1. Behavioral responses of terrestrial mammals to COVID-19 lockdowns
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Tucker, Marlee A., Schipper, Aafke M., Adams, Tempe S. F., Attias, Nina, Avgar, Tal, Babic, Natarsha L., Barker, Kristin J., Bastille-Rousseau, Guillaume, Behr, Dominik M., Belant, Jerrold L., Beyer, Dean E., Blaum, Niels, Blount, J. David, Bockmühl, Dirk, Pires Boulhosa, Ricardo Luiz, Brown, Michael B., Buuveibaatar, Bayarbaatar, Cagnacci, Francesca, Calabrese, Justin M., Černe, Rok, Chamaillé-Jammes, Simon, Chan, Aung Nyein, Chase, Michael J., Chaval, Yannick, Chenaux-Ibrahim, Yvette, Cherry, Seth G., Ćirović, Duško, Çoban, Emrah, Cole, Eric K., Conlee, Laura, Courtemanch, Alyson, Cozzi, Gabriele, Davidson, Sarah C., DeBloois, Darren, Dejid, Nandintsetseg, DeNicola, Vickie, Desbiez, Arnaud L. J., Douglas-Hamilton, Iain, Drake, David, Egan, Michael, Eikelboom, Jasper A.J., Fagan, William F., Farmer, Morgan J., Fennessy, Julian, Finnegan, Shannon P., Fleming, Christen H., Fournier, Bonnie, Fowler, Nicholas L., Gantchoff, Mariela G., Garnier, Alexandre, Gehr, Benedikt, Geremia, Chris, Goheen, Jacob R., Hauptfleisch, Morgan L., Hebblewhite, Mark, Heim, Morten, Hertel, Anne G., Heurich, Marco, Hewison, A. J. Mark, Hodson, James, Hoffman, Nicholas, Hopcraft, J. Grant C., Huber, Djuro, Isaac, Edmund J., Janik, Karolina, Ježek, Miloš, Johansson, Örjan, Jordan, Neil R., Kaczensky, Petra, Kamaru, Douglas N., Kauffman, Matthew J., Kautz, Todd M., Kays, Roland, Kelly, Allicia P., Kindberg, Jonas, Krofel, Miha, Kusak, Josip, Lamb, Clayton T., LaSharr, Tayler N., Leimgruber, Peter, Leitner, Horst, Lierz, Michael, Linnell, John D.C., Lkhagvaja, Purevjav, Long, Ryan A., López-Bao, José Vicente, Loretto, Matthias-Claudio, Marchand, Pascal, Martin, Hans, Martinez, Lindsay A., McBride, Roy T., McLaren, Ashley A.D., Meisingset, Erling, Melzheimer, Joerg, Merrill, Evelyn H., Middleton, Arthur D., Monteith, Kevin L., Moore, Seth A., Van Moorter, Bram, Morellet, Nicolas, Morrison, Thomas, Müller, Rebekka, Mysterud, Atle, Noonan, Michael J, O’Connor, David, Olson, Daniel, Olson, Kirk A., Ortega, Anna C., Ossi, Federico, Panzacchi, Manuela, Patchett, Robert, Patterson, Brent R., de Paula, Rogerio Cunha, Payne, John, Peters, Wibke, Petroelje, Tyler R., Pitcher, Benjamin J., Pokorny, Boštjan, Poole, Kim, Potočnik, Hubert, Poulin, Marie-Pier, Pringle, Robert M., Prins, Herbert H.T., Ranc, Nathan, Reljić, Slaven, Robb, Benjamin, Röder, Ralf, Rolandsen, Christer M., Rutz, Christian, Salemgareyev, Albert R., Samelius, Gustaf, Sayine-Crawford, Heather, Schooler, Sarah, Şekercioğlu, Çağan H., Selva, Nuria, Semenzato, Paola, Sergiel, Agnieszka, Sharma, Koustubh, Shawler, Avery L., Signer, Johannes, Silovský, Václav, Silva, João Paulo, Simon, Richard, Smiley, Rachel A., Smith, Douglas W., Solberg, Erling J., Ellis-Soto, Diego, Spiegel, Orr, Stabach, Jared, Stacy-Dawes, Jenna, Stahler, Daniel R., Stephenson, John, Stewart, Cheyenne, Strand, Olav, Sunde, Peter, Svoboda, Nathan J., Swart, Jonathan, Thompson, Jeffrey J., Toal, Katrina L., Uiseb, Kenneth, VanAcker, Meredith C., Velilla, Marianela, Verzuh, Tana L., Wachter, Bettina, Wagler, Brittany L., Whittington, Jesse, Wikelski, Martin, Wilmers, Christopher C., Wittemyer, George, Young, Julie K., Zięba, Filip, Zwijacz-Kozica, Tomasz, Huijbregts, Mark A. J., Mueller, Thomas, National Geographic Society, University of St Andrews. School of Biology, University of St Andrews. Centre for Biological Diversity, University of St Andrews. Institute of Behavioural and Neural Sciences, and University of St Andrews. Centre for Social Learning & Cognitive Evolution
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MCC ,QL ,Settore BIO/07 - ECOLOGIA ,DAS ,QL Zoology ,AC - Abstract
Funding: This article is a contribution of the COVID-19 Bio-Logging Initiative, which is funded in part by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (GBMF9881) and the National Geographic Society (NGS-82515R-20) (both grants to C.R.). COVID-19 lockdowns in early 2020 reduced human mobility, providing an opportunity to disentangle its effects on animals from those of landscape modifications. Using GPS data, we compared movements and road avoidance of 2300 terrestrial mammals (43 species) during the lockdowns to the same period in 2019. Individual responses were variable with no change in average movements or road avoidance behavior, likely due to variable lockdown conditions. However, under strict lockdowns 10-day 95th percentile displacements increased by 73%, suggesting increased landscape permeability. Animals’ 1-hour 95th percentile displacements declined by 12% and animals were 36% closer to roads in areas of high human footprint, indicating reduced avoidance during lockdowns. Overall, lockdowns rapidly altered some spatial behaviors, highlighting variable but substantial impacts of human mobility on wildlife worldwide. Postprint
- Published
- 2023