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Migration is the movement of people across a specified boundary for the purpose of establishing a new or semi-permanent residence. With up to 2% of the world’s population living outside of their country of birth, the potential impact of population mobility on health and use of health services of migrant host nations is increasing in its importance. Historically this movement was nomadic, often causing significant conflict with the indigenous population and their displacement or cultural assimilation. Qualitative method was used to this research. Present study draws on interviews, with 7 interviews with UPM student’s emigrants. Results illustrate immigrant status may impact family stress and uncertainty, health outcomes, and educational attainment and may result in increased social isolation for students in immigrant families.

Background and Objective: Oral candidiasis is a common opportunistic infection in diabetic patients. Candida albicans is colonized on different oral surfaces such as tongue, palate, dental caries and plaques. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Candida albicans in the mouth of diabetic patient. Material and Methods: This cross - sectional study was conducted on 120 diabetic patients. After completing the questionnaire, the saliva samples were obtained and cultured on sabouraud agar medium containing 0.005% chloramphenicol. For final diagnosis, Germ tube test and Sugar absorption test (with API 120 kit) were used. Results: Of 120 patients, 61 (50.8%) were positive for Candida. Candida infection rate was relatively higher in older patients and in women. The rate was significant in the patients using dentures (P< 0.001) and the ones keeping on smoking (P

New formulations and technologies have been developed through oral drug delivery systems’ researches. Such researches display significance of oral route amongst patients. We’ve reviewed all the features associated with medicated chewing gum as a modern drug delivery by introducing the history, advantages and disadvantages, methods of manufacturing, composition differences, evaluation tests and examples of varieties of medicated chewing gums. Acceptance of medicated chewing gum has been augmented through years. The advantages and therapeutic benefits of chewing gum support its development as we can see new formulations with new drugs contained have been produced from past and are going to find a place in market by formulation of new medicated chewing gums. Potential applications of medicated chewing gums are highly widespread as they will be recognized in future. Nowadays standards for qualifying chewing gums are the same as tablets. Patient-centered studies include medicated chewing gums as a delivery system too which creates compliance for patients.

Background: There is no information about the pattern of use of earphones and music players in Iranian adolescents. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and pattern of the use of earphone and music player devices as a main risk factor for hearing loss in adolescents of Tabriz city, northwest of Iran. Methods : In this cross-sectional study in November 2011, 2,359 high school students were randomly selected and were asked to complete a 20-item questionnaire about the pattern of using earphones and music players. Results: The results showed that 44.3% [confidence interval (CI) 95%: 38.3-50.3] of the respondents had a history of hearing problems that was significantly different between males and females (42.2% of males and 47% of females, p: 0.02). Notably, 36.8% of the participants stated that they listened to music without any rest or stop. Almost 49.6% (CI 95%: 44.4-54.4) of the students reported listening to ′somewhat loud′ (gain setting at 50%) or ′very loud′ (gain setting more than 50%) volume level of music. In terms of the kind of earphones, 17.1% of the participants used headphones, 34.8% used earbud-style headphones, 32.3% used supra-aural headphones, and 15.8% of them did not use any type of earphones. Conclusions: Students have risky patterns of using earphones and music-listening devices. Planning educational programs in this domain for adolescents especially in high schools is necessary.

Background and Objective: There are some factors including socio-demographic, maternal and nutritional variables reported to influence the growth of children in the first two years of life. The aim of this study was to determine some factors related to undesirable growth of 6 months–2years old children in Tabriz-Iran. Materials and Methods: In this case - control study 233 children with undesirable growth as cases, and 412 children with desirable growth as controls selected in five primary health care centers in Tabriz city in North-West of Iran during 2007. A questionnaire which included some questions regarding demographic characteristics, fertility history, and nutritional status was filled by using face -to - face interview with selected children’s mother. The influence of different factors on undesirable growth was evaluated with a logistic regression model by using SPSS-14 and EPI-2000 software. Results: Having any disease during two monitoring (OR=4.23, 95% CI: 2.95-6.07, P

Source: ICHE Conference Archive - https://mdi-de.baw.de/icheArchive

Objective (s): The purpose of this paper is to determine the prevalence and psychological factors of smoking among 1785 students at 30 high schools in Tabriz. Methods: Each student completed a self-administered questionnaire. The intention was to obtain information on smoking, self-esteem, and attitude toward smoking as well as demographic information. Respondents were classified into three categories of never smoker, occasional smoker and regular smoker. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between smoking status and the independent variables. Results: The prevalence of ever smoking was 22.6% but only 4.4% of the students were regular smokers. Prevalence was higher among students who had experienced alcohol (OR=J.53) and illicit drugs (OR=9.99). Prevalence was also higher among students who had a positive attitude toward smoking (OR=l .26). Conclusion: Smoking prevention programs for adolescents should be adapted at each stages of smoking. The finding has important public health implications, but further research is required to determine if the association was causal.

Expression and secretion of inflammation markers are disturbed in obesity. Interleukin-6 reduces body fat mass. The common G-174C polymorphism in the promoter of IL-6 gene has been reported that effects on transcriptional regulation. The objective was to investigate association of the common polymorphism G-174C with obesity in Iranian population. The present study is cross sectional association study that included 242 individuals (110 men and 132 women). Serum IL-6 levels, C-reactive protein, fasting blood glucose and blood lipids profile were measured .BMI and WHR were calculated. Genotyping is carried out by PCR and RFLP. The frequencies of G and C allele were 64.5% and 35.5%, respectively. The G-174C polymorphism was not associated with BMI and WHR. However in obese individual, fasting blood glucose was significantly higher in carrier of C allele compared with the noncarrier. The IL-6 G-174C polymorphism is not a risk factor for obesity in Iranian population., {"references":["Hans Hauner, Symposium on ÔÇÿBiology of obesity-Secretory factors from\nhuman adipose tissue and their functional role, Proceedings of the\nNutrition Society , pp163-169, 2005.","Lu Qi, Cuilin Zhang, Rob M. van Dam and Frank B. Hu, Interleukin-6\nGenetic Variability and Adiposity: Associations in Two Prospective\nCohorts and Systematic Review in 26,944 Individuals, Journal of Clinical\nEndocrinology & Metabolism , 92: 93618-3625, 2007.","I Wernstedt, A-L Eriksson, A Berndtsson1, J Hoffstedt, S Skrtic, T Hedner,\nLM Hulte'n,O Wiklund, C Ohlsson and J-O Jansson , A common\npolymorphism in the interleukin-6 genepromoter is associated with\noverweight, International Journal of Obesity 28, pp 1272-1279, 2004.","Victoria Rotter Sopasakis, Madele'ne Sandqvist,Birgit Gustafson, Ann\nHammarstedt, Martin Schmelz, Xiaolin Yang, Per-Anders Jansson, and\nUlf Smith , High Local Concentrations and Effectson Differentiation\nImplicate Interleukin-6 as aParacrine Regulator, Obesity res. 12 :3(454-\n461), 2004.","Berthier MT, Paradis AM, Tchernof A, Bergeron J, Prud-homme D,\nDespres JP, Voh l, MC The interleukin 6-174G/C polymorphism is\nassociated with indices of obesity in men. J Hum Genet 48:14-19, 2003.","Klipstein-Grobusch K, Mohlig M, Spranger J, Hoffmann K, Rodrigues\nFU, Sharma AM, Klaus S, Pfeiffer AF, Boeing H, Interleukin-6 g.-\n174G>C promoter polymorphism is associated with obesity in the EPICPotsdam\nStudy. Obesity (Silver Spring) 14:14-18, 2006.","Lieb W, Pavlik R, Erdmann J, Mayer B, Holmer SR, Fischer M, Baessler\nA, Hengstenberg C, Loewel H, Doering A, Riegger GA, Schunkert H, No\nassociation of interleukin-6 gene polymorphism (-174 G/C) with\nmyocardial infarction or traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Int J\nCardiol 97:205-212, 2004.","Moffett SP, Zmuda JM, Cauley JA, Stone KL, Nevitt MC, Ensrud KE,\nHillier TA, Hochberg MC, Joslyn G, Morin P, Cummings, Association of\nthe G-174C variant in the interleukin-6 promoter region with bone loss\nand fracture risk in older women. J Bone Miner Res 19:1612-1618, 2004.","Wallenius V, Wallenius K, Ahre'n B, Rudling M, Carlsten H,Dickson SL,\nOhlsson C, Jansson J-O, Interleukin-6-deficient mice develop matureonset\nobesity. Nat Med 8: 75-79, 2002.\n[10] Fishman D, Faulds G, Jeffery R, Mohamed-Ali V, Yudkin JS, Humphries\nS, Woo P. The effect of novel polymorphisms in the interleukin-6 (IL-6)\ngene on IL-6 transcription and plasma IL-6levels, and an association with\nsystemic-onset juvenile chronicarthritis. J Clin Invest; 102: 1369-1376,\n1998.\n[11] Terry CF, Loukaci V, Green FR. Cooperative influence of genetic\npolymorphisms on interleukin 6 transcriptional regulation. J BiolChem;\n275:18138-18144, 2000.\n[12] Acalovschi D, Wiest T, Hartmann M, Farahmi M, Mansmann U,Auffarth\nGU, Grau AJ, Green FR, Grond-Ginsbach C, SchwaningerM. Multiple\nlevels of regulation of the interleukin-6 system in stroke. Stroke; 34:\n1864-1869, 2003.\n[13] Kazumi T, Kawaguchi A, Hirano T, Yoshino G. C-reactive protein in\nyoung, apparently healthy men: associations with serumleptin, QTc\ninterval, and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol.Metabolism, 52: 1113-\n1116,2003.\n[14] Kubaszek A, Pihlajamaki J, Punnonen K, Karhapaa P, Vauhkonen I,\nLaakso M. The C-174G promoter polymorphism of the IL-6 gene affects\nenergy expenditure and insulin sensitivity. Diabetes,52: 558-561,2003.\n[15] Brull DJ, Montgomery HE, Sanders J, Dhamrait S, Luong L, Rumley A,\nLowe GD, Humphries SE. Interleukin-6 gene -174g4c and -572g4c\npromoter polymorphisms are strong predictors of plasma interleukin-6\nlevels after coronary artery bypass surgery. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc\nBiol; 21: 1458-1463, 2001.\n[16] Sothern RB, Roitman-Johnson B, Kanabrocki EL, Yager JG, Roodell\nMM, Weatherbee JA, Young MR, Nenchausky BM,Scheving LE.\nCircadian characteristics of circulating interleukin-6 in men. J Allergy\nClin Immunol; 95: 1029-1035, 1995.\n[17] Farooqi IS, Keogh JM, Kamath S, Jones S, Gibson WT, Trussell R, Jebb\nSA, Lip GY, O-Rahilly S. Partial leptin deficiency and human adiposity.\nNature; 414: 34-35, 2001.\n[18] Flier JS. Obesity wars: molecular progress confronts an\nexpandingepidemic. Cell 2004; 116: 337-350.\n[19] Wallenius K, Wallenius VW, Sunter D, Dickson SL, Jansson J-O.\nIntracerebroventricular interleukin-6 treatment decreases bodyfat in rats.\nBiochem Biophys Res Comm; 293: 560-565, 2002.\n[20] Rothwell NJ, Busbridge NJ, Lefeuvre RA, Hardwick AJ, Gauldie J,\nHopkins SJ. Interleukin-6 is a centrally acting endogenous pyrogen in the\nrat. Can J Physiol Pharmacol;69: 1465-1469, 1991.\n[21] Stenlof K, Wernstedt I, Fjallman T, Wallenius V, Wallenius K, Jansson\nJO. Interleukin-6 levels in the central nervous system are negatively\ncorrelated with fat mass in overweight/obese subjects. J Clin Endocrinol\nMetab; 88: 4379-4383, 2003.\n[22] Fernandez-Real JM, Ricart W. Insulin resistance and chronic\ncardiovascular inflammatory syndrome. Endocr Rev; 24: 278-301, 2003.\n[23] Tsigos C, Papanicolaou DA, Kyrou I, Defensor R, Mitsiadis CS,Chrousos\nGP. Dose-dependent effects of recombinant human interleukin-6 on\nglucose regulation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab;82: 4167-4170, 1997.\n[24] Stouthard JM, Romijn JA, Van der Poll T, Endert E, Klein S, Bakker PJ,\nVeenhof CH, Sauerwein HP, Endocrinologic and metabolic effects of\ninterleukin-6 in humans. Am J Physiol; 268: E813-E819, 1995.\n[25] Lyngso D, Simonsen L, Bulow J. Metabolic effects of interleukin-6 in\nhuman splanchnic and adipose tissue. J Physiol; 543: 379-386, 2002.\n[26] Steensberg A, Fischer CP, Sacchetti M, Keller C, Osada T, Schjerling P,\nvan Hall G, Febbraio MA, Pedersen BK. Acute interleukin-6\nadministration does not impair muscle glucose uptake or whole-body\nglucose disposal in healthy humans. J Physiol; 548: 631-638, 2003.\n[27] Nishimoto N, Yoshizaki K, Maeda K, Kuritani T, Deguchi H, SatoB, Imai\nN, Suemura M, Kakehi T, Takagi N, Kishimoto T. Toxicity,\npharmacokinetics, and dose-finding study of repetitive treatment with the\nhumanized anti-interleukin 6 receptor antibody MRA in rheumatoid\narthritis. Phase I/II clinical study. J Rheumatol; 30: 1426-1435, 2003."]}

Objective: Mutation in KRAS gene is one of the most common genetic changes among patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), which is observed in 30-45% of cases. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of this mutation among patients with primary or metastatic CRC. Patients and Methods: Eligible studies were identified during a comprehensive electronic search, applying inclusion/exclusion criteria and quality assessment. Stata version 11 software was used for data analysis. The heterogeneity between the results of the primary studies was assessed using Cochrane and I-square indices. Random effect model was applied for combining the primary estimates. Point and pooled estimates (with 95% confidence intervals) were presented by forest plots. Investigating the factors associated with heterogeneity was carried out using meta-regression models. The publication bias was traced by Egger test. Results: Combining the results of 164 eligible studies, the total prevalence of KRAS gene mutation among primary tumor samples was estimated as of 33.14% (95% confidence interval: 30.08- 36.20). The corresponding figure for metastatic cancer was estimated as of 36.20 % (95% confidence interval: 33.96- 38.44). Prevalence of this mutation among patients with primary CRC in EMRO, EURO, PAHO, SEARO and WAPRO was 30.23%, 35.12%, 31.83%, 33.17% and 32.64%, respectively. Corresponding rates for mutation among metastatic cases were 42.20%, 38.46%, 36.06%, 42.80%, 33.05%, respectively. In addition, the total prevalence of KRAS gene mutation in codons 12 and 13 was estimated as 76.69% and 28.49%, respectively. Conclusions: More than one-third of patients with CRC carried KRAS gene mutation particularly in the metastatic tumors. The rate of mutation was the same in different WHO regions.

Background and objective: Cigarette smoking in adolescent population seems a major public health issue. The goal of the present study was to identify the effect of socio-personal factors on transitions in the adolescent smoking. Methods: A total of 1785 students were assessed twice during 12 months. with respect to stage of change. The predictor variables were measured when the students were in the 10th grade. Logistic regression was used to predict different smoking stages at grade 11.Results: At the end of follow-up, 14.3 percent of non-smokers have had smoking experiment, and 16.5 percent of smokers have showed to be the regular smokers. Among non smokers, using alcohol, friendship with smoker group were predictors of being regular smokers. Conclusion: Smoking prevention program should begin in adolescent age group.

Background: Human hydatid disease imposes significant impacts on public health by producing substantial morbidity and mortality in involved communities. This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiology and clinical features of hydatid cyst in northern Iran as a breeding center for the infection. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the hospital records of all hydatidosis-affected patients admitted in three teaching hospitals of Mazandaran Province between Mar 2005-2015 were reviewed. Hydatidosis-relevant demographic characteristics, clinical findings, and laboratory data were collected. The descriptive statistical analysis was performed by SPSS software. Results: Totally, 79 patients with the mean age of 42.00±23.82 yr were admitted with cystic echinococcosis (CE) diagnosis. Moreover, the highest and the lowest prevalence of CE cases were in age ranges of 50-59 (19.0%) and more than 80 (5.0%) yr, respectively. Male/female ratio was 0.88 (47.0% vs. 53.0%). Majority of the cases were urban residents (54.0%) and had no close contact with animals (58.0%). Nearly, two third of the patients (n=54), the affected organ was liver. The diameter of the cysts was variable from 2 to 15 cm. Most of the patients had a single hydatid cyst. Four patients were diagnosed as secondary hydatid cyst. Medical treatment with antiparasitic agents was done for 47 individuals and in 7 cases; it was the only treatment approach. Percutaneous puncture-aspiration-injection reinjection (PAIR) technique was applied for 6 cases. Sixty-six patients underwent radical surgery. No data was available on eosinophil count or serological tests. Conclusion: CE is approximately prevalent in Iranian population. Development of new diagnostic methods and therapeutic procedures is worthy. Moreover, it is necessary to design and develop a registry and surveillance system by a multidisciplinary team.

Supplemental Material, Supporting_Information for Insight into the structure of polystyrene-poly(methyl methacrylate) core-shell particles synthesized by seeded suspension polymerization by H Rostami, F Abbasi, K Jalili, E Mehravar and M Najafpour in Polymers and Polymer Composites

ODONTOBUTHUS TIRGARI MIRSHAMSI ET AL., 2013 (FIGS 1–5, 19, 20 F, 21F, 22F, TABLES 1 –5) Odontobuthus doriae: Vatani & Khoobdel, 2009: 10 (misidentification); Ramezani et al., 2010: 55, 56, 58, 59, 60, figs 2, 3, 5 (misidentification); Karata&scedil; et al., 2012: 116 (misidentification); Motevalli Haghi et al., 2020: 69–72 (misidentification). Odontobuthus tirgari Mirshamsi et al., 2013: 153– 168, figs 1–41; Azghadi et al., 2014: 171; Navidpour & Mirshamsi, 2014: 112; Barahoei et al., 2020: 402, fig. 20. Type material: Holotype &female; (AMNH), one &male;, one &female; paratypes (AMNH), IRAN: Razavi Khorasan Province: Gonabad, Borjook village, 1.ix.2012, O. Mirshamsi. Diagnosis: Odontobuthus tirgari may be separated from other species of the genus by the following combination of characters. Scorpions of medium to large size, adults 44–75 mm (&male;) and 50–77 mm (&female;) (Fig. 19). General coloration yellow to yellowishgreen. Median ocular tubercle situated in anterior half of carapace, distance from anterior carapace margin, 0.30–0.40. Pedipalp chela movable finger long relative to manus (MFL / ML, 2.20–2.75). Median denticle rows of pedipalp chela fixed and movable fingers each comprising 13 or 14 oblique subrows of denticles. Pectinal tooth count, 28–33 (&male;) and 19–24 (&female;). Ventrosubmedian carinae of metasomal segments II and III each with three to five pairs of tooth-like processes (Fig. 20F). Metasomal segment IV length to width (L/W), 1.63–2.33. Ventrolateral carinae of metasomal segment V with three or four prominent lobate processes; anal arch with one small and two large lobes, sometimes presenting as two lobes, laterally; posteroventral margin of segment V with six reduced lobes. Telson small, narrow, length to width (TL/W), 2.22–2.81 and length to height (TL/H), 2.22– 2.71 (Figs 20F, 21F). Distribution: Odontobuthus tirgari is endemic to Iran and recorded in four provinces: North Khorasan; Razavi Khorasan; Sistan and Baluchistan; South Khorasan (Vatani & Khoobdel, 2009; Ramezani et al., 2010; Karata&scedil; et al., 2012; Mirshamsi et al., 2013; Azghadi et al., 2014; Mir et al., 2014; Navidpour & Mirshamsi, 2014). Additional material: IRAN: Razavi Khorasan Province: G ona b a d, Gh oz hd Jung l e, 3 4° 2 5′ N 58°44′E, 1035 m, 30.vi.2018, UV light at night, silty soil, H. Barahoei, two &male;&male; (ZMFUM); Gonabad, Kakhk–Ostad road, 34°07′N 58°46′E, 6.viii.2011, O. Mirshamsi, two &male;&male;, six subad. &female;&female; (ZMFUM); Gonabad, Kakhk village road, 34°09′N 58°45′E, 1391 m, 15.vii.2018, H. Barahoei, daytime excavation, loamy sand, two &male;&male;, two &female;&female;, two subad. &female;&female; (ZMFUM); Gonabad, Marghesh village, 3 km NE of Kakhk, 34°08′N 58°38′E, 15.vii.2011, O. Mirshamsi, two &male;&male;, seven &female;&female; (ZMFUM). Sistan and Baluchistan Province: Dasht-e Robat village, 30 km S of Khash, 28°04′N 61°19′E, 1382 m, 13.xi.2018, H. Barahoei, daytime excavation, loamy sand, one &male;, two &female;&female;, one subad. &female; (ZMFUM); Iranshahr, 30 km E, 27°13′N 61°03′E, 1605 m, 13. 2018; H. Barahoei, daytime excavation, loam, two &male;&male;, one &female;, one subad. &female; (ZMFUM); 40 km on Iranshahr–Rask road, 26°58′N 60°53′E, 975 m, 14.xi.2018, H. Barahoei, daytime excavation, sand; one &male;, three &female;&female;, one subad. &female; (ZMFUM); Iranshahr, Zimdan village, 26°49′N 60°58′E, 1390 m, 14.xi.2018, H. Barahoei, daytime excavation, loam, one &male;, one &female;, one subad. &female; (ZMFUM); Khash, Dehpabid village, 28°25′N 60°54′E, 1643 m, 16.xi.2018, H. Barahoei, daytime excavation, loamy sand, one &female;, two subad. &female;&female; (ZMFUM); Khash, Karvandar village, 27°43′N 60°45′E, 1045 m, 2.iv.2018, H. Barahoei, daytime excavation, one &male; (ZMFUM); Khash, Karvandar village, 27°51′N 60°45′E, 1230 m, 16.xi.2018, H. Barahoei, daytime excavation, sand, three &male;&male;, two subad. &male;&male; (ZMFUM); Khash, Nouk Abad, Gowhar Kouh, 28°27′N 60°39′E, 1501 m, 4.iv.2019, H. Barahoei, daytime excavation, clay loam, one &male;, one &female; (ZMFUM); Mehrestan, 5 km E, 27°10′N 61°41′E, 1285 m, 13.xi.2018, H. Barahoei, daytime excavation, clay loam, one &male;, four &female;&female;, two subad. &female;&female; (ZMFUM); Saravan, 5 km N, 27°25′N 62°17′E, 1206 m, 13.xi.2018, H. Barahoei, daytime excavation, loam, two &male;&male;, two &female;&female; (ZMFUM); Taftan Mountain, surroundings, iii.2018, A. Zamani, one subad. &female; [AMCC (LP 15795)]; Zabol, Sefidabeh, Palang Kouh, 30°49′N 60°34′E, 1175 m, 3.iv.2019, H. Barahoei, daytime excavation, clay loam, two &male;&male; (ZMFUM); Zahedan, Cheshmeh Ziarat, Polki village, 29°31′N 60°29′E, 1714 m, 2.iv.2018, H. Barahoei, daytime excavation, sand, one &male;, six &female;&female;, three subad. &female;&female; (ZMFUM); Zahedan, Manzel Aab village, 29°18′N 60°47′E, 1605 m, 24.vii.2017, H. Barahoei, UV light at night, clay loam, three &male;&male;, one &female;, one subad. &female; (ZMFUM). South Khorasan Province: Nehbandan, Chah-e Zard village, 31°32′N 60°02′E, 28.vii.2008, O. Mirshamsi, one &male;, one &female; (ZMFUM); Nehbandan, Sahl Abad, 32°19′N 59°49′E, 1618 m, 14.vii.2018, H. Barahoei, daytime excavation, one &male;, two &female;&female; (ZMFUM); Shosf, 31°45 ′N 60°04′E, 1501 m, 14.vii.2018, H. Barahoei, daytime excavation, one &male;, two &female;&female; (ZMFUM)., Published as part of Barahoei, Hossein, Prendini, Lorenzo, Navidpour, Shahrokh, Tahir, H. Muhammad, Aliabadian, Mansour, Siahsarvie, Roohollah & Mirshamsi, Omid, 2022, Integrative systematics of the tooth-tailed scorpions, Odontobuthus (Buthidae), with descriptions of three new species from the Iranian Plateau, pp. 355-398 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 195 on page 392, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab030, http://zenodo.org/record/6599965, {"references":["Vatani H, Khoobdel M. 2009. The scorpions of the Taibad region and the scorpionism situation in military environments. Military Medicine 11: 7 - 11.","Ramezani H, Matlabi M, Rafinejad J, Amiri M. 2010. The ecofaunistics of scorpions in Gonabad. Ofogh-e-Danesh. GMUHS Journal 16: 54 - 62.","Karatas A, Moradi-Gharkheloo M, Ucak M. 2012. Contribution to the distribution of the scorpions of Iran. Zoology in the Middle East 55: 111 - 120.","Motevalli Haghi F, Borna H, Dehghani R, Fazeli- Dinan M, Yazdani-Cherati J, Dehghan O, Sahraei- Rostami F, Nikookar SH. 2020. [Faunistic study of scorpions (Arachnida: Scorpiones) in Qaenat County in Iran in 2017]. Qom University of Medical Sciences Journal 14: 66 - 74 [in Farsi].","Mirshamsi O, Azghadi S, Navidpour S, Aliabadian M, Kovarik F. 2013. Odontobuthus tirgari sp. nov. (Scorpiones, Buthidae) from the eastern region of the Iranian Plateau. Zootaxa 3731: 153 - 170.","Azghadi S, Mirshamsi O, Navidpour S, Aliabadian M. 2014. Scorpions of the genus Odontobuthus Vachon, 1950 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from Iran: phylogenetic relationships inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequence data. Zoology in the Middle East 60: 169 - 179.","Navidpour S, Mirshamsi O. 2014. Two new species of the genus Odontobuthus (Scorpiones, Buthidae) from southern and eastern Iran. Proceedings of the 28 th European Congress of Arachnology, Torino, Italy, 112.","Barahoei H, Navidpour Sh, Aliabadian M, Siahsarvie R, Mirshamsi O. 2020. Scorpions of Iran (Arachnida: Scorpiones): annotated checklist, DELTA database and identification key. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 6: 375 - 474.","Mir Z, Mirshamsi O, Ghasemzadeh F. 2014. Scorpionfauna study of the north of Sistan and Baluchistan province. Proceedings of the 18 th National and 6 th International Congress of Biology in Iran, 26 - 29 August 2014, Kharazmi University, 19."]}

Background and purpose: The major motivation behind all human communities’ efforts and transformation is to promote and advance human beings health. This study aimed at to compare the effect of a healthy lifestyle electronic education on the knowledge and satisfaction of the elderly. Materials and Methods: This semi-experimental method has been done along with pre- and post-test for people 65 and older at Sari-based retirement Club in 2011. A total of 30 elderly people have been chosen through simple random sampling in two distinct 15 individual classes for women and men. The learners’ knowledge about nutrition has been assessed by using the standard questionnaire. The data have been described by SPSS software, using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Results: Mean score of elderly’s awareness before electronic education was 1.72 with the standard deviation of 0.71 which increased to 2.37 for the mean and 0.90 for the standard deviation after the education. The paired t-test with 3.20, the observed difference is significant at the error level of 0.05. The mean of elderly’s awareness before education was 11.55 with the standard deviation of 1.56 that increased after education 6.38 and 1.48, respectively. The level of satisfaction in the elderly was 52.73 with the standard deviation of 5.16. Conclusion: The result showed that training through educational film has been more effective on the elderly people’s nutritional knowledge and also the old people have been satisfied with the healthy lifestyle training through educational film. Thus, training via film and other educational means is recommended to promote the elderly’s health as a more efficient and effective method. [Abedi Gh, *Naghibi A, Farshidi F, Rostami F, Nadi A. The Effect of Electronic Education of Healthy Lifestyle on the Elderly’s Awareness and Satisfaction. IJHS 2014; 2(2): 10-18] http://jhs.mazums.ac.ir