54 results on '"Renata Ribeiro Alvarenga"'
Search Results
2. Reproductive aspects of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) hatched from eggs incubated under different light colors
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Ana Patrícia Alves Leão, Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimo, Renata Ribeiro Alvarenga, Juliano Vogas Peixoto, Édison José Fassani, Victória Veiga Alves, Luciano José Pereira, Bruna Gomes Martins, Louise Marques Coelho, and Laryssa Fernanda Bernardes
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Male ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Color ,Coturnix ,Biology ,Semen collection ,Incubation period ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Animal science ,Food Animals ,Animals ,Small Animals ,Incubation ,Sperm motility ,Ovum ,media_common ,Egg incubation ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,Equine ,Hatching ,Reproduction ,0402 animal and dairy science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Every Three Days ,Sperm Motility ,Female ,Animal Science and Zoology - Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of exposure to different colors of light during egg incubation on the reproductive parameters of male and female Japanese quails. A total of 1776 eggs were incubated under four lighting conditions for 24 h a day during the entire incubation period: white LEDs, green LEDs, red LEDs and darkness (control). The experimental design was a randomized block (incubation time) with four treatments of six replicates of two cages each. After hatching, the birds were housed in brood cages with 18 birds each to 35 days of age, when they were sexed and transferred to production cages for evaluation of reproductive parameters. After the onset of laying, the number of eggs in each cage was recorded daily, and the values were used to obtain the age of the females at first egg and at 80% laying. At 35 and 60 days of age, several birds from each cage were euthanized for anatomical and histological evaluation of the gonads. Two females from each cage were weighed every three days until 60 days of age to determine the growth curve. After 60 days, eggs from each cage were collected and assessed for external and internal quality. At 70, 74 and 78 days of age, semen collection was performed and seminal quality was evaluated. Then, the males were transferred to cages containing 9 females for the fertility test. Hatchability was higher (P 0.05) in eggs incubated in the dark and under the red LED. The age of maximum growth was higher (P 0.05) in birds from eggs incubated in the dark and under the white LED. There was no difference (P 0.05) in the anatomical and histological characteristics of the testicles between the groups incubated under different light colors, except for the diameter of the seminiferous tubules, which was greater (P = 0.05) in the dark and in the white LED groups. There was no effect (P 0.05) of light color during incubation on the productive index or egg quality of adult birds. There was also no effect (P 0.05) on sperm quality, except for sperm motility, the values of which were higher (P 0.05) in birds from eggs incubated in different colors of light. However, this difference was not sufficient to significantly (P 0.05) influence bird fertility. It is concluded that under the studied conditions, the incubation of quail eggs under white, red, and green LED lamps does not influence the reproductive characteristics of the quails.
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- 2021
3. In ovo feeding of carbohydrates for broilers: A meta-analysis
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Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimo, Carla Oliveira Resende, Ana Patrícia Alves Leão, Luciano José Pereira, Adriano Geraldo, Juliana Tensol Pinto, and Renata Ribeiro Alvarenga
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Animal Science and Zoology - Published
- 2023
4. The effects of
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Nidia Fernanda, Gamboa Gonzales, Ana Patricia, Alves Leão, Renata, Ribeiro Alvarenga, and Marcio Gilberto, Zangeronimo
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This study aimed to evaluate the effect of
- Published
- 2022
5. In ovo injection with glycerol and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I): hatchability, intestinal morphometry, performance, and carcass characteristics of broilers
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Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimo, Yanka Do Couto Bueno, Pâmela Lacombe Retes, Danusa Gebin das Neves, Renata Ribeiro Alvarenga, Rani Silva Guedes Pereira, and Victória Veiga Alves
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medicine.medical_specialty ,animal structures ,integumentary system ,General Veterinary ,Chemistry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Growth factor ,Embryogenesis ,General Medicine ,In ovo ,Insulin-like growth factor ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Endocrinology ,Internal medicine ,embryonic structures ,medicine ,Glycerol ,Animal Science and Zoology - Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of in ovo injection with glycerol (GLY) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) on hatchability, biochemical parameters, intestinal morphometr...
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- 2020
6. Dietary crude protein levels during growth phase affects reproductive characteristics but not reproductive efficiency of adult male Japanese quails
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Diego de Rezende Lima, Alireza Seidavi, Pâmela Lacombe Retes, Victória Veiga Alves, B. A. Pereira, Natália de Castro Gonçalves, Danusa Gebin das Neves, Renata Ribeiro Alvarenga, Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimo, and Laryssa Fernanda Bernardes
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General Veterinary ,Adult male ,biology ,Physiology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Fertility ,Sertoli cell ,Quail ,Semen quality ,Animal science ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,biology.animal ,Genetics ,medicine ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Flock ,medicine.symptom ,Weight gain ,Completely randomized design ,Food Science ,media_common - Abstract
Objective: The objective was to evaluate the influence of different dietary crude protein (CP) levels during the growth phase on reproductive characteristics and reproductive efficiency as well as the body development of adult male Japanese quail.Methods: Three hundred one-day-old male quails were distributed into five treatments with diets containing different CP levels (18%, 20%, 22%, 24%, and 26%) in a completely randomized design, with six replicates of ten birds each. The CP diets were applied only during the growth phase (1 to 35 days). At 36 days of age, the birds were transferred to 30 laying cages with three males and nine females each, and all birds received the same diet formulated to meet production-phase requirements until 96 days of age.Results: The growth rate of the birds increased linearly (p0.05). At 35 days of age, higher weight gain was obtained (p0.05) nitrogen retention. Testis size, seminiferous tubular area, number of spermatogonia, and germinal epithelial height at 35 days of age increased linearly (p
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- 2021
7. Comitê de redes neurais e regressão múltipla ponderada para a predição de valores energéticos de alimentos para aves de corte
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Flávia Cristina Martins Queiroz Mariano, Renato Ribeiro de Lima, Renata Ribeiro Alvarenga, and Paulo Borges Rodrigues
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Coefficient of determination ,Mean squared error ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 ,0403 veterinary science ,energia metabolizável ,metabolizable energy ,Statistics ,Linear regression ,Amen ,Mathematics ,percentage of success ,intervalo de credibilidade da máxima probabilidade ,Artificial neural network ,broilers ,meta-análise ,0402 animal and dairy science ,Prediction interval ,percentagem de acerto ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Absolute deviation ,meta-analysis ,Mean absolute percentage error ,frangos de corte ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,highest-probability density interval - Abstract
The objective of this work was to compare the committee neural network (CNN) and weighted multiple linear regression (WMLR) models, in order to estimate the nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) of poultry feedstuffs. The prediction equation was adjusted by using a WMLR model and the meta-analysis principle. The models were compared by considering the correct prediction percentages, based on the classic prediction intervals and on the highest-probability density intervals, and by using a comparison test for proportions. The accuracy of the models was evaluated based on the values of the mean squared error, coefficient of determination, mean absolute deviation, mean absolute percentage error, and bias. Data from metabolic trials were used to compare the selected models. The committee neural network is the model that showed the highest accuracy of prediction, being recommended as the most accurate model to predict AMEn values for energetic concentrate feedstuffs used by the poultry feed industry. Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar o modelo comitê de redes neurais e o modelo de regressão linear múltipla ponderada (RLMP), para estimar a energia metabolizável aparente corrigida por nitrogênio (EMAn) de alimentos para aves. A equação de predição foi ajustada por RLMP e pelo princípio da meta-análise. Os modelos foram comparados tendo-se considerando as percentagens de acerto de predição, com base em intervalos de predição clássicos e intervalos de credibilidade da máxima densidade de probabilidade, e utilizado um teste para comparação de proporções. A acurácia dos modelos foi avaliada com base nos valores de erro médio quadrático, coeficiente de determinação, desvio médio absoluto, erro percentual absoluto médio e viés. Dados provenientes de ensaios metabólicos foram utilizados na comparação dos modelos selecionados. O comitê de redes neurais é o modelo que forneceu predições mais acuradas, sendo recomendado como o de maior acurácia, para prever os valores de EMAn de alimentos concentrados utilizados na indústria alimentícia para aves.
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- 2020
8. In ovo inoculation of probiotics for broiler chickens: Systematic review and meta-analysis
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Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimo, Renata Ribeiro Alvarenga, and Ana Patrícia Alves Leão
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animal structures ,Web of science ,Hatching ,Inoculation ,Broiler ,Biology ,In ovo ,law.invention ,Probiotic ,Animal science ,law ,Meta-analysis ,embryonic structures ,Animal Science and Zoology - Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of probiotic inoculation in fertilized eggs on hatching and posthatching characteristics of broilers. The search for scientific articles was conducted in December 2020 in eight databases (Embase, Google Scholar, SciELO, Science Direct, Scopus, Periodicos Capes, PubMed, and Web of Science) using the following combination of keywords: ((probiotic OR synbiotic) AND "in ovo"). Only articles that evaluated the effect of in ovo inoculation of probiotics, combined or not with other compounds, on hatching parameters (number of hatched eggs and hatching weight) and/or posthatching parameters (performance and carcass yield) in broilers were included. The meta-analysis was performed using the random-effects model to calculate the confidence interval (CI) of the differences between the group inoculated with probiotics and the control (vehicle inoculation). The degree of heterogeneity was assessed by meta-regression, and publication bias was assessed by funnel plots. Wide heterogeneity was observed (P 0.05) number of hatched eggs, hatching weight, or feed intake after hatching but increased (P
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- 2021
9. In ovo feeding of carbohydrates for broilers-a systematic review
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Alisson Hélio Sampaio Clemente, Pâmela Lacombe Retes, Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimo, Marcelo Espósito, Luciano José Pereira, Letícia Makiyama, Danusa Gebin das Neves, and Renata Ribeiro Alvarenga
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0301 basic medicine ,animal structures ,Scoring system ,Statistical design ,Carbohydrates ,0402 animal and dairy science ,Embryonated ,Broiler ,Chick Embryo ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Biology ,In ovo ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Injections ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,Animal science ,Food Animals ,embryonic structures ,Animals ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Ovum - Abstract
The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the evidence that the injection of carbohydrate-based solutions into embryonated eggs improves broiler performance. A literature search was conducted in April 2017 using the keywords broiler, carbohydrate, in ovo, nutrition and poultry. Only papers that involved in ovo carbohydrate injections in poultry were used in this study. After specific selection criteria, 17 papers were selected. The quality scoring system of the selected studies was based on the injection methodology, use of control groups, type of solution injected, period of injection, egg and hens characteristics, number of variables analysed and the statistical design. Among papers, there was no standardised procedure in to inoculate the solutions. Nevertheless, in general, in ovo feeding of carbohydrates decreases the hatch rate, improves the hatch weight, but it does not seem to influence the post-hatch performance of broilers. The inoculation of 75 mg of glucose in the albumen seems to bring better results. Further studies are needed to improve the technical methodology of in ovo injections for commercial use.
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- 2017
10. Reproductive Characteristics of Cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) Maintained in Captivityand Receiving Madagascar Cockroach (Gromphadorhina portentosa) Meal
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Marcelo Espósito, Carlos Eduardo do Prado Saad, Walter Motta Ferreira, Renata Ribeiro Alvarenga, T.S.G. Carvalho, Tarcisio Moraes Gonçalves, Lívia Geraldi Ferreira, Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimo, and Peter Bitencourt Faria
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food.ingredient ,Cockatiels ,animal structures ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Biology ,Article ,reproduction ,Madagascar cockroach ,food ,Animal science ,Yolk ,biology.animal ,lcsh:Zoology ,biology.domesticated_animal ,lcsh:QL1-991 ,Incubation ,media_common ,Meal ,Cockroach ,psittacid ,lcsh:Veterinary medicine ,General Veterinary ,Hatching ,cockatoo ,nutrition ,lcsh:SF600-1100 ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Nymphicus hollandicus ,Reproduction - Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of a Madagascar cockroach (Gromphadorhina portentosa) meal in the feed of cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) in captivity and its influence on the reproductive characteristics of these birds. Twelve pairs of birds were used during two subsequent reproductive cycles of 130 days each, with time divided into four phases: laying, incubation, rearing of chicks until 30 days of age, and return to the new laying phase. The pairs were divided into two groups: a control group, which received a commercial diet for psittacines + a mixture of seeds, and a test group, which received the same diet as the control group except for the addition of a Madagascar cockroach meal in a ratio of 14 g of commercial food to 1 g of cockroach meal (6.6%). After hatching, chicks remained with their parents until 30 days of age. Subsequently, the chicks were transferred to another room and monitored until the 90th day of life. The inclusion of cockroach meal did not influence (p >, 0.05) the intake of commercial food and mixture of seeds during the reproductive phases evaluated, except for feed intake, which was increased relative to control values (p = 0.02) in the return-to-laying phase. Yolk cholesterol content, egg width and egg shape index were increased with the inclusion of the cockroach meal, whereas the number of days to return to the new laying phase was reduced compared to the control (p = 0.02). The number of eggs laid decreased (p <, 0.05) with the inclusion of the cockroach meal, however, the percentage of hatching was higher in the test group than in the control group (p <, 0.05). No significant effect (p >, 0.05) of dietary treatment was observed on the number of viable chicks at 1, 30 and 90 days of age or on the contents of most fatty acids present in the yolk. The findings of this study indicate that a Madagascar cockroach meal can be used as an alternative feedstuff in the diets for cockatiels and can lead to minor improvements in reproductive characteristics when replacing 6.6% of the commercial pelleted diet.
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- 2019
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11. Inclusion of Madagascar cockroach (Gromphadorhina portentosa) meal in the diet of cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) in captivity: Influences on offspring development
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Luiz G.S. Ramos, Renata Ribeiro Alvarenga, Carlos Eduardo do Prado Saad, Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimo, Mariana C.S. Carvalho, Tarcisio Moraes Gonçalves, T.S.G. Carvalho, Erika A. Oliveira, Diego Vicente da Costa, and Lívia Geraldi Ferreira
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Male ,animal structures ,Cockatiels ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Offspring ,Captivity ,Cockatoos ,Cockroaches ,Biology ,0403 veterinary science ,03 medical and health sciences ,Animal science ,Nest ,biology.animal ,biology.domesticated_animal ,Animals ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Meal ,Cockroach ,Gromphadorhina portentosa ,General Veterinary ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Animal Feed ,Diet ,Dietary Supplements ,Nymphicus hollandicus - Abstract
The use of unconventional food for animals is becoming more common. The objective was to evaluate the inclusion of Madagascar cockroach (Gromphadorhina portentosa) meal in the diet of cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus) chicks in captivity. Twenty-eight cockatiel chicks were used during 90 days of experiment. The animals were divided into two groups: a control group (receiving commercial feed + seed mixture) and a test group (receiving a control diet supplemented with Madagascar cockroach meal). The cockroach meal was mixed into commercial feed at a ratio of 14:1 (commercial feed: cockroach meal; 6.6% inclusion). Parents of the chicks were fed the experimental diets 30 days before egg laying to evaluate the influence of the cockroach meal on offspring development in the nest (1 to 30 days of age). Body development of the birds was evaluated every three days from the first to the 30th day of age and then every 15 days from the 31st to the 90th day of age. The cockroach meal did not influence (P > .05) the growth characteristics, body weight, total length or length of the animal's beaks, wings or tails, but increased seed consumption from the 31st to the 90th day of age. It is concluded that the cockroach meal can be used in the diet of growing cockatiels at an addition level of 6.6%.
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- 2019
12. Effects ofin ovofeeding with glycerol for broilers
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Danusa Gebin das Neves, Renata Ribeiro Alvarenga, Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimo, Pâmela Lacombe Retes, Édison José Fassani, Luciano José Pereira, Luciana de Paula Naves, Lívia Geraldi Ferreira, Raimundo Vicente de Sousa, and R. R. Rocha
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Glycerol ,0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,animal structures ,food.ingredient ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Ileum ,Chick Embryo ,Biology ,In ovo ,Injections ,Jejunum ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Animal science ,food ,Food Animals ,Yolk ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Muscle, Skeletal ,Gizzard ,Pancreas ,Saline ,Ovum ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,0402 animal and dairy science ,Broiler ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Intestines ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,Liver ,chemistry ,embryonic structures ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Chickens - Abstract
Summary The objective was to evaluate the effect of in ovo feeding with glycerol on post-hatch development in broiler chicks. A total of 408 fertile eggs were divided into six experimental groups consisting of five 0.9% saline solutions containing various concentrations of glycerol (12.5, 25.0, 37.5 and 50.0 nmol/ml), and a placebo group (inoculation with saline only) and a control group (without inoculation). Inoculations were performed at 17 days of incubation for the evaluation of hatchability, embryo mortality, body and viscera weights, intestinal epithelium morphometry, blood glucose and liver glycerol kinase activity of chicks at hatching. Inoculation of solutions containing glycerol did not influence body weight at hatching and relative weights of liver, pancreas, intestine and breast. There was a quadratic effect of glycerol levels on the weights of yolk residue and gizzard and on blood glucose, and an increasing linear effect on spleen and heart weights. Higher duodenum and ileum villous height and deeper jejunum and ileum crypts were obtained with 50.0 nmol/ml of glycerol. A linear increasing effect was also observed in liver glycerol kinase activity; however, lower blood glucose was observed with 37.5 and 50 nmol/ml of glycerol. It is therefore concluded that glycerol may be used at doses of 25 nmol/ml as a substrate in in ovo feeding of broiler chickens. However, further studies must be conducted not only to establish an optimal dose but also to evaluate the combination of this substrate with other nutrients used in the in ovo feeding.
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- 2016
13. Effect of different light sources on reproductive anatomy and physiology of Japanese quail ( Coturnix coturnix japonica )
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Édison José Fassani, Pâmela Lacombe Retes, Joan E. Rodríguez-Gil, M. F. Bobadilla-Mendez, Renata Ribeiro Alvarenga, C.P. Rojas-Granados, Lívia Geraldi Ferreira, Eric Francelino Andrade, and Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimo
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0301 basic medicine ,Light ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Color ,Physiology ,Coturnix ,Oviducts ,Japonica ,Photostimulation ,03 medical and health sciences ,Endocrinology ,Food Animals ,biology.animal ,Animals ,Sexual maturity ,Sexual Maturation ,media_common ,biology ,Physiological condition ,Ovary ,0402 animal and dairy science ,Genitalia, Female ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,Anatomy ,biology.organism_classification ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Quail ,030104 developmental biology ,Coturnix coturnix ,Oviduct ,Female ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Reproduction - Abstract
Artificial lights are essential for controlling the reproductive tract development of birds during puberty and therefore influence reproductive quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different light sources on reproductive anatomic and physiological characteristics of female Japanese quail ( Coturnix coturnix japonica ). A total of 270 birds from one day of age were housed in a masonry shed divided into six rooms with light isolation. Each room was equipped with a different type of light bulb and contained seven cages with five birds in each. The light bulbs tested were: incandescent; compact fluorescent; and light-emitting diode (LED) in the colors white, blue, red and green. The experimental design was completely randomized with six treatments and seven replications of individual birds each. The anatomic and physiological condition of the birds was evaluated at four, eight and 12 weeks of age. The white LED bulb advanced (P the sexual maturity by one week, resulted (P in higher live weights and greater weight and relative percentage of ovarian stroma, oviduct and ovarian tissue at eight weeks of age. Higher plasma concentrations of estradiol and lipids were also observed (P at eight weeks under the white LED bulb. At 12 weeks of age, the magnum and isthmus folding characteristics were better (P with the red LED bulb. In conclusion, the photostimulation with the white LED bulb was more efficient at activating the reproductive cycle, hastening the onset of sexual maturity and increasing the development of reproductive organs after puberty.
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- 2016
14. Behaviour of cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) at two temperatures in captivity
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Carlos Eduardo do Prado Saad, Renata Ribeiro Alvarenga, Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimo, V.D.L. Assis, T.S.G. Carvalho, J. P. Silva, V. M. Pereira, and João Domingos Scalon
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Cockatiels ,thermal comfort ,Captivity ,Psittaciformes ,animal welfare ,conforto térmico ,cativeiro ,Animal science ,aves ,biology.domesticated_animal ,Relative humidity ,parrot ,lcsh:SF1-1100 ,Perch ,General Veterinary ,biology ,Ecology ,biology.organism_classification ,Temperature stress ,captivity ,Plumage ,birds ,psitacídeo ,Nymphicus hollandicus ,lcsh:Animal culture ,Cage ,bem-estar animal - Abstract
Behavioural studies with cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) in captivity are scarce. Due to the need for appropriate management of these animals, this study was performed to examine the behaviour of cockatiels kept in captivity at two temperatures. Sixteen cockatiels were individually housed in cages (62cm high x 43cm long x 27cm wide) and fed with a commercial ration and seed mixture for psittacids. Water was provided ad libitum. The eight-day experiment was divided into two stages of four days each. In the first stage, the birds were kept at room temperature (25°C) with 70% relative humidity during 24 hours. In the next stage, they were kept at 35°C from 06:00 to 18:00h and 25°C from 18:00 to 06:00h, also at 70% relative humidity. The behaviour of the birds was assessed by the analysis of video recordings taken from 6:00 to 18:00h. Lateral displacement on the perch, walking on the wire net, resting on the abdomen, stopping on the wire net, standing on the drinker or feeder, seed intake, cleaning the wings and shaking the plumage were not influenced (P>0.08) by temperature. Undesirable activities such as gnawing the perch or the wire net also showed no influence of temperature (P>0.15). At 35°C, the birds remained on the cage floor less often (P
- Published
- 2015
15. Validation of Prediction Equations of Energy Values of a Single Ingredient or Their Combinations in Male Broilers
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Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimo, Flávia Cristina Martins Queiroz Mariano, Eduardo Machado Costa Lima, N. B. S. Nardelli, Paulo Borges Rodrigues, Luciana de Paula Naves, Renata Ribeiro Alvarenga, Evelyn Cristina de Oliveira, and A. A. P. Garcia
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Meal ,Energy ,Soybean meal ,lcsh:Animal biochemistry ,Prediction Equation ,Gluten ,Article ,Poultry ,Ingredient ,Neutral Detergent Fiber ,chemistry ,Feed Formulation ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Composition (visual arts) ,Dry matter ,Amen ,Food science ,lcsh:Animal culture ,lcsh:QP501-801 ,Food Science ,Mathematics ,lcsh:SF1-1100 - Abstract
A set of prediction equations to estimate the nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) of individual ingredients and diets used in the poultry feed industry was evaluated. The AMEn values of three energy ingredients (maize, sorghum and defatted maize germ meal), four protein ingredients (soybean meal, maize gluten meal 60% crude protein, integral micronized soy and roasted whole soybean) and four diets (three containing four feedstuffs, complex diets, and one containing only corn-soybean meal, basal diet) were determined using a metabolism assay with male broilers from 1 to 7, 8 to 21, 22 to 35, and 36 to 42 days old. These values were compared to the AMEn values presented in the tables of energy composition or estimated by equation predictions based on chemical composition data of feedstuffs. In general, the equation predictions more precisely estimated the AMEn of feedstuffs when compared to the tables of energy composition. The equation AMEn (dry matter [DM] basis) = 4,164.187+51.006 ether extract (% in DM basis)-197.663 ash-35.689 crude fiber (% in DM basis)-20.593 neutral detergent fiber (% in DM basis) (R(2) = 0.75) was the most applicable for the prediction of the energy values of feedstuffs and diets used in the poultry feed industry.
- Published
- 2015
16. Influência de diferentes intervalos de coleta de excretas sobre o valor energético e de nutrientes metabolizáveis de alimentos para aves
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Carlos Cicinato Vieira Melo, Renata Ribeiro Alvarenga, Aline de Assis Lago, Luziane Moreira dos Santos, Paulo Borges Rodrigues, Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimo, Dalton Mendes de Oliveira, and Evelyn Cristina de Oliveira
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General Medicine - Abstract
Objetivou-se avaliar a influência dos diferentes intervalos de coleta total de excretas sobre a digestibilidade e o valor energético de rações para frangos de corte. O ensaio metabólico foi conduzido no Setor de Avicultura do Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal de Lavras, em Lavras, MG, utilizando 72 pintos dos 30 aos 37 dias de idade, machos, da linhagem Cobb-500, distribuídos aleatoriamente em gaiolas metabólicas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2x2 (dois alimentos – farelo de soja e farinha de carne e ossos – e duas metodologias de coleta – uma ou duas diárias) totalizando quatro tratamentos com quatro repetições de três aves cada. Os coeficientes de metabolizabilidade da matéria seca (CMMS), da proteína (CMPB) e da energia (CME) e os valores de energia metabolizável aparente (EMA) e aparente corrigida (EMAn) de cada alimento foram determinados utilizando a metodologia de substituição. As formas de coleta influenciaram o CMMS e os valores de EMA e EMAn apenas da farinha de carne e ossos. Conclui-se que a metodologia de coleta total de excretas em frangos de corte deve ser realizada em duas coletas diárias com a farinha de carne e ossos e, para o farelo de soja, apenas uma coleta diária é suficiente.
- Published
- 2014
17. Metabolic parameters in rats receiving different levels of oral glycerol supplementation
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Renata Ribeiro Alvarenga, Adriano C. Costa, Raquel Vieira Lobato, Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimo, D. H. C. Damin, Débora Ribeiro Orlando, Luciano José Pereira, K. G. Lisenko, Eric Francelino Andrade, Raimundo Vicente de Sousa, and Renato Ribeiro de Lima
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Glycerol ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Administration, Oral ,Blood lipids ,Biology ,Excretion ,Random Allocation ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Animal science ,Food Animals ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Dry matter ,Animal nutrition ,Saline ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,Animal Feed ,Diet ,Rats ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Dietary Supplements ,Animal Science and Zoology ,medicine.symptom ,Weight gain ,Lipoprotein - Abstract
Summary The use of glycerol in the diets for animals is of interest because it is a residue of biodiesel production and rich in energy. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate metabolic and physiological parameters of rats receiving supplemental pure glycerol by gavage. We used 30 Wistar rats (initial weight 202.7 ± 29.98 g) receiving 0 (control/saline), 200, 400, 800 and 1600 mg glycerol/kg of body weight (bidistilled glycerine, 99.85% glycerol) beside food and water ad libitum for 28 days. We used a completely randomised design with five treatments and six replicates. At the end of the experiment, the animals were killed, and the results showed that there was no change (p > 0.05) in the intake and excretion of water, the average daily weight gain, dry matter, ash and crude protein in the carcass or plasma triacylglycerols. There was a beneficial effect (p
- Published
- 2014
18. Efficiency of microbial phytase supplementation in diets formulated with different calcium:phosphorus ratios, supplied to broilers from 22 to 33 days old
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L. de Paula Naves, Paula Rodrigues, M. M. Saldanha, L. do V. Teixeira, Rafael Rodrigues Lima, E. C. de Oliveira, Renata Ribeiro Alvarenga, and Angelita Duarte Corrêa
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Calcium ,Excretion ,Animal science ,Food Animals ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Dry matter ,Calcium phosphorus ,6-Phytase ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,Magnesium ,Phosphorus ,Metabolism ,Animal Feed ,Diet ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Dietary Supplements ,Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Phytase ,Chickens - Abstract
An experiment was conducted with broilers from 22 to 33 days of age to evaluate the efficiency of six microbial phytases supplemented in diets (1500 FTU/kg) that were formulated with three different calcium:available phosphorus (Ca:P(avail)) ratios (4.5:1.0, 6.0:1.0 and 7.5:1.0). A positive control diet without phytase was formulated with a Ca:P(avail) ratio of 7.5:3.4 to meet the nutritional requirements of the broilers. The P and ash contents of the tibia, magnesium in the plasma, performance, balance and retention of phytate phosphorus (P(phyt)), intake of total P and nitrogen (N), nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy and apparent digestibility of dry matter of the diets were not influenced (p > 0.05) by the type of phytase or the dietary Ca:P(avail) ratio. However, there was an interaction (p < 0.05) between the phytase type and the Ca:P(avail) ratio for the retention coefficients of total P, Ca and N. Phytase B resulted in the highest Ca deposition in the tibia (p < 0.01). Phytases D, E and F reduced the Ca concentrations in the tibia (p < 0.01) and plasma (p < 0.05). Phytase D increased the P level in the plasma and decreased the total P excretion (p < 0.01). Phytases E and F increased Ca excretion, while phytase A reduced it (p < 0.01). Regardless of the phytase type, increasing the dietary Ca:P(avail) ratio reduced (p < 0.05) the plasma P concentration and the excretion of total P and N and, conversely, increased (p < 0.05) the plasma concentration, intake and excretion of Ca. For the rearing period evaluated, it is possible to reduce the P(avail) of the diet to 1.0 g/kg when Ca is maintained at 7.5 g/kg, and the diet is supplemented with 1500 FTU of phytase A, C, D or E/kg. This diet allows the maintenance of performance and adequate bone mineralization, and it improves the Ca, total P and P(phyt) utilization in addition to reducing the excretion of N and P into the environment.
- Published
- 2014
19. Effect of the type of farrowing room on the welfare and productive performance of lactating sows and of piglets during tropical winter
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V. V. Rodrigues, Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimo, Renata Ribeiro Alvarenga, Aloízio Soares Ferreira, Gregório Murilo de Oliveira Júnior, Andressa S. Formigoni, Érika Martins de Figueiredo, and Wilams Gomes dos Santos
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Litter (animal) ,Veterinary medicine ,Animal science ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Lactation ,medicine ,General Medicine ,Biology ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Milk production - Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the behavior and performance of sows and piglets kept in different types of farrowing rooms: conventional farrowing room with jugglers and cages (CFR), CFR with a heated floor for the piglets alongside the sows (CFR+HF) and semi-outdoor farrowing room without a cage or heating floor but with access to a fenced field (SFR) during the tropical winter. Twenty-seven multiparous sows were allocated in three treatments and nine repetitions during 21 days. The relative humidity was higher at CFR and CFR+HF. The temperature of thigh and chest in contact with the floor and the neck were higher (P 0.09) the sows' and piglets' performances. SFR decreased the backfat thickness (P=0.03) and lactation efficiency, but did not affect milk production (P>0.12) or piglet performance (P>0.09). It is concluded that during tropical winter, conventional farrowing systems ensure better piglet performance compared to SFR but this last seems to improve the behavior of sows. The heating floor favors nursing and does not affect the welfare of sows.
- Published
- 2014
20. Increasing levels of phytase in diets formulated with reduced available phosphorus content supplied to male and female broilers
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Verônica Maria Pereira Bernardino, Paulo Borges Rodrigues, Luciana de Paula Naves, Levy do Vale Teixeira, Antônio Gilberto Bertechini, Yuri Pereira Efrem Natividade, Luziane Moreira dos Santos, and Renata Ribeiro Alvarenga
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medicine.medical_specialty ,enzima ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Positive control ,Calcium ,lcsh:Agriculture ,Excretion ,avicultura ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Animal science ,phytate ,Internal medicine ,fitato ,medicine ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,General Veterinary ,Phosphorus ,lcsh:S ,Broiler ,metabolismo ,aviculture ,desempenho ,lcsh:S1-972 ,bone ash ,enzyme ,Endocrinology ,Bone ash ,chemistry ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Phytase ,Aviculture ,metabolism ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,performance ,cinza óssea - Abstract
The reduction of the available phosphorus (avP) content in the broiler diet must be followed by the supplementation of adequate phytase. One experiment was conducted with broilers from 15 to 28 days of age to determine the level of necessary phytase when the mashed diet is formulated with 0.213% of avP to enable the results of performance, tibia ash content, and calcium (Ca) utilization similar to those determined for birds fed with diet formulated to meet their nutritional requirements. Thus, 120 broilers were distributed in (4+1) x2 factorial arrangement corresponding to four deficient diets in avP (0.213%) supplemented with phytase (0; 750; 1,500 or 2,250FTU kg-1) plus one positive control diet without phytase (0.426% of avP), supplied to male and female broilers. Males showed better performance and higher totalP retention. Decrease in the avP content of the diet without phytase use worsened the performance, tibia ash content, and Ca retention; however, these parameters were improved gradually with the increase of the phytase level in the diet. Regardless of sex, using 2,250FTU kg-1, it is possible to reduce the avP to 0.213% without impairing performance, tibia ash content, and Ca retention; in addition to reducing the totalP excretion in 56.75% and improving its utilization in 38.58%. A redução do teor de fósforo disponível (Pdisp) na dieta de frangos deve ser acompanhada de adequada suplementação da fitase. Um experimento foi conduzido com frangos de corte, no período de 15 a 28 dias de idade, para determinar o nível de fitase necessário quando a ração farelada é formulada com 0,213% de Pdisp para permitir resultados de desempenho, teor de cinzas na tíbia e aproveitamento do cálcio (Ca) semelhantes ao determinado para aves alimentadas com uma dieta formulada para atender suas exigências nutricionais. Desse modo, 120 frangos foram distribuídos em esquema fatorial (4+1) x2, correspondendo a quatro rações deficientes em Pdisp (0,213%) suplementadas com fitase (0; 750; 1.500 ou 2.250FTU kg-1) mais uma ração controle positivo sem fitase (0,426% de Pdisp), fornecidas a frangos machos e fêmeas. Os machos apresentaram melhor desempenho e maior retenção de Ptotal. A redução do teor de Pdisp da dieta sem o uso de fitase piorou o desempenho, o teor de cinzas ósseas e a retenção do Ca, todavia, esses parâmetros foram gradativamente melhorados com o aumento do nível de fitase na ração. Independente do sexo, ao utilizar 2.250FTU kg-1, é possível reduzir o teor de Pdisp para 0,213% sem prejudicar o desempenho, teor de cinzas na tíbia e a retenção do Ca, além de reduzir a excreção do Ptotal em 56,75% e melhorar seu aproveitamento em 38,58%.
- Published
- 2014
21. Influence of light sources on body characteristics of female Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) in different reproductive ages
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Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimo, Pâmela Lacombe Retes, Édison José Fassani, Renata Ribeiro Alvarenga, Levy do Vale Teixeira, S. A. P. Alcebiades, Lívia Geraldi Ferreira, L. M. Batista, M. F. Bobadilla-Mendez, and E. A. Cañas-Mendoza
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photoperiodism ,biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Japonica ,Quail ,Photostimulation ,Light intensity ,Animal science ,biology.animal ,Coturnix coturnix ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Liver function ,Alanine aminotransferase ,Food Science - Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of different light sources on organ characteristics, bone development, chemical body composition and hepatic function of female Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) in different reproductive ages. In total, 210 female 1-day-old birds were housed in a brick shed, which was divided into six rooms during 12 weeks. Each room was equipped with a different type of light bulb (incandescent; compact fluorescent; and white, blue, red and green light-emitting diodes (LEDs)) and contained seven cages with five birds in each. The light intensity was 15 lx and the photoperiod was 23 h light and 1 h dark (23L:1D) during the first week, 10 L:14D from the second to the fifth week, and 17L:7D until the end of the experiment. The experimental design was completely randomised, with six treatments and seven replicates of each bird. The morphophysiological conditions of the birds were evaluated at the beginning (8 weeks) and during peak production (12 weeks). At 8 weeks, a higher intestine weight and length and liver weight were observed in birds maintained in white LED (P < 0.05). Lower breast weight (P < 0.01) was also observed with this type of lamp. White and red LEDs decreased (P < 0.05) the percentage of ash in the tibia, but this reduction did not affect (P > 0.05) bone resistance. At 12 weeks, higher bone resistance was obtained (P < 0.01) with white LED and higher eye diameter was observed (P < 0.05) with incandescent and white LED lamps. There was no influence (P > 0.05) of light sources on the circulating levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. Fluorescent bulbs resulted in the highest (P < 0.05) level of γ-glutamyltransferase, while blue LED resulted in the lowest level. There was no influence (P > 0.05) of light sources on chemical body composition in any of the evaluated ages. It was concluded that the photostimulation of Japanese quail with white LED is more efficient to stimulate their organ development, especially the intestine, until 8 weeks of life, resulting in birds with better bone development during peak production.
- Published
- 2019
22. Activity of glutamate dehydrogenase and protein content in the breast of broilers fed diets containing different sources and levels of glycerine
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L. de Paula Naves, Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimo, Verônica Maria Pereira Bernardino, Paulo Borges Rodrigues, Luziane Moreira dos Santos, Levy do Vale Teixeira, Renata Ribeiro Alvarenga, and Priscila Vieira Rosa
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Glycerol ,Male ,food.ingredient ,Muscle Proteins ,Biology ,Weight Gain ,Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ,Soybean oil ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,food ,Glutamate Dehydrogenase ,Food Animals ,medicine ,Animals ,Food science ,Animal nutrition ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Glutamate dehydrogenase ,Animal Feed ,Enzyme assay ,Diet ,Amino acid ,Enzyme ,Biochemistry ,chemistry ,biology.protein ,Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ,Animal Science and Zoology ,medicine.symptom ,Chickens ,Weight gain - Abstract
According to scientific literature, glycerol in the diet can spare glucogenic amino acids by inhibiting the activity of enzymes, such as glutamate dehydrogenase, thereby promoting protein deposition in muscle tissues. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of three sources of glycerine (crude glycerine from soybean oil--CGSO, mixed crude glycerine from frying oil and lard--MCG and a semipurified glycerine from soybean oil--SPGSO) in four concentrations in the diet (17.5, 35.0, 52.5 and 70.0 g of each type of glycerine/kg of feed) on the activity of hepatic glutamate dehydrogenase, performance and protein content in the breast of broilers, during 22-35 days of age (experiment I) and 33-43 days of age (experiment II). In both experiments, an increase in MCG induced a linear decline in glutamate dehydrogenase activity (p0.05). In contrast, increasing the concentration of SPGSO in the diet caused a linear increase in enzyme activity (p0.05). There was no (p0.05) isolated effect of glycerine on the enzyme activity in either evaluated phase; however, during 33-42 days of age, MCG inhibited (p0.05) the glutamate dehydrogenase activity by up to 34.43%. During 22-35 days of age, the diet containing SPGSO induced a higher protein content (p0.05) in the breast, and regardless of the source utilized, the maximum protein deposition was estimated (p0.05) when broilers were fed with 55.08 g glycerine/kg of diet. There was no (p0.05) interaction or isolated effects of the sources and levels of glycerine on the protein content in the breast of broilers at 33-42 days of age, and moreover, all diets containing glycerine promoted a similar protein deposition in the breast compared with birds that received the diet without glycerine. The bird age also showed to influence the feed intake and weight gain of broilers fed diet containing glycerine. It is concluded that for both rearing phases, an increase in glycerine in the diet did not necessarily reduce the glutamate dehydrogenase activity, and the protein deposition in the breast of broilers may not be strictly correlated with the activity of this enzyme.
- Published
- 2013
23. Content of plasmatic glycerol and activity of hepatic glycerol kinase in broiler chickens fed diets containing different sources and concentrations of glycerine
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Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimo, Paulo Borges Rodrigues, Verônica Maria Pereira Bernardino, Elisangela Minati Gomide, Renata Ribeiro Alvarenga, Priscila Vieira Rosa, L. de Paula Naves, and M. M. Saldanha
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Glycerol ,Male ,Glycerol kinase ,food.ingredient ,Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ,Soybean oil ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,food ,Food Animals ,Glycerol Kinase ,Liver enzyme ,Animals ,Food science ,Animal nutrition ,Biodiesel ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,biology ,Chemistry ,Broiler ,food and beverages ,Animal Feed ,Enzyme assay ,Diet ,Liver ,Biochemistry ,biology.protein ,Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Chickens - Abstract
Summary The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of three sources of glycerine (crude glycerine from soya bean oil – CGSO, mixed crude glycerine from frying oil and lard – MCG, and a semipurified glycerine from soya bean oil – SPGSO) in four concentrations in the diet (17.5, 35.0, 52.5 and 70.0 g of each type of glycerine per kg of feed) on the levels of plasmatic glycerol and the activity of the hepatic enzyme glycerol kinase in broilers of 22–35 days old (experiment I) and 33–42 days old (experiment II). The highest (p
- Published
- 2013
24. Formulación de dietas para pollos: la importancia de usar de ecuaciones de predicción para estimar los valores de energía
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Paulo Borges Rodrigues, R.C. Wolp, Renata Ribeiro Alvarenga, Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimo, E. C. Almeida, and Luciano José Pereira
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Statistics ,Statistical analysis ,General Medicine ,Food science ,Age and sex ,Mathematics - Abstract
The search for more precise information about the energy values of diets is an important factor in the preparation of feed for poultry. There are several factors that can influence these values, such as the chemical composition of foods, processing ingredients or the age and sex of birds. Such variations are constantly leading to incorrect formulations that directly reflect on performance and carcass quality. In this sense, the use of prediction equations based on the chemical composition of foods has been of great value and have been replacing the use of tables of food energy composition, especially when considering the principle of meta-analysis in the development of these equations. Meta-analysis consists of a statistical methodology where different experimental conditions are taken into consideration, such as genetic, density of creation, age, among other. In the literature, different prediction equations can be found, however, further studies consisting new databases to fit these equations and studies of performance with poultry comparing different equations and tables to estimate the energy value of feedstuffs are important to check the efficacy of these equations. New lines of research should be directed to draft the most appropriate equations to meet the needs of birds in various conditions, like different phases of growth, genetic, processing of foods and others.
- Published
- 2013
25. Prediction of the energy values of feedstuffs for broilers using meta-analysis and neural networks
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Paulo Borges Rodrigues, Germano Augusto Jerônimo do Nascimento, C. A. Paixão, R. R. Lima, Renata Ribeiro Alvarenga, and Flávia Cristina Martins Queiroz Mariano
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avian production ,Artificial neural network ,Mean squared error ,broilers ,Proteins ,Regression analysis ,Animal Feed ,Models, Biological ,SF1-1100 ,Animal culture ,Absolute deviation ,metabolisable energy ,Mean absolute percentage error ,Multilayer perceptron ,Statistics ,Animals ,Animal Science and Zoology ,multilayer perceptron ,Neural Networks, Computer ,Amen ,Energy Metabolism ,Chickens ,Brazil ,Energy (signal processing) ,Mathematics - Abstract
Several researchers have developed prediction equations to estimate the metabolisable energy (ME) of energetic and protein concentrate feedstuffs used in diets for broilers. The ME is estimated by considering CP, ether extract, ash and fibre contents. However, the results obtained using traditional regression analysis methods have been inconsistent and new techniques can be used to obtain better estimate of the feedstuffs’ energy value. The objective of this paper was to implement a multilayer perceptron network to estimate the nitrogen-corrected metabolisable energy (AMEn) values of the energetic and protein concentrate feeds, generally used by the poultry feed industry. The concentrate feeds were from plant origin. The dataset contains 568 experimental results, all from Brazil. This dataset was separated into two parts: one part with 454 data, which was used to train, and the other one with 114 data, which was used to evaluate the accuracy of each implemented network. The accuracy of the models was evaluated on the basis of their values of mean squared error, R2, mean absolute deviation, mean absolute percentage error and bias. The 7-5-3-1 model presented the highest accuracy of prediction. It was developed an Excel® AMEn calculator by using the best model, which provides a rapid and efficient way to predict the AMEn values of concentrate feedstuffs for broilers.
- Published
- 2013
26. Use of glycerine in poultry diets
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Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimo, E. M. C. Lima, Paulo Borges Rodrigues, Renata Ribeiro Alvarenga, and Verônica Maria Pereira Bernardino
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chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,business.industry ,Broiler ,Glycerol ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Food science ,Poultry farming ,Biology ,Energy source ,business ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Continuous advances in the poultry industry have stimulated the use of alternative feeds in poultry diets, and in particular glycerine, given its availability via the increase in world production o...
- Published
- 2012
27. Influence of different types of lamps on the reproductive development of male Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)
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Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimo, Pâmela Lacombe Retes, Manuel F. Bobadilla-Mendez, Édison José Fassani, Louise Marques Coelho, Danusa Gebin das Neves, Renata Ribeiro Alvarenga, Arabela G.A. Viana, Juliano Vogas Peixoto, and Marcelo Espósito
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0301 basic medicine ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,animal structures ,Reproductive tract ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Semen ,Coturnix ,Japonica ,03 medical and health sciences ,Semen quality ,Random Allocation ,Animal science ,Food Animals ,biology.animal ,Internal medicine ,Testis ,medicine ,Sexual maturity ,Animals ,Sexual Maturation ,Small Animals ,media_common ,biology ,Equine ,Body Weight ,0402 animal and dairy science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Quail ,Semen Analysis ,030104 developmental biology ,Endocrinology ,Fertility ,Coturnix coturnix ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Reproduction - Abstract
Reproductive tract development during puberty is critical to reproductive performance, and the light is crucial in this process in birds. However, in male quail, there is little information on the effects of types of lamps, more specifically the wavelength emitted. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the effects of types of lamps on the reproductive performance of male Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Two hundred and forty male quail were exposed to six different types of lamp (incandescent, white fluorescent, or blue, white, red or green LED). The experimental design was completely randomized with six treatments and five replicates of one quail. Quail were slaughtered on days 35, 47, 57, 71 and 123 to evaluate the development of testes. On day 117, semen samples were analyzed and fertilized eggs were incubated. Body weight of the quails was influenced (P 0.01) by lamps only until the 47 days of age. Higher body weight until this age were observed with incandescent, blue and green LED bulbs. Fluorescent and red LED bulbs propitiated (P 0.05) early testicular development of quails but, at 57 days of age, higher testicular development was obtained (P 0.01) whit white LED bulbs. Lower testicular development was observed (P 0.01) at 123 days of age with the red LED. No influence of different types of lamps was observed (P 0.05) on the quality of semen nor on the fertility rates of quail. It is concluded that lamps can influence the histological reproductive characteristics of male quails, but without influencing the semen quality. Fluorescent bulbs and red LED seem to anticipate the sexual maturity, but the white LED results in higher testicular development at 57 days of age.
- Published
- 2016
28. Equações de predição de valores energéticos de alimentos obtidas utilizando meta-análise e componentes principais Prediction equations of energetic values of feedstuffs obtained using meta-analysis and principal components
- Author
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Flávia Cristina Martins Queiroz Mariano, Renato Ribeiro de Lima, Paulo Borges Rodrigues, Renata Ribeiro Alvarenga, and Germano Augusto Jerônimo do Nascimento
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energia metabolizável ,lcsh:Agriculture ,validação de equações ,metabolizable energy ,composição química ,lcsh:S ,chemical composition ,validation of equations ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,lcsh:S1-972 - Abstract
Neste estudo, foi proposta a utilização da análise de componentes principais, na formação de grupos homogêneos de artigos científicos, a serem considerados em uma meta-análise. Nessa meta-análise, foram utilizados resultados referentes à composição química e energia metabolizável aparente corrigida pelo balanço de nitrogênio (EMAn) de alimentos para aves, na obtenção de equações de predição da EMAn. Foram considerados 293 experimentos com resultados já publicados. Dados provenientes de ensaios metabólicos foram utilizados na validação das equações de predição obtidas, sendo que estas apresentaram resultados semelhantes às disponíveis na literatura. No procedimento de meta-análise, a formação de grupos homogêneos de resultados experimentais, que é uma das maiores dificuldades, foi facilitada com a utilização de componentes principais, uma vez que não houve a necessidade de determinar variáveis ou fatores a serem considerados nessa classificação. Assim, tem-se uma forma rápida e eficiente de definir tais grupos.The purpose of this study was to develop a meta-analysis study by using the principal components analysis to obtain homogeneous groups of experimental results. In the process of the meta-analysis, it was considered data from 293 experiments carried out in Brazil. Prediction equations were obtained to estimate the nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) of poultry feedstuffs. Data from metabolic trials were used to validate the prediction equations obtained, which were similar than other available equations in the literature. One of the problems in meta-analysis is the determination of the homogeneous groups of experiments and, this problem was eliminated by using principal components, since there was no need to establish variables or factors to be considered in this classification.
- Published
- 2012
29. Soybean oil and crude protein levels for growing pigs kept under heat stress conditions
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Vinícius de Souza Cantarelli, Renata Ribeiro Alvarenga, Nair Elizabeth Barreto Rodrigues, R.C. Wolp, L.F. Rocha, R. Philomeno, Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimo, and Elias Tadeu Fialho
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,food.ingredient ,General Veterinary ,Swine ,Performance ,Randomized block design ,Ideal protein ,Biology ,veterinary(all) ,Soybean oil ,Heat stress ,Thyroid hormone ,Animal science ,Endocrinology ,food ,Physiological characteristics ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animal Science and Zoology - Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of soybean oil (SO) and crude protein (CP) on performance and physiological and hormonal parameters of pigs in high-temperature environment. Eighty-four growing pigs with initial weight of 36.9±3.0kg were assigned to treatments in 2×3 factorial arrangement of dietary treatments plus 1 [two levels of CP, 18% and 15.5%, and three levels of SO, 1.5%, 3.0%, and 4.5% with all pigs kept at room temperature of 32°C, and an additional treatment (control) with 18% CP and 1.5% SO with pigs kept at 22°C], in a randomized block design with the block being the initial weight. In animals maintained in the high-temperature environment, there was no interaction between CP and SO levels in any of the variables evaluated. The addition of SO improved (P
- Published
- 2012
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30. Equações de predição de valores energéticos de alimentos obtidas utilizando meta-análise e componentes principais
- Author
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Renata Ribeiro Alvarenga, Renato Ribeiro de Lima, Germano Augusto Jerônimo do Nascimento, Flávia Cristina Martins Queiroz Mariano, and Paulo Borges Rodrigues
- Subjects
energia metabolizável ,validação de equações ,Homogeneous ,Principal component analysis ,Statistics ,composição química ,Mineralogy ,Mathematics - Abstract
Neste estudo, foi proposta a utilização da análise de componentes principais, na formação de grupos homogêneos de artigos científicos, a serem considerados em uma meta-análise. Nessa meta-análise, foram utilizados resultados referentes à composição química e energia metabolizável aparente corrigida pelo balanço de nitrogênio (EMAn) de alimentos para aves, na obtenção de equações de predição da EMAn. Foram considerados 293 experimentos com resultados já publicados. Dados provenientes de ensaios metabólicos foram utilizados na validação das equações de predição obtidas, sendo que estas apresentaram resultados semelhantes às disponíveis na literatura. No procedimento de meta-análise, a formação de grupos homogêneos de resultados experimentais, que é uma das maiores dificuldades, foi facilitada com a utilização de componentes principais, uma vez que não houve a necessidade de determinar variáveis ou fatores a serem considerados nessa classificação. Assim, tem-se uma forma rápida e eficiente de definir tais grupos.
- Published
- 2012
31. Energetic and nutrient metabolizability values of corn obtained with nutritional corrections for broilers
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Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimo, Antônio Gilberto Bertechini, Verônica Maria Pereira Bernardino, Renata Ribeiro Alvarenga, Letícia Makiyama, Evelyn Cristina de Oliveira, Paulo Borges Rodrigues, and Antonio Amandio Pinto Garcia Junior
- Subjects
Methionine ,Phosphorus ,Sodium ,Cystine ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Biology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Nutrient ,Animal science ,metabolizable energy ,chemistry ,replacement methodology ,Botany ,total collection ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Dry matter ,lcsh:Animal culture ,Amen ,metabolism ,Completely randomized design ,lcsh:SF1-1100 - Abstract
The experiment was carried out to evaluate the influence of nutritional correction on the partial diet replacement or pure-food methodology to determine the energy values (apparent metabolizable energy - AME and nitrogen-correct apparent metabolizable energy - AMEn) and coefficient of metabolizability of nutrients of maize. The method of total excreta collection was used, with 120 female Cobb 500® broilers weighing 1,339±3 g and at 28 days of age distributed in a completely randomized design with five replicates and four birds per experimental unit. The treatments were pure maize with three levels of nutritional correction (0, 50 and 100%) and a maize-replaced basal diet (400 g/kg) with two levels of correction (0 and 100%). The corrections were made in order to meet the nutritional requirements of calcium, available phosphorus and sodium yonder trace minerals, vitamins, choline, lysine, methionine + cystine, threonine and tryptophan. The AME and AMEn of maize and coefficient of metabolizability of dry matter were higher when correction at 100% was made, regardless of the methodology used (pure feed or replaced basal diet). The correction at 50% of nutrients increased the coefficient of metabolizability of crude protein in pure maize when compared with 0 or 100% of correction. The values determined with pure maize were lower than those determined with the method of partial replacement. The absence of nutritional correction underestimates the energy values and metabolizability of nutrients from maize.
- Published
- 2012
32. Amino acid reduction in broiler diets supplemented with phytase and elaborated according to different nutritional plans Redução de aminoácidos em rações para frangos de corte suplementadas com fitase e elaboradas de acordo com diferentes planos nutricionais
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Jeferson Eder Ferreira Oliveira, Paulo Borges Rodrigues, Renata Ribeiro Alvarenga, Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimo, and Gustavo Freire Resende Lima
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nutrition ,ideal protein ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,desempenho ,Carcass characteristics ,lcsh:S1-972 ,Características de carcaça ,proteína ideal ,performance ,nutrição - Abstract
The need for suitable diets in chickens, considering the ideal protein concept associated with phytase, is important in order to improve the productivity of birds. The aim of this study was to assess the need for the correction of amino acid levels in the diets of broilers, by using different combinations of crude protein (CP) supplemented with phytase. For performance, eight days old Cobb 875 broiler chicks, with initial body weights of 155 ± 1.4g were used. The birds were distributed in a completely randomised design with seven treatments (nutritional plans) and five replicates of 25 birds. For the metabolism trial, 300 birds were selected which were also distributed using the same design, but with five, four and three birds per experimental stage: 8-21 days, 22-35 days and 36- 42 days. The nutritional plans consisted of different combinations of CP in diets with reduced calcium and phosphorus, supplemented with phytase and amino acids. The reduction of amino acids in diets with reduced levels of CP resulted in an increased intake, feed conversion and abdominal fat level, and decreased the yield of thigh + drumstick. The inclusion of phytase reduced the excretion of calcium and phosphorus, but increased nitrogen excretion when the CP was not reduced. As a result, this study concluded that the reduction of amino acids to 3.5%, supplemented with phytase and prepared according to a nutritional plan does not improve the performance and carcass characteristics of broilers, although it may reduce the emission of polluting elements by excreta.A necessidade de dietas adequadas para frangos, considerando o conceito de proteína ideal associada à fitase, é importante para melhorar a produtividade das aves. Objetivou-se avaliar a necessidade de correção dos níveis de aminoácidos em rações para frangos de corte, formuladas em diferentes combinações de proteína bruta (PB) e suplementadas com fitase. Para o desempenho, foram utilizados 875 pintos de corte Cobb, com oito dias de idade e peso inicial de 155±1,4g. As aves foram distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com sete tratamentos (planos nutricionais) e cinco repetições de 25 aves cada. Para o ensaio de metabolismo, foram selecionadas 300 aves que foram também distribuídas no mesmo delineamento, porém com cinco, quatro e três aves por parcela experimental nas fases de 8 a 21, 22 a 35 e 36 a 42 dias. Os planos nutricionais consistiram em diferentes combinações de PB em rações com cálcio e fósforo reduzidos, suplementadas com fitase e aminoácidos. A redução de aminoácidos em dietas com teores reduzidos de PB aumentou o consumo, a conversão alimentar e a gordura abdominal e diminuiu o rendimento de coxa + sobrecoxa. A inclusão de fitase reduziu a excreção de cálcio e de fósforo, porém aumentou a de nitrogênio quando a PB não foi reduzida. Conclui-se que a redução de aminoácidos em 3,5% em rações para frangos de corte suplementadas com fitase e elaboradas segundo um plano nutricional não melhora o desempenho e as características de carcaça das aves, embora possa reduzir a emissão de elementos poluentes pelas excretas.
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- 2012
33. Redução de proteína e fósforo em dietas com fitase para frangos de corte dos 22 aos 42 dias de idade
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Elias Tadeu Fialho, Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimo, Renata Ribeiro Alvarenga, Paulo Borges Rodrigues, Y. L. Silva, and R. T. F. de Freitas
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Litter (animal) ,avian production ,Potassium ,ideal protein ,Randomized block design ,chemistry.chemical_element ,contaminação do ambiente ,Excretion ,Animal science ,Abdominal fat ,Carcass composition ,lcsh:SF1-1100 ,frango de corte ,General Veterinary ,Chemistry ,Phosphorus ,contamination of environment ,desempenho ,Biochemistry ,carcaça ,Phytase ,lcsh:Animal culture ,proteína ideal ,performance ,carcass - Abstract
Avaliou-se o efeito da inclusão de fitase em dietas com proteína bruta (PB) e fósforo disponível (Pd) reduzidos sobre o desempenho, rendimento de carcaça e cortes e quantidade de poluentes na cama de frangos dos 22 aos 42 dias de idade. Foram utilizados 1200 pintos aos 21 dias, média de peso inicial de 646±8g, distribuídos em blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 3x3+1 (três porcentagens de Pd - 0,2, 0,3 e 0,4% - e três de PB - 14, 16 e 18% - e um tratamento adicional, padrão) em seis repetições de 20 aves cada. A fitase (500FTU/kg) foi adicionada nas dietas com fósforo reduzido (0,2 e 0,3%). Aos 42 dias as aves foram abatidas e amostras das camas foram encaminhadas para análise. Em dietas com reduzido teor de PB, melhor desempenho e rendimento de carcaça e menor quantidade de fósforo, cálcio, potássio e zinco nas camas foram obtidos com 0,3% Pd+fitase. Menor quantidade de nitrogênio e potássio, porém com maior deposição de gordura abdominal e maior excreção de cobre, foram obtido com 14% de PB. Comparadas ao controle, dietas com 14% de PB e 0,3% de Pd reduziram a excreção de fósforo em 34%. Conclui-se que dietas com 14% de PB e 0,3% de Pd, suplementadas com fitase e aminoácidos cristalinos, podem ser utilizadas para frangos de corte dos 22 aos 42 dias. The effect of the inclusion of phytase in reduced crude protein (CP) and available phosphorus (aP) diets on performance, carcass and cut yields and the amount of pollutant elements in the litter of broilers from 22 to 42 days of age was evaluated. One thousand and two hundred male broilers at 21 days of age, initial weight of 646±8g, were distributed in randomized block design in factorial scheme 3x3+1 (three levels of aP - 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4% - and three of CP - 14, 16 and 18% - and an additional treatment, standard) in six repetitions of 20 birds each. Phytase (500 FTU/kg) was added in reduced phosphorus (0.2 and 0.3%) diets. At 42 days of age, the birds were sacrificed and samples of the litters were sent to the laboratory for analysis. In reduced-CP diets, the best performance and carcass yield and lesser quantity of phosphorus, calcium, potassium and zinc in the litter was obtained with 0.3% aP + phytase diets. The minor quantity of nitrogen and potassium in the litter, with higher abdominal fat deposition and excretion of cupper were obtained with 14% CP diets. Compared to control, diets with 14% CP and 0.3% aP reduced the excretion of phosphorus in 34%. It was concluded that diets with 14% CP and 0.3% aP, supplemented with phytase and crystalline amino acids, can be used in broilers from 22 to 42 days old.
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- 2012
34. ADIÇÃO DE FITASE EM RAÇÕES COM DIFERENTES NÍVEIS DE ENERGIA METABOLIZÁVEL, PROTEÍNA BRUTA E FÓSFORO DISPONÍVEL PARA FRANGOS DE CORTE DE 1 A 21 DIAS
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Paulo Borges Rodrigues, Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimo, Renato Hespanhol, Adriano Kaneo Nagata, Renata Ribeiro Alvarenga, and Luis Eduardo Avelar Pucci
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additive ,General Veterinary ,Chemistry ,Phosphorus ,Broiler ,ideal protein ,lcsh:S ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Feed conversion ratio ,Excretion ,lcsh:Agriculture ,enzyme ,Animal science ,Biochemistry ,medicine ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Phytase ,lcsh:Animal culture ,medicine.symptom ,Weight gain ,Completely randomized design ,Feces ,excrement quality ,nutrition ,lcsh:SF1-1100 - Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance and the pollutant excretion of broilers from 1 to 21 days of age fed diets with different levels of metabolizable energy (MEn), crude protein (CP) and available phosphorus (aP), supplemented with amino acids and phytase. To evaluate the performance, 1,350 Cobb broilers at one day of age (weight of 45.5 ± 0.9g) were distributed in a completely randomized design in a 4x2+1 factorial arrangement (four levels of MEn – 2,850; 2,950; 3,050 and 3,150 kcal/kg – and two of CP and aP – 17 with 0.34% and 19 with 0.25%, respectively, all with phytase, and an additional treatment – control, without phytase, with 21% PB, 3,000 kcal/kg MEn and 0.46% aP), in six replications with 25 birds. To evaluate the excretion of pollutants, 270 broilers at 14 days of age were allotted in metabolic cages in groups of five during seven days, using the same statistical design. Although the use of phytase reduced phosphorus and copper excretion, it decreased weight gain and increased feed conversion ratio in all studied nutritional plans. In phytase-diets, the energetic levels linearly reduced feed intake and improved feed conversion ratio and calcium and potassium excretion. Energy reduced the nitrogen, phosphorus and zinc excretion only in 17% CP and 0.34% aP diets. Crude protein reduction in phytase-diets improved feed conversion ratio and reduced nitrogen and potassium excretion. It was concluded that phytase decreases broiler performance until the third week of age when combined with reduced levels of CP and aP in diets. KEYWORDS: additive; enzyme; excrement quality; ideal protein; nutrition.
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- 2011
35. Níveis de fósforo disponível e cálcio em rações suplementadas com fitase para frangos de corte nas fases de crescimento e final Calcium and available phosphorus levels in diets supplemented with phytase for broilers in the growing and finishing phases
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Luziane Moreira dos Santos, Paulo Borges Rodrigues, Renata Ribeiro Alvarenga, Luciana de Paula Naves, Renato Hespanhol, Gustavo Freire Resende Lima, Maria Cecília Coelho Lara, and Leonardo Rafael da Silva
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enzyme ,nutritional requirements ,enzima ,exigência nutricional ,metabolismo ,lcsh:Animal culture ,cinzas ósseas ,desempenho ,metabolism ,performance ,bone ash ,lcsh:SF1-1100 - Abstract
Avaliaram-se os níveis de cálcio e fósforo disponível (Pdisp) em rações com fitase para frangos de corte da linhagem Cobb nas fases de crescimento (22 a 35 dias) e final (36 a 42 dias). Utilizou-se um esquema fatorial 3 × 4 + 1, composto de três níveis de Pdisp (0,36; 0,31; 0,26% na fase de crescimento e 0,33; 0,28; 0,23% na final), quatro níveis de cálcio (0,82; 0,72; 0,62; 0,52% para a fase de crescimento e 0,76; 0,66; 0,56; 0,46% para a final) e um nível de suplementação da fitase (500 ftu/kg). As rações controle não foram suplementadas com fitase e continham, respectivamente, os seguintes níveis de Pdisp e cálcio: 0,41 e 0,82% (fase de crescimento) e 0,38 e 0,76% (final). Nos ensaios de desempenho, aos 35 e 42 dias de idade, avaliaram-se o consumo de ração, o ganho de peso, a conversão alimentar e o teor de cinzas na tíbia. Nos ensaios de metabolismo, foram determinados os valores energéticos das rações (EMAn) e os coeficientes de metabolizabilidade da matéria seca (CMMS). Na fase de crescimento, a redução do cálcio e Pdisp para 0,52 e 0,26%, respectivamente, não comprometeu o desempenho, a mineralização óssea, a EMAn e o CMMS. Na fase final, a redução do cálcio e fósforo disponível para 0,56 e 0,28%, respectivamente, não comprometeu o desempenho, a EMAn e o CMMS e melhorou a mineralização óssea. Os níveis de cálcio e fósforo disponível em rações para frangos de corte podem ser reduzidos para 0,52 e 0,26% na fase de crescimento e 0,56 e 0,28% na fase final desde que essa redução seja combinada com a suplementação de fitase no nível de 500 ftu/kg de ração.Calcium and available phosphorus (aP) levels in diets with phytase for Cobb broilers in the growing (22 to 35 days) and finishing phases (36 to 42 days of age) were evaluated. A 3 × 4 + 1 factorial scheme, with three aP levels (0.36, 0.31, 0.26% in the growing phase and 0.33, 0.28, 0.23% in the finishing phase), four calcium levels (0.82, 0.72, 0.62, 0.52% in the growing phase and 0.76, 0.66, 0.56, 0.46% in the finishing phase), and one level of supplementation of phytase (500 ftu/kg) was used. Control diets were not supplemented with phytase and they contained, respectively, the following levels of aP and calcium: 0.41 and 0.82% (growing phase) and 0.38 and 0.76 (finishing phase). In the performance assays, at 35 and 42 days of age, feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion and the ash content in the tibia were evaluated. In the metabolic assays, the energy values of diets (AMEn) and dry matter digestibility coefficients (DMDC) were determined. In the growing phase, the reduction of the calcium and aP to 0.52 and 0.26%, respectively, did not compromise performance, bone ash, AMEn or MCDM. In the finishing phase, the reduction of the calcium and aP to 0.56 and 0.28%, respectively, did not compromise performance, AMEn or MCDM; in addition to improving bone ash. The levels of calcium and aP of diet can be reduced to 0.52 and 0.26% in the growing phase, and to 0.56 and 0.28% in the finishing phase, provided that this reduction is combined with supplementation of fitase at 500 ftu/kg of the diet.
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- 2011
36. Lipoprotein metabolism in poultry
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Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimo, Paulo Borges Rodrigues, Renata Ribeiro Alvarenga, Luciano José Pereira, and Elisangela Minati Gomide
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food.ingredient ,Broiler ,Lipid metabolism ,Metabolism ,Biology ,food ,Biochemistry ,Yolk ,Lipogenesis ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Animal nutrition ,Food quality ,Hormone - Abstract
Understanding the metabolism of lipoproteins in birds is important to enable nutritionists to design diets aimed at obtaining better meat characteristics and egg quality, and can furnish useful information for future studies. In comparison to mammals, there are a number of expressive differences in the metabolism of lipids in birds, such as the transport of dietary lipids to the liver, hepatic lipogenesis and the presence of unique lipoproteins in the blood (portomicrons). Greater differences are found in egg-laying hens during the production phase, in which lipoproteins produced in the liver, under the action of oestrogen, are used for the formation of the egg yolk. The regulation of the lipid metabolism by hormones and the participation of key enzymes associated to advances in molecular biology techniques could assist in the genetic selection of more productive birds and better quality products for consumers.
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- 2011
37. Energetic values of feedstuffs for broilers determined with in vivo assays and prediction equations
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Renata Ribeiro Alvarenga, Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimo, R. T. F. Freitas, Antônio Gilberto Bertechini, Édison José Fassani, Renato Ribeiro de Lima, and Paulo Borges Rodrigues
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Meta-analysis ,Ingredient ,Animal science ,Chemistry ,Organic chemistry ,Dry matter ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Amen ,Poultry ,Metabolizable energy content - Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to test the suitability of a set of prediction equations to predict the nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) of protein and energetic ingredient concentrates used by the poultry feed industry. Nine protein concentrates and nine energetic concentrates were evaluated in six replicates each via substitution for 300 and 400 g/kg of the basal diet, respectively. These values were compared to the AMEn estimated via equations that utilized data on the chemistry composition of the feedstuffs. All the equations were efficient in estimating the AMEn values of the tested feedstuffs. We concluded that the prediction equations studied can be utilized to estimate the AMEn of protein and energetic concentrate ingredients used by the poultry feed industry. The equation AMEn = 4101.33 + 5.628EE−23.297ASH−2.486aNDFom + 1.042ADFom ( R 2 = 0.84; RSD = 0.4137; P-value n = 574) was most applicable in the prediction of energetic values of evaluated feedstuffs.
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- 2011
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38. Energy and protein levels in diets containing phytase for broilers from 22 to 42 days of age: performance and nutrient excretion
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Renata Ribeiro Alvarenga, Adriano Kaneo Nagata, Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimo, Gustavo Freire Resende Lima, Paulo Borges Rodrigues, and Kênia Ferreira Rodrigues
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Potassium ,Phosphorus ,ideal protein ,chemistry.chemical_element ,addictive ,Biology ,Calcium ,Feed conversion ratio ,available phosphorus ,Excretion ,enzyme ,metabolizable energy ,pollutants ,chemistry ,medicine ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Phytase ,lcsh:Animal culture ,Food science ,medicine.symptom ,Weight gain ,Completely randomized design ,lcsh:SF1-1100 - Abstract
This study was conducted in order to evaluate the influence of different levels of metabolizable energy and crude protein in diets formulated according to the ideal protein concept with phytase supplementation on performance and nutrient excretion of broilers from 22 to 42 days age. It was used 1,500 Coob lineage broilers at 22 days of age and with initial weight of 833 ± 7g, distributed in completely randomized design in a 3 × 3 + 1 factorial scheme composed of three levels of correct apparent metabolizable energy (2,950; 3,100 and 3,250 kcal/kg), three levels of crude protein (14, 16 and 18%) and a control treatment, totaling ten treatments with six repetitions of 25 birds each. All diets, with the exception of the control, were supplemented with phytase. For determination of excretion of pollutants, it was used 180 broilers from the same lineage at 35 days of age,placed in metabolic cages, with ten treatments each one with six repetitions and three birds per experimental unit. The protein and energy levels in diets containing phytase influenced feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion and excretion of nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, potassium, copper and zinc by the birds. The corrected apparent metabolizable energy level in the diets for broilers in the studied period must be increased up to 3,250 kcal/kg of metabolizable energy and the levels of crude protein, calcium and phosphorus must be reduced down to 18, 0.70 and 0.31%, respectively, provided that supplemented with amino acids and phytase to improve the performance and to reduce excretion of pollutants by birds.
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- 2011
39. Carcass characteristics of broilers at 42 days receiving diets with phytase in different energy and crude protein levels Características de carcaça de frangos aos 42 dias recebendo rações com fitase em diferentes níveis energéticos e de proteína bruta
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Adriano Kaneo Nagata, Paulo Borges Rodrigues, Renata Ribeiro Alvarenga, Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimo, Daniella Carolina Zanardo Donato, and José Humberto Vilar da Silva
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enzyme ,Available phosphorus ,dietary addictive ,Fósforo disponível ,ideal protein ,aditivo ,enzimas ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,lcsh:S1-972 ,proteína ideal - Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate carcass characteristics and quality of breast meat after the inclusion of phytase in broiler diets with different levels of apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) corrected for nitrogen and reduced crude protein (CP) supplemented with essential amino acids following the concept of ideal protein. A total of 1,500 Cobb broilers from 22 to 42 days (initial weight of 833 ± 7 g and final weight of 2741 ± 48 g) were distributed in completely randomized design in a factorial 3x3+1 experiment (three levels of AMEn - 2,950; 3,100 and 3,250 kcal/kg - and three levels of CP - 14, 16 and 18% - and an additional treatment - control without phytase, with 3,100 kcal/kg EMAn, 19.2% PB and 0.4% available phosphorus), in six replications of 25 birds each. At the end of the trial, two birds of each experimental unit were slaughtered in order to measure carcass yield and yields of parts and to determine the chemical composition of the breast meat. The levels of AMEn and CP of diets with phytase influenced (PObjetivou-se, com este trabalho, estudar as características de carcaça e qualidade da carne do peito depois da inclusão de fitase em dietas para frangos de corte, com diferentes níveis de energia metabolizável aparente corrigida para nitrogênio (EMAn) e proteína bruta (PB) reduzida, suplementadas com aminoácidos essenciais seguindo o conceito de proteína ideal. Foram utilizados 1.500 frangos machos Cobb dos 22 aos 42 dias de idade com peso inicial de 833 ± 7 g e final de 2741 ± 48 g distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3x3+1 (três níveis de EMAn - 2950, 3100 e 3250 kcal/kg - e três de PB - 14, 16 e 18% - e um tratamento adicional - controle, sem fitase, com 3100 kcal/kg EMAn, 19,2% de PB e 0,4% de fósforo disponível) em seis repetições com 25 aves cada. Ao final do experimento, duas aves de cada parcela foram sacrificadas para a mensuração do rendimento de carcaça e de cortes e determinação da composição química da carne do peito. Os níveis de energia e proteína em rações com fitase influenciaram (P
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- 2011
40. Nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus balance of broilers fed diets with phytase and crystalline amino acids Balanço de nitrogênio, cálcio e fósforo em frangos de corte recebendo dietas com fitase e aminoácidos cristalinos
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Elisangela Minati Gomide, Paulo Borges Rodrigues, Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimo, Antônio Gilberto Bertechini, Luziane Moreira dos Santos, and Renata Ribeiro Alvarenga
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Enzyme ,phytate ,fitato ,Enzima ,metabolismo ,meio ambiente ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,environment ,metabolism ,lcsh:S1-972 - Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of reduced-crude protein (CP) and available phosphorus (aP) diets, added with phytase and amino acids for broilers in the growing (14 to 21 days old) and retirement (35 to 42 days) phases on nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus balance. Ninety Cobb broilers were distributed in a completely randomized design with three treatments and six replications with five and three birds per experimental unit in the growing and retirement phases, respectively. Diets were elaborated to contain reduced CP and aP levels (19 and 17% CP in the growing phase, with 0.34% aP; and 18 and 16% CP in the retirement phase, with 0.30% aP), supplemented with crystalline amino acids and 500 FTU of phytase/kg diet. These were compared to a control diet (21% CP and 0.46% aP for growing phase and 19% CP and 0.40% aP for retirement phase). The reduction of CP in four percentual units reduced the N excretion and increased the retention of this element, showing that the phytase had no influence on N balance when used the crystalline amino acids in the diets. The phytase reduced the P excretion and increased the retention ones. The potassium excretion decreased in reduced-CP diets, but this excessive reduction decreased the retention of this element, except in the retirement phase. It was concluded that the reduced-CP and aP diets, supplemented with phytase and amino acids, are efficient in reducing the pollutant power of the broilers excrements in the growing and retirement phases of production.Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar o efeito de rações com reduzidos teores de proteína bruta (PB) e fósforo disponível (Pd), suplementadas com fitase e aminoácidos, para frangos de corte na fase de crescimento (14 a 21 dias) e terminação (35 a 42 dias de idade) sobre o balanço de nitrogênio, potássio e fósforo. Foram utilizados 90 pintos Cobb, distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com três tratamentos e seis repetições, com cinco e três aves por unidade experimental nas fases inicial e de crescimento, respectivamente. As rações foram formuladas para conterem níveis reduzidos de PB e Pd (19 e 17% de PB na fase de crescimento, com 0,34% de Pd e 18 e 16% de PB na fase de terminação, com 0,30% de Pd) e suplementadas com aminoácidos e 500 FTU de fitase/kg de ração Essas rações foram, então, que foram comparadas a uma ração controle (21% de PB e 0,46% de Pd para fase de crescimento e 19% de PB e 0,40% de Pd para fase de terminação). A redução da PB em quatro unidades percentuais reduziu a excreção, e aumentou a retenção de nitrogênio, mostrando que a fitase não interferiu no balanço de nitrogênio ao serem incluídos aminoácidos cristalinos nas rações. A excreção de potássio diminuiu em dietas com PB reduzida, mas esta redução em excesso diminuiu a retenção deste elemento, exceto na fase de retirada. Conclui-se que rações contendo níveis reduzidos de PB, cálcio e fósforo, suplementadas com fitase e aminoácidos, são eficientes em diminuir o poder poluente das excretas de frangos de corte.
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- 2011
41. Nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus balance of broilers fed diets with phytase and crystalline amino acids
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Luziane Moreira dos Santos, Antônio Gilberto Bertechini, Paulo Borges Rodrigues, Elisangela Minati Gomide, Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimo, and Renata Ribeiro Alvarenga
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General Veterinary ,Phosphorus ,Soil Science ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Calcium ,Animal science ,chemistry ,Enzyme ,phytate ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Phytase ,environment ,metabolism ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Food Science - Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of reduced-crude protein (CP) and available phosphorus (aP) diets, added with phytase and amino acids for broilers in the growing (14 to 21 days old) and retirement (35 to 42 days) phases on nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus balance. Ninety Cobb broilers were distributed in a completely randomized design with three treatments and six replications with five and three birds per experimental unit in the growing and retirement phases, respectively. Diets were elaborated to contain reduced CP and aP levels (19 and 17% CP in the growing phase, with 0.34% aP; and 18 and 16% CP in the retirement phase, with 0.30% aP), supplemented with crystalline amino acids and 500 FTU of phytase/kg diet. These were compared to a control diet (21% CP and 0.46% aP for growing phase and 19% CP and 0.40% aP for retirement phase). The reduction of CP in four percentual units reduced the N excretion and increased the retention of this element, showing that the phytase had no influence on N balance when used the crystalline amino acids in the diets. The phytase reduced the P excretion and increased the retention ones. The potassium excretion decreased in reduced-CP diets, but this excessive reduction decreased the retention of this element, except in the retirement phase. It was concluded that the reduced-CP and aP diets, supplemented with phytase and amino acids, are efficient in reducing the pollutant power of the broilers excrements in the growing and retirement phases of production.
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- 2011
42. Energy values and chemical composition of spirulina (Spirulina platensis) evaluated with broilers Valores energéticos e composição química da espirulina (Spirulina platensis) avaliada com frangos de corte
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Renata Ribeiro Alvarenga, Paulo Borges Rodrigues, Vinícius de Souza Cantarelli, Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimo, José Walter da Silva Júnior, Leonardo Rafael da Silva, Luziane Moreira dos Santos, and Luciano José Pereira
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nutritional value ,total collection ,lcsh:Animal culture ,alimento não-convencional ,coleta total ,valor nutricional ,non-conventional food ,lcsh:SF1-1100 - Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the chemical and energy composition of spirulina (Spirulina platensis), the nutrient metabolizability coefficients, and the values of apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and the apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn) in broilers. A digestibility trial was carried out by using total excreta collection method, with 90 Cobb 500 lineage chicks, with initial weight of 256 ± 5 g at 11 days of age. Birds were allotted in metabolic cages for 10 days, distributed in a completely randomized design, with three treatments and six repetitions with five birds each. Diets consisted on a reference-ration based on corn and soybean meal and two test diets, one containing spirulina (30%) and the other one with soybean meal (30%). Spiruline was superior to soybean meal for contents of dry matter (DM), gross energy (9.60%), crude protein (26.56%), ether extract (54.45%), mineral matter (42.77%), calcium (100%) and total phosphorus (130.77%) and also for most amino acids, except lysine, glutamate, histidine and proline. Nevertheless, spiruline presented lower values of gross fiber (83.95%), acid detergent fiber (85.12%) and neutral detergent fiber (6.15). The AME and AMEn values (kcal/kg of DM) were, respectively, 2,906 and 2,502 for the spirulina and 2,646 and 2,340 for the soybean meal and AMEn of spirulina was 6.92% higher than soybean meal.Objetivou-se determinar a composição química e energética da espirulina (Spirulina platensis), os coeficientes de metabolizabilidade dos nutrientes e os valores de energia metabolizável aparente (EMA) e aparente corrigida pelo balanço de nitrogênio (EMAn) em frangos de corte. Realizou-se um ensaio de digestibilidade utilizando-se a metodologia de coleta total de excretas com 90 pintos machos da linhagem Cobb 500, com peso inicial de 256 ± 5 g aos 11 dias de idade. As aves foram alojadas em gaiolas de metabolismo durante dez dias, distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três tratamentos e seis repetições, cada uma com cinco aves. As dietas consistiram de uma ração-referência formulada à base de milho e farelo de soja e duas rações-teste, uma contendo espirulina (30%) e outra com farelo de soja (30%). A espirulina foi superior ao farelo de soja quanto aos conteúdos de matéria seca, energia bruta (9,60%), proteína bruta (26,56%), extrato etéreo (54,45%), matéria mineral (42,77%), cálcio (100%) e fósforo total (130,77%) e também para a maioria dos aminoácidos, exceto lisina, glutamato, histidina e prolina. No entanto, apresentou menores valores de fibra bruta (83,95%), fibra em detergente ácido (85,12%) e fibra em detergente neutro (6,15%). Os valores de EMA e EMAn (kcal/kg de MS) foram, respectivamente, 2.906 e 2.502 para a espirulina e 2.646 e 2.340 para o farelo de soja, e a EMAn da espirulina foi 6,92% superior à do farelo de soja.
- Published
- 2011
43. Valores energéticos e composição química da espirulina (Spirulina platensis) avaliada com frangos de corte
- Author
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Paulo Borges Rodrigues, Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimo, Luziane Moreira dos Santos, Luciano José Pereira, Renata Ribeiro Alvarenga, Leonardo Rafael da Silva, Vinícius de Souza Cantarelli, and José Walter da Silva Júnior
- Subjects
nutritional value ,Spirulina (genus) ,Nitrogen balance ,biology ,Chemistry ,Soybean meal ,biology.organism_classification ,alimento não-convencional ,valor nutricional ,Neutral Detergent Fiber ,Animal science ,total collection ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Composition (visual arts) ,Dry matter ,Amen ,non-conventional food ,coleta total ,Completely randomized design - Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the chemical and energy composition of spirulina (Spirulina platensis), the nutrient metabolizability coefficients, and the values of apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and the apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn) in broilers. A digestibility trial was carried out by using total excreta collection method, with 90 Cobb 500 lineage chicks, with initial weight of 256 ± 5 g at 11 days of age. Birds were allotted in metabolic cages for 10 days, distributed in a completely randomized design, with three treatments and six repetitions with five birds each. Diets consisted on a reference-ration based on corn and soybean meal and two test diets, one containing spirulina (30%) and the other one with soybean meal (30%). Spiruline was superior to soybean meal for contents of dry matter (DM), gross energy (9.60%), crude protein (26.56%), ether extract (54.45%), mineral matter (42.77%), calcium (100%) and total phosphorus (130.77%) and also for most amino acids, except lysine, glutamate, histidine and proline. Nevertheless, spiruline presented lower values of gross fiber (83.95%), acid detergent fiber (85.12%) and neutral detergent fiber (6.15). The AME and AMEn values (kcal/kg of DM) were, respectively, 2,906 and 2,502 for the spirulina and 2,646 and 2,340 for the soybean meal and AMEn of spirulina was 6.92% higher than soybean meal. Objetivou-se determinar a composição química e energética da espirulina (Spirulina platensis), os coeficientes de metabolizabilidade dos nutrientes e os valores de energia metabolizável aparente (EMA) e aparente corrigida pelo balanço de nitrogênio (EMAn) em frangos de corte. Realizou-se um ensaio de digestibilidade utilizando-se a metodologia de coleta total de excretas com 90 pintos machos da linhagem Cobb 500, com peso inicial de 256 ± 5 g aos 11 dias de idade. As aves foram alojadas em gaiolas de metabolismo durante dez dias, distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três tratamentos e seis repetições, cada uma com cinco aves. As dietas consistiram de uma ração-referência formulada à base de milho e farelo de soja e duas rações-teste, uma contendo espirulina (30%) e outra com farelo de soja (30%). A espirulina foi superior ao farelo de soja quanto aos conteúdos de matéria seca, energia bruta (9,60%), proteína bruta (26,56%), extrato etéreo (54,45%), matéria mineral (42,77%), cálcio (100%) e fósforo total (130,77%) e também para a maioria dos aminoácidos, exceto lisina, glutamato, histidina e prolina. No entanto, apresentou menores valores de fibra bruta (83,95%), fibra em detergente ácido (85,12%) e fibra em detergente neutro (6,15%). Os valores de EMA e EMAn (kcal/kg de MS) foram, respectivamente, 2.906 e 2.502 para a espirulina e 2.646 e 2.340 para o farelo de soja, e a EMAn da espirulina foi 6,92% superior à do farelo de soja.
- Published
- 2011
44. Efeito do processamento, suplementação enzimática e nível nutricional da ração para frangos de corte no período de 22 a 42 dias de idade Effect of processing, enzymatic supplementation and nutritional levels of the diet for broilers in the period from the 22nd to the 42nd day of age
- Author
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Luiz Eduardo Avelar Pucci, Paulo Borges Rodrigues, Rilke Tadeu Fonseca de Freitas, Elias Tadeu Fialho, Germano Augusto Jerônimo do Nascimento, and Renata Ribeiro Alvarenga
- Subjects
Digestibility ,pelleting ,peletização ,Complexo enzimático ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,desempenho ,digestibilidade ,lcsh:S1-972 ,enzimatic complex ,performance - Abstract
Objetivando-se avaliar a forma física da ração, o uso de enzimas e níveis nutricionais em dietas à base de milho e farelo de soja, foram conduzidos dois experimentos utilizando um total de 1.344 frangos de corte machos de 22 a 42 dias de idade, distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 x 2, sendo duas formas físicas de ração (farelada ou triturada); com ou sem complexo enzimático (amilase, celulase e protease) e dois níveis nutricionais, 95 ou 100% das recomendações de Rostagno et al. (2005). No experimento 1, 1200 aves foram distribuídas nos oito tratamentos com cinco repetições de 30 aves cada para avaliação de consumo de ração (CR), ganho de peso (GP), conversão alimentar (CA) e características de carcaça. Simultaneamente, foi realizado o experimento 2 (ensaio de metabolismo), em que 144 aves foram distribuídas em gaiolas metálicas, recebendo os oito tratamentos experimentais com seis repetições de três aves cada. Aos 38 dias de idade iniciou-se a coleta total de excretas, realizada uma vez ao dia, por três dias consecutivos para determinação da energia metabolizável aparente corrigida (EMAn) e dos coeficientes de metabolizabilidade da matéria seca (CMMS) e proteína bruta (CMPB) das rações experimentais. De uma maneira geral, pelos resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que a suplementação enzimática não resulta em melhora no desempenho das aves e na digestibilidade dos nutrientes das rações, independentemente da forma física, devendo estas serem formuladas com 100% das recomendações nutricionais.In order to evaluate the physical form of diet and the use of enzymes and nutritional levels in diets based on corn and soybean meal, two experiments were carried out using a total of 1344 male broilers from 22 to 42 days of age, distributed in a randomized design in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial scheme with two physical forms of diet (meal or crushed), with and without enzymatic complex (amylase, cellulase and protease) and two nutritional levels (95 or 100% of the recommendations). In experiment 1, 1200 birds were distributed to the eight treatments with five replicates of 30 chickens each, to evaluate the feed intake (FI), weight gain (WG) and feed conversion (FC) and carcass traits of birds. Simultaneously, in the experiment 2 (assay metabolism), 144 birds were distributed in metal cages and received the eight experimental treatments in six replicates of three birds each. At 38 days of age the total excreta collection were started, and the collect for three consecutive days to determine the apparent metabolizable energy corrected (AMEn) and the metabolizability coefficients of dry matter (MCDM) and crude protein (MCCP) of experimental diets. In general, the results can conclude that enzyme supplementation results in no improvement in bird performance and nutrient digestibility of diets, regardless of physical form, which should be made with 100% nutritional recommendations.
- Published
- 2010
45. Efeito de níveis de lisina digestível verdadeira e proteína bruta na dieta sobre parâmetros morfo-fisiológicos e utilização do nitrogênio em suínos na fase inicial Effect of levels of digestible lysine and crude protein in diets on the organs weight, physiologic parameters, jejune morfometry and nitrogen utilization of the diets for piglets
- Author
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Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimo, Elias Tadeu Fialho, Luis David Solis Murgas, José Augusto de Freitas Lima, Érika Viviane Heidenheich da Rocha, and Renata Ribeiro Alvarenga
- Subjects
amino acids ,nutrition ,aminoácidos ,physiology ,ideal protein ,fisiologia ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,lcsh:S1-972 ,proteína ideal ,nutrição - Abstract
Foi conduzido um experimento no Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal de Lavras para verificar a influência de diferentes níveis de proteína bruta (PB) e lisina digestível verdadeira (LISD) na dieta sobre peso de órgãos, parâmetros fisiológicos e utilização do nitrogênio (N) de rações por leitões na fase inicial. Foram utilizados 80 suínos machos castrados e fêmeas (peso inicial = 9,1 ± 1,2 kg e final = 21,5 ± 4,8 kg), mestiços (Landrace x Large White), desmamados aos 28 dias, alojados em grupos de dois na creche em um delineamento em blocos casualizados (DBC) no tempo, em um fatorial 2 x 4 (PB x LISD) com cinco repetições, durante 35 dias. As rações foram formuladas com dois níveis de PB (16 e 18%) e quatro níveis de LISD (0,7; 0,9; 1,1 e 1,3%) com correção dos valores de metionina e treonina seguindo o conceito de proteína ideal. Ao final do experimento, um animal (unidade experimental) de cada tratamento foi sacrificado para mensuração do pH do conteúdo estomacal e cecal, peso relativo do fígado, pâncreas e rins e altura das vilosidades e profundidade das criptas do jejuno. No Experimento II, 32 suínos machos castrados (peso inicial = 25 ± 1,3 kg), provenientes do experimento anterior, foram alojados individualmente em gaiolas de metabolismo (unidade experimental), em um DBC no tempo em fatorial 2 x 4(PB x LISD), com quatro repetições, para avaliar o N ingerido (NI), N absorvido (NA), N retido (NR), e relação NR/NA (%). Não houve diferenças (P>0,05) para as variáveis de abate. No balanço de N, houve efeito linear crescente (P0,05) para NA. Conclui-se que os níveis de LISD e PB não afetam o peso dos órgãos, parâmetros fisiológicos e morfometria do jejuno, porém melhoram a assimilação do N em até 25% com 1,05% de LISD em rações com níveis reduzidos de PB.It was conducted an experiment in the Department of Animal Science at Lavras Federal University in order to verify the influence of different crude protein levels (CP) and digestible lysine (DLys) in the diet on the organs weight, physiologic parameters and utilization of nitrogen in the diet for piglets. It was utilized a total of 83 barrows and females (initial weight = 9.1 kg ± 1.2 kg and final weight = 21.5 ± 4.8 kg), crossbred (Landrace x Large White), weaned at 28 days old, allotted in groups of two in nursery in a randomized block design (RBD) in time, in 2x4 factorial scheme (CP x DLys), with five repetitions, during 35 days. The diets were formulated with two levels of CP (16 and 18%) and four levels of true digestible lysine (0.7; 0.9; 1.1 and 1.3%) with correction of the values for methionine and threonine following the ideal protein concept. At the final of experiment, one animal (experimental unit) of each treatment was slaughtered and the pH of estomacal and cecal contents, weight relative of the liver, pancreas and kidney and height of villous and crypts depth of jejune were taken. In the Experiment II, 32 barrows (initial weight = 25 ± 1.3 kg) proceeding from previous experiment, were allotted individually in metabolism cages (experimental unit) in RBD in time, in 2x4 factorial scheme (CP x LYSD) with four repetitions in order to evaluate the nitrogen intake (NI), absorbed nitrogen (AN), retained nitrogen (RN) and NR/NA relations (%). There were no differences for the slaughtered variables analyzed. In the NR there was linear increasing effect (P0.05) for AN for any treatments studied. It was conclude that the DLys and CP levels had any effect on organs weight, physiologic parameters and jejune morphometry, but they improve N Retention up to 25% with 1.05% of DLys in diets with reduced levels of CP.
- Published
- 2007
46. Efeito da ractopamina sobre as características físicas e químicas de filés de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus)
- Author
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L. M. F. S. Oliveira, Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimo, Taciene Carvalho Mesquita, Maria Emília de Sousa Gomes Pimenta, R. S. Leal, Renata Ribeiro Alvarenga, and Raimundo Vicente de Sousa
- Subjects
fish ,General Veterinary ,biology ,animal production ,Food storage ,Cold storage ,qualidade de filé ,biology.organism_classification ,Pacu ,Ractopamine ,Lipid peroxidation ,Piaractus mesopotamicus ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Lipid oxidation ,lipid oxidation ,piscicultura ,Piaractus ,fillet quality ,Food science ,lcsh:Animal culture ,oxidação lipídica ,lcsh:SF1-1100 ,peixe - Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the use of ractopamine (RAC) in the diet for pacu (Piaractus mesopotaminus) in the finishing phase on some quality parameters of the fillets. Thirty-five animals weighing 0.868±0.168kg were distributed in a completely randomised design with five treatments (0.0 - control; 11.25, 22.50, 33.75 and 45 ppm of RAC) and seven replicates with two fillets obtained from the same animal. The diets were isocaloric and isoprotein and experimental time was 90 days. RAC did not affect (P>0.05) the initial pH or ph after 24 hours of the fillets. Compared to the control, RAC increased (P0,05) o pH inicial dos filés e nem após 24 horas. Comparado ao controle, a RAC aumentou (P
- Published
- 2014
47. Reduction of phosphorus in broiler diets based on equivalency values of phytase
- Author
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Paulo Borges Rodrigues, David Henrique de Oliveira, Renata Ribeiro Alvarenga, Eduardo Machado Costa Lima, Levy do Vale Teixeira, Nicole Batelli de Souza Nardelli, Marcelo Henrique de Oliveira, Luciana de Paula Naves, and Antônio Gilberto Bertechini
- Subjects
enzima ,Chemistry ,Broiler ,lcsh:S1-972 ,desempenho ,aviculture ,nutrição ,bone ash ,avicultura ,enzyme ,Animal science ,nutrition ,Biochemistry ,phytate ,fitato ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Phytase ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,cinza óssea ,performance - Abstract
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o uso de valores de equivalência da fitase como base para redução de fósforo disponível (P-disp) em dietas para frangos. Foram avaliados dez planos nutricionais com seis repetições de 15 aves cada uma. Avaliaram-se: desempenho, teor de cinzas na tíbia e custo da ração. De 1 a 7 e de 36 a 42 dias de idade, as aves receberam dieta basal; de 8 a 21 dias, dieta sem fitase contendo 3,9 g kg-1 de P-disp e quatro dietas com fitase contendo de 1,1 a 2,5 g kg-1 de P-disp; e de 22 a 35 dias, dieta sem fitase contendo 3,4 g kg-1 de P-disp mais dieta com fitase contendo 1,6 g kg-1 de P-disp. O melhor plano nutricional foi composto pelas dietas: 4,7 g kg-1 de P-disp sem fitase (1 a 7 dias); 2,0 g kg-1 de P-disp suplementada com fitase (8 a 21 dias); 3,4 g kg-1 de P-disp em ração sem fitase (22 a 35 dias); e 3,0 g kg-1 de P-disp em ração sem fitase (36 a 42 dias). A redução do P-disp ocorre no período de 8 a 21 dias de idade e corresponde a 2,0 g kg-1 de ração suplementada com fitase. The objective of this work was to evaluate the use of equivalency values of phytase as a basis for reduction of available phosphorus (aP) in broiler diets. Ten nutritional programs were evaluated with six replicates of 15 birds each. The following were evaluated: performance, tibia ash content, and feed costs. From 1 to 7 and 36 to 42 days of age, the birds received basal diet; from 8 to 21 days, diet without phytase containing 3.9 g kg-1 aP and four diets with phytase containing from 1.1 to 2.5 g kg-1 aP; and from 22 to 35 days, diet without phytase containing 3.4 g kg-1 aP plus diet with phytase containing 1.6 g kg-1 aP. The best nutritional plan was formed by the diets: 4.7 g kg-1 aP without phytase (1 to 7 days); 2.0 g kg-1 aP supplemented with phytase (8 to 21 days); 3.4 g kg-1 aP in feed without phytase (22 to 35 days); and 3.0 g kg-1 aP in feed without phytase (36 to 42 days). The reduction of aP occurs in the period from 8 to 21 days of age and corresponds to 2.0 g kg-1 of feed supplemented with phytase.
- Published
- 2014
48. Amino acid reduction in broiler diets supplemented with phytase and elaborated according to different nutritional plans
- Author
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Renata Ribeiro Alvarenga, Gustavo Freire Resende Lima, Jeferson Éder Ferreira de Oliveira, Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimo, and Paulo Borges Rodrigues
- Subjects
ideal protein ,Soil Science ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Calcium ,Biology ,Feed conversion ratio ,Características de carcaça ,nutrição ,Excretion ,Food science ,Carcass characteristics ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,General Veterinary ,Phosphorus ,Broiler ,Metabolism ,desempenho ,Amino acid ,nutrition ,chemistry ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Phytase ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,performance ,proteína ideal ,Food Science - Abstract
The need for suitable diets in chickens, considering the ideal protein concept associated with phytase, is important in order to improve the productivity of birds. The aim of this study was to assess the need for the correction of amino acid levels in the diets of broilers, by using different combinations of crude protein (CP) supplemented with phytase. For performance, eight days old Cobb 875 broiler chicks, with initial body weights of 155 ± 1.4g were used. The birds were distributed in a completely randomised design with seven treatments (nutritional plans) and five replicates of 25 birds. For the metabolism trial, 300 birds were selected which were also distributed using the same design, but with five, four and three birds per experimental stage: 8-21 days, 22-35 days and 36- 42 days. The nutritional plans consisted of different combinations of CP in diets with reduced calcium and phosphorus, supplemented with phytase and amino acids. The reduction of amino acids in diets with reduced levels of CP resulted in an increased intake, feed conversion and abdominal fat level, and decreased the yield of thigh + drumstick. The inclusion of phytase reduced the excretion of calcium and phosphorus, but increased nitrogen excretion when the CP was not reduced. As a result, this study concluded that the reduction of amino acids to 3.5%, supplemented with phytase and prepared according to a nutritional plan does not improve the performance and carcass characteristics of broilers, although it may reduce the emission of polluting elements by excreta. A necessidade de dietas adequadas para frangos, considerando o conceito de proteína ideal associada à fitase, é importante para melhorar a produtividade das aves. Objetivou-se avaliar a necessidade de correção dos níveis de aminoácidos em rações para frangos de corte, formuladas em diferentes combinações de proteína bruta (PB) e suplementadas com fitase. Para o desempenho, foram utilizados 875 pintos de corte Cobb, com oito dias de idade e peso inicial de 155±1,4g. As aves foram distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com sete tratamentos (planos nutricionais) e cinco repetições de 25 aves cada. Para o ensaio de metabolismo, foram selecionadas 300 aves que foram também distribuídas no mesmo delineamento, porém com cinco, quatro e três aves por parcela experimental nas fases de 8 a 21, 22 a 35 e 36 a 42 dias. Os planos nutricionais consistiram em diferentes combinações de PB em rações com cálcio e fósforo reduzidos, suplementadas com fitase e aminoácidos. A redução de aminoácidos em dietas com teores reduzidos de PB aumentou o consumo, a conversão alimentar e a gordura abdominal e diminuiu o rendimento de coxa + sobrecoxa. A inclusão de fitase reduziu a excreção de cálcio e de fósforo, porém aumentou a de nitrogênio quando a PB não foi reduzida. Conclui-se que a redução de aminoácidos em 3,5% em rações para frangos de corte suplementadas com fitase e elaboradas segundo um plano nutricional não melhora o desempenho e as características de carcaça das aves, embora possa reduzir a emissão de elementos poluentes pelas excretas.
- Published
- 2012
49. Níveis de fósforo disponível e cálcio em rações suplementadas com fitase para frangos de corte nas fases de crescimento e final
- Author
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Maria Cecília Coelho Lara, Leonardo Rafael da Silva, Gustavo Freire Resende Lima, Renata Ribeiro Alvarenga, Renato Hespanhol, Luziane Moreira dos Santos, Paulo Borges Rodrigues, and Luciana de Paula Naves
- Subjects
nutritional requirements ,enzima ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Calcium ,Feed conversion ratio ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Animal science ,medicine ,Dry matter ,Amen ,Phosphorus ,metabolismo ,cinzas ósseas ,desempenho ,bone ash ,enzyme ,Bone ash ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,exigência nutricional ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Phytase ,medicine.symptom ,metabolism ,Weight gain ,performance - Abstract
Avaliaram-se os níveis de cálcio e fósforo disponível (Pdisp) em rações com fitase para frangos de corte da linhagem Cobb nas fases de crescimento (22 a 35 dias) e final (36 a 42 dias). Utilizou-se um esquema fatorial 3 × 4 + 1, composto de três níveis de Pdisp (0,36; 0,31; 0,26% na fase de crescimento e 0,33; 0,28; 0,23% na final), quatro níveis de cálcio (0,82; 0,72; 0,62; 0,52% para a fase de crescimento e 0,76; 0,66; 0,56; 0,46% para a final) e um nível de suplementação da fitase (500 ftu/kg). As rações controle não foram suplementadas com fitase e continham, respectivamente, os seguintes níveis de Pdisp e cálcio: 0,41 e 0,82% (fase de crescimento) e 0,38 e 0,76% (final). Nos ensaios de desempenho, aos 35 e 42 dias de idade, avaliaram-se o consumo de ração, o ganho de peso, a conversão alimentar e o teor de cinzas na tíbia. Nos ensaios de metabolismo, foram determinados os valores energéticos das rações (EMAn) e os coeficientes de metabolizabilidade da matéria seca (CMMS). Na fase de crescimento, a redução do cálcio e Pdisp para 0,52 e 0,26%, respectivamente, não comprometeu o desempenho, a mineralização óssea, a EMAn e o CMMS. Na fase final, a redução do cálcio e fósforo disponível para 0,56 e 0,28%, respectivamente, não comprometeu o desempenho, a EMAn e o CMMS e melhorou a mineralização óssea. Os níveis de cálcio e fósforo disponível em rações para frangos de corte podem ser reduzidos para 0,52 e 0,26% na fase de crescimento e 0,56 e 0,28% na fase final desde que essa redução seja combinada com a suplementação de fitase no nível de 500 ftu/kg de ração. Calcium and available phosphorus (aP) levels in diets with phytase for Cobb broilers in the growing (22 to 35 days) and finishing phases (36 to 42 days of age) were evaluated. A 3 × 4 + 1 factorial scheme, with three aP levels (0.36, 0.31, 0.26% in the growing phase and 0.33, 0.28, 0.23% in the finishing phase), four calcium levels (0.82, 0.72, 0.62, 0.52% in the growing phase and 0.76, 0.66, 0.56, 0.46% in the finishing phase), and one level of supplementation of phytase (500 ftu/kg) was used. Control diets were not supplemented with phytase and they contained, respectively, the following levels of aP and calcium: 0.41 and 0.82% (growing phase) and 0.38 and 0.76 (finishing phase). In the performance assays, at 35 and 42 days of age, feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion and the ash content in the tibia were evaluated. In the metabolic assays, the energy values of diets (AMEn) and dry matter digestibility coefficients (DMDC) were determined. In the growing phase, the reduction of the calcium and aP to 0.52 and 0.26%, respectively, did not compromise performance, bone ash, AMEn or MCDM. In the finishing phase, the reduction of the calcium and aP to 0.56 and 0.28%, respectively, did not compromise performance, AMEn or MCDM; in addition to improving bone ash. The levels of calcium and aP of diet can be reduced to 0.52 and 0.26% in the growing phase, and to 0.56 and 0.28% in the finishing phase, provided that this reduction is combined with supplementation of fitase at 500 ftu/kg of the diet.
- Published
- 2011
50. Carcass characteristics of broilers at 42 days receiving diets with phytase in different energy and crude protein levels
- Author
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D. C. Z. Donato, Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimo, Paulo Borges Rodrigues, Adriano Kaneo Nagata, Renata Ribeiro Alvarenga, José Humberto Vilar da Silva, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), and Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB)
- Subjects
Physics ,General Veterinary ,ideal protein ,Soil Science ,enzyme ,Animal science ,Available phosphorus ,dietary addictive ,Fósforo disponível ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Phytase ,aditivo ,enzimas ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,proteína ideal ,Food Science - Abstract
Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T19:03:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1413-70542011000300020.pdf: 62197 bytes, checksum: 8329ea5879ade24aba63f59a377a740c (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T19:03:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1413-70542011000300020.pdf: 62197 bytes, checksum: 8329ea5879ade24aba63f59a377a740c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T20:05:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1413-70542011000300020.pdf: 62197 bytes, checksum: 8329ea5879ade24aba63f59a377a740c (MD5) S1413-70542011000300020.pdf.txt: 30785 bytes, checksum: 66214af8cd9fc00f9689a4dcaf13d18b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:16:49Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1413-70542011000300020.pdf: 62197 bytes, checksum: 8329ea5879ade24aba63f59a377a740c (MD5) S1413-70542011000300020.pdf.txt: 30785 bytes, checksum: 66214af8cd9fc00f9689a4dcaf13d18b (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:16:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1413-70542011000300020.pdf: 62197 bytes, checksum: 8329ea5879ade24aba63f59a377a740c (MD5) S1413-70542011000300020.pdf.txt: 30785 bytes, checksum: 66214af8cd9fc00f9689a4dcaf13d18b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-01 Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, estudar as características de carcaça e qualidade da carne do peito depois da inclusão de fitase em dietas para frangos de corte, com diferentes níveis de energia metabolizável aparente corrigida para nitrogênio (EMAn) e proteína bruta (PB) reduzida, suplementadas com aminoácidos essenciais seguindo o conceito de proteína ideal. Foram utilizados 1.500 frangos machos Cobb dos 22 aos 42 dias de idade com peso inicial de 833 ± 7 g e final de 2741 ± 48 g distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3x3+1 (três níveis de EMAn - 2950, 3100 e 3250 kcal/kg - e três de PB - 14, 16 e 18% - e um tratamento adicional - controle, sem fitase, com 3100 kcal/kg EMAn, 19,2% de PB e 0,4% de fósforo disponível) em seis repetições com 25 aves cada. Ao final do experimento, duas aves de cada parcela foram sacrificadas para a mensuração do rendimento de carcaça e de cortes e determinação da composição química da carne do peito. Os níveis de energia e proteína em rações com fitase influenciaram (P
- Published
- 2011
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