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Objective: With an ageing population and a rising number of people with chronic conditions and disabilities, pressure ulcers (PUs) are a frequent problem. Prevention and treatment, especially targeted at older people, frail and non-self-sufficient patients, are central to care provided by nurses. The objective of this study is to establish the incidence of PUs in hospital inpatients and identify possible associated risk factors. Method: A clinical observational study was conducted from May to November 2019 in a sample of patients admitted to Azienda Sociosanitaria Ligure 2 in Italy. Clinical and sociodemographic data were collected at admission and at discharge, through a questionnaire or collection card. The analysis was done using SAS 9.4 2017 software. Results: In 7% of the 515 participating patients, PUs occurred during hospitalisation; PUs at stages I and II were predominantly in the coccyx, heels and malleolus. Conclusion: Significant associations were found between the development of lesions and age, certain pathologies, the degree of patient autonomy and the level of skin integrity.

International audience; Overhead work is classified as one of the major risk factors for the onset of shoulder work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) and muscle fatigue. Upper-limb exoskeletons can be used to assist workers during the execution of industrial overhead tasks to prevent such disorders. Twelve novice participants have been equipped with inertial and force/torque sensors to simultaneously estimate the whole-body kinematics and the joint torques (i.e., internal articular stress) by means of a probabilistic estimator while performing an overhead taskwith a pointing tool. An evaluation has been performed to analyze the effect at the whole-body level by considering the conditions of wearing and not-wearing PAEXO, a passive exoskeleton for upper-limb support during overhead work. Results point out that PAEXO provides a reduction of the whole-body joint effort across the experimental task blocks (from 66% to 86%). Moreover, the analysis along with 5 different body areas shows that i) the exoskeleton provides support at the human shoulders by reducing the joint effort at the targeted limbs and ii) that part of theinternal wrenches is intuitively transferred from the upper body to the thighs and legs, which is shown with an increment of the torques at the legs joints. The promising outcomes show that the probabilistic estimation algorithm can be used as a validation metric to quantitatively assess PAEXO performances, paving thus the way for the next challenging milestone, such as the optimization of the human joint torques via adaptive exoskeleton control.

Negli anni che seguirono la chiusura dell’Accademia del Cimento di Firenze, per quanto fino ad oggi emerso, le misure meteorologiche subirono una battuta di arresto, che si protrasse fino ai primi anni del Settecento, quando ripresero con vigore, seppure con marcate differenze nelle diverse aree del Paese. A Lucca, Giovan Stefano Conti (7 marzo 1720-28 marzo 1791) raccolse una serie di misure della pioggia, della pressione atmosferica e della temperatura dell’aria presso il palazzo “alla Pantera” nel Fillungo della città, ininterrottamente dal 23 settembre 1744 fino a pochi giorni dalla morte; nei tre anni successivi le misure furono continuate dal fratello Carlo, per concludersi il 20 luglio 1794. La pioggia, raccolta in un “vaso” con la bocca tarata a “mezzo braccio quadrato fiorentino a panno”, veniva pesata alla fine del mese: le trasformazioni delle unità di misura in uso a Lucca nel Settecento nelle unità decimali corrispondono al valore medio annuale della pioggia di 1.290,2 mm, con valori estremi di 903,2 mm nel 1775 e di 1.843,2 mm nel 1786. Il regime stagionale vide il massimo pluviometrico in autunno (34,4%), seguito dall’inverno (31,5%), dalla primavera (22,6%) e dall’estate (11,5%) (regime sub-mediterraneo). L’andamento delle piogge annuali mostra fasi siccitose, come alla metà degli anni Cinquanta e tra la fine degli anni Ottanta fino al termine delle misure, alternate a periodi umidi, che interessarono la metà degli anni Sessanta e Settanta del Settecento. Nel complesso la tendenza del catalogo è debolmente negativa (-4,8 mm/10 anni). La serie pluviometrica di Giovan Stefano Conti, poiché esente da “disomogeneità non climatica”, è idonea a rappresentare i caratteri della piovosità della seconda metà del Settecento nella città di Lucca. Costituisce un documento meteorologico di grande rilievo, sia per l’eccellente stato di conservazione del manoscritto, sia per la cura con cui fu redatto, ma soprattutto per la durata delle misure e delle “osservazioni circa la stagione e stato del tempo”. Può essere utilizzato sia per le comparazioni sincroniche, ad esempio con le piogge rilevate a Camaiore da Pietrantonio Butori nella finestra di sovrapposizione dei due cataloghi tra il 1777 e il 1793, sia per la comparazione diacronica con le piogge rilevate presso l’Orto Botanico di Lucca nell’ultimo cinquantennio. Tali analisi costituiscono un prezioso contributo alle attuali discussioni circa le tendenze della piovosità in Toscana, troppo spesso totalmente prive della necessaria prospettiva storica.

ObjectiveIntercellular communication within pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) dramatically contributes to metastatic processes. The underlying mechanisms are poorly understood, resulting in a lack of targeted therapy to counteract stromal-induced cancer cell aggressiveness. Here, we investigated whether ion channels, which remain understudied in cancer biology, contribute to intercellular communication in PDAC.DesignWe evaluated the effects of conditioned media from patient-derived cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) on electrical features of pancreatic cancer cells (PCC). The molecular mechanisms were deciphered using a combination of electrophysiology, bioinformatics, molecular and biochemistry techniques in cell lines and human samples. An orthotropic mouse model where CAF and PCC were co-injected was used to evaluate tumour growth and metastasis dissemination. Pharmacological studies were carried out in the Pdx1-Cre, Ink4afl/flLSL-KrasG12D(KICpdx1) mouse model.ResultsWe report that the K+channel SK2 expressed in PCC is stimulated by CAF-secreted cues (8.84 vs 2.49 pA/pF) promoting the phosphorylation of the channel through an integrin–epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)–AKT (Protein kinase B) axis. SK2 stimulation sets a positive feedback on the signalling pathway, increasing invasiveness in vitro (threefold) and metastasis formation in vivo. The CAF-dependent formation of the signalling hub associating SK2 and AKT requires the sigma-1 receptor chaperone. The pharmacological targeting of Sig-1R abolished CAF-induced activation of SK2, reduced tumour progression and extended the overall survival in mice (11.7 weeks vs 9.5 weeks).ConclusionWe establish a new paradigm in which an ion channel shifts the activation level of a signalling pathway in response to stromal cues, opening a new therapeutic window targeting the formation of ion channel-dependent signalling hubs.

Data and analysis setup for "Machine Learning of Atomic Dynamics and Statistical Surface Identities in Gold Nanoparticles". The files in this repository are tailored to reproduce precisely the results obtained in our simulations (starting from the data that are present in the zenodo link), so if you want to apply the analysis to your data, you will need to modify the scripts.

Finite elements of class C1 are suitable for the computation of magnetohydrodynamics instabilities in tokamak plasmas. In addition, isoparametric approximations allow for a precise alignment of the mesh with the magnetic field line. Mesh alignment is crucial to achieve axisymmetric equilibria accurately. It is also helpful to deal with the anisotropy nature of magnetized plasma flows. In this numerical framework, several practical simulations are now available. They help to understand better the operation of existing devices and predict the optimal strategies for using the international ITER tokamak under construction. However, a mesh-aligned isoparametric representation suffers from the presence of critical points of the magnetic field (magnetic axis, X-point). We here explore a strategy that combines aligned mesh out of the critical points with non-aligned unstructured mesh in a region containing these points. By this strategy, we can avoid highly stretched elements and the numerical difficulties that come with them. The mesh-aligned interpolation uses bi-cubic Hemite-Bezier polynomials on a structured mesh of curved quadrangular elements. On the other hand, we assume reduced cubic Hsieh-Clough-Tocher finite elements on an unstructured triangular mesh. Both meshes overlap, and the resulting formulation is a coupled discrete problem solved iteratively by a suitable one-level Schwarz algorithm. In this paper, we will focus on the Poisson problem on a two-dimensional bounded regular domain. This elliptic equation is a simplified version of the axisymmetric tokamak equilibrium one at the asymptotic limit of infinite major radius (large aspect ratio).

Extended, steep, and ultra-steep spectrum radio emission in a galaxy cluster is usually associated with recent mergers. Simulations show that radio phoenixes are aged radio galaxy lobes whose emission reactivates when a low Mach shock compresses it. A85 hosts a textbook example of a radio phoenix at about 320 kpc southwest of the cluster center. We present a new high resolution 325 MHz GMRT radio map illustrating this radio phoenix's complex and filamentary structure. The full extent of the radio structure is revealed for the first time from these radio images of A85. Using archival \textit{Chandra} X-ray observations, we applied an automated 2-D shock finder to the X-ray surface brightness and Adaptive Circular Binning (ACB) temperature maps which confirmed a bow shock at the location of the radio phoenix. We also compared the Mach number from the X-ray data with the radio-derived Mach number in the same region using multi-frequency radio observations and find that they are consistent within the 1$\sigma$ error level., Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS (11 Pages, 6 Figures, 4 Tables)

Innovation Districts are rising as the banners of the new urban, economic, and social paradigm and as a solution to the renaissance of inner cities since they expedite the creation and commercialization of new ideas which leverage the city goals and its technologic and economic attributes. The configuration of accurate indicators to measure the degree of achievement of the innovation district goals is one of the main requirements to ensure district proper development. Even when the study of innovation districts is a topic that is increasingly under study, little is still known about the insight, and it is still needed tools that favor their evolution and development. The aim of this paper is two-fold: on the one hand, it seeks to collect and analyze the indicators that have been used in literature to measure the degree of maturity over the course of the 20-year existence of the 22@Barcelona, an area of innovation that transformed an old industrial district into a knowledge-based one. On the other hand, guided by the four dimensions of the Knowledge Base Urban Development theory and the main actors that make up Triple Helix approach, the paper designs a framework of indicators in the four spheres that shape the regeneration of the district, that is, urban, economic, social and governance. As we shall see, a total of 47 indicators are proposed, indicating for each of them: the environment in which it is applied, the main purpose to which it responds, and the main actor with the greatest power of action over it.

Areas of Innovation (AOIs) need urban, economic, social and governance development. Building upon the theories of Triple Helix, Knowledge-Based Urban Development, Clusters of Innovation, and the evolution phases of AOIs, this study presents in a novel way, key performance indicators (KPI) that can be used to track and monitor the progress of an innovation district in distinct phases of development towards the achievement of its goals. Using the Porto Digital Case in Recife, the most awarded project in Brazil underway for 20 years at a Triple Helix hybrid organization Núcleo Gestor do Porto Digital (NGPD), performance indicators are analysed and classified. This yields further understanding of which stage of development they have become operative (from inception to maturity), which dimensions affected (namely, urban, economic, social and governance), and who (Triple Helix agents) has been involved with the major action power over it.

The red blood cell (RBC) pyruvate kinase deficiency (PKD) is the most common recessive congenital defect of glycolytic enzymes associated with non-spherocytic hemolytic anemia. It is a rare hereditary disorder caused by >300 variants in the PKLR gene. This is a retrospective study of 19 patients from different centers from Argentina with confirmed molecular diagnosis of PKD. Clinical follow-up was carried out from birth in most cases. Five consanguineous patients from “gypsy” community, were homozygous for the “PK-Gypsy deletion” (PK-Gd). During the neonatal period they developed anemia with icterus. Transfusion exchange was required in 60%, light therapy in 80%, and RBC transfusion in 80%. During the follow-up iron overload was detected in the 100%, cholecystectomy was indicated in 40%, and splenectomy in 60%. Thirteen cases had 2 missense variants (MS), being the Mediterranean variant (p.Arg486Trp) the more frequent detected (26%).Only 1 patient had a missense-splicing mutation combination. During the neonatal period, 86% had anemia and icterus. Light therapy was required in 78%, transfusion exchange in 21% and RBC transfusion in 64%. During the follow-up iron overload was detected in 57% and splenectomy was indicated in 43%. Transfusions (pre-splenectomy and post-splenectomy) were more required in PK-Gd cases as compared with patients with point mutations (100%/60% vs 71%/29% respectively). Our data indicates a high clinical-therapeutic-molecular heterogeneity in PKD patients with the PK-Gd group presenting the most severe cases.

This chapter presents a novel distributed software infrastructure to enable energy management and simulation of novel control strategies in smart cities. In this context, the following heterogeneous information, describing the different entities in a city, needs to be taken into account to form a unified district information model: internet-of-things (IoT) devices, building information model, system information model, and georeferenced information system. IoT devices are crucial to monitor in (near-) real-time both building energy trends and environmental data. Thus, the proposed solution fulfills the integration and interoperability of such data sources providing also a correlation among them. Such correlation is the key feature to unlock management and simulation of novel energy policies aimed at optimizing the energy usage accounting also for its impact on building comfort. The platform has been deployed in a real-world district and a novel control policy for the heating distribution network has been developed and tested. Finally, experimental results are presented and discussed.

Warm Jupiters are close-in giant planets with relatively large planet-star separations (i.e., $10< a/R_\star, Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures, 1 table; accepted to ApJL

In this paper we consider the problem of allowing a humanoid robot that is subject to a persistent disturbance, in the form of a payload-carrying task, to follow given planned footsteps. To solve this problem, we combine an online nonlinear centroidal Model Predictive Controller - MPC with a contact stable force parametrization. The cost function of the MPC is augmented with terms handling the disturbance and regularizing the parameter. The performance of the resulting controller is validated both in simulations and on the humanoid robot iCub. Finally, the effect of using the parametrization on the computational time of the controller is briefly studied.

This study aimed to evaluate the association between biologic behavior and survival time of dogs with cutaneous mast cell tumor (MCT) with prognostic indicators. This prospective and longitudinal study followed 37 dogs with MCT. We correlated clinical factors (age, gender, time of onset, number of lesions, ulceration, tumor size, lymph node and distant metastasis, recurrence rate, and survival time) with histologic grading, immunohistochemical staining for Ki67 (samples were classified as > 23 or ≤ 23 cells positive cells/5 high-power fields) and tyrosine-protein kinase KIT pattern (cytoplasmic or membranous). The comparison between clinical data and prognostic factors was assessed individually for each variable. Multivariate analysis by logistic regression compared variables to outcome. The survival functions were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. There was a significant correlation between high-grade MCT and occurrence of lymph node and distant metastasis and recurrence (p

Collaborative robots can relief human operators from excessive efforts during payload lifting activities. Modelling the human partner allows the design of safe and efficient collaborative strategies. In this paper, we present a control approach for human-robot collaboration based on human monitoring through whole-body wearable sensors, and interaction modelling through coupled rigid-body dynamics. Moreover, a trajectory advancement strategy is proposed, allowing for online adaptation of the robot trajectory depending on the human motion. The resulting framework allows us to perform payload lifting tasks, taking into account the ergonomic requirements of the agents. Validation has been performed in an experimental scenario using the iCub3 humanoid robot and a human subject sensorized with the iFeel wearable system.

Accurate detection of the cosmological 21-cm global signal requires galactic foreground models that can fit spectra down to $\sim 20$ mK or less, representing a removal of power over nearly six orders of magnitude. Rarely are such models tested to this level, let alone their dependence upon model inputs like sky temperature maps. We therefore test the ability of seven commonly employed foreground models -- including nonlinear and linear forward-models, polynomials, and maximally-smooth polynomials -- to fit realistic simulated mock spectra, as well as their dependence upon model inputs. The mock spectra are synthesized from intrinsic foregrounds with realistic spatial and spectral structure, chromatic beams, horizon profiles, and discrete time-sampling. For a single LST bin spectrum, the nonlinear-forward model with 4 parameters is preferred using a KS-test of the noise-normalized residuals, while the linear forward-model fits well with 6-7 parameters. The polynomials and maximally-smooth polynomials, like those employed by the EDGES and SARAS3 experiments, cannot produce good fits with 5 parameters. However, we find that polynomials with 6 parameters pass the KS-test, although a 9 parameter fit produces the highest p-value. When fitting multiple LST bins simultaneously to decrease overlap with global signal models, we find that the linear forward-model outperforms the nonlinear for 2, 5 and 10 LST bins. In addition, the nonlinear forward-model fails to produce good fits to spectra with 10 LST bins, in contrast to the linear. Importantly, the KS-test consistently identifies best-fit \textit{and} preferred models as opposed to the $\chi^2_{red}$ and Bayesian evidence, especially in cases involving nonlinear models., Comment: 25 pages, 12 figures, submitted to ApJ

Control experiments showing specificity of PLA assay between hERG and β1 integrin

Sig1R promotes hERG- and AKT-dependent FDM-induced cell spreading, VEGF secretion and endothelial transmigration

Sig1R silencing inhibits CRC HCT-116 cell motility

The sigma 1 receptor (Sig1R) is a stress-activated chaperone that regulates ion channels and is associated with pathologic conditions, such as stroke, neurodegenerative diseases, and addiction. Aberrant expression levels of ion channels and Sig1R have been detected in tumors and cancer cells, such as myeloid leukemia and colorectal cancer, but the link between ion channel regulation and Sig1R overexpression during malignancy has not been established. In this study, we found that Sig1R dynamically controls the membrane expression of the human voltage-dependent K+ channel human ether-à-go-go-related gene (hERG) in myeloid leukemia and colorectal cancer cell lines. Sig1R promoted the formation of hERG/β1-integrin signaling complexes upon extracellular matrix stimulation, triggering the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Consequently, the presence of Sig1R in cancer cells increased motility and VEGF secretion. In vivo, Sig1R expression enhanced the aggressiveness of tumor cells by potentiating invasion and angiogenesis, leading to poor survival. Collectively, our findings highlight a novel function for Sig1R in mediating cross-talk between cancer cells and their microenvironment, thus driving oncogenesis by shaping cellular electrical activity in response to extracellular signals. Given the involvement of ion channels in promoting several hallmarks of cancer, our study also offers a potential strategy to therapeutically target ion channel function through Sig1R inhibition. Cancer Res; 76(3); 607–18. ©2015 AACR.

Sig1R is associated to β1 integrin and promotes β1 integrin / hERG association without altering β1 integrin membrane expression

FDM induces a stable increase in hERG current in a Sig1R-dependent manner but does not alter channel maturation

Il presente contributo vuole offrire un aggiornamento sugli ospedalieri antoniani della precettoria generale di Ranverso, sulle loro attività in Val di Susa e sulle loro proprietà sul colle del Piccolo Moncenisio tra XIII e XV secolo. L’indagine si è basata sugli studi finora pubblicati (soprattutto quelli di Italo Ruffino), sui documenti e sugli inventari archivistici, esaminati alla luce delle nuove interpretazioni in materia di storia antoniana e di storia degli ospedali tardomedievali più in generale. Accantonata la teoria di antoniani quali esperti infermieri, è possibile rileggere la storia dell’ospedale di Ranverso come epicentro di un’azienda agricola che si estendeva fino al Moncenisio. L’esame delle fonti scritte, sia coeve che tarde e indirette, ha fatto emergere una problematica gestione dei pascoli non presidiati, e dimostrato che gli stessi antoniani non furono sempre in grado di rivendicare i loro diritti di proprietà o di pascolo a causa della dispersione dei documenti.

International audience; The K + channel activated by the Ca 2+ , KCNN4, has been shown to contribute to red blood cell dehydration in the rare hereditary hemolytic anemia, the dehydrated hereditary stomatocytosis. We report two de novo mutations on KCNN4 , We reported two de novo mutations on KCNN4 , V222L and H340N, characterized at the molecular, cellular and clinical levels. Whereas both mutations were shown to increase the calcium sensitivity of the K + channel, leading to channel opening for lower calcium concentrations compared to WT KCNN4 channel, there was no obvious red blood cell dehydration in patients carrying one or the other mutation. The clinical phenotype was greatly different between carriers of the mutated gene ranging from severe anemia for one patient to a single episode of anemia for the other patient or no documented sign of anemia for the parents who also carried the mutation. These data compared to already published KCNN4 mutations question the role of KCNN4 gain-of-function mutations in hydration status and viability of red blood cells in bloodstream.

Gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) is a limiting health factor for dairy goats, and the integration of the diet with fodder containing condensed tannins (CT) is becoming increasingly important to control GINs. To preliminary evaluate their potential role as part of GIN control in goat breeding, the in vitro anthelmintic efficacy of the CTs of Silvafeed BYPRO (SBP), Silvafeed Q powder (SQ), and sainfoin hay (SH) was evaluated, and the untargeted metabolomics profiling of the selected formulations was performed. CTs were extracted in water and in ethanol, their concentration was determined, and their chemical characterization was conducted using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) coupled to High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS) platform. The in vitro anthelmintic activity of the extracts was evaluated using the Eggs Hatch Test (EHT) and the Larval Migration Inhibition Test (LMIT) using different extract concentrations (150, 300, 600, and 1200 μg/mL). The metabolomic profile of the ethanol extract showed a high number of flavonoids, while the water extract showed higher levels of hydrolysable tannins. The ethanol extracts were effective on both eggs hatching and larvae migration at low concentrations (150 μg/mL) for the three analyzed samples, while the water extracts showed more varied results: SH showed the greatest ovicidal efficacy (concentration 150 μg/mL, %IH = 40.9), while SBP and SQ were more effective against the larvae migration (concentration 600 μg/mL, %LMI = 69.7% and 88%), respectively. The integration of CT-rich fodder into the diet may be considered for the control of GIN infection in goats.

We present the discovery and characterization of HIP 33609 b, a transiting warm brown dwarf orbiting a late B star, discovered by NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite TESS as TOI-588 b. HIP 33609 b is a large (R$_{b}$ = 1.580$_{-0.070}^{+0.074}$ R$_{J}$) brown dwarf on a highly eccentric (e = 0.560$_{-0.031}^{+0.029}$) orbit with a 39-day period. The host star is a bright (V = 7.3 mag), T$_{eff}$ = 10,400$_{-660}^{+800}$ K star with a mass of M$_{*}$ = 2.383$_{-0.095}^{+0.10}$ M$_{\odot}$ and radius of R$_{*}$ = 1.863$_{-0.082}^{+0.087}$ R$_{\odot}$, making it the hottest transiting brown dwarf host star discovered to date. We obtained radial velocity measurements from the CHIRON spectrograph confirming the companion's mass of M$_{b}$ = 68.0$_{-7.1}^{+7.4}$ M$_{J}$ as well as the host star's rotation rate ($vsini_{*} = 55.6 \pm 1.8$ km/s). We also present the discovery of a new comoving group of stars, designated as MELANGE-6, and determine that HIP 33609 is a member. We use a combination of rotation periods and isochrone models fit to the cluster members to estimate an age of 150 $\pm$ 25 Myr. With a measured mass, radius, and age, HIP 33609 b becomes a benchmark for substellar evolutionary models., 16 pages, 5 figures, 4 tables, Submitted to AAS Journals

The Lunar Surface Electromagnetics Explorer 'LuSEE Night' is a low frequency radio astronomy experiment that will be delivered to the farside of the Moon by the NASA Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS) program in late 2025 or early 2026. The payload system is being developed jointly by NASA and the US Department of Energy (DOE) and consists of a 4 channel, 50 MHz Nyquist baseband receiver system and 2 orthogonal $\sim$6m tip-to-tip electric dipole antennas. LuSEE Night will enjoy standalone operations through the lunar night, without the electromagnetic interference (EMI) of an operating lander system and antipodal to our noisy home planet., Comment: summary paper submitted to URSI GASS 2023

We present a Bayesian analysis of data from the FIELDS instrument on board the Parker Solar Probe (PSP) spacecraft with the aim of constraining low frequency ($\lesssim$ 6 MHz) sky in preparation for several upcoming lunar-based experiments. We utilize data recorded during PSP's ``coning roll'' maneuvers, in which the axis of the spacecraft is pointed 45$^{\circ}$ off of the Sun. The spacecraft then rotates about a line between the Sun and the spacecraft with a period of 24 minutes. We reduce the data into two formats: roll-averaged, in which the spectra are averaged over the roll, and phase-binned, in which the spectra are binned according to the phase of the roll. We construct a forward model of the FIELDS observations that includes numerical simulations of the antenna beam, an analytic emissivity function of the galaxy, and estimates of the absorption due to free electrons. Fitting 5 parameters, we find that the roll-averaged data can be fit well by this model and we obtain posterior parameter constraints that are in general agreement with previous estimates. The model is not, however, able to fit the phase-binned data well, likely due to limitations such as the lack of non-smooth emission structure at both small and large scales, enforced symmetry between the northern and southern galactic hemispheres, and large uncertainties in the free electron density. This suggests that significant improvement in the low frequency sky model is needed in order to fully and accurately represent the sky at frequencies below 6 MHz., Comment: 18 pages, 10 figures, 5 tables. Under review in the Astrophysical Journal

Resumen: Se aborda la cuestión del pensamiento formal, un tema piagetiano que no ha perdido vigencia. Los objetivos del trabajo son: (a) Estudiar las propiedades psicométricas de un instrumento para la evaluación del desempeño operatorio formal elaborado ad hoc a partir de los test de Longeot (TOFLP) y de Flexer y Roberge (FORT); (b) Verificar el orden de adquisición de las operaciones formales evaluadas en el instrumento propuesto. Un análisis escalográfico de los ítems (técnica de Guttman) muestra que los índices de consistencia y reproducibilidad son satisfactorios y que la secuencia de logros y nivel de dificultad de cada ítem se ajustan a la teoría piagetiana. Se prueba la validez y consistencia del instrumento. Abstract: The issue of formal thought is addressed, a Piagetian theme that has not lost its validity. The objectives of this work are: (a) To study the psychometric properties of an instrument for the evaluation of formal operative performance elaborated ad hoc from the Longeot (TOFLP) and Flexer and Roberge (FORT) tests; (b) Verify the order of acquisition of the formal operations evaluated in the proposed instrument. A scalographic analysis of the items (Guttman technique) shows that the consistency and reproducibility indices are satisfactory and that the sequence of achievements and level of difficulty of each item conform to Piagetian theory. The validity and consistency of the instrument is tested.

Jean-Robert Chouet è noto per aver introdotto la filosofia cartesiana dapprima all’accademia di Saumur e poi a quella di Ginevra. Questo articolo va invece ad indagare la sua attività scientifica attraverso l’analisi del manoscritto inedito intitolato Expériences sur la nature et les effets du venin des vipères (1671). Affidandosi alla sperimentazione per prendere posizione sulla vivace querelle che vide contrapposti Francesco Redi e Moyse Charas, Chouet mostra di riconoscere il ruolo importante svolto dall’esperienza accanto alla ragione nelle indagini di filosofia naturale. Sebbene risulterebbe scorretto paragonarlo ad un empirista radicale come Redi, Chouet può certamente essere avvicinato a Jacques Rohault per la sua tendenza a combinare ragionamento e osservazione.

Many molecular systems and physical phenomena are controlled by local fluctuations and microscopic dynamical rearrangements of the constitutive interacting units that are often difficult to detect. This is the case, for example, of phase transitions, phase equilibria, nucleation events, and defect propagation, to mention a few. A detailed comprehension of local atomic environments and of their dynamic rearrangements is essential to understand such phenomena, and also to draw structure-property relationships useful to unveil how to control complex molecular systems. Considerable progresses in the development of advanced high-dimensional structural descriptors (e.g., Smooth Overlap of Atomic Position (SOAP), etc.) have certainly enhanced the representation of atomic-scale simulations data. However, despite such efforts, local dynamic environment rearrangements remain still difficult to elucidate. Here, exploiting the structural-rich description of atomic environments of SOAP and building on the concept of time-dependent local variations, we developed a time-dependent SOAP-based descriptor, TimeSOAP (tSOAP), which essentially tracks the time variations in the local SOAP environments surrounding each molecule (i.e., each SOAP center) in complex molecular systems along ensemble trajectories. We demonstrate how analysis of the time-series {tSOAP data and of their time-derivatives allows detecting dynamics domains and tracking instantaneous changes of local atomic arrangements (i.e., local fluctuations) in a variety of molecular systems. The approach is simple and general, and we expect will help to shed light on a variety of complex dynamical phenomena., Comment: 20 pages, 9 figures

This paper offers a focused analysis of Cristina Redondo’s latest book, Positivismo jurídico “interno.” I first point out the lack of a discussion regarding what a participant (of the legal practice) is. I then emphasize that Redondo’s distinctions between the internal and external points of view, which she offers in order to shape her favoured form of positivistic metatheory, are incompatible with an expressivistic rendition of first-order legal language. Since what constitutes the best rendition of first-order legal language is a controversial theoretical matter, a metatheoretical framework would be, in principle, preferable to others since it does not prejudge such a matter. Finally, I suggest an alternative strategy to arrive at a metatheoretical model similar to Redondo’s, but which does not incur that particular problem. Notranji pravni pozitivizem: ‘hura’, ‘bu’, ‘eh …’? Avtor kritično analizira del argumentov iz nedavne monografije »Positivismo jurídico ‘interno’« Cristine Redondo. Osredotoča se na umanjkanje razprave o tem, kdo je udeleženec (pravne prakse). Obenem izpostavi, da je razlikovanje med notranjim in zunanjim pogledom, ki ga avtorica monografije uporabi z namenom oblikovanja njej ljube oblike pozitivistične metateorije, neskladno z ekspresivistično predstavitvijo pravnega jezika prvega reda. Glede na to, da je najboljša predstavitev pravnega jezika prvega reda sporno teoretično vprašanje, bi bil meta-teoretičen okvir načeloma bolj primeren, saj se do tovrstnih vprašanj ne opredeljuje vnaprej. Končno ponudi alternativno strategijo, ki lahko vodi do metateoretičnega modela, ki je podoben avtoričinemu, a ne zaide v prej omenjeni probem.

We consider the axisymmetric formulation of the equilibrium problemfor a hot plasma in a tokamak. We adopt a non-overlapping mortar element approach, that couples C0 piece-wise linear Lagrange finite elements in a region thatdoes not contain the plasma and C1 piece-wise cubic reduced Hsieh-Clough-Tocherfinite elements elsewhere, to approximate the magnetic flux field on a triangularmesh of the poloidal tokamak section. The inclusion of ferromagnetic parts is sim-plified by assuming that they fit within the axisymmetric modeling and a newformulation of the Newton algorithm for the problem solution is stated.

We present updated cosmological constraints from measurements of the gas mass fractions ($f_{gas}$) of massive, dynamically relaxed galaxy clusters. Our new data set has greater leverage on models of dark energy, thanks to the addition of the Perseus Cluster at low redshifts, two new clusters at redshifts $z>0.97$, and significantly longer observations of four clusters at $0.6, Comment: To be published in MNRAS. See https://github.com/abmantz/fgas-cosmo for code and https://github.com/abmantz/fgas-2021-paper for data presented in figures/tables

Review a: Per terra e per mare. Poesie per chi è in cerca di rifugio. 2020. Kathleen Bell e altri (a cura di). Traduzione e postfazione di Pietro Deandrea. CivicLeicester, 148 pp.

En el número XIV de Discusiones se produjo un debate acerca del rol de los hechos sociales como fundamento ontológico de la práctica jurídica. En las líneas que siguen intentaré reconstruir los elementos centrales de aquel debate sometiéndolos a escrutinio crítico y, sobre todo, intentaré poner en relación las cuestiones allí discutidas con algunos avances que se han dado en la literatura especializada con posterioridad. De esta manera, la finalidad principal del trabajo es la de sugerir algunas vías con las cuales continuar y profundizar la discusión sobre el tema.

It is known that metal nanoparticles (NPs) may be dynamic and atoms may move within them even at fairly low temperatures. Characterizing such complex dynamics is key for understanding NPs’ properties in realistic regimes, but detailed information on, e.g., the stability, survival, and interconversion rates of the atomic environments (AEs) populating them are non-trivial to attain. Here we show a machine learning approach that allows us to reconstruct the complex atomic dynamics of metal NPs from high-dimensional data extracted from molecular dynamics simulations. Using different-shape gold NPs as a representative example, an AEs’ dictionary allows us to label step-by-step the individual atoms in the NPs, identifying the native and non-native AEs and populating them along the MD simulations at various temperatures. Tracking the emergence, annihilation, lifetime, and dynamic interconversion of the AEs, our approach permits estimating a “statistical equivalent identity” for metal NPs based on the intrinsic atomic dynamics present within them.

It is well known that Lagrange interpolation based on equispaced nodes can yield poor results. Oscillations may appear when using high degree polynomials. For functions of one variable, the most celebrated example has been provided by Carl Runge in 1901, who showed that higher degrees do not always improve interpolation accuracy. His example was then extended to multivariate calculus and in this work we show that it is meaningful, in an appropriate sense, also for Whitney edge elements, namely for differential 1-forms.

We present results from \textit{Chandra} X-ray observations and 325 MHz Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) observations of the massive and X-ray luminous cluster of galaxies Abell S1063. We report the detection of large-scale \lq\lq excess brightness\rq\rq\ in the residual \textit{Chandra} X-ray surface brightness map, which extends at least 2.7 Mpc towards the north-east from the center of the cluster. We also present a high fidelity X-ray flux and temperature map using \textit{Chandra} archival data of 122 ksec, which shows the disturbed morphology in the cluster. The residual flux map shows the first observational confirmation of the merging axis proposed by earlier simulation by \citet{Gomez2012AJ....144...79G}. The average temperature within $R_{500}$ is $11.7 \pm 0.56$ keV, which makes AS1063 one of the hottest clusters in the nearby Universe. The integrated radio flux density at 325 MHz is found to be $62.0\pm6.3$ mJy. The integrated spectrum of the radio halo follows a power-law with a spectral index $\alpha=-1.43\pm 0.13$. The radio halo is found to be significantly under-luminous, which favored for both the hadronic as well as the turbulent re-acceleration mechanism for its origin., Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS (12 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables)

En este trabajo, en vez de objetar tal o cual punto, aceptaré la invitación provista por la gran claridad de su exposición del campo de batalla de las posibles tesis sobre la coherencia en el derecho y trataré de desarrollar dos puntos, ambos relacionados con el razonamiento acerca de normas: a) ¿Qué sería la base explicativa de la coherencia en el derecho y cuán conservadores deberíamos ser respecto de ella? b) ¿Cuáles son las operaciones lógicas en la explicación constructiva de la base?