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Climate changes significantly impact the hydrological cycle. Precipitation is one of the most important atmospheric inputs to the terrestrial hydrologic system, and its variability considerably influences environmental and socioeconomic development. Atmospheric warming intensifies the hydrological cycle, increasing both atmospheric water vapor concentration and global precipitation. The relationship between heavy precipitation and temperature has been extensively investigated in literature. However, the relationship in different percentile ranges has not been thoroughly analyzed. Moreover, a percentile-based regression provides a simple but effective framework for investigation into other factors (precipitation type) affecting this relationship. Herein, a comprehensive investigation is presented on the temperature dependence of daily precipitation in various percentile ranges over the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. The results show that 1) most stations exhibit a peaklike scaling structure, while the northeast part and south margin of the plateau exhibit monotonic positive and negative scaling structures, respectively. The scaling structure is associated with the precipitation type, and 2) the positive and negative scaling rates exhibit similar spatial patterns, with stronger (weaker) sensitivity in the south (north) part of the plateau. The overall increase rate of daily precipitation with temperature is scaled by Clausius–Clapeyron relationship. 3) The higher percentile of daily precipitation shows a larger positive scaling rate than the lower percentile. 4) The peak-point temperature is closely related to the local temperature, and the regional peak-point temperature is roughly around 10°C. Significance Statement This study aims to better understand the relationship between precipitation and surface air temperature in various percentile ranges over the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. This is important because percentile-based regression not only accurately describes the response of precipitation to warming temperature but also provides a simple but effective framework for investigating other factors (precipitation type) that may be affecting this relationship. Furthermore, the sensitivity and peak-point temperature are evaluated and compared among different regions and percentile ranges; this study also attempts to outline their influencing factors. To our knowledge, this study is the first integration of percentile-based analysis of the dependence of daily precipitation on surface air temperature.

Ministry of Science and Technology of China (grant nos. 2019YFE0124200 and 2018YFE0100800), National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 61874075), Baseline funding scheme of the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology

Inflorescence branch number is a yield-related trait controlled by cell fate determination in meristems. Two MADS-box transcription factors (TFs)—SISTER OF TM3 (STM3) and JOINTLESS 2 (J2)—have opposing regulatory roles in inflorescence branching. However, the mechanisms underlying their regulatory functions in inflorescence determinacy remain unclear. Here, we characterized the functions of these TFs in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) floral meristem and inflorescence meristem (IM) through chromatin immunoprecipitation and sequencing analysis of their genome-wide occupancy. STM3 and J2 activate or repress the transcription of a set of common putative target genes, respectively, through recognition and binding to CArG box motifs. FRUITFULL1 (FUL1) is a shared putative target of STM3 and J2 and these TFs antagonistically regulate FUL1 in inflorescence branching. Moreover, STM3 physically interacts with J2 to mediate its cytosolic redistribution and restricts J2 repressor activity by reducing its binding to target genes. Conversely, J2 limits STM3 regulation of target genes by transcriptional repression of the STM3 promoter and reducing STM3-binding activity. Our study thus reveals an antagonistic regulatory relationship in which STM3 and J2 control tomato IM determinacy and branch number.

In order to solve the problems (i.e. low infiltration efficiency, cracks, interface separation and poor mechanical properties) in the process of wood-derived C–SiC composites, the thermal modification of fir at low temperatures (300 °C ∼ 350 °C) combined with sol-gel infiltration was used to successfully produce biomorphic ceramics. The prepared materials were comprehensively characterized and exhibited improved interfacial bonding between C and SiC and mechanical properties. The weight gain per unit volume (0.123 g/cm3) of SiO2 gel in the fir thermally modified at 300 °C is 167.4%, higher than that (0.046 g/cm3) of the unmodified fir. A well-bonded interface was formed between the SiO2 gel and the pore wall of the fir thermally modified at 300 °C. With the increase of modification temperature from 300 °C to 350 °C, the distance between SiO2 gel and the pore wall increases, and a gap (1–3 μm) is observed between SiO2 gel and the pore wall of the fir carbonized at 600 °C. The C–SiC composites sintered at 1400 °C exhibited the highest compressive strength and bending strength of 40.8 ± 5.8 MPa and 11.7 ± 2.1 MPa, respectively, owing to the well-bonded interface between C of fir thermally modified at 300 °C and SiC. However, the composites sintered at 1600 °C for 120 min exhibited the lowest compressive strength and bending strength of 28.1 ± 13.4 MPa and 5.7 ± 1.6 MPa, respectively, which are 31.1% and 51.3% lower than those sintered at 1400 °C for 120 min, respectively. This might result from the porous structure formed by the excessive consumption of fir-derived carbon during the reaction between C and SiO2 at 1600 °C for 120 min. Therefore, thermal modification in the preparation of biomorphic C–SiC composites can promote slurry infiltration and the formation of a well-bonded interface between C and SiC, thus improving the mechanical properties of the composites.

The development of industrial Internet technology enterprises plays an important supporting role in green water and green mountains, as a forestry industry with both economic value and ecological value. at present, it is facing a good opportunity for development. However, industrial Internet technology enterprises are faced with many risks, such as long investment cycle, low comparative income, and their ecological value is easy to be ignored. Based on FCFF model and LINEST function, this paper studies the enterprise value evaluation and ecological development. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the economic value of industrial Internet technology enterprises is greatly affected by non-financial factors; (2) the excess income of industrial Internet technology enterprises is affected by ecological improvement. (3) under the background of green finance, the comprehensive operation ability of enterprises can be effectively improved through internal control of enterprises, formulation of government laws and supervision of social enterprises. This study has important theoretical and practical significance for China to scientifically and reasonably evaluate the value of industrial Internet technology enterprises.

Inflorescence architecture directly impacts yield potential in most crops. As a model of sympodial plants, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) inflorescence exhibits highly structural plasticity. However, the genetic regulatory network of inflorescence architecture in tomato remains unclear. Here, we investigated a modulator of inflorescence branching in tomato, TARGET OF EAT1 (SlTOE1), an APETALA2 (AP2) family member found to be predominantly expressed in the floral meristem (FM) of tomato. sltoe1 knockout mutants displayed highly branched inflorescences and defective floral organs. Transcriptome analysis revealed that SISTER OF TM3 (STM3) and certain floral development-related genes were upregulated in the flower meristem of sltoe1. SlTOE1 could directly bind the promoters of STM3 and Tomato MADS-box gene 3 (TM3) to repress their transcription. Simultaneous mutation of STM3 and TM3 partially restored the inflorescence branching of the sltoe1cr mutants, suggesting that SlTOE1 regulates inflorescence development, at least in part through an SlTOE1STM3/TM3 module. Genetic analysis showed that SlTOE1 and ENHANCER OF JOINTLESS 2 (EJ2) additively regulate tomato inflorescence branching; their double mutants showed more extensive inflorescence branching. Our findings uncover a pathway controlling tomato inflorescence branching and offer deeper insight into the functions of AP2 subfamily members.

Glioma is the most common tumor of the central nervous system (CNS). Drug resistance, and lack of effective treatment methods make the treatment effect of glioma patients unsatisfactory. The recent discovery of cuproptosis has led to new thinking about the therapeutic and prognostic targets of glioma. The transcripts and clinical data of glioma samples were obtained from The cancer genome atlas (TCGA). The cuproptosis-related lncRNA (CRL)-based glioma prognostic models were built through least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis in the train set and validated in the test set. Kaplan-Meier survival curve, risk curve analysis, and time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to assess the predictive ability and risk differentiation ability of the models. Univariate and multivariate COX regression analyses were conducted on the models and various clinical features, and then nomograms were constructed to verify their predictive efficacy and accuracy. Finally, we explored potential associations of the models with immune function, drug sensitivity, and the tumor mutational burden of glioma. Four CRLs were selected from the training set of 255 LGG samples and the other four CRLs were selected from the training set of 79 GBM samples to construct the models. Follow-up analysis showed that the models have commendable prognostic value and accuracy for glioma. Notably, the models were also associated with the immune function, drug sensitivity, and tumor mutational burden of gliomas. Our study showed that CRLs were prognostic biomarkers of glioma, closely related to glioma immune function. CRLs may affect uniquely the sensitivity of glioma treatment. It will be a potential therapeutic target for glioma. CRLs will offer new perspectives on the prognosis and therapy of gliomas.

In the application of electrolytic water splitting, MXenes can achieve performance optimization by doping, surface functional group regulation, construction of defect/vacancy, 3D/porous structure, or compounding with other materials.

Fe doping is acknowledged as an extremely efficient strategy for enhancing the catalytic performance in oxygen evolution reaction (OER).

Herein the effects of metal type, active site coordination structure, and coordination environment of SACs on CO2RR are discussed in detail. And the challenges and future development directions of SACs in the field of CO2RR are analyzed.

This review summarizes the preparation methods of MXene and the applications of MXene in electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, oxygen reduction reaction, carbon dioxide reduction reaction and nitrogen reduction reaction.

Phomopsischalins A−C (1–3), two classes of polycyclic-fused cytochalasins, were discovered from Phomopsis sp. shj2. Compound 2 is the first example of a cytochalasin accelerating lysosome function in a transcription factor EB-independent manner.

Due to its high nutritional value, broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck) is one of the most popular vegetables worldwide. This study assessed 36 phenotypic characteristics of 111 broccoli varieties to understand the phenotypic diversity of new broccoli varieties and improve their breeding speed with advantages and characteristics in China, including 108 new varieties and three varieties of common knowledge. The genetic diversity, the principal component, and the cluster of phenotypic characteristics of broccoli varieties were further investigated. The results showed that the coefficients of variation of 36 characteristics ranged between 11.18 % and 94.99 %, with their diversity index between 0.26 and 1.82. The 111 broccoli varieties were further classified into eight groups, primarily attributed to the differences in phenotypic characteristics, including curd weight, main stem thickness, plant development degree, plant height, and anthocyanin coloration. The cumulative contribution rate of the first five principal components reached 81.186 %, corresponding to 12 representative phenotypic traits. The analysis indicated that the phenotypic characteristics of broccoli were rich in diversity, especially for several characteristics appreciated by the market, such as weight, curd firmness, and anthocyanin coloration. This study revealed the basic information on the genetic diversity of new broccoli varieties in China from 2017 to 2019 and provided potential breeding strategies for broccoli to meet diverse market demands.

We investigate multipartite quantum correlation (MQC), spatially anisotropic coupling, and finite temperature effects in a triangular Ising system with tunable interactions using the exact diagonalization method. We demonstrate that spatially anisotropic coupling serves as an effective means to modulate MQC in the antiferromagnetic ground state, which is achievable with current experimental technologies. Moreover, we explore the interplay between MQC and spatially anisotropic coupling in the Ising system at finite temperatures. Our findings reveal a three-way trade-off relationship among high MQC, robust thermal stability, and anisotropic strength in the triangular Ising system with antiferromagnetic interactions, though the MQC in the ferromagnetic case is quite susceptible to temperature changes. These insights contribute to our understanding of ground state properties and MQC modulation in quantum many-body systems., 11 pages, 8 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2109.03576

We present a novel deep learning framework named the Iteratively Optimized Patch Label Inference Network (IOPLIN) for automatically detecting various pavement distresses that are not solely limited to specific ones, such as cracks and potholes. IOPLIN can be iteratively trained with only the image label via the Expectation-Maximization Inspired Patch Label Distillation (EMIPLD) strategy, and accomplish this task well by inferring the labels of patches from the pavement images. IOPLIN enjoys many desirable properties over the state-of-the-art single branch CNN models such as GoogLeNet and EfficientNet. It is able to handle images in different resolutions, and sufficiently utilize image information particularly for the high-resolution ones, since IOPLIN extracts the visual features from unrevised image patches instead of the resized entire image. Moreover, it can roughly localize the pavement distress without using any prior localization information in the training phase. In order to better evaluate the effectiveness of our method in practice, we construct a large-scale Bituminous Pavement Disease Detection dataset named CQU-BPDD consisting of 60,059 high-resolution pavement images, which are acquired from different areas at different times. Extensive results on this dataset demonstrate the superiority of IOPLIN over the state-of-the-art image classification approaches in automatic pavement distress detection. The source codes of IOPLIN are released on \url{https://github.com/DearCaat/ioplin}, and the CQU-BPDD dataset is able to be accessed on \url{https://dearcaat.github.io/CQU-BPDD/}., Published on IEEE Trans on ITS

Background. Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is an acute cerebrovascular illness with a pronounced rate of disability and fatality. Assessing the risk of rupture in unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) can guide early clinical intervention to avoid subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Current methods to assess the occurrence of aSAH at the molecular level are inadequate. Numerous studies have shown that immunity and inflammation are the initiating factors of UIAs rupture, which provides a potential theoretical support for constructing a risk model for aSAH occurrence based on immune-related genes. Methods. GSE36791 containing 61 samples was used as the training set, and GSE73378 containing 226 samples was used as the validation set, and the above data sets were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. All samples were gene expression profiling from peripheral blood cells. Using R software to identify differential genes and key gene modules and explore the underlying biological processes of differential genes. Immune-related analyses were based on ssGSEA and CIBERSORT algorithms. Using Cox regression to fit the risk model for aSAH occurrence with 3 randomly selected immune-related genes, and validating the model in the test set. Result. A total of 22 hub genes were obtained by weighted gene co-expression network analysis and gene differential expression analysis. Functional enrichment analysis showed that hub genes were mainly enriched in immune and inflammation-related pathways. The results showed that neutrophils and monocytes made up the largest proportion of the samples. CD6, SLP and SLC2A11 were randomly selected to construct risk model for aSAH occurrence. Our analysis resulted in an AUC value of 0.859 for the training set and 0.627 for the validation set, indicating that the model has some accuracy and potential clinical application. Conclusion. We identified 22 key genes associated with immunity and randomly selected 3 genes to construct and validate a risk model for the development of SAH due to aneurysm rupture. We determined the likelihood of intracranial aneurysm rupture based on the model score. It is possible to quickly and conveniently guide whether early intervention is needed for unruptured aneurysms at the molecular level to prevent the formation of SAH and related complications. In addition, pivotal gene-mediated inflammation provides a new perspective for future studies on the mechanisms of aSAH initiation and subsequent neurological deterioration.

IntroductionThe novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has been posing a severe threat to global public health. Although broadly neutralizing antibodies have been used to prevent or treat corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), new emerging variants have been proven resistant to these antibodies.MethodsIn this study, we isolated receptor binding domain (RBD)-specific memory B cells using single-cell sorting method from two COVID-19 convalescents and expressed the antibody to test their neutralizing activity against diverse SARS-CoV-2 variants. Then, we resolved antibody-RBD complex structures of potent RBD-specific neutralizing antibodies by X-ray diffraction method. Finally, we analyzed the whole antibody repertoires of the two donors and studied the evolutionary pathway of potent neutralizing antibodies.Results and discussionWe identified three potent RBD-specific neutralizing antibodies (1D7, 3G10 and 3C11) from two COVID-19 convalescents that neutralized authentic SARS-CoV-2 WH-1 and Delta variant, and one of them, 1D7, presented broadly neutralizing activity against WH-1, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Omicron authentic viruses. The resolved antibody-RBD complex structures of two antibodies, 3G10 and 3C11, indicate that both of them interact with the external subdomain of the RBD and that they belong to the RBD-1 and RBD-4 communities, respectively. From the antibody repertoire analysis, we found that the CDR3 frequencies of the light chain, which shared high degrees of amino acid identity with these three antibodies, were higher than those of the heavy chain. This research will contribute to the development of RBD-specific antibody-based drugs and immunogens against multiple variants.

Background Neonicotinoid insecticides are applied worldwide for the control of agricultural insect pests. The evolution of neonicotinoid resistance has led to the failure of pest control in the field. The enhanced detoxifying enzyme activity and target mutations play important roles in the resistance of insects to neonicotinoid resistance. Emerging evidence indicates a central role of the gut symbiont in insect pest resistance to pesticides. Existing reports suggest that symbiotic microorganisms could mediate pesticide resistance by degrading pesticides in insect pests. Results The 16S rDNA sequencing results showed that the richness and diversity of the gut community between the imidacloprid-resistant (IMI-R) and imidacloprid-susceptible (IMI-S) strains of the cotton aphid Aphis gossypii showed no significant difference, while the abundance of the gut symbiont Sphingomonas was significantly higher in the IMI-R strain. Antibiotic treatment deprived Sphingomonas of the gut, followed by an increase in susceptibility to imidacloprid in the IMI-R strain. The susceptibility of the IMI-S strain to imidacloprid was significantly decreased as expected after supplementation with Sphingomonas. In addition, the imidacloprid susceptibility in nine field populations, which were all infected with Sphingomonas, increased to different degrees after treatment with antibiotics. Then, we demonstrated that Sphingomonas isolated from the gut of the IMI-R strain could subsist only with imidacloprid as a carbon source. The metabolic efficiency of imidacloprid by Sphingomonas reached 56% by HPLC detection. This further proved that Sphingomonas could mediate A. gossypii resistance to imidacloprid by hydroxylation and nitroreduction. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the gut symbiont Sphingomonas, with detoxification properties, could offer an opportunity for insect pests to metabolize imidacloprid. These findings enriched our knowledge of mechanisms of insecticide resistance and provided new symbiont-based strategies for control of insecticide-resistant insect pests with high Sphingomonas abundance.

BackgroundThe safety of extracranial–intracranial (EC–IC) bypass in the management of anterior circulation intracranial aneurysms (IAs) remains to be determined. This systematic review aims to summarize the existing evidence and provide guidance for the precise management of IAs.Data sourceWe constructed search strategies and comprehensively searched Pubmed, Medline, Embase, Web of science, and Cochrane library.MethodsThis systematic review was actualized according to the PRISMA statement. We evaluated study quality using the methodological index for non-randomized study (MINORS). Effect sizes were pooled using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using the I2 test. Publication bias was assessed using the Egger's test. The registration number for this systematic review is CRD42023396730.ResultThis systematic review included a total of 21 articles, involving 915 patients. Postoperative bypass patency rate was 99% (95% CI 0.98–1.00); short-term follow-up was 98% (95% CI 0.94–1.00); long-term follow-up was 95% (95% CI 0.93–0.97). The long-term follow-up occlusion rate of saphenous vein was higher than that of radial artery (OR 6.10 95% CI 1.04–35.59). Short-term surgery-related mortality was 0.3% (95% CI 0.000–0.012); long-term follow-up was 0.4% (95% CI 0.000–0.013); The proportion of patients with a score of 0–2 on the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) during long-term follow-up was 92% (95% CI 0.86–0.98). The incidence rates of long-term follow-up complications were: ischemic 3% (95% CI 0.01–0.06); hemorrhagic 1% (95% CI 0.00–0.03); neurological deficit 1% (95% CI 0.00–0.03); other 3% (95% CI 0.01–0.06).LimitationMost of the included studies were retrospective studies. Studies reporting preoperative status were not sufficient to demonstrate postoperative improvement. Lack of sufficient subgroup information such as aneurysm rupture status.ConclusionEC–IC therapy for anterior circulation IAs has a high safety profile. Higher level of evidence is still needed to support clinical decision.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023396730, identifier: CRD42023396730.

The electrocatalytic reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline normally faces high overpotential and poor selectivity because of its six-electron redox nature. Herein, a Ag nanoparticles/laser-induced-graphene (LIG) heterointerface was fabricated on polyimide films and employed as an electrode material for an efficient nitrobenzene reduction reaction (NBRR) via a one-step laser direct writing technology. The first-principles calculations reveal that Ag/LIG shows the lowest activation barriers for the NBRR, which could be attributed to the optimum adsorption of the H atom realized by the appropriate interaction between Ag/LIG heterointerfaces and nitrobenzene. As a result, the overpotential of the NBRR is reduced by 217 mV after silver loading, and Ag/LIG shows a high aniline selectivity of 93%. Furthermore, an electrochemical reduction of nitrobenzene in tandem with an electrochemical oxidative polymerization of aniline was designed to serve as an alternative method to remove nitrobenzene from the aqueous solution. This strategy highlights the significance of heterointerfaces for efficient electrocatalysts, which may stimulate the development of novel electrocatalysts to boost the electrocatalytic activity.

In recent years, the rapid development of UAV technology has greatly improved the efficiency of the detection of concrete bridge cracks. With the increase in the number of bridge inspection UAVs, the number of tasks handled by cloud services has increased linearly, resulting in increased computational pressure on cloud services. In order to reduce the computational load of cloud servers, we proposed a crack segmentation network based on UAV-enabled edge computing. However, due to the limitation of computational capability of edge computing and the strength inhomogeneity and background complexity of cracks, crack detection is still a challenging task. Thus, we proposed an effective concrete crack segmentation network based on UAV-enabled edge computing, the network used feature map fusion to fuse different levels of feature map information into lower level features for crack detection. The atrous spatial pyramid pooling network was used to increase the low-resolution feature map receptive field information for cracks and to enhance the detection accuracy for cracks of different scales. In addition, loss functions for crack datasets were proposed to solve the problem of imbalance due to positive and negative samples in the concrete crack images. Experiments demonstrated that the proposed methods are better than the state-of-the-art edge detection and semantic segmentation methods in terms of accuracy and generality.

Fresh rice (Oryza sativa ssp. japonica) at the medium-milk stage is rich in soluble dietary fiber (SDF), leading to potential effects on type 2 diabetes (T2D). In this study, we analyzed each monosaccharide, the relative molecular weight, and the molecular linkages of fresh rice (grain, stem, husk, and leaf) SDF. The examined fresh rice leaf SDF consisted of 31.9% glucose, 35.7% galactose, 15.3% arabinose, 11.7% mannose, and a small amount of rhamnose and xylose. The molecular weight ( M w ) was 232.5 ± 19.1 × 10 4 u , and the radius of gyration ( R g ) was 298.8 ± 25.4 nm . The glycosidic bonds consisted mainly of Araf and Glc/Gal and included 1,3-Araf, 1,5-Araf, and 3,5-Araf glycosidic bonds. The effect of fresh rice leaf SDF on insulin resistance (IR) in HepG2 cells showed that it could significantly enhance glucose consumption ( P < 0.05 ). It also decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content ( P < 0.05 ) and increased the total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities ( P < 0.05 ) in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, fresh rice leaf SDF might be a good dietary supplement for treating T2D.