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We extend Katok’s result on ‘the approximation of hyperbolic measures by horseshoes’ to Banach cocycles. More precisely, let f be a $C^r(r>1)$ diffeomorphism of a compact Riemannian manifold M, preserving an ergodic hyperbolic measure $\mu $ with positive entropy, and let $\mathcal {A}$ be a Hölder continuous cocycle of bounded linear operators acting on a Banach space $\mathfrak {X}$ . We prove that there is a sequence of horseshoes for f and dominated splittings for $\mathcal {A}$ on the horseshoes, such that not only the measure theoretic entropy of f but also the Lyapunov exponents of $\mathcal {A}$ with respect to $\mu $ can be approximated by the topological entropy of f and the Lyapunov exponents of $\mathcal {A}$ on the horseshoes, respectively. As an application, we show the continuity of sub-additive topological pressure for Banach cocycles.

We investigate the fraction of baryon mass in intergalactic medium (fIGM), using 18 well-localized fast radio bursts (FRBs) in the redshift range z ∈ (0.0039, 0.66). We construct a five-parameter Bayesian inference model, with the probability distributions of dispersion measures (DMs) of IGM and host galaxy properly taken into account. To check the possible redshift evolution, we parametrize fIGM as a mildly evolving function of redshift, fIGM = fIGM,0[1 + αz/(1 + z)]. By simultaneously constraining five parameters, we get $f_\mathrm{IGM,0} = 0.92^{+0.06}_{-0.12}$ and $\alpha = 0.49^{+0.59}_{-0.47}$, and the median value of DM of host galaxy is $\exp (\mu)=72.49^{+33.31}_{-25.62}~{\rm pc ~ cm ^ {-3}}$. By fixing two parameters that can be constrained independently with other observations, we obtain $\alpha =0.11^{+0.24}_{-0.27}$ in the three-parameter fit, which is consistent with zero within 1σ uncertainty. Monte Carlo simulations show that even 300 FRBs are not enough to tightly constrain five parameters simultaneously. This is mainly caused by the correlation between parameters. Only if two parameters are fixed, 100 FRBs are necessary to achieve unbiased constraints on the remaining parameters.

A 0D metal oxide quantum dot (QD)–2D ultrathin g-C3N4 nanosheet (ZnCo2O4/g-C3N4) hybrid was facilely fabricated through a one-pot hydrothermal process and used as an efficient PMS activator.

The objective of this research was to prepare an optimized bio-composite for packaging based on alkali-treated banana pseudo-stem fiber (BPSF), PBAT, and PLA using response surface methodology (RSM). The effects of three factors, i.e., alkali-treated BPSF (0.8 to 2.4 g), PBAT (0.75 to 2.25 g), and PLA (1.6 to 3.2 g) on two dependent variables, i.e., bending strength and tensile strength of bio-composite, were investigated. Box-Behnken design (BBD) provided the combination for an optimum composite, which was 1.15 g of alkali-treated BPSF, 2.09 g of PBAT, and 2.66 g of PLA, respectively. The bending strength and tensile strength for alkali-treated BPSF/PBAT/PLA composite were 32.62 MPa and 30.91 MPa, which was 20.50% and 16.51% higher than native BPSF/PBAT/PLA composite. The bio-composite prepared using the optimized results was further characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mechanical testing, contact angles, and water absorption tests. Analyses showed that alkali-treatment could improve the adhesion and compatibility of BPSF in the polymer matrix. These outcomes were associated with the use of treated-BPSF for better mechanical strength and lower hygroscopicity. This result demonstrated that alkali-treated agricultural residue and degradable polymer could be used to prepare composite materials for green packaging application.

Previous experimental and computational results have confirmed that the thermal conductivity of a two-dimensional (2D) material can be considerably affected by strain. Numerous attention has been paid to explore the relevant mechanisms. However, the strain effects on the interfacial thermal conductance (ITC) of 2D heterostructure have attracted little attention. Herein, the non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations were conducted to the graphene/hexagonal boron nitride (GR/h-BN) heterostructure to investigate the strain effects on the ITC. Three types of strains were considered, i.e., tensile strain, compressive strain, and shear strain. The results indicate that the strain can adjust the ITC for the GR/h-BN heterostructure effectively, and the strain loading direction also influences the ITC. Generally, the tensile strain reduces the ITC of the heterostructure, in addition to the BN-C system at small tensile strain; both the compressive strain and shear strain increase the ITC, especially at a small strain. For the NB-C system, it is more sensitive to the strain loading direction and the yx shear strain of 0.06 is the most effective way to strengthen the ITC. Our results also show that the out-of-plane deformation weakens the in-plane vibration of atoms, leading to a reduction of the interfacial thermal energy transport.

To make appropriate decisions in the evaluation phase of the exterior design of subway trains, an optimal selection method was proposed based on multi-level gray relational analysis. The exterior design factors of subway trains were analyzed to construct an index system for design evaluation. The significance of each index was compared through an analytic hierarchy process. The correlation coefficient of each index in the plan was calculated through gray relational analysis to obtain the weighted correlation degree of each design scheme. The optimal selection of the exterior design of Guangzhou Metro Line 6 in China was considered as an example. Four types of subjects were recruited: professional designers, students majoring in design, subway train design experts, and subway passengers in Guangzhou. The weight of each index in the evaluation system was calculated using questionnaire scoring. Virtual simulation software was applied to evaluate the human factors related to each scheme. The indices in each plan were then scored to calculate the correlation coefficient and the overall correlation degree; and finally, the optimal selection was obtained. The results showed that it was practical to evaluate and optimize the exterior design of subway trains based on multi-level gray relational analysis. In the evaluation index system, the weights of technology, human factors, aesthetics, and culture were 0.517, 0.297, 0.099, and 0.087, respectively, which showed that technology had the greatest impact on the system, while human factors, aesthetics, and culture were useful complements. Our results showed that Design Scheme 1 was unsuitable as an optimization scheme due to the high escape window. Meanwhile, Design Scheme 2 was optimal overall, from a technical perspective. Design Scheme 3 was the best in terms of the escape window index (a human factor). Design Schemes 3 and 4 were optimally assessed from aesthetic and cultural perspectives. This study is conducive to the optimization of the exterior design of subway trains, can be used to inform design iteration, and provides a reference for the optimal selection of design schemes for other urban rail trains.

In this paper we study the deployment of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to form a temporal UAV network for the provisioning of emergent communications to affected people in a disaster zone, where each UAV is equipped with a lightweight base station device and thus can act as an aerial base station for users. Unlike most existing studies that assumed that a UAV can serve all users in its communication range, we observe that both computation and communication capabilities of a single lightweight UAV are very limited, due to various constraints on its size, weight, and power supply. Thus, a single UAV can only provide communication services to a limited number of users. We study a novel problem of deploying $K$ UAVs in the top of a disaster area such that the sum of the data rates of users served by the UAVs is maximized, subject to that (i) the number of users served by each UAV is no greater than its service capacity; and (ii) the communication network induced by the $K$ UAVs is connected. We then propose a $\frac{1-1/e}{\lfloor \sqrt{K} \rfloor}$-approximation algorithm for the problem, improving the current best result of the problem by five times (the best approximation ratio so far is $\frac{1-1/e}{5( \sqrt{K} +1)}$), where $e$ is the base of the natural logarithm. We finally evaluate the algorithm performance via simulation experiments. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is very promising. Especially, the solution delivered by the proposed algorithm is up to 12% better than those by existing algorithms., 14 pages, this paper was submitted to the journal of IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking

This study aimed to compare the predicted maxillary molar distalization with the achieved clinical outcome using the palatal rugae area for registration and superimposition of digital models. Understanding Invisalign efficiency may assist clinicians in predicting changes, thus applying specific measures to minimize the chance of midcourse correction later.The study sample included 38 patients with a mean age of 25.4 years, eligible for Invisalign treatment and requiring distalization of maxillary molars. Two digital models were acquired using iTero intraoral scanner (Align Technology, Santa Clara, Calif) before treatment and after maxillary first and second molar distalization. The 2 digital models were superimposed using the palatal rugae area for registration. The predicted tooth movement compared to the achieved values. One hundred forty-two maxillary molars (71 first molar and 71 second molar) were measured for distal movement, and 228 maxillary anterior teeth were evaluated for anterior anchorage loss.The predicted distal movement of the maxillary first molar (P 0.0001) and maxillary second molar (P 0.0001) differed significantly from the actual values. There was a statistically significant correlation between the amount of distal molar movement and the amount of anchorage loss (r = 0.3900, P 0.008) for the central incisor, and (r = 0.3595, P 0.013) for the lateral incisor.Invisalign can be used successfully for adult patients requiring maxillary molar distalization when a mean distalization movement of 2.6 mm was prescribed. Clinicians should be aware of the countereffect if maxillary molars are planned to move distally, especially if the patient presented initially with a large overjet, so the need to prescribe overcorrection or the use of auxiliaries can be addressed earlier.

W doping makes CO2 hydrogenation to methanol on In2O3 kinetically more favorable based on DFT calculations.

Aim The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to provide scientific evidence for clinical practice on the impact of non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) on cytokines/adipocytokines (IL-6, TNF-a, CRP/hs-CRP, resistin, adiponectin, leptin and RBP4) among periodontitis patients with or without obesity. Materials & Methods of Study Selection The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement (PRISMA) has been followed. The study was registered (CRD42022375331) in the International prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO). The literature search was conducted via eight databases. Both randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs) were screened from searches up to December 2022 to evaluate the effect of NSPT on inflammatory-related cytokines/adipocytokines. The selection, extraction of data and risk of bias assessment were performed in duplicate with consensus while quality was assessed via the Cochrane Collaboration’s risk assessment tool and the Methodological Index for non-randomized studies (MINORS). Meta-analysis was carried out using random-effect model in subgroups’ analyses with mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) provided. Results Seventeen references were included for the systematic analysis and sixteen were further incorporated for meta-analysis. Meta-analysis demonstrated that the interleukin (IL) -6 in periodontitis individuals with obesity decreased three months after NSPT at serum levels (MD = -0.54, CI = -0.62 – -0.46) and at gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels (MD = -2.70, CI = -4.77 – -0.63); the C-reactive protein/ high-sensitivity-C-reactive protein (CRP/hs-CRP) decreased three months after NSPT at serum levels (MD = -0.31, CI = -0.54 – -0.07) and adiponectin improved three months after NSPT at GCF levels (MD = 2.37, CI = 0.29–4.45) both in periodontitis individuals without obesity. Most results displayed the higher level of pro-inflammatory biomarkers in obesity object rather than normal weight object at baseline. Incorporated studies are presented with low risk of bias. Conclusions NSPT has the impact on the redistribution of specific pro-inflammatory mediators and anti- inflammatory mediators in biological fluids within obesity or non-obesity individually or between the two groups. Wherein, NSPT could contribute to the reduction of serum and GCF IL-6 level together with the serum RBP4 level in obesity individuals at 3-month, NSPT also could contribute to the rise of GCF adiponectin level in normal weight individuals at 3-month, which implies the potential ideal follow-up interval and sensitive biomarkers for clinical bioanalysis.

We constrain the photon mass from well-localized fast radio bursts (FRBs) using Bayes inference method. The probability distributions of dispersion measures (DM) of host galaxy and intergalactic medium are properly taken into account. The photon mass is tightly constrained from 17 well-localized FRBs in the redshift range $0, Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures

Let A = {A 1, A 2, …, A k } be a finite collection of contracting affine maps, the corresponding pressure function P(A, s) plays the fundamental role in the study of dimension of self-affine sets. The zero of the pressure function always give the upper bound of the dimension of a self-affine set, and is exactly the dimension of ‘typical’ self-affine sets. In this paper, we consider an expanding base dynamical system, and establish the continuity of the pressure with the singular value function of a Hölder continuous matrix cocycle. This extends Feng and Shmerkin’s result in (Feng and Shmerkin 2014 Geom. Funct. Anal. 24 1101–1128) to a general setting.

With the increased concern over environment protection, cellulose acetate (CA) has drawn great interests as an alternative for packaging material due to its biodegradability and abundant resources; whereas, the poor antistatic property and thermal conductivity restrict its application in packaging. In this work, we propose a simple but effective strategy to produce high performance graphene nanoplatelet (GNP)/CA composite films via the consecutive homogenization and solvent cast processes. Relying on the spontaneous absorption of CA during homogenization, the GNP/CA produced shows an excellent dispersibility in the N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) solution and much less structural defects compared with GNP alone. As a result, the composite film obtained shows simultaneously and significantly enhanced antistatic, heat dissipative and mechanical properties compared to the CA case. Specifically, the GNP/CA composite with the optimal formula produced has promising overall performances (namely, surface resistivity of 1.14×107 Ω/sq, in-plane thermal conductivity of 5.359 W · m-1 · K-1, out-of-plane thermal conductivity of 0.785 W · m-1 · K-1, and tensile strength of 37.1 MPa). Featured by its promising overall properties, simple production processes and biodegradability, the as-prepared GNP/CA composite film shows a great potential for application in packaging.

In this work, visible light response CeO2/CdS decorated cotton fabrics as durable and facile recyclable composite photocatalysts were fabricated for photo-degradation of methylene blue (MB). First of all, amino-functionalized CeO2/CdS heterojunctions were synthesized through a fast, efficient and low-cost co-precipitation method. Subsequently, the as-prepared CeO2/CdS heterojunctions were immobilized on aldehyde-functionalized cotton fabric surfaces as composite photocatalysts via "amine-aldehyde" chemical reaction. The surface microstructure and chemical composition of the CeO2/CdS decorated cotton fabric (CeO2/CdS-CF) were characterized by SEM, FTIR and XPS, respectively. The results showed that CeO2/CdS heterojunctions were successfully anchored and uniformly distributed on the surface of cotton fabric. Since the CeO2/CdS heterostructure with efficient photo-generated charge transfer and separation, the as-prepared CeO2/CdS-CF exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity, degrading MB under simulated sunlight irradiation with a degradation efficiency of 93.8% within 90 min. In addition, the degradation efficiency remained above 90.3% even after five successive degradation cycles, indicating the outstanding stability and recyclability of the obtained CeO2/CdS-CF. This work opened up a facile preparation way for the fabrication of durable and recyclable composite photocatalysts, and has a promising application in treating dye contaminated wastewater.

In the context of the era of big data,various industries want to train recommendation models based on user behavior data to provide users with accurate recommendations.The common characteristics of the used data are huge amount,carrying sensitive information,and easy to obtain.The recommendation system is sharing users' private data in real time while bringing accurate recommendation and market profit.Differential privacy,as a privacy protection technology,can cleverly solve the problem of privacy leakage in recommendation applications.No matter the attacker has any relevant background knowledge,differential privacy strictly defines privacy protection,and provides quantitative evaluation methods to ensure that the level of privacy protection provided by the data set is comparable.First,the concept of differential privacy and the research on mainstream recommendation algorithms is briefly described.Second,the combined application of differential privacy and recommendation algorithms is analyzed,such as matrix factorization,deep learning recommendation,and collaborative filtering.A large number of comparative experiments have been conducted on recommendation algorithms based on differential privacy technology.Then the application scenarios of the combination of differential privacy and each recommendation algorithm and the remaining problems are discussed.Finally,effective suggestions are put forward for the future development direction of the recommendation algorithm based on differential privacy.

The accumulation of ice may cause serious safety problems in numerous fields. A photothermal superhydrophobic surface is considered to be useful for preventing ice formation because of its environmentally friendly, energy-saving, and excellent anti-icing/de-icing properties. However, it easily fails to work in the absence of sunlight. To improve its anti-icing property without sunlight irradiation, a multifunctional photothermal phase-change superhydrophobic film (MPPSF) consisting of phase-change microcapsules (PCMs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was fabricated using a facile spraying method. Benefitting from the excellent light-thermal conversion effect of CNTs, the surface temperature could increase from -20 to 130.1 °C within 180 s under 808 nm near-infrared laser irradiation of 1 W/cm

The accurate estimation of phenological metrics from satellite data, especially the start of season (SOS), is of great significance to enhance our understanding of trends in vegetation phenology under climate change at regional or global scales. However, for regions with winter snow cover, such as the alpine grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau, the presence of snow inevitably contaminates satellite signals and introduces bias into the detection of the SOS. Despite recent progress in eliminating the effect of snow cover on SOS detection, the mechanism of how snow cover affects the satellite-derived vegetation index (VI) and the detected SOS remains unclear. This study investigated the effect of snow cover on both VI and SOS detection by combining simulation experiments and real satellite data. Five different VIs were used and compared in this study, including four structure-based (i.e., NDVI, EVI2, NDPI, NDGI) VIs and one physiological-based (i.e., NIRv) VI. Both simulation experiments and satellite data analysis revealed that the presence of snow can significantly reduce the VI values and increase the local gradient of the growth curve, allowing the SOS to be detected. The bias in the detected SOS caused by snow cover depends on the end of the snow season (ESS), snow duration parameters, and the snow-free SOS. An earlier ESS results in an earlier estimate of the SOS, a later ESS results in a later estimate of the SOS, and an ESS close to the snow-free SOS results in small bias in the detected SOS. The sensitivity of the five VIs to snow cover in SOS detection is NDPI/NDGI < NIRv < EVI2 < NDVI, which has been verified in both simulation experiments and satellite data analysis. These findings will significantly advance our research on the feedback mechanisms between vegetation, snow, and climate change for alpine ecosystems.

Indium oxide is a promising catalyst for CO

Soft-hard tissue interfaces in nature present a diversity of hierarchical transitions in composition and structure to address the challenge of stress concentrations that would otherwise arise at their interface. The translation of these into engineered materials holds promise for improved function of biomedical interfaces. Here, soft-hard tissue interfaces found in the body in health and disease, and the application of the diverse, functionally graded, and hierarchical structures that they present to bioinspired engineering materials are reviewed. A range of such bioinspired engineering materials and associated manufacturing technologies that are on the horizon in interfacial tissue engineering, hydrogel bioadhesion at the interfaces, and healthcare and medical devices are described.

This study aimed to investigate the 3-dimensional (3D) facial morphology of children with skeletal Class II structure with different breathing patterns.The 3dMDFace system (3dMD Inc.) was used to obtain 3D facial images. A total of 65 patients aged 10 to 12 years with skeletal Class II malocclusion (A point-Nasion-B point angle5°) were grouped by sex into nasal-breathing (NB) and mouth-breathing (MB) participants. A total of 19 measurements, including linear distances, angles, and ratios, were measured. The measurements were compared using independent sample t test and Mann-Whitney U test. Factor analysis and logistic regression were used to test the correlation between facial morphology and different breathing patterns.For male children, the lower lip was longer in the MB group than in the NB group (P.05). For female children, compared to NB, MB patients had a narrower mandibular width (P.05), a smaller ratio of mandibular width to face height (MB: 0.99 ± 0.08 vs NB: 1.04 ± 0.09; P.05), and a larger ratio of lower lip height to lip width (MB: 1.24 ± 0.10 vs NB: 1.19 ± 0.16; P.05). In both male and female children, MB participants had a more convex nasolabial angle (P.05) and an increased ratio of the lower part of the face to the upper facial height (male MB: 1.61 ± 0.17 vs male NB: 1.50 ± 0.12; female MB: 1.52 ± 0.10 vs female NB: 1.50 ± 0.20; P.05). The logistic regression test showed no significant correlation between facial morphology and breathing patterns.In participants with skeletal Class II pattern, MB children compared with NB children showed different facial morphology in the same sex group. The children with MB showed a more protruded upper lip and increased lower facial height, accounting for a larger proportion of the facial height. However, no significant correlation was found between facial morphology and breathing pattern. Only correlative trends were found.

This Pillars of Immunology article is a commentary on “Chromatin–IgG complexes activate B cells by dual engagement of IgM and Toll-like receptors,” a pivotal article written by E. A. Leadbetter, I. R. Rifkin, A. M. Hohlbaum, B. C. Beaudette, M. J. Shlomchik and A. Marshak-Rothstein, and published in Nature in 2002. https://www.nature.com/articles/416603a.

Bone tissues are dynamically reconstructed during the entire life cycle phase, which is an exquisitely regulated process controlled by intracellular and intercellular signals transmitted through physicochemical and biochemical stimulation. Recently, the role of electrical activity in promoting bone regeneration has attracted great attention, making the design, fabrication, and selection of bioelectric bio-reactive materials a focus. Under specific conditions, piezoelectric, photoelectric, magnetoelectric, acoustoelectric, and thermoelectric materials can generate bioelectric signals similar to those of natural tissues and stimulate osteogenesis-related signaling pathways to enhance the regeneration of bone defects, which can be used for designing novel smart biological materials for engineering tissue regeneration. However, literature summarizing studies relevant to bioelectric materials for bone regeneration is rare to our knowledge. Consequently, this review is mainly focused on the biological mechanism of electrical stimulation in the regeneration of bone defects, the current state and future prospects of piezoelectric materials, and other bioelectric active materials suitable for bone tissue engineering in recent studies, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for novel clinical treatment strategies for bone defects.

Objective This study aimed to investigate whether the subjects with mouth breathing (MB) or nasal breathing (NB) with different sagittal skeletal patterns showed different maxillary arch and pharyngeal airway characteristics. Methods Cone-beam computed tomography scans from 70 children aged 10 to 12 years with sagittal skeletal Classes I and II were used to measure the pharyngeal airway, maxillary width, palatal area, and height. The independent t-test and the Mann–Whitney U test were used for the intragroup analysis of pharyngeal airway and maxillary arch parameters. Results In the Skeletal Class I group, nasopharyngeal airway volume (P P P P Conclusion Regardless of sagittal Skeletal Class I or II, the pharyngeal airway and maxillary arch in children with MB differ from those with NB. However, the pharyngeal airway was not significantly different between Skeletal Class I and II in children with MB.

Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy has emerged as highly effective in relapsed/refractory (R/R) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), but only about 40% patients have achieved sustained responses. Here, we conducted a phase II clinical trial testing efficacy and toxicities of CAR-T therapy in R/R non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma patients (NCT03196830). Among enrolled patients, 33 R/R DLBCL patients pretreated with DFC (decitabine, fludarabine plus cyclophosphamide) lymphodepletion chemotherapy and infused with tandem CD19-CD22 based CAR-T cells were drawn out for efficacy and toxicities of CAR-T therapy evaluation. With a median follow-up of 10.9(0.6-29.0) months, the best overall response and complete remission (CR) rates were 90.9% and 63.6%, respectively. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 10.2 months and overall survival (OS) was undefined. The 2-year OS and PFS rates were 54.3% and 47.2%, respectively. No severe grade 4 cytokine release syndrome (CRS) was observed and grade 3 CRS was observed in only 7 patients; 3 patients developed mild immune effect or cell-associated neurotoxic syndrome. All toxicities were transient and reversible and no CAR-T-related mortality. Further subgroup analysis showed that achieving CR was an independent prognostic factor associated with favorable PFS and OS. The 2-year OS and PFS for patients who achieved CR within 3 months (undefined versus undefined P=0.021 and undefined versus undefined P=0.036) or during the follow-up period were significantly longer than those who did not (undefined versus 4.6 months P < 0.0001 and undefined versus 2.0months PPP=0.0002). This study indicated that CD19/CD22 dual-targeted CAR-T therapy under a decitabine-containing lymphodepletion regimen may be a safe, potent effective approach to R/R DLBCL patients.

The crystalline lens revealed steepening anterior surface and increasing equatorial diameter with age. Cycloplegia caused significant changes on the anterior surface, and this effect weakened with age., Purpose: To evaluate the effect of age and cycloplegia on the morphology of the crystalline lens using a swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) system. Setting: Hospital. Design: Prospective cross-sectional study. Methods: The parameters including anterior chamber depth (ACD), the radii of curvature of the anterior and posterior surface of the crystalline lens (ALR and PLR), lens thickness (LT), lens equatorial diameter (LED), and lens vault (LV) were quantified by the SS-OCT before and after cycloplegia. The paired t test was used to compare the parameters before and after cycloplegia. A multivariate linear regression model was built to analyze the association between the parameters/cycloplegia-induced changes and age, while adjusting for the effect of axial length, refractive status, and sex. Results: 76 individuals (age range, 18 to 86 years) were recruited. The ALR and ACD were negatively correlated with age (P ≤ .002), and the LT, LV, and LED were positively correlated with age (P ≤ .004). In participants younger than 60 years, the ALR and ACD significantly increased, whereas the LV and LT significantly decreased after cycloplegia (all P < .001). With aging, cycloplegia-induced differences of ALR (P = .001) and ACD (P = .014) significantly decreased, and of LT (P < .001), LT (P < .001), and LV (P = .001) significantly increased. Conclusions: The crystalline lens morphology measured by the SS-OCT revealed steepening anterior surface and increasing equatorial diameter with age. Cycloplegia caused a significant change of anterior surface morphology in participants younger than 60 years, and this effect diminished with age.

Delamination damages limit the application potential of Fiber metal laminates, hence improving the interlaminar mechanical properties has always been a research focus and challenge in this field. The toughening effect of two fillers, i.e., nano-aramid fibers (ANFs) and short-aramid fibers (ASFs), which are used at the interface of glass fiber-aluminum laminates, have been investigated. Chemical pretreatments of aluminum alloy surface were conducted to ensure the better adherence between the fiber composites and metal sheets. Results revealed that Mode-I and Mode-II fracture toughness of the laminates could be simultaneously improved when using the two fillers at the interface of glass fiber-aluminum laminates. Attributed to the better dispersion of ANFs in epoxy matrix, the toughening performance of ANFs is better than that of ASFs in this case. The mechanism of interlaminar toughening was revealed with electron microscopic observation of fracture morphology. Meanwhile, the finite element analysis based on bilinear cohesive zone model was adopted to predict the increased interlaminar tensile and shear strength.

Featured with a zero-autofluorescence background, superior signal-to-noise ratio, high sensitivity, and deep penetration ability, near-infrared persistent luminescence nanoparticle (NIR-PLNP)-based multimodal nanoprobes show great potential for full-scale noninvasive cancer diagnosis. However, direct synthesis of NIR-PLNP-based multimodal nanoprobes with high drug loading capacity to meet growing cancer theranostic demands remains a challenge. In this work, multifunctional hybrid mesoporous nanoparticles (HMNPs) that integrate NIR-PLNPs (Ga2O3:Cr3+, Nd3+), magnetic nanoparticles (Gd2O3), and radionuclides (68Ga) are designed and constructed via a large-pore (mesoporous silica nanoparticle) MSN-templated strategy. The ingenious composition design endows HMNPs with rechargeable NIR-PL, superior longitudinal relaxivity, and excellent radioactivity, making these versatile nanoparticles available for long-term in vivo NIR-PL imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. More importantly, the application of large-pore MSN templates maintains the mesoporous structure of HMNPs, promising excellent drug loading capacity of these nanoparticles. As a proof-of-concept, HMNPs loaded with a high dose of DOX (chemotherapy agent) and Si-Pc (photosensitizer) are rationally designed for chemotherapy and NIR-PL-sensitized photodynamic therapy (PDT), respectively. Studies with mice tumor models demonstrate that the DOX/Si-Pc-loaded HMNPs possess excellent cancer cell killing ability and an outstanding tumor suppression effect without systemic toxicity. This work shows the great potential of HMNPs as an "all-in-one" nanotheranostic tool for multimodal NIR-PL/MR/PET imaging-guided chemotherapy and NIR-PL-sensitized photodynamic cancer therapy and provides an innovative paradigm for the development of NIR-PLNP-based nanoplatforms in cancer theranostic.

To evaluate the early changes in retinal microcirculation after uncomplicated cataract surgery using an active-fluidics system. Patients underwent uncomplicated cataract surgery for both eyes were enrolled. The two eyes of the patients were randomly assigned to two groups, the active-fluidics group and the gravity-fluidics group. One eye using an active-fluidics system, and the other using a gravity-fluidics system. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) was performed at 1 day, 7 days, 30 days, and 90 days after surgery. Fifty eyes (25 patients) were included in the final analysis. A significantly lower cumulative dissipated energy (CDE), estimated fluid usage (EFU), and total aspiration time (TAT) were observed in the active-fluidics group (all P

Let f be a C 1 -diffeomorphism which preserves an ergodic hyperbolic measure μ with positive measure-theoretic entropy. Assume that the Oseledec splitting T x M = E 1 ( x ) ⊕ ⋯ ⊕ E s ( x ) ⊕ E s + 1 ( x ) ⊕ ⋯ ⊕ E l ( x ) is dominated on the Oseledec basin Γ. We give extensions of Katok's Horseshoes construction. Moreover there is a dominated splitting corresponding to Oseledec subspace on horseshoes. Based on this, we also establish the continuity of the sub-additive topological pressure of the singular value potential.

As an attractive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) emitter, graphitic carbon nitride (CN) still suffers from weak and unstable ECL signals for its poor conductivity and the occurrence of electrode passivation. In this study, a simple nitrogen vacancy (NV) engineering strategy has been developed for the improvement of ECL performances (intensity and stability) for the first time. In comparison to pristine CN (RSD = 51.98% for 10 continuous scan), ca. 60 times amplification in ECL intensity and 70 times enhancement in ECL efficiency for CN modified with NVs (CN-NVs) were obtained. In addition, more stable ECL emissions (RSD = 0.53%) were achieved for CN-NV-550 by thermal treatment of pristine CN in a N2 atmosphere for another 2 h at 550 °C. The mechanism study for the vital role of NVs on the ECL of CN-NVs revealed that NVs can not only facilitate electron transfer to amplify the ECL intensity but also serve as the electron trap to inhibit electrode passivation. More interestingly, a series of CN-NVs exhibited a tunable ECL wavelength range from 470 to 516 nm with different NV contents. Moreover, their ECL spectra showed an obvious red-shift of the wavelength with their corresponding fluorescence spectra. These findings confirmed that the ECL emissions of CN-NVs were susceptible to the relevant surface states of NVs. Our work may open up a promising pathway for improving ECL performances of CN and create new possibilities for multitarget simultaneous detection based on ECL and construction of color tunable light-emitting devices.