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Myeloma patients are at an increased risk of severe forms of Covid-19. We examined response to mRNA vaccine between myeloma patients (n.127) and healthy volunteers (n.50). Anti-spike IgG antibody were detected in 76.9% of evaluable patients. 23.1% of MM patients failed to respond at two doses of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. Univariate analyses identified three independent adverse predictive factors of absence of immunological response to COVID-19 vaccine: extreme plasmacytosis (

The present study aimed to characterize the 1180 patent applications for coffee roasting in the world. The technologies that could be introduced in the Brazilian industry were numerically highlighted. The results showed that the world is possibly in a cycle of growth in coffee roasting technologies. They are predominantly product innovations, are deposited primarily in a few countries, and mostly by multinationals. In conclusion, the article demonstrates that patent prospecting can be an alternative in the technological advancement of Brazilian industry and can guarantee the identification of frontier technologies in several economic sectors. The article also pointed out the need for the Brazilian Roasting & Grinding industry to analyze the 173 patents on the frontier of knowledge that have not been filed in Brazil, which can demonstrate competitive technologies and great market value. In addition, monitoring by market leaders is suggested to recognize the sector's technological trajectory. O presente estudo tem como objetivo caracterizar os 1.180 pedidos de patente para torrefação de café no mundo. Destacou-se numericamente as tecnologias que poderiam ser introduzidas na indústria brasileira. Os resultados demonstraram que o mundo possivelmente está num ciclo de crescimento das tecnologias para torrefação de café. Elas são predominantemente inovações de produtos, são depositadas prioritariamente em poucos países e majoritariamente por multinacionais. Como conclusão, o artigo demonstra que a prospecção patentária pode ser uma alternativa no avanço tecnológico da indústria brasileira e pode garantir a identificação das tecnologias de fronteira de diversos setores econômicos. Os resultados obtidos ainda apontaram a necessidade de a indústria brasileira de Torrefação e Moagem analisar as 173 patentes da fronteira do conhecimento que não foram depositadas no Brasil, o que pode demonstrar tecnologias competitivas e de grande valor de mercado. Além disso, sugere-se um acompanhamento dos líderes do mercado para reconhecer a trajetória tecnológica do setor.

Phase relations, compositions, and modes of two natural primitive alkaline basalts were determined through experiments performed at 0.8 GPa, temperatures between 1000 and 1310 °C, and nominal water (H2Oi) contents varying from

The chemical transformation of CO2 into chemicals is a promising and interesting strategy to mitigate the increase of CO2 in the atmosphere. One valuable way is the production of syn-gas by the dry reforming of methane: Ni-based catalysts are highly active but also highly sensitive to carbon formation. Pure cerium oxide or as a component of mixed oxides as support of Ni was extensively investigated and showed promising results in limiting the deactivation by coking. This capability has been attributed to the specific properties of CeO2 to change oxidation state with the reversible redox transformation between Ce+4 and Ce+3. Accordingly, to defect chemistry the chemical reduction CeO2 leads to the release of lattice oxygen (OOx) from the bulk of the crystal, generating two oxygen vacancies (VO). During dry reforming, the oxygen vacancies over the CeO2-surface may adsorb the oxygen formed by the dissociation of CO2 on Ni sites, improving the reforming activity and the removal of carbonaceous deposits. However, the positive effect of CeO2 support on carbon removal has been reported to be particularly dependent on the catalyst preparation method which may affect Ni dispersion and metal support interaction. In the present work, the catalytic activity for the DRM reaction of nickel supported on ceria doped with different transition and rare-earth metals: samarium, lanthanum, zirconium and aluminium was investigated. The substitution of Ce+4 with aliovalent cations, such as La3+ and Sm3+, with different ionic radium involves the formation of defects and oxygen vacancies in the lattice, while Zr4+ produces a distortion that facilitates the Ce4+ reduction and increases the textural properties and surface area in reducing conditions, differently Al3+ does not form a solid solution with ceria. The metal doping affects also the strength of basic sites of ceria modifying the chemisorptions of carbon dioxide which is a reactant of DRM reaction. The purpose of this study is to enlighten, the role of oxygen vacancies of metal doped ceria support on the catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability of Ni-Me0.15Ce0.85O2-d catalysts.

Klotho proteins (α- and β-Klotho) are transmembrane proteins whose extracellular domain is secreted into blood and urine by ectodomain shedding. As such they behave as circulating proteins that regulate cell metabolism, endothelial function and calcium homeostasis, as well as modulating the lifespan connected activity of Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGFs, mainly 21 and 23) and other molecules (1). Recent data have shown that highest levels of plasma circulating Klotho are associated with a lower cardiovascular risk, thereby suggesting a possible role for Klotho in cardiovascular diseases (2). However, although Klotho has been identified in various organs, including kidney, brain, adipose tissue and intestine, it is unknown whether cardiomyocytes express Klotho and FGFs and, if so, whether high cardiovascular risk can be associated with cardiac expression of Klotho, FGFs and other related molecules. We examined myocardial biopsies from 20 patients with an estimated 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk in the range of 5% to 7.5% and 10 age-matched control subjects with an estimated 10-year ASCVD risk of, Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology, Vol. 120, No. 1 (Supplement) 2015

Riassunto: Questo contributo fornisce un aggiornamento sui più recenti studi sperimentali e sui modelli di calcolo relativi allo studio della reologia dei fusi silicatici naturali.

The silicate melt-magmatic rock phase change is one of the most important transitions occurring on the Earth. Even if this process is qualitatively well know, the physics of solidification and crystallization of natural glasses is still poorly known and constrained. A series of dynamic cooling experiments, at ambient pressure and oxygen fugacity, were run on two alkaline intermediate silicate rock compositions (latites and trachites) from Campi Flegrei (Naples, Italy) with the aim to shed light on this relevant process. Experiments were carried out using (a) five different cooling rates at a fixed thermal range of solidification (1300-800°C), and (b) different quenching temperatures at a fixed cooling rate (0.5°C/min). The results from 21 experiments, mainly analysed by SEM, EPMA and XRPD, show that the trachytic melt does not significantly crystallise for any imposed cooling rate, and only few tiny pyroxene microlites (< 1% by volume) sometimes form at lower cooling rates. On the opposite, the latitic melt starts to crystallise for cooling rates equal or slower than 3°C/min. At higher cooling rates (25 and 12.5°C/min), the run products were totally glassy. Furthermore, the second set of experiments clearly show that crystals are lacking above 900°C. Oxides and pyroxenes start to crystallise at 900°C and cooling rate=0.5°C/min. In the range between 900°C and 800°C, the latitic composition completely crystallises (> 90% by volume).

Water diffusion experiments were performed on a trachytic melt from the Agnano-Monte Spina explosive eruption (Phlegrean Fields, South Italy). Experiments were run in a piston cylinder apparatus at 1 GPa pressure, at temperatures from 1373 to 1673 K and for durations of 0 to 255 s, using the diffusion-couple technique. Water concentration profiles were measured by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. Water diffusion coefficients at different temperatures and water concentrations were calculated from the total water profiles, using the Boltzmann-Matano technique. Over the investigated range of temperatures and water concentrations, the diffusivity of water in potassic melts (Dwater), m2/s can be described by Arrhenius equations that can be generalized for water concentrations between 0.25 and 2 wt% as follows: Formula where CH2O is the water concentration in wt%, R is 8.3145 (J K−1 mol.−1) and T is the temperature in Kelvin. Water diffusivities in trachytic melts were compared with water diffusivities in rhyolitic and basaltic melts. The activation energies for water diffusivity in trachyte and basalt are comparable, and higher than the haplogranitic melt. This results in a convergence of water diffusion coefficients in all melts at lower (magmatic) temperatures.

Inflammatory bowel diseases are associated with an increased risk of vascular complications. The most important are arterial and venous thromboembolisms, which are considered as specific extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel diseases. Among venous thromboembolism events, portal vein thrombosis has been described in inflammatory bowel diseases. We report three cases of portal vein thrombosis occurring in patients with active inflammatory bowel disease. In two of them, hepatic abscess was present. Furthermore, we performed a systematic review based on the clinical literature published on this topic.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) accounts for 25% of gastroenterology output practice, making it one of the most common disorders in this practice. Psychological and social factors may affect the development of this chronic disorder. Furthermore, psychiatric symptoms and psychiatric diseases are highly prevalent in this condition, but the approach to treating these is not always straightforward. As emphasized in the biopsychosocial model of IBS, with regard to the modulatory role of stress-related brain-gut interactions and association of the disease with psychological factors and emotional state, it proves useful to encourage psychopharmacological treatments and psychosocial therapies, both aiming at reducing stress perception. The aim of this paper is to analyze the effectiveness of psychopharmacological treatment and psychological interventions on irritable bowel syndrome.

The structure of glasses in the K2O-Al2O3-TiO2-SiO2 system was investigated using XANES spectroscopy. Glass samples, synthesized by quenching in air from high temperature fusions, represent the addition of Al2O3 to a base of composition K2TiSi4O11 in amounts corresponding to 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, 1.25, and 1.50 mol p.f.u. In the Ti-free system, this range of alkali/aluminum ratios crosses the leucite stoichiometry at 1.0. Si K-edge and Al K-edge spectra indicate tetrahedral environments for these elements, and show no variations related to coordination change as a function of Al content. Changes in the relative intensities of peaks in the Al K-edge, however, suggest variation in the intertetrahedral (T-O-T) angle. We associate the decrease of this angle for the glasses of peraluminous composition with the presence of triclusters of tetrahedra. The pre-edge peak absorption features in the Ti K-edge XANES spectra indicate that the average Ti coordination decreases with the addition of Al2O3. We infer depletion of fivefold-coordinated titanium (possibly as alkali titanyl complexes), which are dominant in the Al-free glass, by the formation of fourfold coordinated Ti and alkali aluminate complexes (up to a concentration of 40% in the most peraluminous glass). Significant amounts of [V]Ti remain present, even at peraluminous compositions, in further support of tricluster formation as a mechanism for Al incorporation.

The present study focuses on gender while analyzing the effects of the Rural Poverty Reduction Project (RPRP) on the use of time and income generation as well as on cultural and social capital aspects. The study was based on a pilot project in Rio Grande do Norte designed to reinforce actions of the RPRP's focus on gender. The study should be viewed only as an exploratory evaluation that can be indicative of project effects, since the sample used was small and the time span between the subproject's implementation and the collection of impact data was short (only one year). However, other measures in the methodology guarantee a satisfactory minimum level of rigorousness in the evaluation, such as the comparison to a control group taken from a pipeline population of potential beneficiaries and a before-and-after approach to the analysis. The integration of gender concerns into World Bank poverty-reducing programs has been implemented by promoting inclusive development, ensuring that both women and men have a voice in the development of their community and benefit from new development opportunities. Part of this strategy is to advance women's economic empowerment by enhancing their ability to participate in land, labor, financial, and product markets. The current study was conducted simultaneously with the pilot project in order to document its results and, when possible, draw lessons that could be helpful in new operations. The study estimates, on a preliminary basis, how community investments that save women's time in household activities by themselves or combined with investments in production create the enabling environment for women's economic empowerment and, eventually, help reduce poverty.

The behaviour of H2O, F, Cl and S prior to and during the Plinian phase of the 3550-year old Avellino eruption was determined by the study of unheated primary glass inclusions and matrix glasses. The fall deposit can be divided into two sub-units on the basis of an abrupt change in colour: a phonolitic white layer at the base and a tephriphonolitic banded grey pumice layer at the top. The original tephriphonolitic magma is always found mixed with the phonolitic magma. Primary glass inclusions were only found in feldspar, amphibole and garnet associated with the white pumice. Glass inclusions in the products of the Avellino Plinian eruption contain a mean of 3.10 +/- 0.74 wt.% H2O, 0.95 +/- 0.15 wt.% F, 0.59 +/- 0.02 wt.% Cl, and 560 +/- 55 ppm S. The concentration of CO2 was below the detection Limit. Coexisting matrix glasses contain similar amounts of halogens but significantly less water (similar to 0.5 wt.%) and sulphur (similar to 100 ppm), suggesting that during the eruption the halogens did not behave as volatiles. Owing to the lack of primary glass inclusions and its hybrid nature, similar conclusions can only be hypothesised for the tephriphonolitic magma on the basis of volatile element distribution in the matrix glasses. Taking into account both our data and data from parental mafic melt inclusions by a previous study by P. Marianelli and co-workers, it has been possible to reconstruct the behaviour of volatiles in the Avellino magmatic reservoir in two stages: (1) variation of volatiles during crystal fractionation; and (2) exsolution of an "excess" gas phase when volatiles reach their solubility limit in silicate melts. The agreement between our data and the solubility limit of chlorine, sulphur and probably water in phonolitic melts at the postulated pressure and temperature (i.e., 100 MPa and 850 degrees C), suggests that such a phase exists. Compared to the other volatiles, fluorine does not exhibit a behaviour (i.e., flat distribution) consistent with the attainment of its solubility limit in phonolites. Using the petrologic method, the minimum output of volatiles during the Plinian phase of the Avellino eruption was hypothesised to be about 2 x 10 6 tons of H2SO4 and 25 x 10 6 tons of H2O. Due to both the presence of an "excess" vapour phase prior to eruption and the assumptions inherent in the petrologic method, the total calculated amounts should be considered as very conservative estimates of volatile outputs during the eruption.

International audience; Magmatic and volcanic processes are strongly controlled by the physical and thermodynamic properties of silicate melts. Recently it has been recognized that the way in which the magma crosses the so-called "glass transition" boundary can determine whether a quite degassing, through preferential pathways, or a catastrophic eruption will take place. On the other hand, the thermodynamic properties inform us regarding the internal energy of melts and crystals and how internal energy and other closely related thermodynamic functions change with temperature, so affecting processes as partial melting, solidification, the advective transport of heat, and volatile exsolution and degassing. The effect of volatiles on these properties is well recognized, but not satisfactorily investigated so far. In this study, calorimetric measurements were conducted on four series of variously hydrated multicomponent melts, obtained by remelting and homogeneization of natural magmas in order to investigate the effect of water on the glass transition interval (Tg) and heat capacity (Cp). The hydrous samples were synthesized in a piston cylinder and measured by the employement of a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Pantelleritic, latitic, HK basaltic and trachybasaltic compositions have been analysed over a range of water contents up to 5.3 wt%.For each investigated melt composition the cooling rate dependence of Tg has been characterized at four different temperatures corresponding to the onset, the inflection point, the peak and the stable liquid regions of the heat capacity curves. Tg of all compositions are strongly reduced by increasing water content. Base composition also has an effect, with the lowest Tg occurring in pantelleritic suite. For all sample a clear dependence on cooling/heating rate has been recorded. Peak and onset glass transition temperatures show constant viscosity values at differing water contents. Moreover the activation energies yielded by calorimetric and viscosimetry are, within experimental error, identical. This confirm that the calculation of viscosity through the employment of a simple shift factor, as already proposed by previous authors, can be used, for the investigated samples. So far it concern the effect of water on the heat capacities, we show that water has important effect and that complex patterns are observed for different compositional suites.

We have measured multicomponent chemical diffusion coefficients in a melt near to the low pressure water-saturated eutectic granite composition in the system K2O-Na2O-Al2O3- SiO2-H2O at 1.0 GPa and temperatures of 1300 and 1600 °C. The measured diffusion profiles can be accounted for within the analytical error by diffusion coefficients, which are not dependent on composition within the range of compositions accessed by our experiments. The multicomponent diffusion coefficient matrix [D] has a highly degenerate set of real, positive eigenvalues that show a regular relation to melt viscosity on an Arrhenius diagram. The smallest eigenvalue is that associated predominantly with Si-Al exchange. The larger two eigenvalues are those associated with Si-Na and Si-K exchange and are effectively degenerate, with the result that exchanges of alkalis for silica or for each other can proceed in pseudo-binary fashion without inducing fluxes of other components. The eigenvalue associated with H-Si exchange is smaller than the alkali-silica eigenvalues, but analytical uncertainties make it also effectively degenerate with the alkalis. Uphill diffusion, notably of water and alkalis, was observed in several experiments, and this would lead to transient partitioning of water and alkalis across diffusion interfaces showing large Al2O3 concentration gradients. Such partitioning in natural systems would persist until Al concentration gradients were erased by continued, much slower Al-Si interdiffusion.