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Self-organization processes, in which some form of collective behavior arises from local interactions in a physical system, are promising mechanisms in the context of manufacturing at ultra small scales, where processing techniques are technically challenging. In many cases, the approach is to induce self-organization or self-assembly phenomena on the system surface |which indeed acquires an increased importance at small scales because of the enhanced surface-to-volume ratio| as a result of which a desired surface morphology is achieved, with different properties depending on its intended application. In this thesis, we consider two important examples of self-organization processes which take place at the surfaces of many small non-equilibrium systems. One of them, kinetic roughening, reflects the dominance of fluctuations in the surface morphology, with strong correlations which are quite similar to those of an equilibrium system at a continuous phase transition. The second, opposite self-organization process is the formation of ordered patterns. In the thesis, we will deal with the control of the level and type of various surface properties, like roughness and other, and the conditions for the emergence of a varying degree of spatial order in patterns via spontaneous physical processes. We work in the context of ultrathin fluid films on solid substrates, focusing on the role of the physical effects that become relevant at these very small scales -but not so much at larger scales-, while other loose their relevance. One of these aspects is the thermal noise. The other one is the interaction between the uid surface and the substrate, that play a key role in the two reference physical systems we are going to study: an ultrathin fluid film falling down an inclined plane |where the dynamics of the fluid surface follows the celebrated Kuramoto-Sivashinsky (KS) equation -and a ferrofluid ultrathin film under a magnetic field. Both kinetic roughening and pattern formation usually exhibit some kinds of universal behavior. The universality classes in the kinetic roughening processes that occur in several approximations of the KS equation are widely studied in this thesis. These universality classes are characterized by both how the fluctuations scale with space and time and how these fluctuations are statistically distributed. We will deal with the emergence of symmetries in the fluctuation distributions that are unexpected considering the bare microscopic interactions; the non-trivial relation between the universality class of closely related models; with a novel physical mechanism that induces the transition between different universality (sub)classes as the system temperature and hence the dominant nature of the fluctuations (chaotic or stochastic) changes, and finally with some anomalous kinetic roughening processes in the limit of vanishing viscosity and surface tension. Finally, on the other hand, the formation of highly ordered patterns is assessed in the context of ultrathin ferrofluid films under a magnetic field, due to the spontaneous physical break-up of the film into drops. The conditions under which higher levels of order are achieved will be described. This is intended as a proof-of-concept, previous step that could encourage experiments being performed for this type of systems. This Doctoral Thesis has been supported by Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (Spain) through Formación del Profesorado Universitario scolarship No. FPU16/06304. Additionally, research by the author has been partially supported by Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Agencia Estatal de Investigación, and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (Spain and European Union) through grant Nos. FIS2015-66020-C2-1-P and PGC2018-094763-B-I00. Programa de Doctorado en Ingeniería Matemática por la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Presidente: Miguel Ángel Rodríguez Díaz.- Secretario: Juan Jesús Ruiz Lorenzo.- Vocal: Silvia Noemi Santalla Arribas

Máster Universitario en Formación del Profesorado de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria, Bachillerato y Formación Profesional (Universidad de Oviedo, Facultad de Formación del Profesorado y Educación) Resumen basado en el del autor Memoria de las experiencias adquiridas y de las observaciones realizadas durante el periodo formativo y en las prácticas docentes del Máster en Formación del Profesorado de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria, Bachillerato y Formación Profesional de la Universidad de Oviedo. Contiene un proyecto de innovación educativa y una propuesta de programación didáctica de Educación Plástica, Visual y Audiovisual de 4º de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO) asociada a él. Ambas propuestas han sido diseñadas tomando como referencia el centro educativo donde se realizaron las prácticas. La falta de motivación en los estudiantes es uno de los principales problemas detectados en la actualidad por la sociedad educativa. Por otro lado, los contenidos se organizan sin dotarlos de ningún tipo de nexo entre ellos, lo que desorienta al alumnado. Con el fin de luchar contra estos obstáculos, se desarrolla esta programación didáctica innovadora apoyada en el Aprendizaje Basado en Encargos Profesionales como reinterpretación del Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos y la simulación, acercando la realidad de varios oficios artísticos al día a día escolar. Este trabajo, que apuesta fundamentalmente por un cambio metodológico, también plantea la necesidad de replantear el proceso de evaluación del alumnado y adaptar el rol del docente a la realidad social actual. Con estas medidas, la finalidad del aprendizaje se visualiza de forma más evidente por parte del alumnado y la motivación intrínseca se vería implementada. Asturias ESP

La falta de motivación en los estudiantes es uno de los principales problemas detectados en la actualidad por la sociedad educativa. Por otro lado, los contenidos se organizan sin dotarlos de ningún tipo de nexo entre ellos, lo que desorienta al alumnado. Con el fin de luchar contra estos obstáculos, se desarrolla esta programación didáctica innovadora apoyada en el Aprendizaje Basado en Encargos Profesionales como reinterpretación del ABP y la simulación, acercando la realidad de varios oficios artísticos al día a día escolar. Este trabajo, que apuesta fundamentalmente por un cambio metodológico, también plantea la necesidad de replantear el proceso de evaluación del alumnado y adaptar el rol del docente a la realidad social líquida actual. Con estas medidas, la finalidad del aprendizaje se visualiza de forma más evidente por parte del alumnado y la motivación intrínseca se vería implementada.

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is the technologically available method as greenhouse mitigation option, where CO2 from fossil fuel plants is considered the main contributor. The conventional technology is chemical absorption capture, based on amines, and such solvents are energy‐intensive and produce wastes due to solvent degradation. Membrane technology is considered to consume less energy and not produce waste streams. Furthermore, scale‐up is facilitated by the modular design. However, the economic feasibility is limited by the transport properties of the membrane, the resistance, and the membrane material, since only polymeric membranes are commercially available yet. In this context, new membranes are being investigated in order to improve their properties and use cheaper and more sustainable materials, avoiding dependence on petroleum‐based raw materials. Hybrid membranes offer the opportunity of easily obtaining a homogeneous dispersion of two or more different materials with synergistic properties of the components. Chitosan is the second most abundant polymer from natural resources, cheap, non‐toxic and biodegradable, with good film forming properties, which make it a promising sustainable material for membrane applications. In this work, the chitosan is hybridized by the introduction of5 wt.% ionic liquid 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate. The permeabilities of both pure N2 and CO2 through chitosan and [Emim]‐[Ac]–chitosan membranes have been measured at different temperatures, and adjusted to an Arrhenius‐Van’Hoff model. The ionic liquid reduced the effect of temperature on membrane performance, as well as increased selectivity and the flexibility and robustness of the membrane, leading to a more suitable application to post combustion capture processes. The permeability and selectivity values were used to estimate the performance of the new membranes in a two‐stage membrane‐based system to capture CO2 from a conventional coal‐fired power plant in order to evaluate the three parameters related to the technical and economic feasibility of the process: the CO2 final purity, the feed pressure required, and the total membrane area. Grado en Ingeniería Química