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To clarify the details of mothers' employment status after the completion of their child's cancer treatment.A cross-sectional exploratory study.Data are collected from 62 mothers of childhood cancer survivors using self-report questionnaires. Fisher's exact test was used to determine the statistical significance of factors between the mothers who worked and those who did not work after their child's cancer treatment had been completed.Thirty-two mothers worked after the completion of their child's cancer treatment. There were significant differences in age, education level, employment status at the diagnosis and time elapsed since the diagnosis between the working mothers and non-working mothers. Twenty-two non-working mothers reported that they had some motivation to work, but the most common reason for not working was "To nurse or care for the child with cancer". Some mothers also stated that they did not work due to anxiety about cancer recurrence.

Aim We examined accuracy of nurses’ clinical judgement of graft‐versus‐host‐disease (GVHD) symptoms and related factors using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) for patients who developed chronic cutaneous GVHD after haematopoietic stem cell transplants. Design Cross‐sectional design using nationwide survey. Methods A questionnaire survey based on Tanner's clinical judgement model to assess patients with chronic cutaneous GVHD using CTCAE was used. Free‐text descriptions and statistical analyses of relationship between correct responses and demographic data were performed. Results The rate of correct responses for main symptoms of skin GVHD was

BACKGROUND Family members of children with cancer experience various long-term effects as a result of cancer diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, comprehensive and long-term support is needed. As the employment rate of women has increased in recent years, support for working mothers with children diagnosed with cancer is also required. OBJECTIVE We investigated the following issues and relevant changes that working mothers of children diagnosed with cancer must deal with: (1) work change, (2) stress, (3) social support, (4) work motivation, and (5) employment status after diagnosis. METHODS A cross-sectional exploratory study design was used. Data were collected from 62 mothers of children who were diagnosed with cancer using self-report questionnaires. RESULTS Of the 32 mothers who worked at the time of diagnosis, 10 continued to work, 12 took an extended leave, and 10 quit working, and 70% lost motivation for work following diagnosis. Half of mothers who continued to work during treatment reported financial reasons. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that mothers who quit work following diagnosis did not initially consider a long leave of absence. Even mothers who continued to work during treatment desired a long leave of absence to care for their children. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Nurses should provide mothers with explanations of the prospects after the completion of cancer treatment and determine their expectations for their lifestyle and work during treatment. We recommend that nurses confirm mothers' willingness to take a long leave of absence from work and give relevant advice about seeking financial assistance.

Background: The Self-Directed Learning Readiness Scale for Nursing Education (SDLRSNE) assesses the extent to which an individual has the characteristics, capabilities, and attitudes required for self-directed learning. This study aimed to validate the Japanese version of the SDLRSNE with graduate-level nursing students. Method: Confirma-tory factor analyses, using data from a cross-sectional online survey of 376 nursing students, were conducted to examine construct validity. Relationships with potential related factors were analyzed to evaluate construct validity. Reliability was evaluated with item analysis and Cronbach's alpha. Results: Factor analyses revealed that three-factor and individual subscale models had a moderate-to-poor fit. No meaningful relationship with potential related factors was noted. Reliability measurements indicated a moderate fit to data. Conclusion: This study could not confirm that the Japanese version of the SDLRSNE had acceptable levels of reliability and validity when tested with graduate-level nursing students. Further research is needed to examine the psychometric properties of the Japanese version of the SDLRSNE with other adult nursing learners or with graduate-level nursing students in other countries. [ J Nurs Educ. 2016;55(2):65–71.]

To examine the relationship between cancer-related fatigue (CRF) and physical activity in daily living in premenopausal disease-free cervical and endometrial cancer survivors.A physical activity monitor was used to collect objective data on daily physical activity. CRF and related variables were measured using self-report scales in a cross-sectional manner.The average age was 44.9 years among 64 women. The higher CRF group comprised 22 women (34%), 10% of whom had severe fatigue. The participants had higher physical activity levels compared with the findings in previous studies, and reported an average of 40 min/day of moderate to vigorous activity. Moderate to vigorous levels of physical activity were derived from essential social activities rather than leisure time exercise. There were no significant differences in physical activity levels between the lower and higher CRF groups.Our study results suggested that the higher level of physical activity in daily living itself had no relationship with decreasing CRF among premenopausal cervical and endometrial cancer survivors. It would be better to focus on cognitive and psychological factors before introducing physical activity programs and be careful of the characteristics of the participants' physical activity among this population in daily basis.

Objective: The aim was to explore the ratio of and differences in academic difficulties experienced by nursing graduates with associate or diploma degrees and baccalaureate degrees and the factors related to these difficulties.Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional online survey was conducted with graduate students in the master’s program in nursing from 144 graduate schools throughout Japan. Data were collected from November 2014 to December 2014. Of 1,366 potential respondents, 304 completed the survey (22.3%) and the data of 268 respondents who met the criterion were included in analysis. Experience of academic difficulties was regressed onto characteristics of respondents, such as nursing degree, Self-Directed Learning Readiness (SDLR) score, and having experience in academic activities.Results: Of the respondents, 227 (84.7%) reported they have always or frequently experienced academic difficulties. However, there was no difference in the extent of academic difficulties experienced by respondents with the different nursing degrees. Not having experience in academic activities (odds ratio [OR] = 2.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-4.25) and reporting SDLR score less than 150 points (OR = 2.40; 95% CI, 1.18-4.83) were significantly associated with academic difficulties in the graduate school.Conclusions: Most respondents experienced academic difficulties. To promote effective education in the graduate school, pre-educational programs conducted by universities where students can gain experience in academic activities may be effective in reducing academic difficulties experienced by them. Simultaneously, examining how to inculcate an autonomous learning attitude is necessary for both nursing graduate students and graduate schools.

s / European Journal of Oncology Nursing 17 (2013) 892–899 895 categories: safety management (self-removal of central venous catheter (CVC) and falling), infection control (skin care, oral care and management of respiratory infection), difficulties in daily nursing care (oral medication and toilet support) and psychosocial problems (anxiety and stress among family). The risk of self-removal of CVC was significantly correlated with only lower age. However there was no correlation between other problems and variables (DQ, type of leukemia and presence of autism). All issues were addressed collaboratively with multi-disciplinary team including child life specialist, nursery teacher, and medical social worker.