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There is no doubt that coronavirus has succeeded in crippling businesses and people worldwide. It has led to unprecedented economic crisis in countries around the world. The tourism sector isn’t an exception to its devastating impacts. The virus has succeeded in affecting not just the economy. In addition to such, job opportunities, and regional developments in local communities have been greatly affected. Tourism throughout the world has been stagnant since the month of April 2020 due to the advent of COVID-19. Given this temporary problem, economies and employment rates have been affected to a great extent. Also, local communities around the world are struggling to survive. In most countries, 50% the revenue generated from exports is contributed by tourism. This means it is a major contributor of GDP (Gross Domestic Product) as well as employment. The major aim of this paper is to carry out an objective review that can enable researchers and experts understand as well as manage the impacts of COVID-19 on tourism. For this to be achieved, this paper discussed the transformational opportunities presented by COVID-19 including questions that it raises. The paper attempts to identify pre-assumptions, institutions, and fundamental values which the tourism industry including other academia need to challenge for development to be achieved. Furthermore, the paper discusses the major impacts, experiences and behaviors being experienced by the 3 stakeholders in the tourism industry – social cost, supply, and demand. Just as measures have been adopted by countries to ameliorate the situation, recommendations have been put forward to ensure speedy recovery of the sector.

The research focus of the article – based on Aaron Antonovsky’s sense of coherence – is the analysis of recovery from the perspective of clinical social work. The methodological approach adopted in the study is based on the co-creation of knowledge together with 29 people experienced in deep mental health problems who agreed to participate in the process of intersubjectively defining mental crises, the possibilities of overcoming these and thus the ways of understanding recovery. The results of the study show that the basis of the recovery process is meeting a set of five needs: (1) effectiveness, (2) emotionality, (3) connectedness, (4) coherent identity and (5) affirmation of the past. A certain pool of individual experiences acquired during this process is a source of the formation of internalised beliefs that can be linked by a sense of ‘manageability’ (resulting from the satisfaction of the first three of the aforementioned needs), ‘comprehensibility’ (related to the need for ‘coherent identity’) and ‘meaningfulness’ (related to the need to ‘affirm the past’).

QUESTION: Can existing post-treatment prognostic models for predicting neck pain recovery (primarily in terms of disability and secondarily in terms of pain intensity and perceived improvement) be externally validated and updated at the end of the treatment period and at 6 and 12 weeks of follow-up in a new Dutch cohort of people with neck pain treated with guideline-based usual care physiotherapy?DESIGN: External validation and model updating in a new prospective cohort of three previously developed prognostic models.PARTICIPANTS: People with (sub)acute neck pain and registered for primary care physiotherapy treatment.OUTCOME MEASURES: Recovery of disability, pain intensity, and perceived recovery at 6 and 12 weeks and at the end of the treatment period.RESULTS: Discriminative performance (c-statistic) of the disability model at 6 weeks was 0.73 (95% CI 0.69 to 0.77) and reasonably well calibrated after intercept recalibration. The disability model at 12 weeks and at the end of the treatment period showed discriminative c-statistic performance values of 0.69 (95% CI 0.64 to 0.73) and 0.68 (95% CI 0.63 to 0.72), respectively, and was well calibrated. Pain models and perceived recovery models did not reach acceptable performance. Cervical mobility added value to the disability models and pain catastrophising to the disability and pain models at 6 weeks.DISCUSSION: Broad external validation of the disability model was successful in people with (sub)acute neck pain and clinicians may use this model in clinical practice with reasonable accuracy. Further research is required to assess the disability model's clinical impact and generalisability, and to identify additional valuable model predictors.REGISTRATION: https://osf.io/a6r3k/.

Background: Most studies on stroke have been designed to examine one deficit in isolation; yet, survivors often have multiple deficits in different domains. While the mechanisms underlying multiple-domain deficits remain poorly understood, network-theoretical methods may open new avenues of understanding. Methods: Fifty subacute stroke patients (7±3days poststroke) underwent diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and a battery of clinical tests of motor and cognitive functions. We defined indices of impairment in strength, dexterity, and attention. We also computed imaging-based probabilistic tractography and whole-brain connectomes. To efficiently integrate inputs from different sources, brain networks rely on a rich-club of a few hub nodes. Lesions harm efficiency, particularly when they target the rich-club. Overlaying individual lesion masks onto the tractograms enabled us to split the connectomes into their affected and unaffected parts and associate them to impairment. Results: We computed efficiency of the unaffected connectome and found it was more strongly correlated to impairment in strength, dexterity, and attention than efficiency of the total connectome. The magnitude of the correlation between efficiency and impairment followed the order attention>dexterity ≈ strength (strength: | r |=.03, P =0.02, dexterity: | r |=.30, P =0.05, attention: | r |=.55, P Conclusions: Attentional impairment is more sensitive to disruption of coordinated networks between brain regions than motor impairment, which is sensitive to disruption of localized networks. Providing more accurate reflections of actually functioning parts of the network enables the incorporation of information about the impact of brain lesions on connectomics contributing to a better understanding of underlying stroke mechanisms.

Alcoholic liver disease is a risk factor for non-virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is increasing in prevalence. This study aimed to identify the factors for recovery from alcoholic liver failure. Sixty-two consecutive patients hospitalized for alcoholic liver failure at Okayama City Hospital were enrolled. The characteristics of patients who survived to the 1-month follow-up and whose liver function improved to Child–Pugh A at 3 months (CPA3) and 12 months (CPA12) were compared with the rest of the patients. The survivors at 1 month (50 patients) were significantly younger than the deceased patients and had better liver and renal function with higher levels of γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT). The same factors, except renal function, were correlated with achieving CPA3. High AST, ALT, and GGT levels as well as short spleen length, total abstinence, and good Child–Pugh scores at admission were identified as factors for achieving CPA12. The extent of alcohol intake before admission was not identified as a risk factor in any analysis. In conclusion, baseline liver function is crucial for survival and achieving CPA3, whereas high transaminase and γ-GTP levels, the absence of splenomegaly, and total abstinence are significant factors for achieving CPA12.

Tojisha-kenkyu was born in Urakawa Bethel’s house in 2001. The person concerned “research” it with friends and supporters. I practiced this report in the group home. I introduce a relation with Mr. A from a viewpoint of Tojisha-kenkyu utilization. ①The example that Tojisha-kenkyu using the opportunity of Mr.A and the business trip, and ②Tojisha-kenkyu example as part of the conference for the group home withdrawal. Tojisha-kenkyu is practice aiming at individual recovery. The inflection of Tojisha-kenkyu is possible with the style that fitted each one. I want to continue practice and research of Tojisha-kenkyu in the future.

本研究の目的は日本のメンタルヘルスに携わる臨床家がリカバリーを測定・評価するために用いている量的・質的指標を整理し、リカバリーに関連した研究に今後望まれることを検討することである。対象となった32の文献のうち、量的指標を用いた文献は7件、質的指標を用いた文献は32件であった。これらの指標の傾向を知るためにCHIMEの5つのカテゴリーに分類するとConnectednessは31件、Hope and optimism about the futureは 30件、Identityは 13件、Meaning in lifeは25件、Empowermentは30件の文献が該当した。臨床家が指標として用いたものについて、CHIMEの枠組みに分類できなかった指標として、本人の困りごと、障壁に対する困難感とその対処、社会的リソースなどが挙げられた。これらは我が国の文化的背景が影響していると考えられるため、日本独自の文化的背景を踏またリカバリーの構成要素を整理することが望まれる。

General global trend in advanced economies indicates decreasing working hours and increasing labour productivity. The aim of the research is to examine the existing relationships between hours worked, labour productivity and international trade in the long-term. In the study, OECD and more in detail, some EU countries (Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Poland, Germany) are selected. The research period is 1995–2021. The results indicate that employees are working fewer hours, receiving more and generating larger economic output per person employed. This relation is detected in many EU countries. In the long term, advanced and stable economies (such as Germany) differ from emerging and previously so-called transition economies (Poland, Latvia etc.) in the EU. More efficient use of labour resources is linked with both application of modern technologies and the growing importance of high-tech industries that lead to higher economic output. High energy costs impact the selection of technologies, replacement to more efficient ones and innovations in the production process, transportation and storage. The results argue that high-tech exports are strongly linked with high-tech imports due to high import dependency. Faster well-balanced recovery and stable performance are expected in the majority of countries and market segments domestically in the post-COVID era.

Microalgae produce and secrete large quantities of polysaccharides into the culture medium that is discarded when biomass is separated. The main objective of this study was to add value to the exhausted culture medium (ECM) of Porphyridium cruentum through the recovery of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) by different extracting and purifying methods for the future biotechnological applications. The ECM was submitted to pre-cipitation with cold absolute ethanol, using ultrasound, dialysis, and trichloroacetic acid (TCA) as purification methods. The purification provided a lower yield, with higher car-bohydrate content. The TCA purified sample presented up to twice as much total carbo-hydrates as the non-purified samples, mainly composed of xylose, galactose, and glucose. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images showed the smooth structure of P. cruentum EPS, in which TCA post-treatment and dialysis allowed obtaining larger and purest par-ticles, being a good candidate for film making. Microalgal polymeric by-products are a sustainable source to recover valuable compounds, and the purification treatment proved to be an important step to valorize this material.(c) 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Institution of Chemical Engineers. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creati-vecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

BACKGROUND: In dogs with a congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt (EHPSS), outcome after surgical attenuation is difficult to predict. OBJECTIVES: Develop a minimally invasive test to predict outcome after surgical EHPSS attenuation and establish risk factors for postattenuation seizures (PAS). ANIMALS: Eighty-five client-owned dogs referred for surgical attenuation of a single EHPSS. METHODS: mRNA expression of 8 genes was measured in preoperatively collected venous blood samples. Outcome was determined at a median of 92 days (range, 26-208) postoperatively by evaluating clinical performance, blood test results and abdominal ultrasonography. Multivariable logistic regression was used to construct models predicting clinical and complete recovery. The associations between putative predictors and PAS were studied using univariable analyses. RESULTS: Five of 85 dogs developed PAS. Risk factors were age, white blood cell (WBC) count and expression of hepatocyte growth factor activator and LysM and putative peptidoglycan-binding domain-containing protein 2. Clinical recovery was observed in 72 of 85 dogs and complete recovery in 51 of 80 dogs (median follow-up, 92 days). The model predicting clinical recovery included albumin, WBC count, and methionine adenosyltransferase 2 alpha (MAT2α) expression, whereas the model predicting complete recovery included albumin, and connective tissue growth factor precursor and MAT2α expression. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves were 0.886 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.783, 0.990) and 0.794 (95% CI: 0.686, 0.902), respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Two models were constructed for predicting outcome after EHPSS attenuation using venous blood samples. The model predicting clinical recovery showed the best diagnostic properties. Clinical application requires further validation.

This exploratory case-controlled study examined whether the same amount of effort leads to similar feelings of fatigue and whether feelings of fatigue decline at the same rate in people with traumatic brain injury (pwTBI) compared to controls. Twenty pwTBI and 20 healthy controls (HC) completed an adaptive n-back task to induce fatigue and reported mental effort upon task completion and state-fatigue pre-task and several times during 30-minutes rest-period post-task. Task difficulty adapted to performance allowing both groups to invest substantial amounts of mental effort. Fatigue and effort levels were higher in pwTBI compared to controls. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that effort was positively related to post-task fatigue and this relationship did not differ between groups. Pre-task fatigue was the only predictor of post-task fatigue. Multilevel models showed no significant difference in decline of fatigue over the rest-period between groups. Excessive feelings of fatigue following TBI could not be explained by a higher vulnerability to the fatigue-inducing effects of mental effort needed to perform a specific task. In pwTBI pre-task fatigue levels might be more related to the complex demands of everyday life. Future studies should investigate recovery of fatigue and applications of this knowledge to rehabilitation interventions.Implications for rehabilitationPeople with TBI experience long-term fatigue as one of the most frequent and disabling symptoms and this long-term fatigue is a risk factor for development of secondary psychiatric symptoms such as depression or anxiety.Since people with TBI did not show a higher vulnerability to the fatigue-inducing effects of mental effort, fatigue following TBI might be better explained by the complex demands of everyday life such as external (environment) and internal (emotions) factors.Rehabilitation programs should be directed to this complex and highly individual interplay of fatigue in relation to other factors. People with TBI experience long-term fatigue as one of the most frequent and disabling symptoms and this long-term fatigue is a risk factor for development of secondary psychiatric symptoms such as depression or anxiety. Since people with TBI did not show a higher vulnerability to the fatigue-inducing effects of mental effort, fatigue following TBI might be better explained by the complex demands of everyday life such as external (environment) and internal (emotions) factors. Rehabilitation programs should be directed to this complex and highly individual interplay of fatigue in relation to other factors.

Background Purposeful participation in personally meaningful life tasks, enjoyment of positive reciprocal relationships, and opportunities to realize one’s potential are growth-related aspects of a meaningful life that should be considered important dimensions of recovery from homelessness. The extent to which homeless services support individuals to achieve the capabilities they need to become who they want to be and do what they want to do is, in turn, an important indicator of their effectiveness. In this study, we developed a measure of achieved capabilities (MACHS) for use in homeless services settings, and assessed its construct and concurrent validity. Methods We analysed data collected from homeless services users at two time points in eight European countries to assess the factor structure and psychometric properties of the new measure. Participants were adults engaged with either Housing First (n = 245) or treatment as usual (n = 320). Results Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses yielded a four-factor structure of the capabilities measure: community integration, optimism, safety, and self-determination. We obtained evidence for construct validity through observed correlations between achieved capabilities and recovery, working alliance and satisfaction with services. Moreover, we obtained evidence of the measure’s concurrent validity from its positive association between HF and personal recovery, which was fully mediated by achieved capabilities. Conclusions Findings demonstrate that the MACHS is a valid and reliable measure that may be used to assess the extent to which homeless services support their clients to develop capabilities needed for growth-related recovery. Implications for practice and future research directions are discussed.

Seagrass meadows form the foundation of many coastal ecosystems, but are rapidly declining on a global scale. To conserve and restore these key-ecosystems, improved understanding of drivers behind seagrass presence and recovery is needed. Many animals are known to both facilitate and inhibit seagrasses, but biotic factors are still rarely used as indicators of seagrass presence. Hence, we investigate if macrozoobenthos could beused as an indicator for intertidal seagrass (Zostera marina and Zostera noltii) habitat suitability in the international Wadden Sea. Additionally, we explore if macrozoobenthos can explain the differing seagrass recovery rates that have been observed between the Northern (Denmark and Schleswig Holstein) and Southern (Lower Saxony and Netherlands) regions of the Wadden Sea. To achieve this, we performed a Wadden Sea-wide survey at 36 intertidal locations, across three countries, and investigated the importance of 21 abiotic and biotic variables in explaining the presence and absence of intertidal seagrasses. Seagrass presence or absence could be reliably predicted (prediction error: 16.7%) with a multivariate logistic regression with only four variables; chlorophyll a, bivalve, ragworm and mudsnail biomass. We also found higher chlorophyll concentrations and ragworm biomass in the South compared to the Northern Wadden Sea, suggesting that eutrophication and associated community shifts might still inhibit seagrass recovery in the South. Our findings highlight the potential of using macrozoobenthos as indicators for seagrass habitat suitability. In areas, like the Dutch Wadden Sea, where macrozoobenthic surveys are common and where benthic data is readily available, our findings can be used to improve the understanding of seagrass recovery dynamics and the selection of suitable seagrass restoration sites.

Post-migration stress and parenting adolescents can reduce parental self-efficacy. This study tested the effects of strengthening parental self-efficacy in refugee parents of adolescents and whether this makes parental self-efficacy less impacted by post-migration stressors. Using a within-subject experimental design, experience sampling data were collected in 2019 from 53 refugee parents of adolescents (Mage = 39.7, SDage = 5.59, 73% Syrian, 70% mothers) in the Netherlands. Data were analyzed by dynamic structural equation modeling using interrupted time-series analysis. The single-session personalized intervention strengthened parental self-efficacy (small effect: between case standardized mean difference = 0.09) and made refugee parents less vulnerable to post-migration stressors. Findings suggest that parental self-efficacy is malleable and strengthening it fosters refugee parents' resilience. Replications with longer-term follow-ups are needed.

Objective: Most symptoms following acute unilateral vestibular deafferentation are expected to resolve spontaneously due to central vestibular compensation, yet 29%-66% of unilateral vestibular deafferentation patients develop chronic symptoms. This review investigates the influence of the level of therapeutic physical activity on the outcomes of chronic unilateral vestibular deafferentation patients. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were systematically searched on May 5, 2022, for studies investigating the association between physical activity and chronic symptoms in unilateral vestibular deafferentation patients. Results: Eight studies met the eligibility criteria and were analyzed. Three cross-sectional studies objectified the level of physical activity and revealed a lower level of physical activity in unilateral vestibular deafferentation patients compared to healthy controls. Five interventional studies investigated the effect of a physical activity intervention on dizziness and balance performance. Interventions were categorized as: (1) movement sessions (Tai Chi, Lian Gong, and aquatic physiotherapy) and (2) technology-assisted physical activity using a balance platform. After the intervention, significant improvements were found in perceived health status, dizziness, or balance performance whereby 2 studies showed strong effect sizes. Furthermore, the effects of physical activity interventions were comparable to vestibular rehabilitation. Conclusion: Unilateral vestibular deafferentation patients show a reduced physical activity level despite, and in contrast to, the advice to remain physically active. Additionally, an association was found between the lack of physical activity and chronic symptoms. Measuring physical activity might be useful to determine patient compliance concerning physical activity prescriptions and thus enable timely intervention and guidance when needed.

A well-executed training program using the right training method will result in an athlete's performance if the athlete gets sufficient recovery to recover from post-exercise fatigue. To find out the athlete's performance by knowing the oxygen volume capacity by using the balke test but the leg length of each athlete is suspected of contributing in carrying out the test so researchers want to examine the Effect of Training and Recovery Methods on VO2max of UNSIKA Rowing Club Athletes by Controlling the Effect of Leg Length. quasi-experimental method with a 2 x 2 factorial design. The research variables consisted of: (1) the dependent variable, namely VO2max Athlete Rowing Club UNSIKA (2) independent variables, namely the treatment variable (A1: Cross country method, and A2: Fatlek) and attribute variables ( B1: Passive Recovery and B2: Active Recovery) and (3) the covariate variable, in this study was Leg Length. So that the total number of research samples is 80 people. The Balke test is the test instrument used in collecting Vo2max data. as well as a tape measure to measure leg length. Hypothesis testing was carried out using two-way covariate analysis (ANKOVA) with a 2x2 factorial design. The results of the first hypothesis testing showed that the Vo2max results of the UNSIKA rowing club athletes between the athlete group using the cross country method were higher than the athlete group using the fatlek method after controlling for leg length. Thus the cross-country training method used in this study can improve the Vo2max results of UNSIKA rowing club athletes which are better than the fatlek method.

In addition to good physical and psychological conditions, recovery is another important component that athletes must meet to support success in the field. This study aims to determine the effect of active and passive recovery on plyometric exercises on speed and power. The type used in this study is quasi-experimental. The sample of this research is 44 athletes from Lampung Province who will compete for Pekan Olahraga Nasional (PON) 2021 Papua. The plyometric exercises applied are plyometric exercises (multiple hops and jump variations). After doing the plyometric exercises, active and passive recovery is applied. The speed research instrument is the 30 m sprint test for power using a vertical jump. Analysis of the data used: paired test analysis and independent sample test. The results obtained are that plyometric exercises on active and passive recovery affect athletes' speed and power abilities. Although it affects performance, in the effectiveness test, the speed of active recovery is better than passive recovery. As for power, both of them do not have the level of effectiveness between passive and active recovery. The study's results are expected to be a reference to be included in the training program using the plyometric model with active and passive recovery to support the success of the Lampung Province athletes in 2021., Selain kondisi fisik dan psikologis yang baik, pemulihan merupakan komponen penting lain yang harus dipenuhi atlet untuk mendukung kesuksesan di lapangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh recovery aktif dan pasif terhadap latihan plyometric terhadap kecepatan dan daya. Jenis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah quasi-experimental. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 44 atlet asal Provinsi Lampung yang akan bertanding untuk Pekan Olahraga Nasional (PON) 2021 Papua. Latihan plyometric yang diterapkan adalah latihan plyometric (beberapa hop dan variasi lompatan). Setelah melakukan latihan plyometric, pemulihan aktif dan pasif diterapkan. Instrumen penelitian kecepatan adalah tes sprint 30 m untuk daya menggunakan lompatan vertikal. Analisis data yang digunakan: analisis uji berpasangan dan uji sampel independen. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah bahwa latihan plyometric pada pemulihan aktif dan pasif mempengaruhi kecepatan dan kemampuan kekuatan atlet. Meskipun mempengaruhi kinerja, dalam uji efektivitas, kecepatan pemulihan aktif lebih baik daripada pemulihan pasif. Adapun kekuatan, keduanya tidak memiliki tingkat efektivitas antara pemulihan pasif dan aktif. Hasil kajian tersebut diharapkan dapat menjadi acuan untuk diikutsertakan dalam program pelatihan menggunakan model plyometric dengan recovery aktif dan pasif untuk mendukung keberhasilan para atlet Provinsi Lampung pada tahun 2021.

This paper reviews the properties of methanesulfonic acid (MSA) and its potential for use in hydrometallurgy. Although MSA is much less known than sulfuric, hydrochloric or nitric acid, it has several appealing properties that makes it very attractive for the development of new circular flowsheets in hydrometallurgy. Unlike other organic acids such as acetic acid, MSA is a very strong acid (pKa = − 1.9). In addition, it is very stable against chemical oxidation and reduction, and has no tendency to hydrolyze in water. In terms of its environmental impact, MSA has low toxicity and is biodegradable. In nature, it is part of the geochemical sulfur cycle. A useful property is the high solubility of its salts in water: methanesulfonate salts have a much higher solubility in water than sulfate salts. Additionally, MSA and its salts are compatible with the electrowinning of metals because the anode reaction involves the formation of oxygen gas (unlike chlorine gas formation in chloride electrolytes) and no cathodic reduction of the anion occurs (unlike nitrate reduction in nitrate electrolytes). MSA is particularly interesting for lead hydrometallurgy, where it offers more environment-friendly alternatives to HBF4 and H2SiF6. However, MSA can also be adopted in all hydrometallurgical processes that require strong Brønsted acids. It can be used in the metallurgy of copper, zinc, cobalt, nickel, and rare earths, as well as in the recycling of metals from end-of-life products. Although MSA itself is a non-oxidizing acid, in combination with hydrogen peroxide it yields strongly oxidizing lixiviants that can leach copper from chalcopyrite or dissolve metallic silver. The global production of MSA is expected to increase rapidly in the near future thanks to both the industrialization of a new sustainable synthesis process and its many applications (cleaning fluids, electrolytes for electroplating, redox-flow batteries, catalysts in organic synthesis, and as a solvent for high-molecular-weight polymers). As a result, MSA will become more widely available and a lower price will make it an increasingly attractive option. Graphical Abstract

In this study, floatability rate of aluminum (Al) powders was analyzed for the purpose of separating valuable resources from residual materials in waste photovoltaic (PV) solar cells, and equations for flotation recovery were developed for various flotation types according to the rate-determining steps of the gas flowrate and feed rate. The flotation rate became a zero-order reaction at the rate-determining step of the gas flow rate and had the same form between a batch and continuous typed practices by substituting residence time with real time. Under the rate-determining step of the feed rate, the flotation rate was expressed by the linear combination of the first-order reaction of an even group material. The flotation recovery rate of Al powders was analyzed by the data of a batch floatability experiment and indicated by the linear expression of the first-order reaction of two groups due to the rate-determining step of the feed rate. The calculated separation recovery of n-cell type device increased as the number of cells increased and approached that of the batch and column types.

UNLABELLED: A hydrometallurgical process is described for conversion of an aqueous solution of lithium chloride into an aqueous solution of lithium hydroxide via a chloride/hydroxide anion exchange reaction by solvent extraction. The organic phase comprises a quaternary ammonium chloride and a hydrophobic phenol in a diluent. The best results were observed for a mixture of the quaternary ammonium chloride Aliquat 336 and 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol (1:1 molar ratio) in the aliphatic diluent Shellsol D70. The solvent extraction process involves two steps. In the first step, the organic phase is contacted with an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. The phenol is deprotonated, and a chloride ion is simultaneously transferred to the aqueous phase, leading to in situ formation of a quaternary ammonium phenolate in the organic phase. The organic phase, comprising the quaternary ammonium phenolate, is contacted in the second step with an aqueous lithium chloride solution. This contact converts the phenolate into the corresponding phenol by protonation with water extracted to the organic phase, followed by a transfer of hydroxide ions to the aqueous phase and chloride ions to the organic phase. As a result, the aqueous lithium chloride solution is transformed into a lithium hydroxide solution. The process has been demonstrated in continuous counter-current mode in mixer-settlers. Solid battery-grade lithium hydroxide monohydrate was obtained from the aqueous solution by crystallization or by antisolvent precipitation with isopropanol. The process consumes no chemicals other than sodium hydroxide. No waste is generated, with the exception of an aqueous sodium chloride solution. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40831-022-00629-2. ispartof: JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE METALLURGY vol:9 issue:1 pages:107-122 ispartof: location:Netherlands status: published

It is known that ototoxicity is the main cause of toxicity induced by aminoglycoside antibiotics. Effects on cochlea and vestibule in vertebrates are variable, depending on the typology of the aminoglycoside and the animal model examined. Despite this, they are routinely used to prevent postoperative and urinary tract infections and in the treatment of tuberculosis and cystic fibrosis. Gentamicin causes hearing loss by damaging stereocilia and by causing degeneration of hair cells due to free radical formation and eventual activation of caspase-dependent pathways. Its toxicity increases with the frequency of administration, dose concentration, and duration of treatment. Turnover of new hair cells may occur spontaneously, throughout life, or may be triggered by an acoustic or ototoxic insult to replace dead cells. Turnover and repair of damage are common in fish and amphibians and in birds' vestibule. In contrast, in the papilla basilaris of birds, and in the vestibule of mammals, hair cell regeneration is activated only after damage. Sensory epithelium repair and hair cell regeneration also occur in the reptiles’ vestibule, but no data is available on regeneration or repair in the basilar papilla, involved in sound perception. The purpose of this work is therefore to assess the damage induced by gentamicin on the papilla basilaris of a reptile model organism, the Lacertidae Podarcis siculus. Recovery was also evaluated 3, 8 and 18 days after the end of exposure, in absence of gentamicin and in presence of the otoprotective salicylate. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was carried out to check for morphological damage while the occurrence of cell proliferation events was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy, after administration of 5-Bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU). Results show that salicylate administration facilitates recovery and reduces damage to hair cells after gentamicin treatment. Following the incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine, we demonstrated that sensory epithelium repair and hair cell regeneration have occurred, and that the recovery is due to either proliferation of the supporting cells and/or self-repair of hair cell bundles in the weakly damaged sensory cells.

This work reports a study of the absorption of fluorinated refrigerant gases in ionic liquids (ILs) from a combined experimental and computational approach to gain insights into the solvation of these greenhouse gases. The results allow the selection of solvents for fluorinated gas recovery, based on molecular characteristics, and improve the recyclability of these high-value-added compounds. The solubility of R-134a, R-1234yf, and R-1234ze(E) was measured experimentally in 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium tricyanomethanide ILs at 283.15–323.15 K and up to 5 bar to investigate the influence of the alkyl side chain length of the cations in the ILs. Molecular dynamics was used to study solvation environments around refrigerant molecules in terms of radial distribution functions, coordination numbers, and spatial distribution functions. Simulations were carried out with the recent CL&Pol polarizable force field for ILs, which includes polarization effects explicitly. The force field was validated against experimental solubility through free-energy perturbation calculations. The main effects influencing the solubility of fluorinated refrigerants in ILs result from interactions with the anions and with the cation head group alkyl chain, setting a basis for a rational selection and design of ILs for processes to recover and recycle refrigerants in a circular economy model. This publication is a result of project PID2019-105827RB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.1039/501100011033 (Spain). S. A.-D. acknowledges the FPU18/03939 grant funded by MCIN/AEI/10.1039/501100011033 and the funding for the research stay EST21/00100. MD simulations were performed on the computer clusters of the Pôle Scientifique de Modélisation Numérique (PSMN) at the ENS de Lyon (France). S. A.-D. thanks Agílio Pádua and Margarida Costa Gomes for hosting him as a visiting researcher at the Ionic Liquids group of Laboratoire de Chimie of the ENS de Lyon.

Background: Major depressive episodes (MDEs) of major depressive (MDD) or bipolar disorders (BD) are frequently complicated by features of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Mixed features are a hallmark of BD and affective lability of BPD, and both may markedly influence illness course. However, direct comparisons of outcome of depression in MDD, BD, and BPD are scarce.Methods: In a cohort study based on stratified sampling, we diagnosed psychiatric MDE patients with SCID-I/P and SCID-II interviews and examined mixed symptoms using the Mix-MDE scale and borderline symptoms using the Borderline Personality Disorder Severity Index. During a six-month prospective follow-up, the MDE patients with MDD (n = 39), BD (n = 33), or BPD (n = 23) completed biweekly online assessments. Using life chart methodology, we divided the follow-up period into qualitatively different mood state periods. We investigated durations of mood episodes, times to first full symptomatic remission, and their predictors.Results: Remission rates were similar in MDD, MDE/BD, and MDE/BPD patients. MDE/BD patients experienced more numerous and shorter distinct mood state periods during follow-up than the others. MDE/BD was associated with shorter (HR = 2.44, 95 % CI = 1.27-4.67) and dimensionally assessed BPD severity with longer time to first remission (HR = 0.95, 95 % CI = 0.91-1.00). Limitations: Moderate sample size and follow-up duration.Conclusions: Course of illness over six months differs between the three depressive groups. Bipolar depressive patients have the most alternating course and the shortest time to first period of remission. Dimensionally assessed severity of BPD may predict longer time to remission from depression.

Packaging represents the largest fraction of plastic waste in Europe. Currently, mechanical recycling schemes are mainly focused on the recovery of rigid packaging (like bottles), while for flexible packaging, also called films, recycling rates remain very low. Existing mechanical recycling technologies for these films are quite basic, especially in the case of complicated post-consumer flexible plastics (PCFP) waste, leading to regranulate qualities that are often subpar for renewed use in demanding film applications. In this study, the technical and economic value of an improved mechanical recycling process (additional sorting, hot washing, and improved extrusion) of PCFPs is investigated. The quality of the four types of resulting regranulates is evaluated for film and injection molding applications. The obtained Polyethylene-rich regranulates in blown films offer more flexibility (45-60%), higher ductility (27-55%), and enhanced tensile strength (5-51%), compared to the conventional mechanical recycling process. Likewise, for injection molded samples, they exhibit more flexibility (19-49%), enhanced ductility (7 to 20 times), and higher impact strength (1.8 to 3.8 times). An economic assessment is made between the obtained increased market value and the capital investment required. It is shown that the economic value can be increased by 5-38% through this improved recycling process. Overall, the study shows that it is possible to increase the mechanical recycling quality of PCFP in an economically viable way, thus opening the way for new application routes and overall increased recycling rates.

Purpose Following resistance exercise, uncertainty exists as to whether the regular application of cold water immersion attenuates lean muscle mass increases in athletes. The effects of repeated post-resistance exercise cold versus hot water immersion on body composition and neuromuscular jump performance responses in athletes were investigated. Methods Male, academy Super Rugby players (n = 18, 19.9 ± 1.5 y, 1.85 ± 0.06 m, 98.3 ± 10.7 kg) participated in a 12-week (4-week × 3-intervention, i.e., control [CON], cold [CWI] or hot [HWI] water immersion) resistance exercise programme, utilising a randomised cross-over pre–post-design. Body composition measures were collected using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry prior to commencement and every fourth week thereafter. Neuromuscular squat (SJ) and counter-movement jump (CMJ) performance were measured weekly. Linear mixed-effects models were used to analyse main (treatment, time) and interaction effects. Results There were no changes in lean (p = 0.960) nor fat mass (p = 0.801) between interventions. CON (p = 0.004) and CWI (p = 0.003) increased (g = 0.08–0.19) SJ height, compared to HWI. There were no changes in CMJ height (p = 0.482) between interventions. Conclusion Repeated post-resistance exercise whole-body CWI or HWI does not attenuate (nor promote) increases in lean muscle mass in athletes. Post-resistance exercise CON or CWI results in trivial increases in SJ height, compared to HWI. During an in-season competition phase, our data support the continued use of post-resistance exercise whole-body CWI by athletes as a recovery strategy which does not attenuate body composition increases in lean muscle mass, while promoting trivial increases in neuromuscular concentric-only squat jump performance.

Real-time functional MRI neurofeedback allows individuals to self-modulate their ongoing brain activity. This may be a useful tool in clinical disorders that are associated with altered brain activity patterns. Motor impairment after stroke has previously been associated with decreased laterality of motor cortex activity. Here we examined whether chronic stroke survivors were able to use real-time fMRI neurofeedback to increase laterality of motor cortex activity and assessed effects on motor performance and on brain structure and function. We carried out a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03775915) in which 24 chronic stroke survivors with mild to moderate upper limb impairment experienced three training days of either Real (n = 12) or Sham (n = 12) neurofeedback. Assessments of brain structure, brain function and measures of upper-limb function were carried out before and 1 week after neurofeedback training. Additionally, measures of upper-limb function were repeated 1 month after neurofeedback training. Primary outcome measures were (i) changes in lateralization of motor cortex activity during movements of the stroke-affected hand throughout neurofeedback training days; and (ii) changes in motor performance of the affected limb on the Jebsen Taylor Test (JTT). Stroke survivors were able to use Real neurofeedback to increase laterality of motor cortex activity within (P = 0.019), but not across, training days. There was no group effect on the primary behavioural outcome measure, which was average JTT performance across all subtasks (P = 0.116). Secondary analysis found improvements in the performance of the gross motor subtasks of the JTT in the Real neurofeedback group compared to Sham (P = 0.010). However, there were no improvements on the Action Research Arm Test or the Upper Extremity Fugl–Meyer score (both P > 0.5). Additionally, decreased white-matter asymmetry of the corticospinal tracts was detected 1 week after neurofeedback training (P = 0.008), indicating that the tracts become more similar with Real neurofeedback. Changes in the affected corticospinal tract were positively correlated with participants neurofeedback performance (P = 0.002). Therefore, here we demonstrate that chronic stroke survivors are able to use functional MRI neurofeedback to self-modulate motor cortex activity in comparison to a Sham control, and that training is associated with improvements in gross hand motor performance and with white matter structural changes.

Food system resilience has multiple dimensions. We draw on food system and resilience concepts and review resilience framings of different communities. We present four questions to frame food system resilience (Resilience of what? Resilience to what? Resilience from whose perspective? Resilience for how long?) and three approaches to enhancing resilience (robustness, recovery, and reorientation—the three “Rs”). We focus on enhancing resilience of food system outcomes and argue this will require food system actors adapting their activities, noting that activities do not change spontaneously but in response to a change in drivers: an opportunity or a threat. However, operationalizing resilience enhancement involves normative choices and will result in decisions having to be negotiated about trade-offs among food system outcomes for different stakeholders. New approaches to including different food system actors’ perceptions and goals are needed to build food systems that are better positioned to address challenges of the future. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Volume 47 is October 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

When an older person suffers an acute event, such as a hip fracture, it influences the whole family. Research shows that while close relatives want to be a part of the older person’s life during recovery it is associated with a high perceived level of stress and burden. To provide in-depth knowledge of close relatives’ experiences in this situation, the aim of this study was to elucidate meanings of being a close relative to an older person recovering from hip fracture surgery. This study has a qualitative descriptive phenomenological hermeneutical design. Narrative interviews were conducted with ten close relatives. Analysis was conducted using phenomenological hermeneutical interpretation which provided a deeper understanding of the close relatives’ lived experiences of their older person’s recovery from hip fracture surgery. The structural analysis revealed two themes; “Participating in the illness journey”, which was constructed of the subthemes of facing the unimaginable yet expected, encountering healthcare personnel, and noticing recovery and “Putting oneself aside”, which was constructed of the subthemes of placing daily life on hold, giving support, and feeling concern and fear.

We perform, to our best knowledge, the first systematic mapping of the foundational economy (FE) at the sub-national level by looking at the FE employment in Swedish regions between 2007 and 2016. We show that the FE itself not only suffered less than traded activities from employment decline during the Great Recession of 2007–2009 but was also a domain of substantial job creation in the post-crisis recovery. At the same time, regions with higher dependence on foundational employment were hit harder during the crisis in terms of overall labour market performance. We demonstrate that it is specific compositions of foundational and traded activities in the regional employment mix that relate differently to regional employment growth in times of crisis and recovery. Jointly, these findings allow us to contribute to the literatures on the FE and regional resilience.

Background and hypothesis Although maintenance treatment with antipsychotics protects against psychotic relapse, high doses may hamper recovery. Therefore, dose reduction or discontinuation may be considered in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Here, we identified risk factors for psychotic relapse when doses are reduced. Study Design We systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO from January 1950 through January 2021 and reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that reported relapse rates after antipsychotic dose reduction or discontinuation in patients with chronic schizophrenia. We calculated relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) per person-year and sought to identify potential risk factors for relapse. The study is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42017058296). Study Results Forty-seven RCTs (54 patient cohorts, 1746 person-years) were included. The RR for psychotic relapse with dose reduction/discontinuation versus maintenance treatment was 2.3 per person-year (95% CI: 1.9 to 2.8). The RR was higher with antipsychotic discontinuation, dose reduction to less than 3–5 mg haloperidol equivalent (HE), or relatively rapid dose reduction ( Conclusions Clinicians should take several risk factors for psychotic relapse into account when considering dose reduction in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Studies of a relatively fast reduction in antipsychotic dose support a minimum dose of 3–5 mg HE. However, if the dose is tapered more gradually, relapses related to medication withdrawal might be avoided, possibly enabling lower-end doses to be achieved.

Background: Balance is often affected after stroke, severely impacting activities of daily life. Conventional testing methods to assess balance provide limited information, as they are subjected to floor and ceiling effects. Instrumented tests, for instance using inertial measurement units, offer a feasible and promising alternative. Research question: We examined whether postural sway can reliably be measured in sitting and standing balance in people after stroke in clinical rehabilitation using a single inertial measurement unit. Additionally, we assessed to what extent averaging two measurements would improve test-retest reliability compared to a single measurement, and if sway features can potentially be used to monitor progression. Method: Forty participants performed two assessments with a test-retest interval of 24 h. Each assessment consisted of one sitting and four standing balance conditions (eyes open, feet together, eyes closed and foam). The standing balance conditions were performed twice during both assessments. In total, 35 sway features were calculated for each condition. For the standing balance conditions, these were calculated for both single test-retest measurement and the average of the two test and retest measurements. We determined the reliability using the intraclass correlation coefficient for both single and averaged measurements. Additionally, the minimal detectable change and the relative minimal detectable change were computed. Results: The single and averaged measurements resulted in 22 sitting, 30 & 32 eyes open, 27 & 22 feet together, 28 & 33 eyes closed and 23 & 13 foam sway features with good-excellent reliability. Overall, the difference between intraclass correlation coefficient values of the single and averaged measurements was small and inconsistent. The relative minimal detectable change ranged between 0.5 and 1.5 standard deviation. Significance: Sitting and standing balance can reliably be assessed in people after stroke in clinical rehabilitation with a single measurement using one inertial measurement unit.

Disturbance and invasive species have dramatic effects on desert plant communities, often resulting in degradation or shifts to alternative plant communities. Climate and soil properties determine water availability to plants, and have been thought to drive patterns of recovery following disturbance and potential for invasion. In chapter II we used a combination of natural gas pipelines and satellite imagery to understand how recovery from a uniform disturbance differs across precipitation and soil gradients. We used a recovery ratio (disturbed/undisturbed) of pipeline pixels and their undisturbed nearest neighbor pixel to quantify recovery in a comparable way across precipitation gradients. We found widespread evidence of incomplete recovery of NPP except in locations that receive the majority of their precipitation during winter. Recovery timing for shrub cover varied 50-120 years after disturbance, and was quickest in warm deserts where post-disturbance shrub species differed from the dominant shrub species in undisturbed locations. In chapter III we use natural gas pipeline data (same as chapter 1), but asked how disturbance affects production-precipitation relationships. We did this by comparing precipitation use efficiency (average NPP/average precipitation) and sensitivity to deviations in annual precipitation at disturbed and undisturbed sites across a precipitation gradient. We found that effects of disturbance varied according to shifts in vegetation type following disturbance, with general trends of lower PUE and higher sensitivity tied to losses of woody plants increases in grass species. In chapter IV we create a species distribution model for an exotic annual grass species Bromus tectorum using a novel approach that combines soil microclimate and germination models. The model was unable to explain abundance of B. tectorum across sites, but predicted presence well (73% accuracy). Our modeling approach allowed us to predict suitable B. tectorum habitat at an accuracy level similar to models using satellite imagery. Hindcasts of our model indicate that abiotic conditions that favor presence of B. tectorum are increasing with the biggest changes at mid-elevation sites (1765-2111m).

Polazeći od suvremenog pristupa dvojnog modela kontinuuma mentalnog zdravlja i mentalne bolesti (eng. dual continua model) sveukupno mentalno zdravlje je više od samog odsustva mentalnog poremećaja ili bolesti. Prema ovom modelu osobe koje boluju od psihičke bolesti mogu imati dobro mentalno zdravlje i dobar oporavak i tokom iskustva s dijagnozom psihičke bolesti. Stoga je svrha ovog istraživanja produbiti spoznaju o oporavku i pojavnosti dimenzija pozitivnog mentalnog zdravlja kod osoba koje boluju od psihičke bolesti. Cilj istraživanja bio je ispitati ulogu određenih čimbenika rizika i zaštite za oporavak i pozitivno mentalno zdravlje osoba s psihičkim oboljenjem. Ispitao se doprinos obilježja psihičke bolesti, materijalne deprivacije, izloženosti stresu, kvalitete života, socijalne podrške i zadovoljstva pružanim uslugama. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 200 osoba koje boluju od psihičke bolesti, od čega 28,5% s dijagnozom shizofrenije, 43% sudionika s poremećajima raspoloženja i 28,5% sudionika s anksioznim poremećajima. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da korisnici usluga izvanbolničke psihijatrijske skrbi koji boluju od shizofrenije iskazuju višu razinu materijalne deprivacije i percipiraju nižu razinu socijalne podrške u odnosu na korisnike s depresivnim i bipolarno afektivnim poremećajem i korisnike s anksioznim i opsesivno-kompulzivnim poremećajem. Prediktorski skup koji obuhvaća varijable dva prediktora: Uznemirenost i Kvaliteta kao komponente stresa u posljednjem koraku modela objašnjava 52,7% varijance procjene oporavka. Rezultati istraživanja ukazali su na to da kvaliteta života i niska razina uznemirenosti, kao komponenta stresa, značajno doprinose oporavku osoba koje boluju od psihičke bolesti. Prediktorski skup koji obuhvaća varijable Uznemirenost i Kontrolu kao komponente stresa, Kvalitetu života i Socijalnu podršku od strane značajni drugih objašnjava se 51,2% varijance kriterija pozitivnog mentalnog zdravlja. Rezultati su ukazali na to da veća učestalost doživljavanja uznemirenosti i kontrole kao izvora stresnog događaja će predviđat nižu razinu pozitivnog mentalnog zdravlja, Nadalje, veća razina subjektivne kvalitete života i veća razina podrške od značajnih drugih predviđat će veću razinu pozitivnog mentalnog zdravlja. Rezultati ovoga istraživanja ukazuju na potrebu unapređenja procesa prevencije mentalnog zdravlja orijentiranog na oporavak kroz poboljšavanje uvjeta kvalitete života osoba koje boluju od psihičke bolesti, osnaživanja mreža socijalne podrške i prevenciji izloženosti stresnim životnim događajima, Introduction: The topic of the quality of life of people with mental illness is relatively well covered in research, but the aspect of their positive mental health and recovery is a significantly less researched phenomenon. According to the dual continuum model of mental health and mental illness, overall mental health is more than just the absence of mental illnesses and disorders. According to this model, a person can have high personal well-being, that is, good mental health even during the experience with a diagnosis of mental illness. Therefore, the goal of the research was to gain insight into the recovery and incidence of positive mental health in people suffering from mental illness, and to examine the prediction of certain risk and protection factors for the recovery and mental health of people with mental illness. The contribution of the characteristics of mental illness, material deprivation, exposure to stress, quality of life, social support and satisfaction with the services provided was also examined. Participants: A total of 200 adults suffering from mental illness from Tuzla Canton, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina were included in the research. Of which 28.5% (n=57) were diagnosed with schizophrenia (F20), 43% of participants (n=86) with mood disorders (depressive disorder F32 and bipolar affective disorder F31) and 28.5% (n=57) of participants with anxiety disorders (anxiety F40, F41 and obsessive-compulsive disorder F42). People older than 18 years were included in the research, and the average age of the participants was 54 years. Instruments: Questionnaire consisting of several scales related to sociodemographic data, material deprivation, exposure to stress, quality of life, social support, satisfaction with services provided, recovery and positive mental health was used for the purposes of this research. The measuring instruments used in the research are: Questionnaire of socio-demographic characteristics - constructed for the needs of this research; Croatian version of the mental health questionnaire (The Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF) Scoring System) (Vuletić et al., 2018); The Recovery Assessment Scale (RAS 24) (Corrigan et al., 2008); Material deprivation questionnaire (Ajduković, Družič Ljubotina and Kletečki Radović 2016); Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) (Cohen, Kamarck and Mermestein, 1983); Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of Life Scale (MANSA) (Priebe et al., 1999); The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) (Zimet et al., 1988); Instrument for measuring user satisfaction with treatment (Client Satisfaction Questionnaire - CSQ-18) (Attkisson and Zwick, 1982). The measuring instruments used in the research are: Questionnaire of socio-demographic characteristics - constructed for the needs of this research; Croatian version of the mental health questionnaire (The Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF) Scoring System) (Vuletić et al., 2018); The Recovery Assessment Scale (RAS 24) (Corrigan et al., 2008); Material deprivation questionnaire (Ajduković, Družič Ljubotina and Kletečki Radović 2016); Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) (Cohen, Kamarck and Mermestein, 1983); Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of Life Scale (MANSA) (Priebe et al., 1999); The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) (Zimet et al., 1988); Instrument for measuring user satisfaction with treatment (Client Satisfaction Questionnaire - CSQ-18) (Attkisson and Zwick, 1982). Results: The results showed that people with schizophrenia have significantly higher levels of material deprivation and a lower level of social support, unlike people with depression and anxiety disorders. The predictor set that includes the Distress variable as a stress component and the Quality of Life assessment explains 52.7% of the variance of the recovery criteria. The set of predictors that includes the variables Distress and Control as components of stress, and the assessment of Quality of Life and Social Support - significant others explains 51.2% of the variance of the criterion of positive mental health. Conclusion: There are statistically significant differences between persons suffering from schizophrenia and persons suffering from depressive and anxiety disorders in the level of material deprivation and social support. The obtained differences indicate that people suffering from schizophrenia show a higher level of material deprivation and perceive a lower level of social support compared to people with depression and anxiety disorders. as a component of stress and Quality of life, explain a high percentage of the variance in the recovery of people suffering from mental illness (52.7%). Distress and Control as components of stress, Quality of life and Social support from significant others are predictors that explain a high percentage of the variance of the criterion of positive mental health of persons suffering from mental illness (51.2%). The above indicates a greater need for the development of social services and interventions aimed at increasing the quality of life of a person suffering from a mental illness, sources of social support and developing skills for dealing with stressful life events in an organized outpatient psychiatric care system

Universitas Kristen Wira Wacana carries out various activities using an internet connection. Realizing the importance of this internet connection, the campus provides two different sources of internet connection. The first internet source (ISP1) has a speed of 100 Mbps, while the second internet source (ISP2) has a speed of 20 Mbps. The configuration that is currently used is less than optimal because if one of the internet sources used is disconnected, the internet connection for some campuses will be cut off, causing activities to be disrupted. In addition, the distribution of network loads is still not optimal where the second internet source (ISP2) is not used optimally due to the lack of activities that use this internet source. To overcome these two problems, a design was made by implementing the Gateway Load Balancing Protocol (GLBP) which can act as a redundancy link as well as load balancing. The simulation results of the implementation of GLBP can continue to provide internet connections to all local networks even though one internet line is disconnected and is able to divide the network load with a weight scale of 5 to 1, 5 weights for 100 Mbps internet connections and 1 weight for 20 Mbps internet connections. The failover and recovery process can be done in 1.36 seconds and 1.57 seconds if the path that is interrupted is the path to the internet, while if the path that is disconnected is the path to the local network, the failover and recovery process takes 7.70 seconds and 8.15 seconds, respectively.

Ongoing pain is driven by the activation and modulation of pain-sensing neurons, affecting physiology, motor function, and motivation to engage in certain behaviors. The complexity of the pain state has evaded a comprehensive definition, especially in non-verbal animals. Here, in mice, we used site-specific electrophysiology to define key time points corresponding to peripheral sensitivity in acute paw inflammation and chronic knee pain models. Using supervised and unsupervised machine learning tools, we uncovered sensory-evoked coping postures unique to each model. Through 3D pose analytics, we identified movement sequences that robustly represent different pain states and found that commonly used analgesics do not return an animal's behavior to a pre-injury state. Instead, these analgesics induce a novel set of spontaneous behaviors that are maintained even after resolution of evoked pain behaviors. Together, these findings reveal previously unidentified neuroethological signatures of pain and analgesia at heightened pain states and during recovery.

ispartof: SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION REVIEWS vol:52 issue:3 pages:242-261 status: accepted

This study examined the effect of an asynchronous heart rate variability biofeedback (HRV-BFBasync) protocol on national-level adolescent swimmers’ cognitive appraisals and recovery-stress states during a six-week ecological training period. A polynomial mixed-effects multilevel regression analysis approach was used with 27 adolescent national-level swimmers randomly assigned to an intervention group (n = 14) and a control group (n = 13). Six waves of assessments of cognitive appraisals and recovery-stress states were completed during six weeks of training preparation in ecological conditions. The results revealed that the HRV-BFBasync protocol significantly predicts lower levels of biopsychosocial stress states and cognitive stress. However, no significant effects were found for biopsychosocial recovery scales and cognitive perceived control. The results suggested that total stress states, sport-specific stress, and cognitive perceived stress evolutions are a function of polynomial time third-degree interactions with HRV-BFB protocol. Overall, this study suggested that the HRV-BFBasync protocol leads adolescent athletes to experience lower biopsychosocial and cognitive stress levels during training periodization. Our results also suggest that HRV-BFB induces complex evolutions over time for stress and recovery states but does not have a predictive function for the recovery states and perceived control.

In the context of anthropogenic impacts on pollution and global warming scenarios, reject from the construction sector accounts for 36% of European waste. This waste percentage includes disused and abandoned buildings that have lost the value of their function over time. In order to reduce the ecological footprint they generate, the paper rethinks Recovery in its circular meaning to put these buildings back into a normal circuit of usability, improving the creation of resilient urban habitats. In particular, decommissioned ecclesiastical buildings constitute a huge quantity and significant quality heritage, as by cultural, perceptive, morphological and material values. The sustainable reuse of this heritage must act on its double impacting value: the tangible one linked to the material culture of the buildings and the intangible one, linked to the identity values of sediment instances. Through a comparison desk research of more than 140 cases of reuse on a European scale, the contribution arrives at a system of indicators that allow evaluating the reuse sustainable compatibility of these buildings, able to promote prosperity, inclusiveness and social equity. These indicators make it possible to assess the appropriateness of design actions aimed at mediating between the conservation of the built heritage and the transformative needs of contemporary instances. The results provide scenarios tool of sustainable recovery, capable of transforming waste into a resource, extending the life cycle of the ecclesiastical heritage and thus mitigating its environmental impact, as well as the cost related to the loss of cultural values and identity for the community.

Background: Our aims were to investigate the time-course effects of a futsal match on performance, oxidative stress, and muscle damage markers, as well as inflammatory and antioxidant responses during a 6-day post-match period. Methods: Thirty-four female high-level futsal players were assessed on several oxidative stress, inflammation, subjective muscle soreness, subjective rate perceived exertion, and performance tests before a futsal match, immediately after, and 24 h to 144 h after. Results: Counter movement jump, 20 m, and 10 m sprints performance significantly decreased immediately after the match (p < 0.05) and returned to baseline 72 h post-match (p > 0.05). Delayed onset muscle soreness peaked 24 h post-match and rate perceived exertion peaked post-match (p < 0.05) and returned to baseline 96 h post-match (p > 0.05). Inflammatory biomarkers peaked at 24 h (p < 0.05) and remained significantly elevated for 72 h after the match (p < 0.05). Muscle damage biomarkers peaked at 24 h (p < 0.05) and remained significantly (p < 0.05) elevated for at least 72 h after the match. Oxidative stress markers peaked at 24 h–48 h (p < 0.05) and returned to baseline 120 h post-match (p > 0.05). In respect to antioxidant responses, these peaked at 24 h–48 h post-match (p < 0.05) and returned to baseline 120 h after the match (p > 0.05). Conclusions: A single futsal match induces short/mid-term changes in performance, inflammation, oxidative stress, and muscle damage markers for about 72 h–96 h post-match.

Kretanje utječe na biologiju ljudskog tijela. Oporavak je ključan za performanse tijekom treninga ili natjecanja, kao i na to kako se prilagođavamo nakon navedenog. Korištenje adekvatnih strategija vezano uz oporavak i uzimanje hranjivih tvari te količine energije prije, tijekom i nakon treninga i natjecanja - tako da je koncentracija postojana u organzmu tijekom vremena oko aktivnosti - može uvelike poboljšati performanse i oporavak. Fiziološki čimbenici su oni koji su dio posjedovanja tijela, kao što je: genetski sklop, posobnost oporavka (uključujući imunitet), veličina i sastav tijela, energetski zahtjevi, biološki spol i dob, razvojna faza i fizička zrelost. Čimbenici sporta i aktivnosti su oni koji su dio kretanja, kao što su: vrsta sporta ili aktivnosti i uključeni energetski sustavi, opterećenje i volumen treninga, ukupna kombinacija ili alostatsko opterećenje fizioloških stresora te fizičko okruženje u kojem se odvija kretanje. Trenažni proces jednostavno je poticaj za promjenu. Ovaj stimulans će dati rezultate samo ako je oporavak dostatan između dva treninga., Movement affects on the biology of the human body. Recovery is key for performance in trainings and competitions and how the body adjust to it. Using adequate strategies related to recovery and taking nutritious foods as well as amount of energy before, during and after the training and competitions - so the concentration is existent in your body in the times around the activity – can greatly improve performance and recovery. Physiological factors are the genetic set, recover ability ( including immunity), size and body composition, energetic demands, biological gender and age, growing phase and physical maturity. Factors of the sport and activity is the ones that are part of the movement, such as: type of sport or activity and energetic systems, load and volume of the training, total combination or allostatic load of physiological stressors and physical environment in which the movement is being done. Training process is incentive to change. This stimulans will give results only if there is a proper amount of recovery between the two trainings.

Nowadays, membrane technology is an efficient process for separating compounds with minimal structural abrasion; however, the manufacture of membranes still has several drawbacks to being profitable and competitive commercially under an environmentally friendly approach. In this sense, this review focuses on bio-based polymeric membranes as an alternative to solve the environmental concern caused by the use of polymeric materials of fossil origin. The fabrication of bio-based polymeric membranes is explained through a general description of elements such as the selection of bio-based polymers, the preparation methods, the usefulness of additives, the search for green solvents, and the characterization of the membranes. The advantages and disadvantages of bio-based polymeric membranes are discussed, and the application of bio-based membranes to recover organic and inorganic contaminants is also discussed.

Magistrsko delo obravnava vpliv pandemije covida-19 na gospodarske razmere in potrebo po krepitvi institucij za usklajevanje politik. Osredinja se na preučevanje koordinativne sposobnosti držav članic Evropske unije (EU) pri načrtovanju in izvajanju Nacionalnih načrtov za okrevanje in odpornost (NOO), povezanih z instrumentom NextGenerationEU (NGEU). Analizirana sta primera Italije in Poljske, ki omogočata identifikacijo izzivov NOO ter dejavnikov, ki nanje vplivajo. Uporabljena je matrika »3 x 3 x 3« za sistematičen pregled determinant, ravni in faz ter njihovega vpliva na izvajanje NOO. Cilj raziskave je preučiti koordinativno sposobnost držav članic in ugotoviti determinante koordinativne evropeizacije. Ključne ugotovitve kažejo, da institucionalna kakovost, razpoložljivi čas in posvetovanje z deležniki pomembno vplivajo na koordinativno sposobnost držav članic. Boljše institucionalne strukture olajšajo usklajevanje in izvajanje načrtov, medtem ko lahko omejen čas in pomanjkanje posvetovanja ovirata učinkovitost in uspešnost procesov. Pomembna sta tudi politično sodelovanje in vključevanje vseh deležnikov, kar je omogočeno prek javnih posvetovanj znotraj EU. Analiza primerov Italije in Poljske je pokazala razlike v pristopu, političnih preferencah in v koordinacijski sposobnosti držav. Avtorica ugotavlja, da koordinacija in izvajanje NOO predstavljata kompleksen proces, ki zahteva usklajevanje med različnimi ravni in deležniki. Razumevanje teh procesov in determinant je ključno za izboljšanje učinkovitosti in uspešnosti izvajanja NOO ter za spodbujanje trajnostne gospodarske rasti na ekonomskih, okoljskih in na socialnih gradnikih v obdobju po pandemiji. This dissertation examines the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on economic conditions and the need to strengthen policy coordination institutions. It focuses on studying the coordinating capacity of European Union (EU) member states in planning and implementing National Recovery and Resilience Plans (NRRPs) associated with the NextGenerationEU (NGEU)instrument. Analysing Italy and Poland enables the identification of challenges of NRRPs. The "3x3x3" matrix is used to systematically review determinants, levels and stages and their impact on NRRP implementation. The research aims to investigate the coordinating capacity of member states and the determinants of coordinative Europeanization. Key findings indicate that institutional quality, time available, and stakeholder consultation significantly influence countries’ coordinating capacity. While improved institutional structures facilitate the plan’s coordination and implementation, limited time and lack of consultation can hinder its effectiveness and success. Political collaboration and the inclusion of all stakeholders, enabled through public consultations within the EU prove crucial. The analysis of Italy and Poland reveals differences in their approaches, political preferences, and coordination capacity. The author concludes that coordinating and implementing NRRPs is a complex task requiring harmonisation among different levels and stakeholders. Understanding these processes and determinants is crucial for enhancing the effectiveness and facilitating the success of NRRP, promoting sustainable economic growth on economic, environmental, and social foundations in the post-pandemic period.

Kretanje utječe na biologiju ljudskog tijela. Oporavak je ključan za performanse tijekom treninga ili natjecanja, kao i na to kako se prilagođavamo nakon navedenog. Korištenje adekvatnih strategija vezano uz oporavak i uzimanje hranjivih tvari te količine energije prije, tijekom i nakon treninga i natjecanja - tako da je koncentracija postojana u organzmu tijekom vremena oko aktivnosti - može uvelike poboljšati performanse i oporavak. Fiziološki čimbenici su oni koji su dio posjedovanja tijela, kao što je: genetski sklop, posobnost oporavka (uključujući imunitet), veličina i sastav tijela, energetski zahtjevi, biološki spol i dob, razvojna faza i fizička zrelost. Čimbenici sporta i aktivnosti su oni koji su dio kretanja, kao što su: vrsta sporta ili aktivnosti i uključeni energetski sustavi, opterećenje i volumen treninga, ukupna kombinacija ili alostatsko opterećenje fizioloških stresora te fizičko okruženje u kojem se odvija kretanje. Trenažni proces jednostavno je poticaj za promjenu. Ovaj stimulans će dati rezultate samo ako je oporavak dostatan između dva treninga. Movement affects on the biology of the human body. Recovery is key for performance in trainings and competitions and how the body adjust to it. Using adequate strategies related to recovery and taking nutritious foods as well as amount of energy before, during and after the training and competitions - so the concentration is existent in your body in the times around the activity – can greatly improve performance and recovery. Physiological factors are the genetic set, recover ability ( including immunity), size and body composition, energetic demands, biological gender and age, growing phase and physical maturity. Factors of the sport and activity is the ones that are part of the movement, such as: type of sport or activity and energetic systems, load and volume of the training, total combination or allostatic load of physiological stressors and physical environment in which the movement is being done. Training process is incentive to change. This stimulans will give results only if there is a proper amount of recovery between the two trainings.

Currently, polypropylene (PP) is highlighted using sorbitol-based clarifying agents since these agents are high quality, low cost, and work as a barrier against moisture, which makes PP ideal for packaging food, beverages, and medical products, among others. The use of analytical methods capable of recovering these additives in wastewater streams and then reusing them in the PP clarification stage represents an innovative methodology that makes a substantial contribution to the circular economy of the PP production industry. In this study, a method of extraction and recovery of the Millad NX 8000 was developed. The additive was recovered using GC-MS and extracted with an activated carbon column plus glass fiber, using an injection molded sample, obtaining a recovery rate greater than 96%. TGA, DSC, and FTIR were used to evaluate the recovered additive’s glass transitions and purity. The thermal degradation of the recovered additive was found to be between 340 and 420 °C, with a melting temperature of 246 °C, adopting the same behavior as the pure additive. In FTIR, the characteristic absorption peak of Millad NX 8000 was observed at 1073 cm−1, which indicates the purity of the extracted compound. Therefore, this work develops a new additive recovery methodology with high purity to regulate the crystallization behavior and of PP.

This study aimed to analyze the factors that impact the cloud point extraction of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin. The following independent variables were analyzed: Triton X-114 concentration, NaCl concentration, pH, and incubation temperature. The dependent variable studied was recovery. A central composite design model was used. The applied quantitation method was HPLC. The method was validated for linearity, precision, and accuracy. The results underwent ANOVA® analysis. The polynomial equations were generated for each analyte. The response surface methodology graphs visualized them. The analysis showed that the factor most affecting the recovery of levofloxacin is the concentration of Triton X-114, while the recovery of ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin is most affected by pH value. However, the concentration of Triton X-114 also plays an important role. The optimization resulted in the following recoveries: for ciprofloxacin, 60%; for levofloxacin, 75%; and for moxifloxacin, 84%, which are identical to those estimated with regression equations—59%, 74% and 81% for ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin, respectively. The research confirms the validity of using the model to analyze factors affecting the recovery of the analyzed compounds. The model allows for a thorough analysis of variables and their optimization.

Solar cells, liquid crystal displays (LCDs) and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have become more and more important in recent decades. Crucial components of such electronic devices include rare metals (e.g., indium and gallium), which are only available in limited quantities. In order to meet their rising demand in the coming years, recycling processes, especially those that enable selective recovery of the individual components, are steadily gaining in importance. One conceivable method is particle-loaded solvent extraction followed by mechanical processing. Therefore, we first investigated the possibility of recovering individual particle fractions from a multicomponent mixture on the basis of the surface properties. Both UV–Vis spectroscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) were used for evaluation. The conducted experiments showed, among other things, that the indium oxide content increased from 50% to 99% in a binary system and from 33% to 94% in a ternary compound. In addition, the purification of the separated particles was examined in detail. Using UV–Vis spectrometry, it was found that permeation washing of filter cakes is suitable for removing impurities and retrieving most of the solvent used. Based on the results of the conducted laboratory tests, we finally developed a concept for the continuous and selective recovery of rare metals.

Изучен вещественный состав двух проб руды Раисинского месторождения. Определено, что содержание меди в пробах 1 и 2 невысокое – 0,43 и 0,57%, массовая доля серебра составляет 7,1-7,2 и 13,8-14,2, золота – менее 0,1 г/т, содержание серы низкое и составляет 0,17 и 0,76% соответственно. Из цветных металлов в незначительных количествах присутствует цинк (0,015 и 0,025%), свинец (менее 0,002% в обеих пробах), кобальт (менее 0,005% в обеих пробах) и кадмий (0,015 и 0,031%).Пробы руды имеют сравнительно несложный минеральный состав: существенно преобладают породообразующие минералы, представленные кварцем, кальцитом, доломитом, альбитом, ортоклазом и мусковитом. Количество первичных минералов меди (халькозин и др.) – до 2-4, пирита – менее 0,5% соответственно.Выполнены исследования по получению флотационных концентратов. Из лабораторной пробы 1 получен флотационный концентрат марки КМ4, из пробы 2 – КМ7. Полученные концентраты по содержанию основных компонентов и вредных примесей соответствуют требованиям ГОСТ Р52998-2008 «Концентрат медный. Технические условия (с поправкой)»., The material composition of two samples of ore from the Raisinskoe deposit was studied. It has been determined that copper content in samples 1 and 2 is low – 0.43 and 0.57%, mass fraction of silver is 7.1-7.2 and 13.8-14.2, gold – less than 0.1 g/t, sulfur content is low – 0.17 and 0.76% respectively. Of the base metals, zinc (0.015 and 0.025%), lead (less than 0.002% in both samples), cobalt (less than 0.005% in both samples) and cadmium (0.015 and 0.031%) are present in minor amounts.Ore samples have a relatively simple mineral composition: rock-forming minerals represented by quartz, calcite, dolomite, albite, orthoclase and muscovite predominate considerably. The amount of primary copper minerals (chalcocite etc.) is up to 2-4, pyrite less than 0.5% respectively.Studies on the production of flotation concentrates were carried out. Flotation concentrate of KM4 grade was obtained from laboratory sample 1 and KM7 from sample 2. The concentrates obtained meet the requirements of GOST R52998-2008 "Copper Concentrate. Technical Conditions (as amended)"., Международный научно-исследовательский журнал, Выпуск 6 (132) 2023

V začetku teoretičnega dela diplomskega se najprej osredotočam na izkušnjo begunstva otrok brez spremstva in s pomočjo slovenske in tuje literature predstavim razloge za odločitev o begu iz domovine, nevarnosti s katerimi se srečujejo na poti in ob prihodu v novo državo. Nadalje se osredotočam na pravice otrok brez spremstva, kjer najprej predstavim mednarodne akte, ki naglašajo pravice otrok, beguncev in tudi otrok brez spremstva. Predstavim tudi trenutno veljavno slovensko zakonodajo, kjer sta najpomembnejša Zakon o tujcih in Zakon o mednarodni zaščiti. Posebno poglavje posvečam travmi pri otrocih brez spremstva, kjer najprej predstavim travmo kot razlog in posledico migracij in odzive na travmo. V nadaljevanju se osredotočam na okrevanje po travmi in na odpornost otrok ter predstavim varovalne dejavnike, ki otrokom omogočajo razvoj strategij za spoprijemanje s stisko in hkrati opišem, kako lahko isti dejavniki pomenijo tudi tveganje. V tretjem poglavju se osredotočam na psihosocialno podporo in pomoč otrokom beguncem brez spremstva. Najprej predstavim pomen psihosocialne podpore in pomoči in njeno zagotavljanje v Sloveniji, v zadnjem delu teoretičnega dela pa se posvetim vlogi socialnega dela in pristopu, ki temelji na razumevanju travme. V empiričnem delu predstavim raziskavo, ki sem jo izvedla na podlagi pogovorov z zakonitimi zastopnicami otrok brez spremstva. Na začetku raziskave sem si zastavila raziskovalna vprašanja, na katera sem odgovorila na podlagi kvalitativne analize podatkov. Ugotavljala sem, kako restriktivna politika priseljevanja vpliva na travmatizacijo otrok brez spremstva in kaj pri otrocih spodbuja okrevanje od travme. Zanimalo me je tudi, kako zakonite zastopnice vzpostavljajo in ohranjajo zaupen odnos z otroki brez spremstva. Nazadnje me je zanimalo tudi, kakšne spremembe bi prispevale k izboljšanju življenja otrok brez spremstva v Sloveniji. Na koncu diplomskega dela predstavim svoje rezultate in predloge. At the beginning of the theoretical part of the diploma, I first focus on the experience of unaccompanied refugee children and with the help of Slovenian and foreign literature present their reasons for fleeing the homeland, the dangers they face on the way and coming to a new country. I further focus on the rights of unaccompanied refugee children, where I first present international acts that emphasize the rights of children, refugees and also unaccompanied refugee children. I also present the current Slovenian legislation, where the most important are the Foreigners Act and International Protection Act. I dedicate a chapter to trauma among unaccompanied refugee children, where I first present trauma as a cause and effect of migration and responses to trauma. In the following, I focus on recovery from trauma and children's resilience, and present protective factors that enable children to develop strategies for coping with adversity, and at the same time address how the same factors can pose a risk. In the third chapter, I focus on psychosocial support and help to unaccompanied refugee children. First, I present the importance of psychosocial support and help and its provision in Slovenia, and in the last part of the theoretical part of diploma I focus on the role of social work and an trauma-informed care approach. In the empirical part, I present the research I conducted based on conversations with legal representatives of unaccompanied children. At the beginning of the research, I asked myself research questions, which I answered on the basis of qualitative data analysis. I wanted to find out how the restrictive immigration policy affects the traumatization of unaccompanied children and what promotes recovery from trauma in children. I was also interested in how legal representatives establish and maintain a trusting relationship with unaccompanied children. Finally, I was also interested in what changes would contribute to improving the lives of unaccompanied children in Slovenia. At the end of the assignment, I present my results and suggestions.