove that the expected gap of an averaged sequence diminishes at a sublinear rate of $O(1/k)$ while the oracle complexity of computing a suitably defined $\epsilon$-solution is $O(1/\epsilon^{1+a})$ where $a>1$. Numerical results on two-stage games and an overlapping group Lasso problem illustrate the advantages of our method compared to stochastic forward-backward-forward (SFBF) and SA schemes., Comment: Small clarifications in Section 4.2

We improve truncated differential attacks on t-branch contracting Feistel ciphers with a domain size of Nt. Based on new truncated differentials, a generic distinguisher for t2 + t − 2 rounds using O(Nt−1) data and time is obtained. In addition, we obtain a key-recovery attack on t2 + 1 rounds with Õ(Nt−2) data and Õ(Nt−1) time. Compared to previous results by Guo et al. (ToSC 2016), our attacks cover more rounds with a lower data-complexity. Applications of the generic truncated differential to concrete ciphers include full-round attacks on some instances of GMiMC-crf, and the best-known key-recovery attack on 17 rounds of the Chinese block cipher standard SM4. In addition, we propose an automated search method for truncated differentials using SMT, which is effective even for trails with probability below the probability of the truncated differential for a random permutation.

In this survey, we expound sheaf representations of categories in the context of categorical logic. Namely, we present classifying topoi of coherent theories in terms of equivariant sheaves over a topological groupoid, show a generalization of this technique using localic groupoids and finally expose a representation of Grothendieck topoi as global sections of sheaf. Finally, we apply these techniques to provide a quick glance at logical schemes, a novel theory proposed as the model-theoretic analogue to the schemes of Algebraic Geometry.

The interaction between wind turbine wakes and atmospheric turbulence is characterised by complex dynamics. In this study, two major components of the atmospheric boundary layer dynamics have been isolated, namely, the mean velocity profile shear and the thermal stratification, to examine their impact on the near-wake development by undertaking a series of highly resolved large-eddy simulations. Subsequently, instantaneous flow fields are extracted from the simulations and used to conduct Fourier analysis and proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and compute the mean kinetic energy fluxes by different POD modes to better understand the tip-vortex instability mechanisms. Our findings indicate that shear can significantly affect the breakup of the wind turbine tip-vortices as well as the shape and stable length of the wake, whereas thermal stratification seems to only have limited contribution to the spatial development of the near-wake field. Finally, our analysis shows that the applied perturbation frequency determines the tip-vortex breakup location as it controls the onset of the mutual inductance instability.

Fluid dynamical simulations are often performed using cheap macroscopic models like the Euler equations. For rarefied gases under near-equilibrium conditions, however, macroscopic models are not sufficiently accurate and a simulation using more accurate microscopic models is often expensive. In this paper, we introduce a hierarchical micro-macro acceleration based on moment models that combines the speed of macroscopic models and the accuracy of microscopic models. The hierarchical micro-macro acceleration is based on a flexible four step procedure including a micro step, restriction step, macro step, and matching step. We derive several new micro-macro methods from that and compare to existing methods. In 1D and 2D test cases, the new methods achieve high accuracy and a large speedup.

L’autonomie des apprenants constitue l’une des exigences et des demandes sociales et économico-politiques actuelles à prendre en considération par les systèmes éducatifs actuels. La réforme dite de ‘‘la deuxième génération’’ tend à installer cette compétence transversale chez les apprenants algériens en les impliquant d’avantage dans le processus d’enseignement-apprentissage. Elle s’est couronnée par la proposition de nouveaux manuels scolaires destinés à certains niveaux. L’étude analytique du nouveau manuel de français de la 5ème année primaire a permis de détecter une présence d’un contenu visant le développement de schèmes et d’une autonomie intrinsèque et extrinsèque mais qui restent insuffisants comparativement à la centration dudit manuel sur le savoir. Learners’ autonomy constitutes one of the current requirements and social and politico-economic demands to be taken into consideration by the current educational systems. The reform known as "the second generation" tends to develop this transversal competence in Algerian learners by involving them more in the teaching-learning process. It is crowned by the proposal of new textbooks for certain levels. The analytical study of the new manual of French of the 5th year primary school allowed identifying a presence of a contents aiming at the development of schemes and an intrinsic and extrinsic autonomy but which remain insufficient compared to the centering of this manual on knowledge.

Revealing the time structure of physical or biological objects is usually performed thanks to the tools of signal processing such as the fast Fourier transform, Ramanujan sum signal processing, and many other techniques. For space-time topological objects in physics and biology, we propose a type of algebraic processing based on schemes in which the discrimination of singularities within objects is based on the space-time-spin group SL(2,C). Such topological objects possess an homotopy structure encoded in their fundamental group, and the related SL(2,C) multivariate polynomial character variety contains a plethora of singularities somehow analogous to the frequency spectrum in time structures. Our approach is applied to a model of quantum computing based on an Akbulut cork in exotic R4, to an hyperbolic model of topological quantum computing based on magic states and to microRNAs in genetics. Such diverse topics reveal the manifold of possibilities of using the concept of a scheme spectrum.

Background In recent decades, cities worldwide are increasingly adopting vehicle access policies and technologies to alleviate the negative externalities related to high car use in the urban built environments. As such, car-oriented infrastructures and mobility policies implemented post-World War II are giving way to sustainable mobility strategies that aim to make cities healthier, more livable and more inclusive for all. Purpose Most of these strategies are considered as stand-alone cases related to a specific environmental, political and social urban context. However, similarities and patterns between different strategies can provide information on the replicability of mobility strategies in other urban contexts. Methods Through a literature review, this paper illustrates the wide range of urban vehicle access regulations (UVAR) applied within sustainable mobility strategies. In addition, we critically examine the process from ideation over design and implementation to operation phase for 12 West-European cities and define what measures are combined to end up with a sustainable mobility strategy. Results This results in a taxonomy of UVAR interventions, subdivided in three categories: spatial interventions, pricing aspects and regulatory measures. We also highlight a number of complementary supportive measures implemented to counter the often restrictive nature of UVAR. Results The paper shows that the strategies highlighted in the case studies are an amalgam of different UVAR and supportive measures. As such, deconstructing various sustainable mobility strategies enables us to shed light on the available UVAR options cities can combine to define consistent and robust sustainable mobility strategies.

Organizational communication is vital for high performance. Physical distancing at workplaces and in learning environments calls for redefining communicative strategies for maintaining institutions effective, which entails a paradigmatic shift in management studies. This project explores the po-tential of applying M. Johnson’s image scheme theory for enhancing effective communication in education institutions due to the mindful use of the motivational language. The objective is to reveal the dominant schemes in the educators’ speech and verify predicted perceptions in terms of moti-vational component of schemes charged language. The linguistic aspect is investigated by using conceptual and stylistic analysis method, while the empirical enquiry is made by conducting a sur-vey among members of Borys Grinchenko Kyiv Metropolitan University (BGKU) community. The stepwise procedure includes identifying recurrent schemes in educators’ direct speech; evaluating motivational component of the selected educators’ statements; and revealing prevailing schemes to which respondents react more frequently. It has been established that the language material fea-tures such schemes as UP, LINK, CONTAINMENT, PATH, ENABLEMENT, whereas the respondents react with conceptualising the experimental language content through CENTER-PERIPHERY, UP, LINK, PATH schemes. This provides the insights into the cognitive mechanisms of motivational communication in education domain and gives rise to further studies based on extended observa-tions over the larger scope of experimental language content. The value of the paper is that it sheds light on the state-of-the-art communication within the institution and opens new views on prospective research fields in linguistic domain.

The classical and most common schemes of heating systems are considered; their classification is given, advantages and disadvantages are revealed. Promising solutions have been identified, the implementation of which contributes to saving energy and resources for the heat supply of buildings and structures. Options are presented for both traditional sources of energy generation and innovative ones, such as a thermoelectric generator, an immersion cooling method, etc. Also, attention is paid to the efficient operation of the heating system, regardless of its scheme or the energy received for it. It is proposed to increase resource and energy saving by the widespread introduction of innovative methods of heat supply by carrying out a widespread reconstruction of heating systems.

In this article, we deal with the problem of Hybrid Energy Harvesting control strategies, while paying attention to their properties and suggesting criteria to assess their suitability for specific energy harvesting techniques, as well as their application in different areas of technology—especially Wireless Sensor Networks and the Internet of Things. Many research works have already been published on the topic of combining resources for Energy Harvesting; nevertheless, a comprehensive review of the control strategies for such systems and a comparison of their most important properties is missing. This is the genesis and the main subject of this article. We have performed a deep research investigation of available resources. We have identified eight different control strategies and defined a set of the most important parameters (including their possible ranges/states) as criteria to be able to compare them. The corresponding sections of this article begin with a general description of the respective strategies and their principles (including generalized schemes), which is followed by specific examples of best practices. The key conclusions of the performed analysis are summarized in a comparison table that allows the readers to make their own conclusions and choices.

The levels of education and the ways to teach the limits of function are different in France and in Brazil. However, we make the hypothesis that the schemes developed by students regarding the concept of limit can be compared. In this article, we develop a methodology to analyze the students' schemes involving the concept of limit of function with two aims: to finely analyze the processes of today's students (in France and in Brazil) at the beginning of the learning of this concept and to highlight the evolution of their schemes, taking into account that these two countries are different in terms of the teaching of this concept. Les niveaux de scolarité et les modes d’enseignement des limites de fonction sont différents en France et au Brésil. Nous faisons l’hypothèse que les schèmes développés par les étudiants sur ce concept peuvent cependant être comparés. Nous développons dans cet article une méthodologie pour analyser les schèmes des étudiants sur le concept de limite de fonction avec un double objectif : analyser finement les processus d’étudiants d’aujourd’hui (en France et au Brésil) en début d’apprentissage du concept de limite de fonction et mettre en évidence l’évolution des schèmes dans ces deux pays, différents quant à l’enseignement de ce concept.

In the present work, a spectral solver is developed for integration of certain differential equations of solid mechanics, namely static stress equilibrium in composite materials, described in cylindrical or spherical polar coordinates. The spectral approach is encompassed in approximating the displacement field using expansion into a series of Chebyshev polynomials in the radial coordinate and complex exponents in the angular direction. Consequently, differential operators in real space become algebraic operators in spectral space. The spatial heterogeneity and metric non-flatness pertinent to polar geometry are addressed by an iterative strategy, employing both second-order and first-order iterative solvers. The essence of the new contribution is in addressing the difficulty posed by the inherent nonsmoothness present in composite materials and the polar singularity. The interplay of the two produces instability, which is resolved in the proposed approach, specifically by using a new efficient linesearch algorithm, appropriate for the studied class of problems. The method is illustrated by analysis of 1D and 2D linear-elastic and linear-elastic–perfectly plastic response of composites to prescribed radial surface displacement. The developed method allows performing stress homogenization on polar representative volume elements, which has its conceptual advantages, while allowing similar runtime (for sufficient computing resources and an iterative strategy) to the one exhibited by spectral analysis in Cartesian coordinates.

The article considers the development of territorial recreation systems in united territorial communities as an organization of rational use of natural resources and their protection, taking into account the specific territorial features of the Carpathian region — favorable natural landscapes, health opportunities, etc., У статті розглядається розвиток територіально-рекреаційних систем в об’єднаних територіальних громадах як організація раціонального використання природних ресурсів та їх охорони, враховуючи специфічні територіальні особливості Карпатського регіону — сприятливі природні ландшафти, оздоровчі можливості та ін.

Ovim završnim radom želi se pokazati način izrade automatskog postrojenja na primjeru automatskog postrojenja za punjenje boca. Prikazana je kompleksnost izrade automatskog postrojenja, te kako se detaljno izrađuju 3D modeli svih mehaničkih dijelova u SolidWorks-u, pneumatske sheme u FluidSIM-u, elektro shema u EPLAN-u i programa u LOGO!Softa Comfort V8. This final work aims to show the way of making an automatic plant using the example of an automatic bottle filling plant. The complexity of creating an automatic plant is shown, and how 3D models of all mechanical parts are made in SolidWorks, pneumatic schematics in FluidSIM, electrical schematics in EPLAN and programs in LOGO!Softa Comfort V8.

We develop structure-preserving reduced basis methods for a large class of nondissipative problems by resorting to their formulation as Hamiltonian dynamical systems. With this perspective, the phase space is naturally endowed with a Poisson manifold structure which encodes the physical properties, symmetries, and conservation laws of the dynamics. The goal is to design reduced basis methods for the general state-dependent degenerate Poisson structure based on a two-step approach. First, via a local approximation of the Poisson tensor, we split the Hamiltonian dynamics into an "almost symplectic" part and the trivial evolution of the Casimir invariants. Second, canonically symplectic reduced basis techniques are applied to the nontrivial component of the dynamics, preserving the local Poisson tensor kernel exactly. The global Poisson structure and the conservation properties of the phase flow are retained by the reduced model in the constant-valued case and up to errors in the Poisson tensor approximation in the state-dependent case. A priori error estimates for the solution of the reduced system are established. A set of numerical simulations is presented to corroborate the theoretical findings.

The aim of the present numerical study is to show that the recently developed Alternating Direction Reconstruction Immersed Boundary Method (ADR-IBM) (Giannenas and Laizet in Appl Math Model 99:606–627, 2021) can be used for Fluid–Structure Interaction (FSI) problems and can be combined with an Actuator Line Model (ALM) and a Computer-Aided Design (CAD) interface for high-fidelity simulations of fluid flow problems with rotors and geometrically complex immersed objects. The method relies on 1D cubic spline interpolations to reconstruct an artificial flow field inside the immersed object while imposing the appropriate boundary conditions on the boundaries of the object. The new capabilities of the method are demonstrated with the following flow configurations: a turbulent channel flow with the wall modelled as an immersed boundary, Vortex Induced Vibrations (VIVs) of one-degree-of-freedom (2D) and two-degree-of-freedom (3D) cylinders, a helicopter rotor and a multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle in hover and forward motion. These simulations are performed with the high-order fluid flow solver which is based on a 2D domain decomposition in order to exploit modern CPU-based supercomputers. It is shown that the ADR-IBM can be used for the study of FSI problems and for high-fidelity simulations of incompressible turbulent flows around moving complex objects with rotors.

In this study, we obtain a numerical solution for Fisher's equation using a numerical experiment with three different cases. The three cases correspond to different coefficients for the reaction term. We use three numerical methods namely; Forward-Time Central Space (FTCS) scheme, a Nonstandard Finite Difference (NSFD) scheme, and the Explicit Exponential Finite Difference (EEFD) scheme. We first study the properties of the schemes such as positivity, boundedness, and stability and obtain convergence estimates. We then obtain values of L1 and L∞ errors in order to obtain an estimate of the optimal time step size at a given value of spatial step size. We determine if the optimal time step size is influenced by the choice of the numerical methods or the coefficient of reaction term used. Finally, we compute the rate of convergence in time using L1 and L∞ errors for all three methods for the three cases.

El presente texto es el resultado de un proyecto que busca explicar el concepto de semiótica e identificar sus diferentes componentes teóricos, esto con el fin de llevar a cabo una aplicación en las obras literarias, para extraer de estas su sentido o significación. Para lograrlo será necesario no solo abordar los fundamentos de la disciplina que estudia los signos en general sino, que se diseñan esquemas que desde la semiótica orienten la interpretación del sentido de la narración literaria. Así mismo, el trabajo busca proveer al lector una serie de instrumentos o esquemas semióticos que le ayuden a realizar sus distintos análisis y que consiga explicar el sentido de una obra literaria. This project seeks to explain the concept of semiotics and identify its different theoretical components, carry out an application in literary works, to extract their meaning or significance. For which it will be necessary, not only to approach the fundamentals of the discipline that studies sign in general but also to design schemes that from semiotics guide the interpretation of the meaning of literary narration. Likewise, this project seeks to provide the reader with a series of semiotic instruments or schemes that will help him to carry out his different analyses and to explain the meaning of a text objectively. Pregrado

Магістерська дисертація на здобуття ступеня магістра за освітньо-науковою програмою підготовки на тему «Система теплозабезпечення житлового будинку з використанням водневого палива»: 83 с., 34 рис., 8 табл, 24 джерела. Об’єкт дослідження – система теплозабезпечення житлового будинку. Мета роботи – підвищення екологічних показників енерговиробництва та зменшення собівартості теплозабезпечення житлового будинку за рахунок використання екологічно чистого водневого палива. Робота присвячена визначенню оптимальних умов теплозабезпечення житлового будинку з реальними конструктивними огороджувальними характеристиками та властивостями термічного опору будинку за допомогою контактного водневого теплогенератора, визначено переваги та недоліки основних видів та обрано новий теплогенератор типу ТВАК. Проведений огляд особливостей водню, класифікації методів і устаткування водню та визначення основних понять спалювання водню, дозволили визначити основне обладнання для генерування водню. В якості генератора водню із стабільними характеристиками та високим рівнем надійності в даній роботі використано електролізер. На підставі розрахованих теплових навантажень було визначено необхідну величину теплової потужності джерела для теплозабезпечення будинку, розроблено теплову схему, виконано підбір основного та допоміжного обладнання з відновлювальних джерел енергії для енергозабезпечення електролізера (вітрогенератор та сонячні панелі), розроблено принципову теплову схему теплозабезпечення будинку та живлення джерела генерування водню. За допомогою створеної математичної моделі у програмному середовищі SOLIDWORKS здійснене моделювання теплових та аеродинамічних характеристик у топковій камері теплогенератора. Виконано розрахунок променевого та конвективного теплообміну, визначені конструктивні особливості та аеродинамічні характеристики мікрофакельного пальника для спалювання водню у топковій камері контактного теплогенератора ТВАК, проведено техніко-економічний розрахунок системи теплозабезпечення будинку з використанням ТВАК в порівнянні з газовим та електрокотлом. Передбачені заходи з охорони праці. КЛЮЧОВІ СЛОВА: теплозабезпечення, контактний теплогенератор, моделювання, водень, схеми, обладнання, економічні розрахунки Master's dissertation for a master's degree in the educational-scientific training program on "Heating system of a residential building using hydrogen fuel": 83 pp., 34 figures, 8 tables, 15 sources. The object of research is the heating system of a residential building. The purpose of the work is to increase the environmental performance of energy production and reduce the cost of heat supply of a residential building through the use of environmentally friendly hydrogen fuel. The work is devoted to determining the optimal conditions of heat supply of a residential building with real structural fencing characteristics and thermal resistance properties of the house using a contact hydrogen heat generator, identified the advantages and disadvantages of the main types and selected a new heat generator type TVAC. The review of hydrogen characteristics, classification of hydrogen methods and equipment and definition of basic concepts of hydrogen combustion allowed to determine the basic equipment for hydrogen generation. An electrolyzer was used in this work as a hydrogen generator with stable characteristics and a high level of reliability. Based on the calculated heat loads, the required heat capacity of the source for heat supply of the house was determined, the heat scheme was developed, the selection of main and auxiliary equipment from renewable energy sources for power supply of the cell (wind turbine and solar panels) was developed. hydrogen. With the help of the created mathematical model in the SOLIDWORKS software environment the modeling of thermal and aerodynamic characteristics in the combustion chamber of the heat generator is carried out. The calculation of radiant and convective heat exchange is performed, the design features and aerodynamic characteristics of the flare burner for hydrogen combustion in the combustion chamber of the TVAK contact heat generator are determined, the technical and economic calculation of the house heating system using TVAC in comparison with gas and electric boiler. Occupational safety measures are envisaged. KEY WORDS: heat supply, contact heat generator, modeling, hydrogen, schemes, equipment, economic calculations

Finitely many agents have preferences on a finite set of alternatives, single-peaked with respect to a connected graph with these alternatives as vertices. A probabilistic rule assigns to each preference profile a probability distribution over the alternatives. First, all unanimous and strategy-proof probabilistic rules are characterized when the graph is a tree. These rules are uniquely determined by their outcomes at those preference profiles at which all peaks are on leaves of the tree and, thus, extend the known case of a line graph. Second, it is shown that every unanimous and strategy-proof probabilistic rule is random dictatorial if and only if the graph has no leaves. Finally, the two results are combined to obtain a general characterization for every connected graph by using its block tree representation.

Tourism in India has evolved considerably during the last decade, and Bengal as a state has performed considerably well for the growth of tourism. Tourism in Bengal has not only contributed to the growth of the economy in the state of Bengal but has developed the state's remote area which has now turned into a key tourist spot. One such area is the region of Digha in the Purba Medinipur district of West Bengal, and it has turned out to be the most popular sea resort in West Bengal. The Digha Sankarpur Development Authority has taken key measures to develop tourism in Digha. The basic objective of this paper will be to determine the standard of living among the people of Digha who are associated with tourism after the various schemes to promote tourism by the state government. We have used ordinal regression analysis as most of our data were qualitative in nature and interpretation was done accordingly for the results obtained. Through our findings, we have tried to bring out the various problems associated with tourism in Digha along with the suggestions to improve it.

In modern cities, decision-making in urban planning activity is related with the analysis and processing of a large amount of data describing the state of all urban subsystems, which involves the participation of specialists in many fields of science and practice. Today, these tasks are performed in a scientific way, based on experience and qualification. The main objective of the CRISALIDE project is the development of a decision support system for urban environment management. It is envisaged to be used by representatives of state authorities and local governments, enterprises and local organizations, as well as by individuals working in fields like sustainable development, social innovation, information or communication technologies. Modern methods and geo-information systems are used to improve efficiency of urban management and to reduce the planning costs at different levels. The expected result when achieving the main objective of the project is the IDMT tool (Integrated Decision Making Tool), an online platform based on IGIS (Intelligent Geographic Information Systems), which aims to support local authorities from the city of Rostov-on-Don (Russia) in order to streamline the urban management and to reduce redundant planning costs.

Within the finite element community, discontinuous Galerkin (DG) and mixed finite element methods have become increasingly popular in simulating geophysical flows. However, robust and efficient solvers for the resulting saddle-point and elliptic systems arising from these discretizations continue to be an on-going challenge. One possible approach for addressing this issue is to employ a method known as hybridization, where the discrete equations are transformed such that classic static condensation and local post-processing methods can be employed. However, it is challenging to implement hybridization as performant parallel code within complex models, whilst maintaining separation of concerns between applications scientists and software experts. In this paper, we introduce a domain-specific abstraction within the Firedrake finite element library that permits the rapid execution of these hybridization techniques within a code-generating framework. The resulting framework composes naturally with Firedrake's solver environment, allowing for the implementation of hybridization and static condensation as runtime-configurable preconditioners via the Python interface to PETSc, petsc4py. We provide examples derived from second order elliptic problems and geophysical fluid dynamics. In addition, we demonstrate that hybridization shows great promise for improving the performance of solvers for mixed finite element discretizations of equations related to large-scale geophysical flows., Comment: Revisions for submission to GMD

В статье содержится попытка проанализировать трансформацию в структуре нормативов по проектированию медицинских учреждений, особое внимание уделено функциональным и технологическим схемам. Выявлена важность создания нормализованных решений, которые могут быть наглядно представлены в графическом виде., An attempt is made to analyze the transformation in the structure of standards for the design of medical institutions, special attention is paid to functional and technological schemes. The importance of creating normalized solutions that can be graphically presented is revealed.

Тема выпускной квалификационной работы: «Платформа конденсации воды из влажного морского Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð´ÑƒÑ Ð° для снабжения пресной водой Ð¿Ñ€Ð¸Ð¼Ð¾Ñ€ÑÐºÐ¸Ñ Ð³Ð¾Ñ€Ð¾Ð´Ð¾Ð² и поселений». Данная работы посвящена поиску решений для построения платформы конденсации атмосферной влаги в Ð¿Ñ€Ð¾Ð¼Ñ‹ÑˆÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ‹Ñ Ð¼Ð°ÑÑˆÑ‚Ð°Ð±Ð°Ñ . Проанализирована информация об Ð¸Ð·Ð²ÐµÑÑ‚Ð½Ñ‹Ñ Ñ€ÐµÑˆÐµÐ½Ð¸ÑÑ Ð² области конденсации атмосферной влаги. Проведен поиск и анализ ÑÐ¾Ð²Ñ€ÐµÐ¼ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ‹Ñ Ð¸ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¹ по данной теме. Предложен принцип построения платформы конденсации вод. Разработана конструктивная ÑÑ ÐµÐ¼Ð° установки конденсации. В соответствии с представленным принципом, предложено две конструктивные модели установки, а также решения по выбору Ð¸Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð»ÐµÐºÑ‚ÑƒÑŽÑ‰Ð¸Ñ ÑÐ»ÐµÐ¼ÐµÐ½Ñ‚Ð¾Ð². На основании консультации с НПО «Агростройсервис» сделаны выводы об эффективности Ð¿Ñ€ÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ‹Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»ÐµÐ¹, оценена ее стоимость реализации, составляющая 50-70 млн. рублей. Для выбранной модели определены основные Ñ‚ÐµÑ Ð½Ð¸Ñ‡ÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ðµ параметры установки. Предложенная платформа конденсации позволяет получить 1400 т конденсата в сутки при потребляемой мощности 650 кВт, что значительно превышает производительность Ð¸Ð·Ð²ÐµÑÑ‚Ð½Ñ‹Ñ Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð¾Ð². Представленный проект может послужить основой для дальнейшего проектирования и создания опытно-промышленной установки конденсации атмосферной влаги., The subject of the graduate qualification work is "A platform for the condensation of water from moist sea air for the supply of fresh water to coastal cities and settlements". This work is devoted to the search for solutions for building an atmospheric moisture condensation platform on an industrial scale. The information about known solutions in condensation of atmospheric moisture is analyzed. A search and analysis of modern research on this topic has been carried out. The principle of constructing a water condensation platform is proposed. A design scheme of the condensation platform has been developed. In accordance with the presented principle, two design models of the platform are proposed, as well as the selection of their component elements. Based on the consultation with the NGO "Agrostroyservice", conclusions were drawn about the effectiveness of the proposed models, its cost of implementation was estimated at 50-70 million rubles. The main technical parameters of the platform have been determined for the selected model. The proposed condensation platform makes it possible to obtain 1400 tons of condensate per day with a power consumption of 650 kW, which significantly exceeds the performance of known analogues. The presented project can serve as a basis for further design and creation of a pilot plant for condensation of atmospheric moisture.

Тема выпускной квалификационной работы: «Дизайн робота спасателя на воде».Целью работы:Чтобы защитить жизни спасателей, повысить вероятность ÑƒÑÐ¿ÐµÑ Ð° спасения Ñ‚Ð¾Ð½ÑƒÑ‰Ð¸Ñ Ð»ÑŽÐ´ÐµÐ¹ и сократить время, Ð½ÐµÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ð¼Ð¾Ðµ для спасения.Задачи, которые решались в Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ðµ исследования:1. Проанализировать существующие корпуса роботов-спасателей и попытаться изучить преимущества и недостатки аналогов.2. Определить направление дизайна и обобщить дизайнерские идеи3. Придумал органичное сочетание функции и структуры.4. Разработать функциональную 3D-модельНовизна работы:Автоматизированные роботы могут заменить спасателей в Ð¿Ð¾Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ‹Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð´Ð°Ñ‡Ð°Ñ , а в случае Ð²Ð½ÐµÐ·Ð°Ð¿Ð½Ñ‹Ñ Ð±ÐµÐ´ÑÑ‚Ð²Ð¸Ð¹ обеспечить безопасность жизни спасателей.Пушка, пульт дистанционного управления и спасательный робот образуют систему, которая значительно сокращает время, Ð½ÐµÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ð¼Ð¾Ðµ для спасения, и повышает эффективность спасения., The theme of the final qualifying work: "Design of a lifeguard robot on the water."Purpose of work:To protect the lives of rescuers, improve the success rate of rescuing drowning people, and reduce the time needed for rescue.Tasks that were solved in the course of the study:1. Analyze the existing cases of rescue robots and try to study the advantages and disadvantages of analogues.2. Define design direction and summarize design ideas3. Came up with an organic combination of function and structure.4. Develop a functional 3D modelNovelty of work:1. Automated robots can replace lifeguards in marching tasks, and in the event of sudden disasters, ensure the safety of the lives of rescuers.2. The gun, remote control and rescue robot form a system that greatly reduces the time required for rescue and improves rescue efficiency.

Nous présentons une recherche qualitative sur les processus créatifs en Arts Visuels en ayant la thématique du développement durable. Notre but était d’identifier les schèmes utilisés par les sujets face aux activités de transformation de canettes de déodorant en sculptures de fleurs. Pour ce faire, nous avons proposé 12 ateliers à quatre enseignants brésiliens de l’éducation primaire où nous avons pu suivre leurs processus créatifs. On utilisa la Théorie des Champs Conceptuels en tant que cadre théorique. On a trouvé forte corrélation entre les expériences précédentes des sujets et la façon dont chaque participant manipule ses outils, c’est- à-dire, on a pu vérifier l’ampliation du schème de coupage pour abréger la nouvelle technique de recyclage.

This paper evaluates the risk of zombification of the French economy during the sanitary crisis, as a result of the unconditional financial support provided to firms by public authorities. We develop a simple theoretical framework based on a partial-equilibrium model to simulate the liquidity and solvency stress faced by a large panel of French firms and assess the impact of government support measures. Simulation results suggest that those policies helped healthy but illiquid firms to withstand the shock caused by the pandemic. Moreover, the analysis finds no evidence of a "zombification effect", as government support has not disproportionately benefited less productive companies.

В статье обсуждается роль памяти в структуре текста. В данном случае делается ссылка на теоретические результаты исследований выдающихся психолингвистов. В частности, рассматриваются взгляды Л.С. Выготского и А.Н. Леонтьева на память. В статье показано, что наши знания и культура сохраняются не в языке, а в долговременной памяти, в которой сохраняется сам язык. В сознании человека знания находятся в форме рамок, схем. Язык и речь взаимосвязаны в процессе образования текста. Если мы забыли или испытываем трудности с запоминанием события или объекта при составлении текста, можно восстановить его и подготовить информацию, запомнив знак этого объекта или определенной части события. Роль языка в такие моменты тоже велика. Таким образом, формирование текстовой информации во внутренней речи завершается. Приобретение каких-либо знаний при выводе текста обязательно связано с фактором актуализации., This article discusses the role of memory in the structure of text. In this case, reference is made to the theoretical results of research by outstanding psycholinguists. In particular, the views of L.S. Vygotsky and A.N. Leontiev as a keepsake. The article shows that our knowledge and culture are stored not in the language, but in long-term memory, in which the language itself is preserved. In the mind of a person, knowledge is in the form of frames, schemes. Language and speech are interconnected in the process of text formation. If we have forgotten or have difficulty remembering an event or object when composing a text, we can restore it and prepare information by remembering the sign of this object or a certain part of the event. The role of language in such moments is also great. Thus, the formation of textual information in internal speech is completed. The acquisition of any knowledge when displaying text is necessarily associated with the actualization factor., Межвузовский тематический научный сборник "Актуальные проблемы гуманитарных наук", Выпуск 4-2021 2022, Pages 123-129

Тема выпускной квалификационной работы: «Дизайн - проект складского робота». Данная работа посвящена созданию ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ñ†ÐµÐ¿Ñ‚ÑƒÐ°Ð»ÑŒÐ½Ñ‹Ñ , ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÑ‚Ñ€ÑƒÐºÑ‚Ð¸Ð²Ð½Ñ‹Ñ , формо-ÑÑ‚Ð¸Ð»ÐµÐ²Ñ‹Ñ Ñ€ÐµÑˆÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¹ для ÑÐºÐ»Ð°Ð´ÑÐºÐ¸Ñ Ñ€Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ñ‚Ð¾Ð².Задачи, которые решались при создании  складского робота:1.Определите современные тенденции в дизайне ÑÐºÐ»Ð°Ð´ÑÐºÐ¸Ñ Ñ€Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ñ‚Ð¾Ð².2.В конструкции изделия учтены имеющиеся аналогичные дефекты.3.Конструкция ÑÐºÐ»Ð°Ð´ÑÐºÐ¸Ñ Ñ€Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ñ‚Ð¾Ð² должна отвечать требованиям безопасности, надежности, экономичности и красоты4.Выбор общего материала изделия.5.Создайте визуальный образ продукта с учетом реальной рабочей среды.В данной работе представлено введение в выбранную тему и проведен анализ аналогов ÑÑƒÑ‰ÐµÑÑ‚Ð²ÑƒÑŽÑ‰Ð¸Ñ ÑÐºÐ»Ð°Ð´ÑÐºÐ¸Ñ Ñ€Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ñ‚Ð¾Ð² в Китае и за рубежом.Выявлены актуальные проблемы и основные Ñ‚ÐµÑ Ð½Ð¸Ñ‡ÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ðµ требования в процессе проектирования выбранного объекта.Поиск ÑÐ¾Ð·Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ‹Ñ 3D моделей и Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ñ‹Ñ Ñ€ÐµÑˆÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¹.Предварительный проведен поиск по разработке Ð¾Ñ‚Ð´ÐµÐ»ÑŒÐ½Ñ‹Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð¾Ð½ÐµÐ½Ñ‚Ð¾Ð² всего товарного комплекса.Дизайн-проект содержит изготовление 3d модели складского робота,разработку цветового решения,эргономики и т.д.и фирменного стиля изделия.И анимация 3d модели.В Ñ‚ÐµÑ Ð½Ð¸Ñ‡ÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð¹ части проекта представлена â€‹â€‹ÑÑ ÐµÐ¼Ð° сборки объекта, принцип работы и структурная ÑÑ ÐµÐ¼Ð° Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð½Ñ‹Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÑƒÐ»ÐµÐ¹., Theme of the final qualification work: "Design project of a warehouse robot". This work is devoted to the creation of conceptual, constructive, shape and style solutions for warehouse robots. Tasks that were solved when creating a warehouse robot:1. Identify current trends in the design of warehouse robots.2. The design of the product takes into account existing similar defects.3. The design of warehouse robots must meet the requirements of safety, reliability, economy and beauty4. Choice of the general material of the product.5.Create a visual image of the product based on the actual working environment.  This paper provides an introduction to the chosen topic and an analysis of analogues of existing warehouse robots in China and abroad. Actual problems and main technical requirements in the design process of the selected object are identified. Search for created 3D models and possible solutions. product complex. The design project includes the production of a 3d model of a warehouse robot, the development of a color scheme, ergonomics, etc. and the corporate identity of the product. And the animation of the 3d model.The technical part of the project presents the assembly scheme of the object, the principle of operation and the block diagram of the main modules.

Relevance: Humanity has suffered from devastating cholera outbreaks from time to time throughout its history. All cholera pandemics spread around the world from the Ganges Valley, where the disease has been well known since antiquity. Climatic and geographical features, such as constant heat, pollution of river waters and mass congestion of people near rivers during ceremonies like Kumbha mela, contributed to the spread of the disease across the Indian subcontinent. There are many infections known from history that threatened civilization with even greater force, one of them is cholera. India is one of the tropical countries due to its high population, intestinal diseases are one of the problems faced by the health sector. The state has developed effective measures together with health officials to prevent outbreaks and control the most common intestinal infections. On the one hand, the dense population and on the other hand, the climatic and geographical features of the countries of India present some difficulties in the prevention and prevention of a number of infections. In this country, the most common diseases are amoebiasis, colitis, salmonellosis, typhoid fever, parasitic infections ascariasis, giardiasis and cholera, despite the preventive actions of the government. In 2010,2011 and 2019, there were high outbreaks of cholera in Tamil Nadu due to the fact that Tamil Nadu is highly susceptible to cyclones and floods, as a result of which many stagnant reservoirs have become a breeding ground for water-borne diseases such as cholera. Cholera outbreaks have recently become less frequent due to measures taken by the Government of Tamil Nadu. However, in 2010,2011, and 2019-year outbreaks require more thorough analysis and surveys to prevent further spread of infection. The population of the state is 721 47 030 people. Diarrheal diseases were common every year in India, where in the state of Tamil Nadu, Villupuram district, there is no total. Of the 163841 reported in 2019, this was one of the highest rates. In the period from 2010 to 2012 (for research purposes, the decade from 2010 to 2020 was taken for cross-examination), the incidence of cholera was the highest, until 2018, a total of 194 cases were registered. In 2019, there was a sudden outbreak of 293 cases in Tamilnadu due to severe floods in India.

Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit den Herausforderungen des Alltags alleinerziehender Mütter und wie diese mit Hilfe von Schutzfaktoren bewältigt werden können. Die tiefenhermeneutische Analyse eines Einzelinterviews mit einer alleinerziehenden Mutter soll folgender Forschungsfrage auf den Grund gehen: „In welcher Weise erleben alleinerziehende Mütter ihren Alltag mit dem Kind und welche protektiven Faktoren sind dabei auszumachen?“ Unter Einbeziehung der Theorien der Triangulierung und der Schemata nach Daniel Stern soll die empirische Untersuchung Aufschluss geben, wie alleinerziehende Mütter mit ihrem Alltag zurechtkommen und welche Hilfestellungen beziehungsweise Unterstützungssysteme diese zur Verfügung haben. Zudem werden elementarpädagogische Konsequenzen formuliert, um alleinerziehende Mütter und ihre Kinder im Kindergarten unterstützen zu können. The present work deals with the challenges of the everyday life of single mothers and how these can be mastered with the help of protective factors. The in-depth hermeneutic analysis of a one-on-one interview with a single mother is intended to get to the bottom of the following research question: "In what way do single mothers experience their everyday life with the child and which protective factors can be identified?" Taking into account the theories of triangulation and schemes according to Daniel Stern, the empirical study is intended to shed light on how single mothers cope with their everyday lives and what assistance or support systems they have at their disposal. In addition, elementary educational consequences are formulated in order to be able to support single mothers and their children in kindergarten.

Stabilized Runge-Kutta methods are especially efficient for the numerical solution of large systems of stiff nonlinear differential equations because they are fully explicit. For semi-discrete parabolic problems, for instance, stabilized Runge-Kutta methods overcome the stringent stability condition of standard methods without sacrificing explicitness. However, when stiffness is only induced by a few components, as in the presence of spatially local mesh refinement, their efficiency deteriorates. To remove the crippling effect of a few severely stiff components on the entire system of differential equations, we derive a modified equation, whose stiffness solely depend on the remaining mildly stiff components. By applying stabilized Runge-Kutta methods to this modified equation, we then devise an explicit multirate Runge-Kutta-Chebyshev (mRKC) method whose stability conditions are independent of a few severely stiff components. Stability of the mRKC method is proved for a model problem, whereas its efficiency and usefulness are demonstrated through a series of numerical experiments., Comment: With respect to the previous version: Added a new numerical experiment where the mRKC method (first-order) is compared against a second-order RKC method and implicit Euler method on a nonlinear problem

Let R be a discrete valuation ring, with field of fractions K and residue field k of characteristic p > 0. Given a finite flat and commutative group scheme G over K and a smooth projective curve C over K with a rational point, we study in this thesis the extension of pointed fppf G-torsors over C to pointed torsors over a regular model of C over R. We already know that an fppf extension of the torsor doesn't always exist. Therefore, we look for a solution in a larger category, namely the category of logarithmic torsors. We prove that extending a G-torsor into a log flat torsor amounts to finding a finite flat model of G over R, for which a certain group scheme morphism to the Jacobian J of the curve extends to the Néron model of J. Assuming that this condition is satisfied, we shall see that we get to an already well-known criterion in the literature for the torsor to admit an fppf extension.In a second step, by generalizing a result by Chiodo, we give a criterion for the r-torsion subgroup of the Néron model of J to be a finite flat group scheme, and this yields interesting examples of commutative group schemes satisfying the criterium of our main theorem. Finally, the last part of this thesis is devoted to the study of some examples of extension of torsors. Let's give an hyperelliptic curve over Q depending on some prime number p and whose Jacobian contains a subgroup isomorphic to (Z/pZ)². This last property implies the data of a mu²p-torsor over the curve. To begin with, we construct a regular model of the curve above Zl, for some prime number l. Then, we will see if the previous torsor extends over this model. For various values of l, we will see two different cases, where in the first one the initial torsor extends into an fppf torsor over the regular model constructed, while in the second one, the torsor admits a logarithmic extension but not an fppf one.; Soit R un anneau de valuation discrète, de corps de fractions K et de corps résiduel k de caractéristique p > 0. Étant donné un K-schéma en groupes fini plat et commutatif G et une K-courbe lisse et projective C munie d'un point rationnel, on étudie dans cette thèse le prolongement des G-torseurs fppf pointés sur C en torseurs pointés sur un R-modèle régulier de la courbe sur R. Comme on sait que le problème n'a pas toujours de solution dans la catégorie des torseurs fppf, on cherche une solution dans une catégorie plus large, à savoir celle des torseurs logarithmiques. On montre en particulier que le prolongement d'un G-torseur fppf en un torseur log plat se ramène à trouver un R-modèle fini et plat de G, pour lequel un certain morphisme de schémas en groupes dans la Jacobienne J de la courbe se prolonge sur le modèle de Néron de cette dernière. En supposant cette condition satisfaite, on retrouve un critère déjà bien connu de la littérature pour qu'un prolongement fppf existe. Dans un second temps, en généralisant un résultat de Chiodo, on donne un critère pour que le sous-groupe de r-torsion du modèle de Néron de la Jacobienne soit fini et plat sur R. En particulier, cela fournit des exemples intéressants de schémas en groupes commutatifs pour lesquels le critère de notre théorème principal s'applique. Enfin, la dernière partie de cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude d'exemples de prolongements de torseurs. On se donne une courbe hyperelliptique sur Q, dépendant d'un nombre premier p, et dont la Jacobienne contient un sous-groupe isomorphe à (Z/pZ)². Cette dernière propriété implique la donnée d'un mu²p-torseur sur la courbe. On construira pour commencer un modèle régulier de la courbe au-dessus de Zl, pour un certain nombre premier l. Ensuite, on se demandera si le torseur précédent se prolonge sur ce modèle. Pour différentes valeurs de l, on traitera différents exemples qui donneront dans certains cas un prolongement fppf du torseur initial et dans d'autres, un prolongement logarithmique ne provenant pas d'un torseur fppf.

The explicit split-operator algorithm is often used for solving the linear and nonlinear time-dependent Schr\"{o}dinger equations. However, when applied to certain nonlinear time-dependent Schr\"{o}dinger equations, this algorithm loses time reversibility and second-order accuracy, which makes it very inefficient. Here, we propose to overcome the limitations of the explicit split-operator algorithm by abandoning its explicit nature. We describe a family of high-order implicit split-operator algorithms that are norm-conserving, time-reversible, and very efficient. The geometric properties of the integrators are proven analytically and demonstrated numerically on the local control of a two-dimensional model of retinal. Although they are only applicable to separable Hamiltonians, the implicit split-operator algorithms are, in this setting, more efficient than the recently proposed integrators based on the implicit midpoint method.

There are rich and vast genetic resources of indigenous pig breeds in the world. Currently, great attention is paid to either crossbreeding or conservation of these indigenous pig breeds, and insufficient attention is paid to the combination of conservation and breeding along with their long-term effects on genetic diversity. Therefore, the objective of this study is to compare the long-term effects of using conventional conservation and optimal contribution selection methods on genetic diversity and genetic gain. A total of 11 different methods including conventional conservation and optimal contribution selection methods were investigated using stochastic simulations. The long-term effects of using these methods were evaluated in terms of genetic diversity metrices such as expected heterozygosity (He) and the rate of genetic gain. The results indicated that the rates of true inbreeding in these conventional conservation methods were maintained at around 0.01. The optimal contribution selection methods based either on the pedigree (POCS) or genome (GOCS) information showed more genetic gain than conventional methods, and POCS achieved the largest genetic gain. Furthermore, the effect of using GOCS methods on most of the genetic diversity metrics was slightly better than the conventional conservation methods when the rate of true inbreeding was the same, but this also required more sires used in OCS methods. According to the rate of true inbreeding, there was no significant difference among these conventional methods. In conclusion, there is no significant difference in different ways of selecting sows on inbreeding when we use different conventional conservation methods. Compared with conventional methods, POCS method could achieve the most genetic gain. However, GOCS methods can not only achieve higher genetic gain, but also maintain a relatively high level of genetic diversity. Therefore, GOCS is a better choice if we want to combine conservation and breeding in actual production in the conservation farms.

Articles in Advance; International audience; A high-order spectral difference flow solver is used to perform direct numerical simulations (DNS) of a hypersonic laminar boundary layer on an ultrasonically absorptive coating (UAC), in order to analyze the stabilizing effects of such a material on the laminar–turbulent transition. The UAC is modeled in the simulations by a time-domain impedance boundary condition, which is calibrated to replicate the acoustic response of the UAC over a broad spectral range. The frequency-dependence damping effectiveness is investigated, as are any other side effects the porous coating might have on the mean flow. It is found that the second-mode instability, which dominates the high-Mach number flow regime, is strongly suppressed for all excitation frequencies considered. The DNS solutions are also found to compare favorably with linearized stability theory. Finally, a side effect of the UAC is the modification of the medium dispersive properties and the change of the perturbation group velocity.

We present results of Large-eddy simulations (LES) modeling of steady sheet and unsteady cloud cavitation on a two-dimensional hydrofoil which are validated against Particle image velocimetry (PIV) data. The study is performed for the angle of attack of 9° and high Reynolds numbers ReC of the order of 106 providing a strong adverse pressure gradient along the surface. We employ the Schnerr–Sauer and Kunz cavitation models together with the adaptive mesh refinement in critical flow regions where intensive phase transitions occur. Comparison of the LES and visualization results confirms that the flow dynamics is adequately reproduced in the calculations. To correctly match averaged velocity distributions, we propose a new methodology based on conditional averaging of instantaneous velocity fields measured by PIV which only provides information on the liquid phase. This approach leads to an excellent overall agreement between the conditionally averaged fields of the mean velocity and turbulence intensity obtained experimentally and numerically. The benefits of second-order discretization schemes are highlighted as opposed to the lower-order TVD scheme.

V nalogi obravnavamo teorijo (čistih) motivov, ki domnevno služi kot univerzalna kohomološka teorija v algebraični geometriji. Uvodoma se spomnimo osnovnih (Weilovih) kohomoloških teorij in motiviramo vpeljavo teorije motivov. V drugem poglavju pričnemo s ponovitvijo osnovne homološke algebre, kjer vpeljemo pojme kot so aditivna, psevdo-abelova in abelova kategorija. Tretje in četrto poglavje je namenjeno teoriji Tannaka kategorij, v četrtem poglavju jo spoznamo s stališča teorije skladov. V petem poglavju preko teorije algebraičnih ciklov vpeljemo pojem (čistega) motiva in dokažemo Jannsenov izrek o polenostavnosti kategorije numeričnih (čistih) motivov. In this Master's thesis we are concerned with the theory of (pure) motives, which is conjectured to serve as a universal or absolute cohomology theory in algebraic geometry. We begin with a reminder of the classical (Weil) cohomology theories for smooth projective varieties and give hints as to why we should believe that a theory of motives exists. In Chapter $2$, we recall some basic homological algebra, in particular we introduce the notions of additive, pseudo-abelian and abelian categories. We then discuss the theory of Tannakian categories in Chapters $3$ and $4$, where in Chapter 4 we consider the Tannakian theory from the viewpoint of stacks. In Chapter 5 we define the category of pure motives using the theory of algebraic cycles and prove Jannsen's theorem on the semi-simplicity of the category of numerical (pure) motives.

This paper deals with the fractional generalization of the integro-differential diffusion-wave equation for the Heisenberg sub-Laplacian, with homogeneous Bitsadze-Samarskii type time-nonlocal conditions. For the considered problem, we show the existence, uniqueness and the explicit representation formulae for the solution.

A stochastic algorithm is presented for a class of optimisation problems that arise when a group of agents compete to share a single constrained resource in an optimal manner. The approach uses intermittent single-bit feedback, which indicates a constraint violation and does not require inter-agent communication. The algorithm is based on a positive matrix model of AIMD, which is extended to the nonhomogeneous Markovian case. The key feature is the assignment of back-off probabilities to the individual agents as a function of the past average access to the resource. This leads to a nonhomogeneous Markov chain in an extended state space, and we show almost sure convergence of the average access to the social optimum.

We consider the pricing of American-type basket derivatives by numerically solving a partial differential equation (PDE). The curse of dimensionality inherent in basket derivative pricing is circumvented by using the theory of comonotonicity. We start with deriving a PDE for the European-type comonotonic basket derivative price, together with a unique self-financing hedging strategy. We show how to use the results for the comonotonic market to approximate American-type basket derivative prices for a basket with correlated stocks. Our methodology generates American basket option prices which are in line with the prices obtained via the standard Least-Square Monte-Carlo approach. Moreover, the numerical tests illustrate the performance of the proposed method in terms of computation time, and highlight some deficiencies of the standard LSM method. ispartof: Quantitative Finance vol:19 issue:10 pages:1689-1704 status: published

We introduce a standardized procedure for benchmarking shock-capturing schemes which is intended to go beyond traditional case-by-case analysis, by setting objective metrics for cross-comparison of flow solvers. The main idea is that use of shock-capturing schemes yields both distributed errors associated with propagation of wave-like disturbances in smooth flow regions, and localized errors at shocks where nonlinear numerical mechanisms are most active. Our standardized error evaluation framework relies on previous methods of analysis for the propagation error with associated cost/error mapping, and on novel analysis of the shock-capturing error based on a model scalar problem. Amplitude and phase errors are identified for a number of classical shock-capturing schemes with different order of accuracy. Whereas all schemes are found to be, as expected, first-order accurate at shocks, quantitative differences are found to be significant, and we find that certain schemes in wide use (e.g. high-order WENO schemes) may yield substantial over-amplification of incoming disturbances at shocks. Illustrative calculations are also shown for the 1D Euler equations, which support sufficient generality of the analysis, although nonlinearity suggests caution in straightforward extrapolation to other flow cases.

Este ensayo, de carácter argumentativo y de enfoque documental, presenta algunas reflexiones sobre las implicaciones de los modelos de Ciencia Abierta que vienen siendo promocionados desde ciertos gobiernos, empresas y entes multilaterales desde hace unos años, y que ahora con la sindemia se ha querido imponer aceleradamente. Este análisis se hace desde el estricto campo de la educación con la idea de fortalecer los procesos nacionales de ciencia y tecnología acordes con los estilos de desarrollo que, soberanamente, se vienen dando en países como el nuestro. En este ensayo se trata de reconstruir el proceso de promoción paulatina de un esquema de apertura de software, datos, procedimientos, resultados y publicaciones que culmina con la oferta masiva a distancia y sin control nacional de contenidos educativos. Se finaliza con algunas recomendaciones para establecer un modelo propio de compromiso de la ciencia y la tecnología, que sin cerrarse al mundo, lleve adelante la sincronía de su desarrollo con las necesidades y estrategias de un país soberano como el nuestro, dotado de un proyecto nacional.

International audience; We introduce two new approaches, called A-LSOB and N-MR, for boundary and interface-conjugate conditions on flat or curved surface shapes in the advection-diffusion lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). The Local Second-Order, single-node A-LSOB enhances the existing Dirichlet and Neumann normal boundary treatments with respect to locality, accuracy, and Peclet parametrization. The normal-multi-reflection (N-MR) improves the directional flux schemes via a local release of their nonphysical tangential constraints. The A-LSOB and N-MR restore all first- and second-order derivatives from the nodal non-equilibrium solution, and they are conditioned to be exact on a piece-wise parabolic profile in a uniform arbitrary-oriented tangential velocity field. Additionally, the most compact and accurate single-node parabolic schemes for diffusion and flow in grid-inclined pipes are introduced. In simulations, the global mass-conservation solvability condition of the steady-state, two-relaxation-time (S-TRT) formulation is adjusted with either (i) a uniform mass-source or (ii) a corrective surface-flux. We conclude that (i) the surface-flux counterbalance is more accurate than the bulk one, (ii) the A-LSOB Dirichlet schemes are more accurate than the directional ones in the high Peclet regime, (iii) the directional Neumann advective-diffusive flux scheme shows the best conservation properties and then the best performance both in the tangential no-slip and interface-perpendicular flow, and (iv) the directional non-equilibrium diffusive flux extrapolation is the least conserving and accurate. The error Peclet dependency, Neumann invariance over an additive constant, and truncation isotropy guide this analysis. Our methodology extends from the d2q9 isotropic S-TRT to 3D anisotropic matrix collisions, Robin boundary condition, and the transient LBM.

Psychoactive drug use is a significant problem for most Western societies. It has been a growing problem in Ireland over the last five decades, causing a multitude of problems for individuals and communities. One of the primary rehabilitative responses available for individuals in Ireland desiring to undertake recovery is the drug rehabilitation Special Community Employment (SCE) programme. The SCE programme supports almost one thousand individuals in their recovery by maintaining stabilisation, reinforcing recovery, providing education and skills training, and developing recovery capital enabling the participant to re-enter society as a contributing member. A review of the literature on SCE indicates that several issues have arisen around funding structures, administration, governance and operations (Bruce 2004; Lawless 2006; CityWide 2013). However, little action has been taken over the last decade to address these issues. The studies referred to, adopted a broad view of the SCE programme. They examined activity across a wide range of stakeholders, including participants, families, workers, community boards and state bodies. While these studies provided excellent information, there was an evident paucity of research focused on the professional and support staff who deliver SCE in local community projects. This research study was undertaken in response to that gap in the literature.It sought to provide some insight into the SCE workers' experiences, which would contribute to the debate on operations and practices in SCEs and policy formation in the broader rehabilitation field. The research used a mixed-methods design methodology consisting of an initial questionnaire to gather quantitative data and a series of semi-structured interviews that provided qualitative data, which enhanced and elaborated on the data gathered at the quantitative phase. This mixed-methods design provided a pragmatic approach that saw both qualitative and quantitative data generated and analysed. Results suggest that SCE workers at all levels have experienced significant challenges to their effectiveness in work and their professional training and development needs. These issues are perceived to arise from the policies, procedures, administration and working conditions under which they operate within the SCE programmes. This research revealed that while social, economic policy and drug policy in Ireland has changed radically over the past decade, the SCE programme has failed to adapt in a way that adequately meets the needs of this changing environment. Several recommendations are made on foot of this study, which if adopted, would improve working conditions, enhance worker training and development and increase the effectiveness of service delivery.

In this work, we consider the general family of the so called ADER$$P_NP_M$$PNPMschemes for the numerical solution of hyperbolic partial differential equations witharbitraryhigh order of accuracy in space and time. The family of one-step$$P_NP_M$$PNPMschemes was introduced in Dumbser (J Comput Phys 227:8209–8253, 2008) and represents a unified framework for classical high order Finite Volume (FV) schemes ($$N=0$$N=0), the usual Discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methods ($$N=M$$N=M), as well as a new class of intermediate hybrid schemes for which a reconstruction operator of degreeMis applied over piecewise polynomial data of degreeNwith$$M>N$$M>N. In all cases with$$M \ge N > 0 $$M≥N>0the$$P_NP_M$$PNPMschemes arelinearin the sense of Godunov (Math. USSR Sbornik 47:271–306, 1959), thus when considering phenomena characterized by discontinuities, spurious oscillations may appear and even destroy the simulation. Therefore, in this paper we present a new simple, robust and accurate a posteriori subcell finite volume limiting strategy that is valid for the entire class of$$P_NP_M$$PNPMschemes. The subcell FV limiter is activated only where it is needed, i.e. in the neighborhood of shocks or other discontinuities, and is able to maintain the resolution of the underlying high order$$P_NP_M$$PNPMschemes, due to the use of a rather fine subgrid of$$2N+1$$2N+1subcells per space dimension. The paper contains a wide set of test cases for different hyperbolic PDE systems, solved on adaptive Cartesian meshes that show the capabilities of the proposed method both on smooth and discontinuous problems, as well as the broad range of its applicability. The tests range from compressible gasdynamics over classical MHD to relativistic magnetohydrodynamics.

В данной работе представлена электрическая часть атомной электростанции с реакторами ВВЭР-1000 мощностью 3Ñ 1000 МВт. Представлены методы выбора основного оборудования, главной ÑÑ ÐµÐ¼Ñ‹ ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑ‚Ñ€Ð¸Ñ‡ÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ñ ÑÐ¾ÐµÐ´Ð¸Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¹, ÑÑ ÐµÐ¼Ñ‹ ÑÐ¾Ð±ÑÑ‚Ð²ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ‹Ñ Ð½ÑƒÐ¶Ð´. Проведен расчёт токов короткого замыкания для выбора ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑ‚Ñ€Ð¸Ñ‡ÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ñ Ð°Ð¿Ð¿Ð°Ñ€Ð°Ñ‚Ð¾Ð² и проводников. Рассчитаны Ð¿ÐµÑ€ÐµÑ Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ‹Ðµ ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑ‚Ñ€Ð¾Ð¼ÐµÑ Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ‡ÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ðµ процессы в системе ÑÐ¾Ð±ÑÑ‚Ð²ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ‹Ñ Ð½ÑƒÐ¶Ð´. Проведена оценка успешности самозапуска электродвигателей ÑÐ¾Ð±ÑÑ‚Ð²ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ‹Ñ Ð½ÑƒÐ¶Ð´. Произведен расчет времени пуска главного циркуляционного насоса. Выбраны кабели ÑÐ¾Ð±ÑÑ‚Ð²ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ‹Ñ Ð½ÑƒÐ¶Ð´ и проверены по условиям термической стойкости и невозгораемости., This paper presents the electrical part of a nuclear power plant with VVER-1000 reactors with a capacity of 3x1000 MW. Methods for selecting the main equipment, the main wiring diagram, and auxiliaries are presented. The calculation of short-circuit currents for the selection of electrical devices and conductors has been carried out. Transient electromechanical processes in the auxiliary system are calculated. Evaluation of the success of self-starting of auxiliary electric motors has been carried out. The calculation of the start-up time of the main circulation pump has been made. Cables for auxiliary needs were selected and tested for thermal resistance and non-flammability conditions.