110 results on '"S. Nagamatsu"'
Search Results
2. Combining exercise with cognitive training and vitamin D3 to improve functional brain connectivity (FBC) in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Results from the SYNERGIC trial
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Nick W. Bray, Frederico Pieruccini-Faria, Suzanne T. Witt, Robert Bartha, Timothy J. Doherty, Lindsay S. Nagamatsu, Quincy J. Almeida, Teresa Liu-Ambrose, Laura E. Middleton, Louis Bherer, and Manuel Montero-Odasso
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Aging ,Geriatrics and Gerontology - Published
- 2023
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3. Frailty and functional brain connectivity (FBC) in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI): baseline results from the SYNERGIC Trial
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Nick W, Bray, Frederico, Pieruccini-Faria, Suzanne T, Witt, Kenneth, Rockwood, Robert, Bartha, Timothy J, Doherty, Lindsay S, Nagamatsu, Quincy J, Almeida, Teresa, Liu-Ambrose, Laura E, Middleton, Louis, Bherer, and Manuel, Montero-Odasso
- Abstract
Functional brain connectivity (FBC), or areas that are anatomically separate but temporally synchronized in their activation, represent a sensitive biomarker for monitoring dementia progression. It is unclear whether frailty is associated with FBC in those at higher risk of progression to dementia (e.g., mild cognitive impairment -MCI-) and if sex plays a role. We used baseline data from the SYNERGIC trial, including participants with MCI that received brain MRI. In this cross-sectional analyses (n = 100), we measured frailty using a deficit accumulation frailty index. Using the CONN toolbox, we assessed FBC of networks and regions of interest across the entire connectome. We used Pearson's correlation to investigate the relationship between FBC and frailty index in the full sample and by sex. We also divided the full sample and each sex into tertiles based upon their frailty index score and then assessed between-tertile differences in FBC. The full sample (cluster: size = 291 p-FDR 0.05) and males (cluster: size = 993 and 451 p-FDR 0.01) demonstrated that increasing (stronger) connectivity between the right hippocampus and clusters in the temporal gyrus was positively correlated with increasing (worse) frailty. Males also demonstrated between-tertile differences in right hippocampus connectivity to clusters in the lateral occipital cortex (cluster: size = 289 p-FDR 0.05). Regardless of frailty status, females demonstrated stronger within-network connectivity of the Default-Mode (p = 0.024). Our results suggest that increasing (worse) frailty was associated with increasing (stronger) connectivity between regions not typically linked, which may reflect a compensation tactic by the plastic brain. Furthermore, the relationship between the two variables appears to differ by sex. Our results may help elucidate why specific individuals progress to a dementia syndrome. NCT02808676. https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02808676.
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- 2022
4. Reshaping the Path of Mild Cognitive Impairment by Refining Exercise Prescription: A Study Protocol of a Randomized Controlled Trial to Understand the 'What', 'For Whom', and 'How' of Exercise to Promote Cognitive Function
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Cindy K. Barha, Ryan S. Falck, John R. Best, Lindsay S. Nagamatsu, Ging-Yuek Robin Hsiung, A. William Sheel, Chun Liang Hsu, Arthur F. Kramer, Michelle W. Voss, Kirk I. Erickson, Jennifer C. Davis, J. Kevin Shoemaker, Lara Boyd, Rachel A. Crockett, Lisanne ten Brinke, Louis Bherer, Joel Singer, Liisa A. M. Galea, Claudia Jacova, Alexis Bullock, Sofia Grant, and Teresa Liu-Ambrose
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Mobility ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Mild cognitive impairment ,Resistance training ,Prescriptions ,Cognition ,Randomized controlled trial ,Quality of Life ,Humans ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Cognitive Dysfunction ,Dementia ,Exercise ,Biomarkers ,Aged ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,Aerobic training - Abstract
Background Targeted exercise training is a promising strategy for promoting cognitive function and preventing dementia in older age. Despite the utility of exercise as an intervention, variation still exists in exercise-induced cognitive gains and questions remain regarding the type of training (i.e., what), as well as moderators (i.e., for whom) and mechanisms (i.e., how) of benefit. Both aerobic training (AT) and resistance training (RT) enhance cognitive function in older adults without cognitive impairment; however, the vast majority of trials have focused exclusively on AT. Thus, more research is needed on RT, as well as on the combination of AT and RT, in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a prodromal stage of dementia. Therefore, we aim to conduct a 6-month, 2 × 2 factorial randomized controlled trial in older adults with MCI to assess the individual effects of AT and RT, and the combined effect of AT and RT on cognitive function and to determine the possible underlying biological mechanisms. Methods Two hundred and sixteen community-dwelling adults, aged 65 to 85 years, with MCI from metropolitan Vancouver will be recruited to participate in this study. Randomization will be stratified by biological sex and participants will be randomly allocated to one of the four experimental groups: (1) 4×/week balance and tone (BAT; i.e., active control); (2) combined 2×/week AT + 2×/week RT; (3) 2×/week AT + 2×/week BAT; or (4) 2×/week RT + 2×/week BAT. The primary outcome is cognitive function as measured by the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive-Plus. Secondary outcomes include cognitive function, health-related quality of life, physical function, actigraphy measures, questionnaires, and falls. Outcomes will be measured at baseline, 6 months (i.e., trial completion), and 18 months (i.e., 12-month follow-up). Discussion Establishing the efficacy of different types and combinations of exercise training to minimize cognitive decline will advance our ability to prescribe exercise as “medicine” to treat MCI and delay the onset and progression of dementia. This trial is extremely timely as cognitive impairment and dementia pose a growing threat to global public health. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02737878. Registered on April 14, 2016.
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- 2022
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5. Brain deficits in prediabetic adults: A systematic review
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Lindsay S. Nagamatsu, Joyla A. Furlano, and Becky R. Horst
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0301 basic medicine ,Gerontology ,business.industry ,Scopus ,Brain ,Type 2 diabetes ,CINAHL ,medicine.disease ,Prediabetic State ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Systematic review ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Diabetes mellitus ,Brain size ,medicine ,Humans ,Observational study ,Prediabetes ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Previous findings on the relationship between prediabetes (the precursor stage of type 2 diabetes) and brain health in humans are inconsistent. Thus, this systematic review of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies aimed to summarize what is currently known about brain deficits in prediabetic adults. Following the PRISMA reporting standards for systematic reviews, we conducted a comprehensive review of peer-reviewed journal articles published from 2009 to present, focusing on studies that assessed brain volume, structural connectivity, and cerebrovascular health in prediabetic adults and older adults (i.e., 18 years or older). We systematically searched PsychINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, and EMbase databases. Quality assessment was based on the NIH Quality Assessment Tool for Observational and Cross-sectional Studies. In total, 19 studies were included in our review. Results from these studies show that prediabetes may be associated with deficits in brain structure and pathology, however, several studies also refute these findings. Moreover, we identified clear inconsistencies in study methodologies, including diabetes measures and classification, across studies that may account for these conflicting findings.
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- 2021
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6. Introduction From the New Editors
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Lindsay S. Nagamatsu and Patricia C. Heyn
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Rehabilitation ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,Gerontology - Published
- 2023
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7. What do functional neuroimaging studies tell us about the association between falls and cognition in older adults? A systematic review
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Samantha Marshall, Raphael Gabiazon, Priyanka Persaud, and Lindsay S. Nagamatsu
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Aging ,Neurology ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry ,Biotechnology - Published
- 2023
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8. Identification of Demographic Variables Influencing Dementia Literacy and Risk Perception Through a Global Survey
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Joyla A. Furlano, Sabrina D. Ford, Michelle Y. S. Wong, Becky R. Horst, Brenna B. Han, and Lindsay S. Nagamatsu
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Gerontology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Sample (statistics) ,Lower risk ,Literacy ,03 medical and health sciences ,dementia literacy ,0302 clinical medicine ,demographics ,Perception ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,medicine ,Dementia ,Humans ,risk factors ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Life Style ,Risk management ,media_common ,Aged ,Demography ,Original Research ,business.industry ,Public health ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,medicine.disease ,global ,Risk perception ,Female ,Public Health ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 ,Psychology ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Dementia literacy is important for risk mitigation and preventative strategies before disease onset. The aim of our study was to investigate dementia literacy and how demographic characteristics influence these perceptions in order to provide evidence for how dementia-centered public health initiatives should structure their focus. We conducted a globally administered online survey, through Amazon Mechanical Turk (mTurk). Survey items evaluated: (1) personal perception on the preventability of dementia, and (2) risk awareness of lifestyle factors. Differences in risk scoring between the 598 respondents were compared using Kruskal-Wallis testing factored by demographic categorizations. Most of the sample demonstrated understanding that lifestyle factors contribute some risk toward dementia, though these risk scores were generally low. Differences in risk scoring varied by demographic characteristics. Women, older adults, those with non-post-secondary attainment, below average income, and White background tended to report lower risk scores. Public health education and initiatives for dementia prevention should focus on lifestyle risk factors, in addition to considering the barriers related to the demographic factors identified that may prevent populations from accessing programs and information.
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- 2021
9. Improvements in memory and brain functional connectivity in older adults with subjective cognitive complaints following multiple‐modality exercise and mind‐motor training: An exploratory sub‐study
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Robert J. Petrella, Lindsay S. Nagamatsu, Narlon C. Boa Sorte Silva, Dawn P. Gill, and Adrian M. Owen
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Motor training ,Epidemiology ,Health Policy ,Functional connectivity ,Cognition ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Developmental Neuroscience ,medicine ,Neurology (clinical) ,Multiple modalities ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,Psychology - Published
- 2020
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10. Resistance exercise improves cognitive and brain health in overweight older adults
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Joyla A. Furlano and Lindsay S. Nagamatsu
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Epidemiology ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,Neuropsychology ,Resistance training ,Cognition ,Overweight ,medicine.disease ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Developmental Neuroscience ,medicine ,Dementia ,Neurology (clinical) ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,Cognitive decline ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Clinical psychology - Published
- 2020
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11. Systolic blood pressure dipping may be associated with mobility impairment and brain volume in community-dwelling older adults: An exploratory study
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Lindsay S. Nagamatsu, Dawn P. Gill, Robert J. Petrella, Adrian M. Owen, and Narlon C. Boa Sorte Silva
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0301 basic medicine ,Male ,Aging ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Dual-task gait ,Blood Pressure ,Biochemistry ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endocrinology ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,Genetics ,medicine ,Blood pressure dipping ,Dementia ,Humans ,Cognitive Dysfunction ,Molecular Biology ,Gait ,Aged ,2. Zero hunger ,Mobility ,business.industry ,Montreal Cognitive Assessment ,Cell Biology ,medicine.disease ,Cardiovascular risk ,3. Good health ,030104 developmental biology ,Blood pressure ,Older adults ,Brain size ,Cohort ,Hypertension ,Cardiology ,Female ,Independent Living ,business ,Body mass index ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Objective We investigated whether systolic blood pressure (SBP) dipping is associated with mobility outcomes and brain volume in older adults without dementia. Methods We conducted an exploratory analysis of data from 345 community-dwelling older adults (mean age [SD]: 69.9 [7.1], 60% women) who underwent 24-h BP measurement and mobility assessment. Mobility measures included usual and dual-task (DT) gait velocity, step length, and variability. For DT assessment, participants performed naming animals (NA) and serial sevens (S7) tasks. A subsample of participants (N = 32) also underwent magnetic resonance imaging to estimate total grey matter, white matter, and hippocampal brain volumes. We conducted hierarchical regression models to examine the association between SBP dipping and mobility outcomes, after adjusting for age, years of education, sex, Montreal Cognitive Assessment score, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, other cardiovascular diseases, musculoskeletal conditions, and study cohort. Similar models were conducted to investigate associations between SBP dipping and brain volumes. Results SBP dipping significantly predicted gait velocity and step length under usual and both DT conditions. The R2 change was the highest for usual gait velocity (Fchange = 7.8, p = 0.005, R2change = 0.019), and lowest for step length during the NA task (Fchange = 4.4, p = 0.037, R2change = 0.01), suggesting a deleterious effect of SBP dipping on gait regardless of task complexity. For brain volumes, SBP dipping significantly predicted right hippocampal volume (Fchange = 5.4, p = 0.029, R2change = 0.12), and total hippocampal volume (Fchange = 5.1, p = 0.033, R2change = 0.1). Conclusions Our findings suggest that SBP dipping, as a marker of cardiovascular disease in older adults, impacts mobility performance and hippocampal volume. SBP dipping could be targeted in future therapeutic interventions in older adults at risk for mobility and cognitive impairment.
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- 2020
12. The role of physical exercise in modulating peripheral inflammatory and neurotrophic biomarkers in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis
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Nellie Kamkar, Nick W. Bray, Josh Titus, Mark Speechley, Lindsay S. Nagamatsu, Richard Camicioli, and Manuel Montero-Odasso
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0301 basic medicine ,Oncology ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Aging ,Physical exercise ,Healthy Aging ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cognition ,Neurotrophic factors ,Internal medicine ,Aerobic exercise ,Medicine ,Humans ,Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance ,Cognitive decline ,Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ,Exercise ,Aged ,Neurons ,Clinical Trials as Topic ,business.industry ,Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ,Age Factors ,Middle Aged ,Exercise Therapy ,Clinical trial ,030104 developmental biology ,Meta-analysis ,Biomarker (medicine) ,Female ,Inflammation Mediators ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Biomarkers ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
Background Physiological cascades of neurotrophic factors and inflammatory cytokines may mediate the exercise-induced amelioration of cognition in older adults. However, there is limited understanding on how different exercise modalities improving cognition alter biomarkers. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of different exercise modalities on blood biomarker concentrations in cognitive clinical trials of older adults. Methods A systematic review (SR) and meta-analysis (MA) were performed using the databases PubMed, EMBASE, and SCOPUS. After exclusions, 17 trials with 18 distinct exercise interventions were included. Results Aerobic training increased (n = 2) or did not significantly change BDNF (n = 5), and resistance training increased (n = 2) or did not significantly change (n = 2) IGF-1. Multimodal training significantly increased (n = 1) or did not change (n = 3) BDNF. Interventions that recruited sex-specific cohorts showed an advantage in males for blood marker concentrations and cognitive performance outcomes (n = 3) compared to females (n = 3). Only one of three interventions decreased concentrations of CRP. Eight studies examining BDNF changes were suited for MA and showed that higher BDNF concentrations were reached post intervention, although not reaching statistical significance (p = .26, I2 = 44 %). Discussion Our results suggest that exercise has potential to ameliorate cognitive decline in older adults with divergent, modality-specific, neurotrophic mechanisms.
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- 2020
13. Feasibility of a 26-Week Exercise Program to Improve Brain Health in Older Adults at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: A Pilot Study
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Lindsay S. Nagamatsu and Joyla A. Furlano
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Population ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Pilot Projects ,Type 2 diabetes ,Overweight ,Risk Assessment ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endocrinology ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Internal Medicine ,Medicine ,Aerobic exercise ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Prediabetes ,education ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Attendance ,Brain ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Exercise Therapy ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Physical therapy ,Feasibility Studies ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Body mass index ,Program Evaluation - Abstract
Older adults at risk for type 2 diabetes (i.e. overweight individuals or those with prediabetes) experience accelerated cognitive and brain deficits. Aerobic training is known to improve these deficits, but the effects of resistance training are relatively unknown. Before conducting a large-scale, randomized, controlled trial to assess the effects of resistance training, we first conducted a pilot feasibility study to examine recruitment, attendance and retention rates in this population.Program participants (aged 60 to 80 years, mean age 68.7±5.7 years, 50% females) at risk for type 2 diabetes (body mass index of ≥25 or fasting blood glucose of 6.1 to7 mmol/L) underwent 26 weeks of thrice-weekly progressive resistance training (n=13) or balance-and-tone exercises (control group, n=11). Recruitment, attendance and retention rates were recorded, and study feedback from program participants and research assistants was collected via questionnaires.We recruited 72 older adults (total number enrolled = 24) over 17 months. Program retention and attendance were 95.8% and 84.4%, respectively. Program participants and research assistants expressed a high level of study enjoyment, and suggestions on how to improve study procedures were provided.Based on our findings, a large-scale study in this at-risk group of older adults is feasible, and key strategies to improving future trials were identified.
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- 2020
14. Effect of pregnancy on lower limb lymphedema in patients treated with multisite lymphaticovenular anastomoses (MLVAS)
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I, Koshima, Sy, Yoshida, S, Nagamatsu, K, Yokota, H, Mizuta, M, Harima, K, Tashiro, Sh, Yamashita, I, Ratanshi, and T, Eldahshoury
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Adult ,Microsurgery ,Anastomosis, Surgical ,Pregnancy Complications ,Young Adult ,Treatment Outcome ,Lower Extremity ,Pregnancy ,Humans ,Female ,Lymphedema ,Follow-Up Studies ,Lymphatic Vessels ,Retrospective Studies - Abstract
Lymphaticovenular anastomosis (LVA) using supermicrosurgical techniques is effective for treating and preventing progression of lymphedema. We analyzed the influence of pregnancy on LVA in five patients from a total 2179 LVA cases. Previous studies offer conflicting reports on whether pregnancy worsens pre-existing lymphedema. This is the first report on the influence of pregnancy on lower limb lymphedema previously treated by multisite LVA (mLVA). Five patients with primary (n=4) and secondary (n=1) lower leg lymphedema were analyzed for this study. Patient age ranged from 18 to 31 (average 22.6) years old with 4 right and 1 left extremities involved. Duration of symptoms ranged from one to 19 (average 7.4) years and the periods of compression therapy were from 1 to 19 years (6.6 years). Four patients had single pregnancies and one patient was multiparous with 3 pregnancies. Final follow-up ranged from 5.8 to 18 years (average 8.9 years) after the primary mLVA. All patients had normal pregnancy, birth, and no serious complications after surgeries. Following pregnancy three patients had complete functional recovery (limb volume reduction and no compression requirement), one with functional improvement (limb volume reduction but required compression), and one with no change in symptoms (not worse and continued need for compression). There were no occurrences of infection following pregnancy. Based on this case series, it is suggested that pregnancy does not worsen the pre-existing lymphedema in patients who had previously undergone mLVA. Further studies with larger number of patients are needed to confirm these results.
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- 2020
15. Memory Function and Brain Functional Connectivity Adaptations Following Multiple-Modality Exercise and Mind–Motor Training in Older Adults at Risk of Dementia: An Exploratory Sub-Study
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Narlon C. Boa Sorte Silva, Lindsay S. Nagamatsu, Dawn P. Gill, Adrian M. Owen, and Robert J. Petrella
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0301 basic medicine ,Aging ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,multiple-modality ,Audiology ,Spatial memory ,lcsh:RC321-571 ,cognitive training ,memory ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Post-hoc analysis ,medicine ,Memory span ,lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,older adults ,Original Research ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,exercise ,business.industry ,functional connectivity ,Repeated measures design ,Cognition ,mind–motor ,functional magnetic resonance imaging ,Cognitive training ,030104 developmental biology ,Functional magnetic resonance imaging ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Neuroscience ,Brodmann area - Abstract
© Copyright © 2020 Boa Sorte Silva, Nagamatsu, Gill, Owen and Petrella. Background: Multiple-modality exercise improves brain function. However, whether task-based brain functional connectivity (FC) following exercise suggests adaptations in preferential brain regions is unclear. The objective of this study was to explore memory function and task-related FC changes following multiple-modality exercise and mind–motor training in older adults with subjective cognitive complaints. Methods: We performed secondary analysis of memory function data in older adults [n = 127, mean age 67.5 (7.3) years, 71% women] randomized to an exercise intervention comprised of 45 min of multiple-modality exercise with additional 15 min of mind-motor training (M4 group, n = 63) or an active control group (M2 group, n = 64). In total, both groups exercised for 60 min/day, 3 days/week, for 24 weeks. We then conducted exploratory analyses of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data collected from a sample of participants from the M4 group [n = 9, mean age 67.8 (8.8) years, 8 women] who completed baseline and follow-up task-based fMRI assessment. Four computer-based memory tasks from the Cambridge Brain Sciences cognitive battery (i.e. Monkey Ladder, Spatial Span, Digit Span, Paired Associates) were employed, and participants underwent 5 min of continuous fMRI data collection while completing the tasks. Behavioral data were analyzed using linear mixed models for repeated measures and paired-samples t-test. All fMRI data were analyzed using group-level independent component analysis and dual regression procedures, correcting for voxel-wise comparisons. Results: Our findings indicated that the M4 group showed greater improvements in the Paired Associates tasks compared to the M2 group at 24 weeks [mean difference: 0.47, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.08 to 0.86, p = 0.019]. For our fMRI analysis, dual regression revealed significant decrease in FC co-activation in the right precentral/postcentral gyri after the exercise program during the Spatial Span task (corrected p = 0.008), although there was no change in the behavioral task performance. Only trends for changes in FC were found for the other tasks (all corrected p < 0.09). In addition, for the Paired Associates task, there was a trend for increased co-activation in the right temporal lobe (Brodmann Area = 38, corrected p = 0.07), and left middle frontal temporal gyrus (corrected p = 0.06). Post hoc analysis exploring voxel FC within each group spatial map confirmed FC activation trends observed from dual regression. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that multiple modality exercise with mind–motor training resulted in greater improvements in memory compared to an active control group. There were divergent FC adaptations including significant decreased co-activation in the precentral/postcentral gyri during the Spatial Span task. Borderline significant changes during the Paired Associates tasks in FC provided insight into the potential of our intervention to promote improvements in visuospatial memory and impart FC adaptations in brain regions relevant to Alzheimer’s disease risk. Clinical Trial Registration: The trial was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov in April 2014, Identifier: NCT02136368.
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- 2020
16. EFFECT OF PREGNANCY ON LOWER LIMB LYMPHEDEMA IN PATIENTS TREATED WITH MULTISITE LYMPHATICOVENULAR ANASTOMOSES (MLVAS)
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I. Koshima, Sy. Yoshida, S. Nagamatsu, K. Yokota, H. Mizuta, M. Harima, K. Tashiro, Sh. Yamashita, I. Ratanshi, and T. Eldahshoury
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Immunology and Allergy ,Hematology - Abstract
Lymphaticovenular anastomosis (LVA) using supermicrosurgical techniques is effective for treating and preventing progression of lymphedema. We analyzed the influence of pregnancy on LVA in five patients from a total 2179 LVA cases. Previous studies offer conflicting reports on whether pregnancy worsens pre-existing lymphedema. This is the first report on the influence of pregnancy on lower limb lymphedema previously treated by multisite LVA (mLVA). Five patients with primary (n=4) and secondary (n=1) lower leg lymphedema were analyzed for this study. Patient age ranged from 18 to 31 (average 22.6) years old with 4 right and 1 left extremities involved. Duration of symptoms ranged from one to 19 (average 7.4) years and the periods of compression therapy were from 1 to 19 years (6.6 years). Four patients had single pregnancies and one patient was multiparous with 3 pregnancies. Final follow-up ranged from 5.8 to 18 years (average 8.9 years) after the primary mLVA. All patients had normal pregnancy, birth, and no serious complications after surgeries. Following pregnancy three patients had complete functional recovery (limb volume reduction and no compression requirement), one with functional improvement (limb volume reduction but required compression), and one with no change in symptoms (not worse and continued need for compression). There were no occurrences of infection following pregnancy. Based on this case series, it is suggested that pregnancy does not worsen the pre-existing lymphedema in patients who had previously undergone mLVA. Further studies with larger number of patients are needed to confirm these results.
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- 2020
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17. CLASSIFICATION OF STRAWBERRY FRUIT SHAPE BY MACHINE LEARNING
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T. Ishikawa, A. Hayashi, S. Nagamatsu, Y. Kyutoku, I. Dan, T. Wada, K. Oku, Y. Saeki, T. Uto, T. Tanabata, S. Isobe, and N. Kochi
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,lcsh:Applied optics. Photonics ,Similarity (geometry) ,Ellipse ,Machine learning ,computer.software_genre ,01 natural sciences ,lcsh:Technology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Digital image ,Robustness (computer science) ,Mathematics ,Chain code ,business.industry ,lcsh:T ,Subtraction ,lcsh:TA1501-1820 ,Random forest ,030104 developmental biology ,lcsh:TA1-2040 ,Contour line ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,computer ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Shape is one of the most important traits of agricultural products due to its relationships with the quality, quantity, and value of the products. For strawberries, the nine types of fruit shape were defined and classified by humans based on the sampler patterns of the nine types. In this study, we tested the classification of strawberry shapes by machine learning in order to increase the accuracy of the classification, and we introduce the concept of computerization into this field. Four types of descriptors were extracted from the digital images of strawberries: (1) the Measured Values (MVs) including the length of the contour line, the area, the fruit length and width, and the fruit width/length ratio; (2) the Ellipse Similarity Index (ESI); (3) Elliptic Fourier Descriptors (EFDs), and (4) Chain Code Subtraction (CCS). We used these descriptors for the classification test along with the random forest approach, and eight of the nine shape types were classified with combinations of MVs + CCS + EFDs. CCS is a descriptor that adds human knowledge to the chain codes, and it showed higher robustness in classification than the other descriptors. Our results suggest machine learning's high ability to classify fruit shapes accurately. We will attempt to increase the classification accuracy and apply the machine learning methods to other plant species.
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- 2018
18. Erratum: Active Phase Structure of the SiO2-supported Nickel Phosphide Catalysts for Non-oxidative Coupling of Methane (NOCM) Reactions
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M. H. Al Rashid, A. Dipu, Y. Nishikawa, H. Ogihara, Y. Inami, S. Obuchi, I. Yamanaka, S. Nagamatsu, D. Kido, and K. Asakura
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Mechanics of Materials ,Bioengineering ,Surfaces and Interfaces ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Biotechnology - Published
- 2021
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19. Aerobic exercise promotes executive functions and impacts functional neural activity among older adults with vascular cognitive impairment
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GY Robin Hsiung, Janice J. Eng, Shirley Wang, John R. Best, Jennifer C. Davis, Michelle W. Voss, Chun Liang Hsu, Teresa Liu-Ambrose, Lara A. Boyd, and Lindsay S. Nagamatsu
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Neuroimaging ,Walk Test ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Proof of Concept Study ,Task (project management) ,Executive Function ,03 medical and health sciences ,Neural activity ,0302 clinical medicine ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,medicine ,Humans ,Aerobic exercise ,Cognitive Dysfunction ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Cognitive impairment ,Exercise ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,business.industry ,Cognition ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Executive functions ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Exercise Therapy ,Treatment Outcome ,030104 developmental biology ,Sample size determination ,Physical therapy ,Female ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Eriksen flanker task - Abstract
BackgroundVascular cognitive impairment (VCI) results from cerebrovascular disease, and worldwide, it is the second most common type of cognitive dysfunction. While targeted aerobic training is a promising approach to delay the progression of VCI by reducing cardiometabolic risk factors, few randomised controlled trials to date have specifically assessed the efficacy of aerobic training on cognitive and brain outcomes in this group at risk for functional decline.AimTo examine the effect of moderate-intensity aerobic training on executive functions and functional neural activity among older adults with mild subcortical ischaemic VCI (SIVCI).MethodsOlder adults with mild SIVCI were randomly assigned to: (1) 6-month, 3×/week aerobic training (n=10) or (2) usual care (control; n=11). Participants completed functional MRI (fMRI) at baseline and trial completion. During the fMRI sessions, behavioural performance on the Eriksen flanker task and task-evoked neural activity were assessed.ResultsAt trial completion, after adjusting for baseline general cognition, total white matter lesion volume and flanker performance, compared with the control group, the aerobic training group significantly improved flanker task reaction time. Moreover, compared with the controls, the aerobic training group demonstrated reduced activation in the left lateral occipital cortex and right superior temporal gyrus. Reduced activity in these brain regions was significantly associated with improved (ie, faster) flanker task performance at trial completion.SummaryAerobic training among older adults with mild SIVCI can improve executive functions and neural efficiency of associated brain areas. Future studies with greater sample size should be completed to replicate and extend these findings.
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- 2017
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20. XAFS Studies on Active Phase Structure of the SiO 2 supported Ni-P Catalysts for Non-Oxidative Coupling of Methane
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M H Al Rashid, A Dipu, Y Nishikawa, H Ogihara, Y Inami, S Obuchi, I Yamanaka, S Nagamatsu, D Kido, and K Asakura
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- 2019
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21. The effect of physical exercise on functional brain network connectivity in older adults with and without cognitive impairment. A systematic review
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Manuel Montero-Odasso, Robert Bartha, Lindsay S. Nagamatsu, Frederico Pieruccini-Faria, Timothy J. Doherty, and Nick W. Bray
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0301 basic medicine ,Aging ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Physical fitness ,Physical exercise ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cognition ,0302 clinical medicine ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Functional neuroimaging ,Connectome ,Humans ,Medicine ,Dementia ,Cognitive Dysfunction ,Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance ,Cognitive decline ,Exercise ,Aged ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Functional Neuroimaging ,Physical Functional Performance ,medicine.disease ,030104 developmental biology ,Older adults ,Medical Biophysics ,Nerve Net ,business ,Functional magnetic resonance imaging ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
Introduction Neurodegeneration is a biproduct of aging that results in concomitant cognitive decline. Physical exercise is an emerging intervention to improve brain health. The underlying neural mechanisms linking exercise to neurodegeneration, however, are unclear. Functional brain network connectivity (FBNC) refers to neural regions that are anatomically separate but temporally synched in functional signalling. FBNC can be measured using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) and is affected by neurodegeneration. Methods We conducted a systematic review using PubMed and EMBASE to assess the effect of physical exercise on FBNC in older adults with and without cognitive impairment. Results Our search yielded 1474 articles; after exclusion, 13 were included in the final review, 8 of which focused on cognitively healthy older adults. 10 studies demonstrated an increase in FBNC post-exercise intervention, while 11 studies showed improvements in secondary outcomes (cognitive and/or physical performance). One study showed significant correlations between FBNC and cognitive performance measures that significantly improved post-intervention. Discussion We found evidence that physical exercise increases FBNC. When assessing the association between FBNC with physical and cognitive functioning, careful consideration must be given to variability in exercise parameters, neural regions of interest and networks examined, and heterogeneity in methodological approaches.
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- 2021
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22. P2‐633: THE EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE ON EXECUTIVE FUNCTION IN COMMUNITY‐DWELLING OLDER ADULTS LIVING WITH ALZHEIMER'S‐TYPE DEMENTIA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
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Lindsay S. Nagamatsu, Joseph B. Orange, Nicole A. Guitar, Denise M. Connelly, and Susan W. Muir-Hunter
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Gerontology ,Epidemiology ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Physical exercise ,Alzheimer s type dementia ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Developmental Neuroscience ,Medicine ,Neurology (clinical) ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,business ,Function (engineering) ,media_common - Published
- 2018
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23. Can meditation improve attention in older adults? Study protocol for a 4-week proof-of-concept intervention
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Lindsay S. Nagamatsu and Sabrina D. Ford
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Gerontology ,Population ageing ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Intervention ,Task (project management) ,03 medical and health sciences ,Study Protocol ,0302 clinical medicine ,Falls risk ,Intervention (counseling) ,Health care ,Attention ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Meditation ,EEG ,Risk factor ,media_common ,Mobility ,lcsh:R5-920 ,business.industry ,Cognition ,3. Good health ,Clinical trial ,Psychology ,business ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Falls are a major health care concern for our aging population. Previous research has identified impaired sustained attention as a risk factor for falls. Recently, meditation has been shown to improve different types of attention in various populations. However, there are no studies to date examining whether meditation training can improve sustained attention and mobility in older adults. We are conducting a 4-week proof-of-concept meditation intervention. We will recruit community-dwelling older adults. Participants will be randomized into one of two groups: (1) meditation training or (2) music listening (control). All participants will complete three 20-min group sessions per week and will be encouraged to continue their practice independently on the remaining days each week. Our primary outcome measure is behavioral performance on the Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART). Our secondary and tertiary outcomes include electroencephalograms (EEG) to assess attention and cognitive processing, mobility, and executive function. Our proof-of-concept intervention aims to examine whether meditation training can improve sustained attention in older adults, who are known to be susceptible to falls. Importantly, our research has the potential to inform future clinical trials aimed at improving mobility and reducing falls risk in our aging population. Clinicaltrials.gov ID NCT03417635 .
- Published
- 2018
24. The effects of physical exercise on executive function in community-dwelling older adults living with Alzheimer's-type dementia: A systematic review
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Joseph B. Orange, Nicole A. Guitar, Denise M. Connelly, Lindsay S. Nagamatsu, and Susan W. Muir-Hunter
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Gerontology ,Aging ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Sports medicine ,Physical exercise ,Biochemistry ,03 medical and health sciences ,Executive Function ,0302 clinical medicine ,Alzheimer Disease ,Intervention (counseling) ,medicine ,Dementia ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Molecular Biology ,Exercise ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Clinical Trials as Topic ,Attentional control ,Cognitive flexibility ,Cognition ,medicine.disease ,Neurology ,Independent Living ,Psychology ,Inclusion (education) ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Executive function deficit is an indicator of Alzheimer’s-type dementia and manifests as disruptions of attentional control, memory, cognitive flexibility, planning, and reasoning, among other cognitive problems. Physical exercise is suggested to have a protective effect on global cognition with aging. However, whether it influences executive function in people living with Alzheimer’s-type dementia specifically is unknown. The current systematic review examined the efficacy of physical exercise on executive function performance in community-dwelling older adults living with Alzheimer’s-type dementia. An electronic search of databases retrieved randomized and non-randomized controlled trials of community-dwelling older adults diagnosed with Alzheimer’s-type dementia who completed a physical exercise intervention and who were assessed using an executive function outcome measure. Methodological quality of six studies meeting the inclusion criteria published between 2009 and 2016 was scored independently by two raters using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database and a Cochrane informed domain-based assessment of risk of bias. Trends toward improvement in executive function scores were seen across all six studies, and significant improvement was seen in four of the eligible studies. Future studies should explore the benefits of the American College of Sports Medicine recommended 150 min of physical exercise per week with select measures of executive function.
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- 2018
25. Mind Over Matter: Understanding the Relationship Between Memory Self‐Efficacy, Cognition and Brain Health in Older Adults with Probable Mild Cognitive Impairment
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Lindsay S. Nagamatsu and Rebecca Horst
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Self-efficacy ,0303 health sciences ,Mind over matter ,Cognition ,Biochemistry ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Genetics ,Cognitive impairment ,Psychology ,Molecular Biology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,030304 developmental biology ,Biotechnology ,Clinical psychology - Published
- 2018
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26. COGNITION OLDER ADULTS WITH PREDIABETES EXPERIENCE ACCELERATED NEUROCOGNITIVE DECLINE
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Lindsay S. Nagamatsu and Joyla A. Furlano
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Gerontology ,Health (social science) ,business.industry ,Cognition ,medicine.disease ,Health Professions (miscellaneous) ,Abstracts ,Medicine ,Prediabetes ,Session 3290 (Poster) ,Life-span and Life-course Studies ,business ,Neurocognitive - Abstract
Type II diabetes (T2D) is associated with neurocognitive decline beyond normative aging, and thus older adults with T2D are at high risk for developing dementia. However, the extent to which similar deficits occur in prediabetic older adults is not well understood. While few studies have shown that prediabetic older adults experience some cognitive decline, further research is needed to determine the specific cognitive domains affected and the degree to which this decline occurs. Moreover, structural and functional brain changes that may occur with these deficits is currently unknown in this population. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess cognitive function and brain health in prediabetic older adults. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of older adults (aged 60-80) with prediabetes (FPG 6.1-7.0 mmol/L) and healthy aged-matched controls, examining 1) cognitive performance, 2) functional brain activation as measured by fMRI, and 3) structural measures such as volume of the hippocampus. Based on our cross-sectional analysis, prediabetic older adults show impaired cognition (e.g., memory), as well as decreased hippocampal volume and activation. Therefore, we conclude that older adults with prediabetes experience brain decline, and could benefit from lifestyle interventions to prevent or delay the onset of such decline.
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- 2019
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27. Long-Term Effects of Resistance Exercise Training on Cognition and Brain Volume in Older Women: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial
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Lindsay S. Nagamatsu, John R. Best, Bryan K. Chiu, Chun Liang Hsu, and Teresa Liu-Ambrose
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Verbal learning ,law.invention ,White matter ,Executive Function ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Atrophy ,Randomized controlled trial ,Memory ,law ,Reaction Time ,medicine ,Humans ,Aerobic exercise ,Longitudinal Studies ,Muscle Strength ,Cognitive decline ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,General Neuroscience ,Brain ,Resistance Training ,Cognition ,Verbal Learning ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Logistic Models ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Brain size ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,Cognition Disorders ,Psychology - Abstract
Aerobic exercise training has been shown to attenuate cognitive decline and reduce brain atrophy with advancing age. The extent to which resistance exercise training improves cognition and prevents brain atrophy is less known, and few studies include long-term follow-up cognitive and neuroimaging assessments. We report data from a randomized controlled trial of 155 older women, who engaged in 52 weeks of resistance training (either once- or twice-weekly) or balance-and-toning (twice-weekly). Executive functioning and memory were assessed at baseline, 1-year follow-up (i.e., immediately post-intervention), and 2-year follow-up. A subset underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging scans at those time points. At 2-year follow-up, both frequencies of resistance training promoted executive function compared to balance-and-toning (standardized difference [d]=.31–.48). Additionally, twice-weekly resistance training promoted memory (d=.45), reduced cortical white matter atrophy (d=.45), and increased peak muscle power (d=.27) at 2-year follow-up relative to balance-and-toning. These effects were independent of one another. These findings suggest resistance training may have a long-term impact on cognition and white matter volume in older women. (JINS, 2015,21, 745–756)
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- 2015
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28. Resistance Training and White Matter Lesion Progression in Older Women: Exploratory Analysis of a 12-Month Randomized Controlled Trial
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Lindsay S. Nagamatsu, Todd C. Handy, Jennifer C. Davis, Roger Tam, B. Lynn Beattie, Chun Liang Hsu, Niousha Bolandzadeh, Elizabeth Dao, and PT Teresa Liu-Ambrose PhD
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medicine.medical_specialty ,law.invention ,White matter ,Executive Function ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,medicine ,Humans ,Single-Blind Method ,Prospective Studies ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Prospective cohort study ,Gait ,Aged ,Balance (ability) ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Resistance Training ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,Executive functions ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,White Matter ,Hyperintensity ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Disease Progression ,Physical therapy ,Female ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Objectives To assess whether resistance training (RT) slows the progression of white matter lesions (WMLs) in older women. Design Secondary analysis of a 52-week randomized controlled trial of RT, the Brain Power Study. Setting Community center and research center. Participants Of 155 community-dwelling women aged 65 to 75 enrolled in the Brain Power Study, 54 who had evidence of WMLs on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at baseline were included in this secondary analysis. Intervention Participants were randomized to once-weekly RT (1× RT), twice-weekly RT (2× RT), or twice-weekly balance and tone (BAT). Assessors were blinded to participant assignments. Measurements WML volume was measured using MRI at baseline and trial completion. Results At trial completion, the 2× RT group had significantly lower WML volume than the BAT group (P = .03). There was no significant difference between the BAT group and the 1× RT group at trial completion (P = .77). Among participants in the two RT groups, reduced WML progression over 12 months was significantly associated with maintenance of gait speed (correlation coefficient (r) = −0.31, P = .049) but not with executive functions (r = 0.30; P = .06). Conclusion Engaging in progressive RT may reduce WML progression.
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- 2015
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29. Improving Executive Function for Better Diabetes Management
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Joyla A. Furlano and Lindsay S. Nagamatsu
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Gerontology ,business.industry ,Dietary intake ,media_common.quotation_subject ,General Medicine ,Generalized obesity ,medicine.disease ,Childhood obesity ,Diabetes management ,Diabetes mellitus ,medicine ,Gynecological disorders ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Function (engineering) ,Abdominal obesity ,media_common - Published
- 2017
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30. Get Off the Couch! Exercise Your Way to a Healthy Brain
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Lindsay S. Nagamatsu
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0301 basic medicine ,03 medical and health sciences ,medicine.medical_specialty ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Health ,business.industry ,Physical therapy ,Medicine ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
We all know that physical activity is good for the heart and lungs, but is it also good for the brain? Research has shown that regular physical activity can boost brain performance in various different kinds of people, from children and young adults to older adults at-risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. These improvements in brain performance can be measured by tests of memory, thinking, and attention. It is thought that physical activity improves brain performance by changing both the way the brain functions and its size, a process known as neuroplasticity. In particular, physical activity may increase the size of a part of the brain called the hippocampus—the brain’s memory center. Importantly, the benefits of physical activity on the brain are seen at all ages, which means it is never too late to start exercising to help the brain. This research shows that being physically active may be an enjoyable way to help you improve your grades at school now and to keep your brain healthy throughout your life.
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- 2017
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31. Sex differences in aerobic exercise efficacy to improve cognition: A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies in older rodents
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Ryan S. Falck, Jennifer C. Davis, Cindy K. Barha, Lindsay S. Nagamatsu, and Teresa Liu-Ambrose
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0301 basic medicine ,Gerontology ,Brain-derived neurotrophic factor ,Aging ,Sex Characteristics ,Behavior, Animal ,Endocrine and Autonomic Systems ,Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ,Hippocampus ,Cognition ,Rodentia ,Exploratory analysis ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Turnover ,Meta-analysis ,Physical Conditioning, Animal ,Aerobic exercise ,Animals ,Learning ,10. No inequality ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Sex characteristics - Abstract
Research in humans indicates that women may show greater cognitive benefits from aerobic training (AT) than men. To determine whether this sex difference extends to rodents, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies in healthy, older rodents. Results indicate that compared to controls, AT improved hippocampus-dependent and -independent learning and memory. A sex difference was found with males showing larger benefits from AT on conditioned-avoidance and non-spatial memory tasks. AT also increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor compared to controls, with larger effects in females. As an exploratory analysis, sex differences in voluntary AT were examined separately from forced AT. Voluntary AT enhanced non-spatial memory to a greater extent in males. Forced AT enhanced hippocampus-dependent learning and memory more so in females. These findings suggest that sex is an important factor to consider, and studies directly assessing sex differences in the ability of exercise to improve brain function are needed.
- Published
- 2017
32. P3-423: COGNITIVE AND BRAIN DYSFUNCTION IN OLDER ADULTS AT RISK FOR DIABETES
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Joyla A. Furlano and Lindsay S. Nagamatsu
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Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Epidemiology ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,Brain dysfunction ,Cognition ,medicine.disease ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Developmental Neuroscience ,Diabetes mellitus ,Medicine ,Neurology (clinical) ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,business - Published
- 2019
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33. Working Memory Differences Between Fallers and Non Fallers
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Lindsay S. Nagamatsu and Michelle Y. S. Wong
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Working memory ,medicine ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Psychology - Published
- 2019
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34. Altered visual–spatial attention to task-irrelevant information is associated with falls risk in older adults
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Todd C. Handy, Teresa Liu-Ambrose, Lindsay S. Nagamatsu, and Michelle Munkacsy
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Male ,Aging ,medicine.medical_specialty ,genetic structures ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Visual space ,Visual Physiology ,Poison control ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Audiology ,Article ,Functional Laterality ,Developmental psychology ,Perceptual Disorders ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,Reaction Time ,medicine ,Humans ,Association (psychology) ,Aged ,Analysis of Variance ,Electroencephalography ,Visual spatial attention ,Visual field ,Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ,Space Perception ,Fixation (visual) ,Evoked Potentials, Visual ,Accidental Falls ,Female ,Visual Fields ,Psychology ,Photic Stimulation - Abstract
Executive cognitive functions play a critical role in falls risk – a pressing health care issue in seniors. In particular, intact attentional processing is integral for safe mobility and navigation. However, the specific contribution of impaired visual-spatial attention in falls remains unclear. In this study, we examined the association between visual-spatial attention to task-irrelevant stimuli and falls risk in community-dwelling older adults. Participants completed a visual target discrimination task at fixation while task-irrelevant probes were presented in both visual fields. We assessed attention to left and right peripheral probes using event-related potentials (ERPs). Falls risk was determined using the valid and reliable Physiological Profile Assessment (PPA). We found a significantly positive association between reduced attentional facilitation, as measured by the N1 ERP component, and falls risk. This relationship was specific to probes presented in the left visual field and measured at ipsilateral electrode sites. Our results suggest that fallers exhibit reduced attention to the left side of visual space and provide evidence that impaired right hemispheric function and/or structure may contribute to falls.
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- 2013
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35. Sex differences in exercise efficacy to improve cognition: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials in older humans
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Cindy K. Barha, Ryan S. Falck, Lindsay S. Nagamatsu, Teresa Liu-Ambrose, and Jennifer C. Davis
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Aging ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,Executive Function ,0302 clinical medicine ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Cognition ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Memory ,medicine ,Aerobic exercise ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Episodic memory ,Exercise ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,Sex Characteristics ,Exercise intervention ,Endocrine and Autonomic Systems ,Resistance training ,Executive functions ,3. Good health ,Exercise Therapy ,Meta-analysis ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Exercise is a non-pharmacological strategy to mitigate the deleterious effects of aging on brain health. However, a large amount of variation exists in its efficacy. Sex of participants and exercise type are two possible factors contributing to this variation. To better understand this, we conducted a concurrent systematic review and meta-analysis of cognitively healthy older adults. Executive functions, episodic memory, visuospatial function, word fluency, processing speed and global cognitive function were examined for exercise- and sex-dependent effects. For executive functions, three types of exercise interventions - aerobic training, resistance training, and multimodal training (i.e., both aerobic and resistance training) - were associated with larger effect sizes in studies comprised of a higher percentage of women compared to studies with a lower percentage of women. This suggests that women's executive processes may benefit more from exercise than men. Regardless of sex, compared to control, all three exercise training approaches enhanced visuospatial function, but only multimodal training enhanced episodic memory. Overall, aerobic training led to greater benefits than resistance training in global cognitive function and executive functions, while multimodal combined training led to greater benefits than aerobic training for global cognitive function, episodic memory, and word fluency. Possible underlying mechanisms, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor and sex steroid hormones, are discussed.
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- 2016
36. Personalising exercise recommendations for brain health: considerations and future directions
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Cindy K. Barha, Teresa Liu-Ambrose, Lindsay S. Nagamatsu, Kirk I. Erickson, and Liisa A.M. Galea
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0301 basic medicine ,Gerontology ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Physical activity ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Health Promotion ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Promotion (rank) ,Cognition ,Sex Factors ,Medicine ,Dementia ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Exercise ,media_common ,business.industry ,Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ,Brain ,Resistance Training ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Biological sex ,030104 developmental biology ,Physical therapy ,Female ,Cognitive ageing ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
The societal value of strategies that delay the onset and progression of dementia cannot be overstated. Physical activity—unstructured and structured—is a promising, cost-effective strategy for the promotion of brain health. However, a large degree of variation exists in its efficacy. Therefore, to increase its utility as ‘medication’ for healthy cognitive ageing, it is imperative to identify key moderators and mediators of the positive effects of targeted exercise training on brain health. In this commentary, we focus on the type of targeted exercise training, the determinants of individual variation, including biological sex and genotypic factors, and the mechanisms by which exercise exerts its influence on the brain. We argue that a better understanding of these factors will allow for evidence-based, personalised, tailored exercise recommendations that go beyond the one-size-fits-all approach to successfully combat dementia.
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- 2016
37. White Matter Volume Mediates the Relationship Between Self-Efficacy and Mobility in Older Women
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Teresa Liu-Ambrose, Lindsay S. Nagamatsu, Jennifer C. Davis, Chun Liang Hsu, and John R. Best
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Gerontology ,Aging ,Cross-sectional study ,Context (language use) ,Pilot Projects ,Walking ,050105 experimental psychology ,Article ,White matter ,03 medical and health sciences ,Executive Function ,Structure-Activity Relationship ,0302 clinical medicine ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Mobility Limitation ,General Psychology ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Balance (ability) ,Aged ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,Self-efficacy ,05 social sciences ,Age Factors ,Montreal Cognitive Assessment ,Resistance Training ,White Matter ,Self Efficacy ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Brain size ,Female ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Background/Study Context: With our aging population, understanding determinants of healthy aging is a priority. One essential component of healthy aging is mobility. Although self-efficacy can directly impact mobility in older adults, it is unknown what role brain health may play in this relationship.The authors conducted a cross-sectional pilot analysis of community-dwelling women (N = 80, mean age = 69 years) to examine whether brain volume mediates the relationship between falls-related self-efficacy, as measured by the Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) scale, and mobility, as measured by the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. Age, depression, education, functional comorbidities, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were included in the model as covariates.The authors report that total white matter volume, specifically, significantly mediates the relationship between self-efficacy and mobility, where higher self-efficacy was associated with greater white matter volume (r = .28), which, in turn, was associated with better mobility (r = -.30).This pilot study extends our understanding of the psychosocial and neurological factors that contribute to mobility and provides insight into effective strategies that may be used to improve functional independence among older adults. Future prospective and intervention studies are required to further elucidate the nature of the relationship between self-efficacy, mobility, and brain health.
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- 2016
38. Basics of neuroanatomy and neurophysiology
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C K, Barha, L S, Nagamatsu, and T, Liu-Ambrose
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Central Nervous System ,Humans - Abstract
This chapter presents an overview of the anatomy and functioning of the central nervous system. We begin the discussion by first examining the cellular basis of neural transmission. Then we present a brief description of the brain's white and gray matter and associated diseases, including a discussion of white-matter lesions. Finally, we place this information into context by discussing how the central nervous system integrates complex information to guide key functional systems, including the visual, auditory, chemosensory, somatic, limbic, motor, and autonomic systems. Where appropriate, we have supplied information pertaining to pathologic and functional outcomes of damage to the central nervous system. Also included is a brief description of important tools and methods used in the study of neuroanatomy and neurophysiology. Overall, this chapter provides a basic review of the concepts required to understand and interpret the clinical disorders and related material presented in the subsequent chapters of this book.
- Published
- 2016
39. The Neurocognitive Basis for Impaired Dual-Task Performance in Senior Fallers
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Alison Chan, B. Lynn Beattie, Michelle W. Voss, C. Liang Hsu, Teresa Liu-Ambrose, Lindsay S. Nagamatsu, Niousha Bolandzadeh, Peter Graf, and Todd C. Handy
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Gerontology ,Aging ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Poison control ,Timed Up and Go test ,050105 experimental psychology ,lcsh:RC321-571 ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Neuroimaging ,medicine ,Memory span ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,fallers ,lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,dual-task ,Original Research ,falls risk ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,05 social sciences ,fMRI ,Cognition ,aging neuroscience ,Psychology ,Functional magnetic resonance imaging ,Neurocognitive ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Stroop effect ,Neuroscience - Abstract
Falls are a major health-care concern, and while dual-task performance is widely recognized as being impaired in those at-risk for falls, the underlying neurocognitive mechanisms remain unknown. A better understanding of the underlying mechanisms could lead to the refinement and development of behavioral, cognitive, or neuropharmacological interventions for falls prevention. Therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional study with community-dwelling older adults aged 70–80 years with a history of falls (i.e., two or more falls in the past 12 months) or no history of falls (i.e., zero falls in the past 12 months); n = 28 per group. We compared functional activation during cognitive-based dual-task performance between fallers and non-fallers using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Executive cognitive functioning was assessed via Stroop, Trail Making, and Digit Span. Mobility was assessed via the Timed Up and Go test (TUG). We found that non-fallers exhibited significantly greater functional activation compared with fallers during dual-task performance in key regions responsible for resolving dual-task interference, including precentral, postcentral, and lingual gyri. Further, we report slower reaction times during dual-task performance in fallers and significant correlations between level of functional activation and independent measures of executive cognitive functioning and mobility. Our study is the first neuroimaging study to examine dual-task performance in fallers, and supports the notion that fallers have reduced functional brain activation compared with non-fallers. Given that dual-task performance—and the underlying neural concomitants—appears to be malleable with relevant training, our study serves as a launching point for promising strategies to reduce falls in the future.
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- 2016
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40. Exercise Mode Moderates the Relationship Between Mobility and Basal Ganglia Volume in Healthy Older Adults
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Edward McAuley, Andrea M. Weinstein, Kirk I. Erickson, Arthur F. Kramer, Elizabeth A. Awick, Lindsay S. Nagamatsu, and Jason Fanning
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,Caudate nucleus ,Timed Up and Go test ,Motor Activity ,Basal Ganglia ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Cognition ,Reference Values ,Basal ganglia ,medicine ,Aerobic exercise ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Mobility Limitation ,Exercise ,Balance (ability) ,Aged ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Putamen ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Exercise Therapy ,Brain size ,Female ,sense organs ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,Functional magnetic resonance imaging ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
Objectives To examine whether 12 months of aerobic training (AT) moderated the relationship between change in mobility and change in basal ganglia volume than balance and toning (BAT) exercises in older adults. Design Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Setting Champaign-Urbana, Illinois. Participants Community-dwelling older adults (N = 101; mean age 66.4). Intervention Twelve-month exercise trial with two groups: AT and BAT. Measurements Mobility was assessed using the Timed Up and Go test. Basal ganglia (putamen, caudate nucleus, pallidum) was segmented from T1-weighted magnetic resonance images using the Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain Software Library Integrated Registration and Segmentation Tool. Measurements were obtained at baseline and trial completion. Hierarchical multiple regression was conducted to examine whether exercise mode moderates the relationship between change in mobility and change in basal ganglia volume over 12 months. Age, sex, and education were included as covariates. Results Exercise significantly moderated the relationship between change in mobility and change in left putamen volume. Specifically, for the AT group, volume of the left putamen did not change, regardless of change in mobility. Similarly, in the BAT group, those who improved their mobility most over 12 months had no change in left putamen volume, although left putamen volume of those who declined in mobility levels decreased significantly. Conclusion The primary finding that older adults who engaged in 12 months of BAT training and improved mobility exhibited maintenance of brain volume in an important region responsible for motor control provides compelling evidence that such exercises can contribute to the promotion of functional independence and healthy aging.
- Published
- 2016
41. Basics of neuroanatomy and neurophysiology
- Author
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Lindsay S. Nagamatsu, Cindy K. Barha, and Teresa Liu-Ambrose
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Cellular basis ,Sensory system ,Neurophysiology ,Functional system ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Motor system ,medicine ,Neural transmission ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Neuroanatomy - Abstract
This chapter presents an overview of the anatomy and functioning of the central nervous system. We begin the discussion by first examining the cellular basis of neural transmission. Then we present a brief description of the brain's white and gray matter and associated diseases, including a discussion of white-matter lesions. Finally, we place this information into context by discussing how the central nervous system integrates complex information to guide key functional systems, including the visual, auditory, chemosensory, somatic, limbic, motor, and autonomic systems. Where appropriate, we have supplied information pertaining to pathologic and functional outcomes of damage to the central nervous system. Also included is a brief description of important tools and methods used in the study of neuroanatomy and neurophysiology. Overall, this chapter provides a basic review of the concepts required to understand and interpret the clinical disorders and related material presented in the subsequent chapters of this book.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Examining the relationship between specific cognitive processes and falls risk in older adults: a systematic review
- Author
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Chun Liang Hsu, Lindsay S. Nagamatsu, Teresa Liu-Ambrose, and Jennifer C. Davis
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Gerontology ,business.industry ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,MEDLINE ,Poison control ,Human factors and ergonomics ,Cognition ,Executive functions ,Article ,Occupational safety and health ,Executive Function ,Systematic review ,Risk Factors ,Injury prevention ,Humans ,Medicine ,Accidental Falls ,Cognition Disorders ,business ,Aged - Abstract
This systematic review aims to establish which cognitive domains are associated with falls or falls risk. Recent evidence suggests that impaired cognition increases seniors' risk of falling. The purpose of this review was to identify the cognitive domains that are significantly associated with falls or falls risk in older adults. We conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed journal articles published from 1948 to present, focusing on studies investigating different domains of cognitive function and their association with falls or falls risk in adults aged 60 years or older. In accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we completed a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE databases to identify studies examining the association between cognitive function and falls or falls risk. With an expert in the field, we developed a quality assessment questionnaire to rate the quality of the studies included in this systematic review. Twenty-five studies were included in the review. We categorized studies based on two related but distinct cognitive domains: (1) executive functions or (2) dual-task ability. Twelve studies reported a significant association between executive functions and falls risk. Thirteen studies reported that dual-task performance is a predictor of falls or falls risk in older adults. Three studies did not report an association between cognition and falls risk. Consistent evidence demonstrated that executive functions and dual-task performance were highly associated with falls or falls risk. The results from this review will aid healthcare professionals and researchers in developing innovative screening and treatment strategies for mitigating falls risk by targeting specific cognitive domains.
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- 2012
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43. AEROBIC EXERCISE PROMOTES EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONING AND ASSOCIATED FUNCTIONAL NEUROPLASTICITY
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Jennifer C. Davis, C. Hsu, Michelle W. Voss, Teresa Liu-Ambrose, Lindsay S. Nagamatsu, Shirley Wang, John R. Best, and Robin Hsiung
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Health (social science) ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Ischemia ,Cognition ,medicine.disease ,Executive functions ,Health Professions (miscellaneous) ,law.invention ,Abstracts ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Neuroplasticity ,medicine ,Aerobic exercise ,Life-span and Life-course Studies ,business ,Functional magnetic resonance imaging ,Eriksen flanker task - Abstract
Vascular cognitive ischaemia (VCI) is the second most common type of cognitive dysfunction worldwide and is due to cerebrovascular disease. While targeted aerobic exercise is a promising approach to delay the progression of VCI by reducing cardiometabolic risk factors, few randomized controlled trials to date have specifically assessed the efficacy of aerobic exercise on cognitive and brain outcomes in this high-risk group. Thus, the goal of this secondary analysis study was to examine the effect of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training on executive functions and functional neural plasticity among older adults with mild subcortical ischaemic vascular cognitive impairment (SIVCI). Seventy-one older adults with mild SIVCI were randomly assigned to: 1) a 6-month, 3x/week aerobic training (AT; n=36) or usual care (CON; n=35). This secondary analysis included 21 (mean age 71.5 years) participants; 10 from AT group and 11 from CON group. All 21 participants completed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) sessions at baseline and trial-completion. During the fMRI sessions, performance on the Eriksen flanker task and task-evoked neural activity were assessed. At trial completion, after adjusting for baseline MoCA, baseline total white matter lesion volume, and baseline performance, compared with the CON group, the AT group significantly improved flanker task performance. Moreover, compared with the CON, the AT group demonstrated reduced activation in the left lateral occipital cortex and right superior temporal gyrus. Reduced activity in these brain regions was significantly associated with improved (i.e., faster) flanker task performance at trial completion, suggesting aerobic training increased neural efficiency. Thus, aerobic training among older adults with mild SIVCI can improve executive functions and neural efficiency of associated brain areas.
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- 2017
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44. Bootstrap analysis of the single subject with event related potentials
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Jason J.S. Barton, Todd C. Handy, Kirsten A. Dalrymple, Lindsay S. Nagamatsu, Olave E. Krigolson, and Ipek Oruc
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Adult ,Male ,Adolescent ,Feedback, Psychological ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Statistics, Nonparametric ,Error-related negativity ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Event-related potential ,Statistical significance ,Statistics ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Humans ,Evoked Potentials ,Aged ,Analysis of Variance ,Neuropsychology ,Cognition ,Middle Aged ,Confidence interval ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Group analysis ,Face ,Female ,Analysis of variance ,Psychology ,Social psychology ,Photic Stimulation ,Behavioral Research - Abstract
Neural correlates of cognitive states in event-related potentials (ERPs) serve as markers for related cerebral processes. Although these are usually evaluated in subject groups, the ability to evaluate such markers statistically in single subjects is essential for case studies in neuropsychology. Here we investigated the use of a simple test based on nonparametric bootstrap confidence intervals for this purpose, by evaluating three different ERP phenomena: the face-selectivity of the N170, error-related negativity, and the P3 component in a Posner cueing paradigm. In each case, we compare single-subject analysis with statistical significance determined using bootstrap to conventional group analysis using analysis of variance (ANOVA). We found that the proportion of subjects who show a significant effect at the individual level based on bootstrap varied, being greatest for the N170 and least for the P3. Furthermore, it correlated with significance at the group level. We conclude that the bootstrap methodology can be a viable option for interpreting single-case ERP amplitude effects in the right setting, probably with well-defined stereotyped peaks that show robust differences at the group level, which may be more characteristic of early sensory components than late cognitive effects.
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- 2011
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45. Observation and Analysis of Small Inclination of Thymine Molecules on Graphite
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Ahsan Habib, Nobuo Ueno, R. Nakagawa, M. Aoki, Shigeru Masuda, N. Mitsuo, Takuya Hosokai, S. Nagamatsu, and Satoshi Kera
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Chemistry ,Electron spectroscopy ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Dipole ,General Energy ,Atom ,Monolayer ,Molecular orbital ,Vacuum level ,Graphite ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Atomic physics ,Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy - Abstract
The orientation of vacuum-sublimated thymine molecules on graphite was studied by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) and metastable atom electron spectroscopy (MAES). MAES gave pronounced band intensity enhancement for π molecular orbitals, which confirms the nearly lying-down orientation of the molecules proposed by Uchihashi et al. (Appl. Surf. Sci. 2000, 157, 244). In UPS, a lowering of the vacuum level was observed upon monolayer formation and attributed to inclination of the molecular dipoles from the surface. The tilt angle of the molecular plane was estimated to be 2.1−4.4° by applying the Helmholtz equation to the vacuum level shift.
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- 2010
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46. Dual-Task Gait Performance Among Community-Dwelling Senior Women: The Role of Balance Confidence and Executive Functions
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Maureen C. Ashe, Lindsay S. Nagamatsu, Chun Liang Hsu, Lindsay A Katarynych, and Teresa Liu-Ambrose
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Aging ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Rehabilitation ,Working memory ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Cognitive flexibility ,Neuropsychology ,Cognition ,Executive functions ,Developmental psychology ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Gait (human) ,Task Performance and Analysis ,Linear Models ,medicine ,Humans ,Female ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,Psychology ,Gait ,Postural Balance ,Aged ,Balance (ability) - Abstract
Background. Exploring factors that contribute to dual-task gait performance among seniors is of particular interest in falls prevention because dual-task – related gait changes are associated with increased falls risk. It is unclear currently which specifi c executive processes are most relevant to dual-task gait performance and whether “ balance confi dence ” is independently associated with dual-task gait performance. Methods. A cross-sectional analysis of 140 senior women aged 65 – 75 years old. Balance confi dence was assessed by the Activities-Specifi c Balance Confi dence scale. Three key executive processes were assessed by standard neuropsychological tests: (i) set shifting, (ii) working memory, and (iii) response inhibition. Dual-task gait performance was assessed by the simple and complex versions of the walking while talking (WWT) test. Two linear regression models were constructed to determine the independent association of executive functions and balance confi dence with: (i) simple WWT completion time and (ii) complex WWT completion time. Results. Balance confi dence was indepe ndently associated with both simple and complex WWT completion times after accounting for age, time to walk 40 ft without talking, and global cognition. Set shifting was independently associated with complex WWT completion time; no executive processes were independently associated with simple WWT completion time. Conclusions. This study highlights that balance confi dence is independently associated with dual-task gait performance. Furthermore, executive functions do not play a signifi cant role in dual-task gait performance when the concurrent cognitive load is low. Clinicians may need to consider balance confi dence and executive functions in the assessment and rehabilitation of dual-task gait performance among community-dwelling seniors.
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- 2009
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47. Fatigue strength of small-notched specimens under variable amplitude loading within the fatigue limit diagram
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Yoshiyuki Kondo, Masanobu Kubota, S. Nagamatsu, and Chu Sakae
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Materials science ,business.industry ,Mechanical Engineering ,Diagram ,Fracture mechanics ,Structural engineering ,Mechanics ,Fatigue limit ,Stress (mechanics) ,Crack closure ,Amplitude ,Mechanics of Materials ,Fracture (geology) ,General Materials Science ,business ,Stress concentration - Abstract
Although the fatigue limit diagram is defined in principle for constant stress amplitude, it is often considered that fatigue failure would not occur, even in varying loading, if applied stresses were kept within the fatigue limit diagram. However, it was shown in the case of small-notched specimens that fatigue failure occurred in some special cases of variable amplitude loading, even when all stress amplitudes were kept within the fatigue limit diagram. The cause of this phenomenon was examined using two-step stress and repeated two-step stress patterns in which the first step stress was chosen to be equal to the fatigue limit with zero mean stress and a mean stress was superposed on the second step stress. A non-propagating crack was formed by the first step stress. This crack functioned as a pre-crack for the second step stress with high mean stress. Consequently, fatigue failure occurred even when all stress amplitudes were kept within the fatigue limit diagram. It was an unexpected fracture caused by the interference effect of a non-propagating crack and a mean stress change.
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- 2007
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48. Changing trends in the number of deaths from soft tissue sarcoma in Japan, 1955-2002
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S. Nagamatsu and H. Ohtsuka
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Male ,Long span ,medicine.medical_specialty ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Soft Tissue Neoplasms ,Age Distribution ,Japan ,Humans ,Medicine ,Sex Distribution ,Statistical survey ,Aged ,media_common ,Aged, 80 and over ,business.industry ,Mortality rate ,Soft tissue sarcoma ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Sarcoma ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Confidence interval ,Surgery ,Oncology ,Female ,Christian ministry ,business ,Welfare ,Demography - Abstract
The incidence and number of deaths from soft tissue sarcoma (STS) have been reported to increase in many countries. However, those in Japan have not been analysed over a long span of time. The objective of this study was to analyse the changing trends in the number of deaths from STS in Japan. We analysed the annual trends in the number of deaths from STS from 1955 to 2002 in Japan using the data from the Vital Statistics of Japan, Statistics and Information Department, Minister's Secretariat, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. Until 2000, the number of deaths from STS had increased. The recent value of the annual increased ratio of deaths from STS was 0.5%[95% confidence interval (CI): -1.2-2.2%]. Men continued to have a higher number of deaths than women. The general trends in age-standardized death rates were roughly upward before 1995, although the death rates tended to decrease thereafter. The number and proportion of deaths at or after 60 years of age were increasing. The peak age group of deaths was roughly the sixties before 1982, and the seventies after 1983. The individuals in their sixties and seventies should be the focus of health promotion activities.
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- 2006
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49. Aerobic exercise increases hippocampal volume in older women with probable mild cognitive impairment: a 6-month randomised controlled trial
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Jennifer C. Davis, Chun Liang Hsu, Lindsay S. Nagamatsu, Karim Miran-Khan, Niousha Bolandzadeh, Lisanne F. ten Brinke, and Teresa Liu-Ambrose
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Gerontology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Strength training ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Hippocampal formation ,Audiology ,Verbal learning ,Hippocampus ,Article ,Medicine ,Aerobic exercise ,Dementia ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Cognitive Dysfunction ,Single-Blind Method ,Cognitive decline ,Exercise ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Memory Disorders ,business.industry ,Cognition ,Resistance Training ,General Medicine ,Organ Size ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Treatment Outcome ,Female ,Verbal memory ,business - Abstract
Background Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a well-recognised risk factor for dementia and represents a vital opportunity for intervening. Exercise is a promising strategy for combating cognitive decline by improving brain structure and function. Specifically, aerobic training (AT) improved spatial memory and hippocampal volume in healthy community-dwelling older adults. In older women with probable MCI, we previously demonstrated that resistance training (RT) and AT improved memory. In this secondary analysis, we investigated: (1) the effect of RT and AT on hippocampal volume and (2) the association between change in hippocampal volume and change in memory. Methods 86 women aged 70–80 years with probable MCI were randomly assigned to a 6-month, twice-weekly programme of: (1) AT, (2) RT or (3) balance and tone training (BAT; ie, control). At baseline and trial completion, participants performed a 3T MRI scan to determine hippocampal volume. Verbal memory and learning were assessed by Rey9s Auditory Verbal Learning Test. Results Compared with the BAT group, AT significantly improved left, right and total hippocampal volumes (p≤0.03). After accounting for baseline cognitive function and experimental group, increased left hippocampal volume was independently associated with reduced verbal memory and learning performance as indexed by loss after interference (r=0.42, p=0.03). Conclusions Aerobic training significantly increased hippocampal volume in older women with probable MCI. More research is needed to ascertain the relevance of exercise-induced changes in hippocampal volume on memory performance in older adults with MCI. Trail registration number NCT00958867.
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- 2014
50. Disruptions in brain networks of older fallers are associated with subsequent cognitive decline: a 12-month prospective exploratory study
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Michelle W. Voss, Alison Chan, Chun Liang Hsu, Todd C. Handy, Lindsay S. Nagamatsu, Teresa Liu-Ambrose, Niousha Bolandzadeh, and Jennifer C. Davis
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Aging ,Poison control ,lcsh:Medicine ,Cognition ,Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Psychology ,Attention ,Prospective Studies ,Cognitive decline ,lcsh:Science ,Default mode network ,Aged, 80 and over ,Multidisciplinary ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Cognitive Neurology ,Brain ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Neurology ,Research Article ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Computer and Information Sciences ,Neural Networks ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Neuroimaging ,Motor Reactions ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Mental Health and Psychiatry ,medicine ,Dementia ,Humans ,Aged ,Behavior ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,Cognitive Psychology ,Biology and Life Sciences ,medicine.disease ,Finger tapping ,Physical therapy ,Cognitive Science ,Accidental Falls ,lcsh:Q ,Functional magnetic resonance imaging ,business ,Organism Development ,Stroop effect ,Developmental Biology ,Neuroscience - Abstract
Cognitive impairment and impaired mobility are major public health concerns. There is growing recognition that impaired mobility is an early biomarker of cognitive impairment and dementia. The neural basis for this association is currently unclear. We propose disrupted functional connectivity as a potential mechanism. In this 12-month prospective exploratory study, we compared functional connectivity of four brain networks- the default mode network (DMN), fronto-executive network (FEN), fronto-parietal network (FPN), and the primary motor sensory network (SMN) - between community-dwelling older adults with ≥ two falls in the last 12 months and their non-falling counterparts (≤ one fall in the last 12 months). Functional connectivity was examined both at rest and during a simple motor tapping task. Compared with non-fallers, fallers showed more connectivity between the DMN and FPN during right finger tapping (p = 0.04), and significantly less functional connectivity between the SMN and FPN during rest (p≤0.05). Less connectivity between the SMN and FPN during rest was significantly associated with greater decline in both cognitive function and mobility over the12-month period (r = -0.32 and 0.33 respectively; p≤0.04). Thus, a recent history of multiple falls among older adults without a diagnosis of dementia may indicate sub-clinical changes in brain function and increased risk for subsequent decline. Language: en
- Published
- 2014
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