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With the in-depth reform of education, taking students as the center, letting students master the basic knowledge of the theory, but also training students’ practical skills, is an important goal of the current artificial intelligence curriculum teaching reform. As a new learning method, deep learning is applied to the teaching of artificial intelligence courses, which can not only give play to students’ subjective initiative, but also improve the efficiency of students’ classroom learning. In order to explore the specific application of deep learning in the teaching of artificial intelligence courses, this article analyzes the key points of the application of deep learning in artificial intelligence courses. In addition, further explores the application strategies of deep learning in artificial intelligence courses. As it aims to provide some useful references to improve the actual efficiency of artificial intelligence course teaching.

The relationship between lead exposure and neurological disorders has been extensively studied, but the effects of lead exposure on hepatotoxicity are unknown. Metabolically related fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is an update of previous non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It redefines the diagnostic conditions and emphasizes metabolic factors while considering non-alcoholic factors. Lead can affect the endocrine system and metabolism, so we believe that lead exposure may contribute to MAFLD. 41,723 individuals who had undergone blood lead testing from 2005 to 2018 in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database were selected for this study. The characteristics of population lead exposure in the last decade or so, the effect of lead exposure on liver function and whether lead exposure can cause MAFLD were analyzed. Co-variates were adjusted according to age, ethnicity, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, visceral adiposity index (VAI), poverty indices (PIR), diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. The results showed that blood lead concentrations stabilized at a low level after a decreasing trend from year to year. The differences in blood lead concentrations were associated with differences in age, sex, race, education level, and PIR. Lead exposure was an independent risk factor for MAFLD, and lead and nine other factors were used as independent risk factors for MAFLD, so a nomogram was established to predict the prevalence probability of MAFLD.

Intracellular protein delivery has attracted increasing attentions in biomedical applications. However, current delivery systems usually have poor serum stability due to the competitive binding of serum proteins to the polymers during delivery. Here, we report a reversible cross-linking strategy to improve the serum stability of polymers for robust intracellular protein delivery. In the proposed delivery system, nanoparticles are assembled by cargo proteins and cationic polymers and further stabilized by a glutathione-cleavable and traceless cross-linker. The cross-linked nanoparticles show high stability and efficient cell internalization in serum containing medium and can release the cargo proteins in response to intracellular glutathione and acidic pH in a traceless manner. The generality and versatility of the proposed strategy were demonstrated on different types of cationic polymers, cargo proteins, as well as cell lines. The study provides a facile and efficient method for improving the serum tolerance of cationic polymers in intracellular protein delivery.

In order to study the influence of construction parameters on settlement when a pipe jacking machine with a rectangular section passes through weak watery stratum with variable slopes, based on the pipe jacking construction project of utility tunnel on Yangtze River Avenue, this paper analyzes the technical data of the pipe jacking machine, which includes changes of jacking force, frontal earth pressure and correction of elevation at different jacking distances, then tries to illustrate the correlation between these operational parameters and soil settlement. The on-site monitoring data of surface settlement on different dates is also be analyzed to evaluate the effect of the controlling countermeasures. Finally, some effective measures and key points are put forward to provide a reference for similar jacking projects in the future.

Protein delivery is of central importance for both diagnostic and therapeutic applications. However, protein delivery faces challenges including poor endosomal escape and thus limited efficiency. Here, we report the facile construction and screening of a small library of cationic helical polypeptides for cytosolic protein delivery. The library is based on a random copolymer poly(γ-{2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy}esteryl-L-glutamate)-randompoly(γ-6-chlorohexyl-L-glutamate)[P(EG3-r-ClC6)Glu], which is then modified with various pyridine derivatives and alkyl thiols. Flow Cytometry, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and viability assay collaboratively identify two leading polymers, showing efficient delivery of enhanced green fluorescent protein(eGFP) and low cytotoxicity. This finding is further validated by the cytosolic delivery of RNase A and cytochrome C(Cyt C) to HeLa cells in the viability assay. Together, this work demonstrates that high-throughput screening is an effective and viable approach to the selection of cationic helical polypeptides for the cytosolic delivery of functional proteins.

Intracellular protein delivery has been a major challenge due to various physiological barriers including low proteolytic stability and poor membrane permeability of the biologics. Nanoparticles were widely proposed to deliver cargo proteins into cells by endocytosis, however, the materials and complexes with proteins are often entrapped in endosomes and subject to lysosome degradation. In this study, we report a piperazine modified dendrimer for stabilizing the complexes via a combination of electrostatic interaction and hydrophobic interactions. The complexes show rapid cell internalization and the loaded proteins are released into the cytosols as early as half an hour post incubation. Mechanism study suggests that the complexes are endocytosed into cells via caveolae-based pathways, which could be inhibited by inhibitors such as genistein, filipin III, brefeldin A and nystatin. The phenylpiperazine-modified polymer enables the delivery of cargo proteins with reserved bioactivity and show high permeability in three-dimensional cell spheroids. The results prove the beneficial roles of phenylpiperazine ligands in polymer-mediated cytosolic protein delivery systems. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: : We synthesized a list of piperazine and derivatives modified dendrimers as cytosolic protein delivery vectors via facile reactions. Phenylpiperazine modification enables the efficient protein binding through the combination of electrostatic, hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. Phenylpiperazine modified dendrimers were internalized into the cells via a caveolae-based endo/lysosome-independent path and could release the cargo proteins into the cytosols as early as half an hour post incubation. Phenylpiperazine modified dendrimers delivered cargo proteins with reserved bioactivity and showed high permeability in three-dimensional cell spheroids.

On aluminum alloys of grades 1060, 2024 and 7075, regular and highly uniform oxide films were formed by anodic oxidation. Anodizing was carried out at a constant pressure in a phosphoric acid solution of various concentrations. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), the optimal characteristics of the method of anodic oxidation for forming uniform oxide films on aluminum alloys were determined: anodic oxidation time, temperature, voltage and the concentration of H3PO4. It was found that, in the process of anodizing, the films have gone through four stages: a non-porosity stage, a mixed stage, an ordered porosity stage and a disordered porosity stage.

Since 2017, the rural revitalization strategy has been one of China's seven significant strategies for comprehensively building a modern and powerful socialist country. It has brought new development ideas and a powerful force for the Chengdu area to achieve the five goals of reform and development in rural areas represented by Linpan in Sichuan Policy support. This Project takes the Yongxing Linpan development project as an example, and the Project aims to what application on the Linpan settlements revitalization by using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) looks like, in terms of the digital survey, the building information modeling (BIM) construction, site analysis, and planning effects rendering. Why do people use UAVs as digital survey vehicles? How could people create a landscape information model by combining point cloud data and BIM? Do point cloud data caught by UAVs enhance the effects of the planning? These questions go beyond the mere forms of the digital record and object visualization to provide a unique insight into the function of UAVs in Linpan development projects.

Polymer conjugation is a clinically proven approach to generate long acting protein drugs with decreased immune responses. Although poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is one of the most commonly used conjugation partners due to its unstructured conformation, its therapeutic application is limited by its poor biodegradability, propensity to induce an anti-PEG immune response, and the resultant accelerated blood clearance (ABC) effect. Moreover, the prevailing preference of unstructured polymers for protein conjugation still lacks strong animal data support with appropriate control reagents. By using two biodegradable synthetic polypeptides with similar structural compositions (l-P(EG3Glu) and dl-P(EG3Glu)) for site-specific protein modification, in the current study, we systematically investigate the effect of the polymer conformation on the in vivo pharmacological performances of the resulting conjugates. Our results reveal that the conjugate l20K-IFN, interferon (IFN) modified with the helical polypeptide l-P(EG3Glu) shows improved binding affinity, in vitro antiproliferative activity, and in vivo efficacy compared to those modified with the unstructured polypeptide analogue dl-P(EG3Glu) or PEG. Moreover, l20K-IFN triggered significantly less antidrug and antipolymer antibodies than the other two. Importantly, the unusual findings observed in the IFN series are reproduced in a human growth hormone (GH) conjugate series. Subcutaneously infused l20K-GH, GH modified with l-P(EG3Glu), evokes considerably less anti-GH and antipolymer antibodies compared to those modified with dl-P(EG3Glu) or PEG (dl20K-GH or PEG20K–GH). As a result, repeated injections of dl20K-GH or PEG20K-GH, but not l20K-GH, result in a clear ABC effect and significantly diminished drug availability in the blood. Meanwhile, immature mouse bone marrow cells incubated with the helical l20K-GH exhibit decreased drug uptake and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines compared to those treated with one of the other two GH conjugates bearing unstructured polymers. Taken together, the current study highlights an urgent necessity to systematically reassess the pros and cons of choosing unstructured polymers for protein conjugation. Furthermore, our results also lay the foundation for the development of next-generation biohybrid drugs based on helical synthetic polypeptides., The covalent attachment of a helical polypeptide dramatically enhances the efficacy and reduces the unwanted immune response of protein drugs, which may suggest a new paradigm shift of drug design.

Background: Early treatment of neonatal biliary atresia (BA) and other end-stage liver diseases can delay or prevent the necessity of liver transplantation (LT). The establishment of a standardized clinical pediatric liver transplantation (PLT) biobank is the prerequisite for scientific research, which helps to provide a qualified sample resource platform for research. Methods: Following standardized procedures to establish biobanks, the operational processes and quality control system were formulated. Liver tissue, blood, and stool samples undergoing LT were regularly collected, managed, and stored. Systematic management was conducted in collected specimens and corresponding clinical information. Results: Since implementation in August 2018, we have enrolled 49 unique subjects (0-18 years of age); the biobank contains nearly 3000 biospecimen aliquots. The most common LT diagnosis is BA (61.23%). Conclusion: The establishment of this biobank is a valuable resource that incorporates detailed clinical and biological information. It will help accelerate the pace of PLT discovery research. ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04477967.

Hereditary spherocytosis is the most common cause of hemolytic anemia due to defects in the blood cell membrane. Partial splenic embolization (PSE) might significantly improve the effects of hemolysis in HS patients while preserving partial splenic function. However, due to the poor controllability of the scope of interventional embolization, PSE in pediatric HS had not been widely studied and applied. The present study is the first to propose that optimized PSE procedure to treat pediatric HS patients, which named super-selective partial splenic embolization (SPSE). We investigated the feasibility and effectiveness of SPSE. This study was conducted by retrospectively reviewing clinical data from HS patients treated by surgical treatments who were diagnosed at children’s hospital of Chongqing medical university from January 2015 to December 2019. Patients were divided into two groups according to treatment preference: SPSE (16 patients) group and total splenectomy (41 patients) group. The data were analyzed such as preoperative and postoperative leukocytes, hemoglobin, platelets, bilirubin, immunological indicators, and postoperative complications. The success rate of two groups were 100%. The improvement of hemolysis in patients after SPSE was not different from that after total splenectomy, and the effect can be maintained for a long time. The average hemoglobin value increased significantly from 6.97g/dL before SPSE to 12.2g/dL after SPSE (P=0.000). SPSE was performed without any serious complications. SPSE is a safe and effective treatment for moderate or severe HS in children.

Cyclization and polymer conjugation are two commonly used approaches for enhancing the pharmacological properties of protein drugs. However, cyclization of parental proteins often only affords a modest improvement in biochemical or cell-based in vitro assays. Moreover, very few studies have included a systematic pharmacological evaluation of cyclized protein-based therapeutics in live animals. On the other hand, polymer-conjugated proteins have longer circulation half-lives but usually show poor tumor penetration and suboptimal pharmacodynamics due to increased steric hindrance. We herein report the generation of a head-to-tail interferon–poly(α-amino acid) macrocycle conjugate circ-P(EG3Glu)20-IFN by combining the aforementioned two approaches. We then compared the antitumor pharmacological activity of this macrocycle conjugate against its linear counterparts, N-P(EG3Glu)20-IFN, C-IFN-P(EG3Glu)20, and C-IFN-PEG. Our results found circ-P(EG3Glu)20-IFN to show considerably greater stability, binding affini...

Heterogeneous catalysis of Fenton-like process provides new alternatives to overcome the drawbacks of traditional Fe2+-H2O2 system. Herein, the modification of Fe3O4 with SiO2/C in one-pot hydrothermal reaction to prepare Fe3O4/SiO2/C nanoparticles (FSCNP) for the Fenton-like catalysis in neutral environment is reported. FSCNP could catalyse the decomposition of H2O2 at various pH values to decolourise methylene blue (MB), in particular the neutral pH 7.5. Correspondingly, the chemical oxygen demanding of MB solution was significantly removed. FSCNP-H2O2 system was resistant to radical scavengers. Higher H2O2 concentration and temperature would accelerate the decolouration of MB in FSCNP-H2O2 system. The implications to the future applications of FSCNP in dye decolouration and water treatment are discussed.

The traditional Fenton system (Fe2+–H2O2) only works in an acidic environment and produces a large quantity of sludge. In this study, we reported that a Fe3O4/SiO2/C nanocomposite (FSCNC) could be used as a high-performance Fenton-like catalyst for the decoloration of methylene blue (MB). To prepare FSCNC, SiO2 was precipitated on Fe3O4 cores by the hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate, and the deposition of carbon was via the hydrothermal dehydrogenation of glucose. FSCNC showed much higher catalytic activity than naked Fe3O4 at a neutral pH of 7.5. Efficient decoloration of MB was achieved within 15 min in the FSCNC–H2O2 system. The FSCNC–H2O2 system worked well in the pH range of 3.5–9.5 and showed good resistance to radical scavengers tertiary butanol and ethanol. Higher H2O2 concentration and temperature were preferred to achieve faster kinetics. The regeneration of FSCNC was easily achieved by washing the catalyst and about 70% of the initial activity was retained after 8 cycles. The implication to the future applications of FSCNC as a Fenton-like catalyst is discussed.

Graphene sponge (GS) has been widely employed for water purification, but adsorption capacity loss frequently occurs during the formation of spongy structure. In this study, we reported the hydrothermal preparation of S-doped GS for the removal of Cu2+ with a huge adsorption capacity of 228 mg/g, 40 times higher than that of active carbon. The adsorption isotherm could be well fitted into the Freundlich model with a KF value of 36.309 (L/mg)1/n. The equilibrium adsorption could be fully achieved in the first 5 min. In the thermodynamics study, the negative ΔG indicated that the adsorption was spontaneous and physisorption in nature. The positive ΔH implied that the adsorption was endothermic. The changes of both pH and ionic strength had no apparent influence on the adsorption. S-doped GS could be easily regenerated by washing with acidic thiourea. Moreover, S-doped GS could be used for the adsorption of other heavy metal ions, too. The implication to the applications of S-doped GS in water treatment is discussed.

To improve the therapeutic index of cisplatin (CDDP), we present here a new paradigm of drug-induced self-assembly by harnessing phosphato-platinum complexation. Specifically, we show that a phosphato-platinum cross-linked micelle (PpY/Pt) can be generated by using a block copolymer methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(l-phosphotyrosine) (mPEG-b-PpY). Coating of PpY/Pt with a R9-iRGD peptide by simple mixing affords a targeting micelle with near neutral-charged surface (iPpY/Pt). The micelles feature in well-controlled sizes below 50 nm and high stability under physiological conditions, and can withstand various environmental stresses. Importantly, the micelles demonstrate on-demand drug release profiles in response to pathological cues such as high ATP concentration and acidic pH. In vitro, the micelles are efficiently internalized and almost equally potent compared to CDDP. Moreover, iPpY/Pt induce greater cytotoxicity than PpY/Pt in a 3D tumor spheroid model likely due to its deeper tumor penetrati...

Magnetic carbon nanoadsorbents are widely applied in heavy metal decontamination, but the low adsorption capacities largely limit their practical uses. Herein, we reported the hydrothermal preparation of S doped Fe3O4 core-carbon shell nanoparticles (S-doped Fe3O4@C NPs) as recyclable adsorbent for Cu2+ removal. The adsorption capacity of S-doped Fe3O4@C NPs was over 54.7 mg/g, 10 times higher than that of active carbon, ranking S-doped Fe3O4@C NPs among the most effective adsorbents. The remnant Cu2+ concentrations were lower than 1.0 mg/L, which reached the criteria of drinking water. Moreover, S-doped Fe3O4@C NPs could be magnetically separated and easily regenerated after adsorbing Cu2+. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Water pollution has become serious environmental problem nowadays. Advanced oxidation processes (AOP) have been widely applied in water treatment. However, traditional Fenton reaction based on Fe2+-H2O2 system has obvious drawbacks, which limit its applications. In this study, magnetic Fe3O4 core-C shell nanoparticles (Fe3O4@C NPs) were prepared for the decoloration of methylene blue (MB) via the co-precipitation followed by the hydrothermal dehydrogenation of glucose. Fe3O4@C NPs showed high catalytic activity of the decoloration of MB through the decomposition of H2O2 in Fenton-like reactions. Fe3O4@C NPs had much higher activity than bare Fe3O4 cores, suggesting the coating of carbon enhanced the catalytic activity. The performance of Fe3O4@C NPs was better at lower pH and higher temperature, but was significantly inhibited in the presence of radical scavenger tertiary butanol. Fe3O4@C NPs could be magnetic separated and regenerated, and maintained with very good catalytic activity. The implication for the applications of Fe3O4@C NP-catalyzed Fenton-like reactions in water treatment was discussed.

Fenton-like reaction is efficiently catalyzed by Fe3O4 nanoparticles for water treatment, but the performance of Fe3O4–H2O2 system for bacteria inactivation has not been explored. Herein, we prepared Fe3O4/SiO2/C nanocomposites (FSCNC) as catalyst for the Fenton-like disinfection of Escherichia coli in water. FSCNC catalyzed the decomposition of H2O2 to oxidize the E. coli cells. FSCNC–H2O2 system was applicable in a wide and near neutral pH range of 4.5-8.5 for bacteria disinfection. The inactivation efficiency was regulated by the inoculation number, FSCNC amount and initial H2O2 concentration. The presence of FSCNC on E. coli surface was identified by energy-dispersive x-ray spectrometers under both scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The inactivation mechanism was attributed to hydroxyl radical generation that oxidized the bacteria. Our results suggested that Fe3O4 nanomaterials could be a new material platform for bacteria inactivation in water treatment.

Fe2+-H2O2 Fenton system is widely applied in water treatment nowadays, but the acidification and sludge generation are crucial problems to be solved. Herein, we report that Fe3O4/TiO2/C nanocomposites (FTCNCs) were able to catalyze the decomposition of H2O2 at neutral pH and can be applied in dye decoloration. FTCNCs were prepared by precipitating TiO2 on Fe3O4 cores via the hydrolysis of tetrabutyl titanate followed by the hydrothermal dehydrogenization of glucose to deposit carbon on Fe3O4/TiO2. The decoloration of methylene blue (MB) in the FTCNC-H2O2 Fenton-like system was monitored to reflect the catalytic activity of FTCNC. The radical generation capability was analyzed by electron spin resonance. Our results indicated that FTCNC-H2O2 Fenton-like system was efficient in decolorizing MB, and the radicals led to the near complete oxidation of MB. The FTCNC-H2O2 Fenton-like system could be used in a wide pH range of 4–9. A greater catalyst amount, a higher H2O2 concentration, and a higher temperature accelerated the decoloration kinetics. FTCNCs showed good activity after the regeneration of 8 cycles. The implication to the practical applications of FTCNCs in water treatment is discussed.

Spongy graphene adsorbents have attracted great research interest recently, because of the high adsorption capacity, easy handling, and low operating cost. Fabrication of graphene sponge with other high-performance adsorbents might combine the merits of both materials, thus deserves more investigations. In this study, TiO2–graphene sponge (TiO2–GS) was prepared by the deposition of amorphous TiO2 on graphene oxide (GO) sheets for the adsorption of tetracycline antibiotics, where lyophilization was adopted to obtain the porous structure. TiO2–GS adsorbed tetracycline with a large adsorption capacity of 1,805 mg/g, larger than that of GO (313 mg/g) and GO-chitosan aerogel (1,470 mg/g). The adsorption kinetics, which finally reached the equilibrium at 48 h, was clearly controlled by the diffusion of tetracycline to TiO2–GS in the initial stage according to intraparticle diffusion model. Thermodynamics investigation indicated that the adsorption process was endothermic and promoted at higher temperature, with a positive ΔH of 35.8 kJ/mol. Generally, higher pH facilitated the adsorption of tetracycline on TiO2–GS, except that the adsorption was also very effective at pH 1. In contrast, ionic strength had insignificant influence. The adsorbed tetracycline could be washed out with acidic ice-cold water to regenerate TiO2–GS. The implication to the applications of TiO2–GS in water treatment is discussed.