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In this paper, stochastic fractal search (SFS) algorithm has been applied for optimal tuning of the parameters of two dissimilar PI controllers in automatic generation control (AGC) of interconnected thermal power systems with ITAE as objective function. The performance of the proposed SFS tuned PI controller for the same has also been compared with some popular techniques existing in the literature. From the simulation results, it has been found that the PI controllers optimized/tuned by the SFS produces less ITAE value, settling times, smooth dynamic response, less oscillations, and fast dynamic response when compared with some popular approaches in the literature for the same considered system and ITAE.

Psoriasis is a chronic skin disorder that affects approximately 2% of the US and European population. Over the last several years one of the major foci in psoriasis research has been the development of biological therapies for this disease. The aim of these therapies is to provide selective, immunologically directed intervention with fewer side effects than traditional therapies. This article will review the progress of four biological agents that are available or under investigation for clinical use: infliximab (Centocor Inc), etanercept (Amgen Inc/Wyeth), efalizumab (Genentech Inc/XOMA Ltd/Serono SA) and alefacept.