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The ECN3 Beam Delivery Task Force was mandated by the PBC Study Group to assess the technical feasibility of increasing the proton beam intensity to the ECN3 hall of the North Area to satisfy the demands of a compelling set of PBC experimental physics proposals. This report summarises the findings of the Task Force that converge on a technically feasible solution with an implementation timeline that could exploit and build upon the investment already foreseen as part of Phase 1 of the NA-CONS project, and take the SPS complex into a new intensity frontier for Fixed Target physics in Run4.

The density of states (DOS) is fundamentally important for understanding physical processes in organic disordered semiconductors, yet hard to determine experimentally. We evaluated the DOS by considering recombination via tail states and using the temperature and open-circuit voltage ($V_\mathrm{oc}$) dependence of the ideality factor in organic solar cells. By performing Suns-$V_\mathrm{oc}$ measurements, we find that gaussian and exponential distributions describe the DOS only at a given quasi-Fermi level splitting. The DOS width increases linearly with the DOS depth, revealing the power-law DOS in these materials., 5 pages, 3 figures

Most adversarial attack methods that are designed to deceive a text classifier change the text classifier's prediction by modifying a few words or characters. Few try to attack classifiers by rewriting a whole sentence, due to the difficulties inherent in sentence-level rephrasing as well as the problem of setting the criteria for legitimate rewriting. In this paper, we explore the problem of creating adversarial examples with sentence-level rewriting. We design a new sampling method, named ParaphraseSampler, to efficiently rewrite the original sentence in multiple ways. Then we propose a new criteria for modification, called a sentence-level threaten model. This criteria allows for both word- and sentence-level changes, and can be adjusted independently in two dimensions: semantic similarity and grammatical quality. Experimental results show that many of these rewritten sentences are misclassified by the classifier. On all 6 datasets, our ParaphraseSampler achieves a better attack success rate than our baseline., Please see an updated version of this paper at arXiv:2104.08453

Capsule The first European Bird Census Council (EBCC) Atlas of European Breeding Birds has been widely used in scientific publications. Aims To quantify how scientific publications have used data from the first European Bird Census Council (EBCC) Atlas of European Breeding Birds, what the topics of these studies have been, and to identify key aspects in which a second European Breeding Bird Atlas will provide new opportunities for basic and applied science. Methods We searched Google Scholar to find papers published in scientific journals that cited the first atlas. We analysed the contents of a random selection of 100 papers citing this atlas and described the way these papers used information from it. Results The first atlas has been cited in 3150 scientific publications, and can be regarded as a fundamental reference for studies about birds in Europe. It was extensively used as a key reference for the studied bird species. A substantial number of papers re-analysed atlas data to derive new information on species distribution, ecological traits and population sizes. Distribution and ecology were the most frequent topics of studies referring to the atlas, but this source of information was used in a diverse range of studies. In this context, climate change, impact of agriculture and habitat loss were, by order, the most frequently studied environmental pressures. Constraints in the atlas, such as the poor coverage in the east of Europe, the lack of information on distribution change and the coarse resolution were identified as issues limiting the use of the atlas for some purposes. Conclusions This study demonstrates the scientific value of European-wide breeding bird atlases. A second atlas, with its almost complete coverage across Europe, the incorporation of changes in distribution between the two atlases and the inclusion of modelled maps at a resolution of 10 x 10 km will certainly become a key data source and reference for researchers in the near future.

Background: The heart rate variability (HRV) analysis is a well-known method demonstrating its value over the years in different medical fields. However,it still has its known limitations. Material and methods: The new approach to HRV analysis is based on a complementary HRV standard analysis with new cardiophysiological biomarkers.The biomarkers are assessed on cardiorhythmograms obtained by a 5-minute ECG recording using a specialized hardware (Polyspectrum-HRV-device,Neurosoft). Results: A possible applicative value of the biomarkers is shown on examples of how a prognosis for recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AFib) could be made.When in a rest-state cardiorhythmogram are observed LF drops and are followed by a pathological counterregulation, prognostically, recurrence of atrialfibrillation is expected. When in a cardiorhythmogram LF drops are observed and are followed by a physiological counterregulation, prognostically, sinusrhythm is expected. Physiological background of the biomarkers: increased central modulation of the heart in rest state of a patient, a sympathetic overflowof the heart in calm state and insufficiency of compensatory parasymphatetic counteractivation. Limitations of the paper: this is a methodological paperwithout description of patients. This paper will be followed by a clinical paper in which we are going to describe the validation of these cardiophysiologicalbiomarkers on patients with AFib. Conclusions: Complementary to the standard HRV analysis, cardiophysiological biomarkers should be assessed: LF drops and HF counterregulationcould be used for prognosis construction in cardiology.

The well known organic semiconductor C60 is attracting renewed attention due to its centimeter-long electron diffusion length and high performance of solar cells containing 95% fullerene, yet its photophysical properties remain poorly understood. We elucidate the dynamics of Frenkel and intermolecular (inter-C60) charge-transfer (CT) excitons in neat and diluted C60 films from high-quality femtosecond transient absorption (TA) measurements performed at low fluences and free from oxygen or pump-induced photodimerization. We find from preferential excitation of either species that the CT excitons give rise to a strong electro-absorption (EA) signal but are extremely short-lived. The Frenkel exciton relaxation and triplet yield strongly depend on the C60 aggregation. Finally, TA measurements on full devices with applied electric field allow us to optically monitor the dissociation of CT excitons into free charges for the first time and to demonstrate the influence of cluster size on the spectral signature of the C60 anion.

El presente proyecto se ha desarrollado con la finalidad de efectuar un aporte técnico–científico para contribuir a resolver un problema de vialidad local, que al ser ejecutado permitirá contar con un tramo carretero que coadyuvará al desarrollo socioeconómico de la población beneficiada. Este proyecto se ha desarrollado aplicando sobre el terreno las teorías, investigaciones y normas existentes de topografía, mecánica de suelos, impacto ambiental, hidrología, morteros y otros afines; que han permitido, en conjunto, contar con el proyecto definitivo del tramo carretero ya nombrado. Los Centros Poblados ubicados en el Departamento de Loreto, Provincia de Alto Amazonas, Distrito de Yurimaguas carecen de caminos vecinales, y si los tienen, no presentan las condiciones de transitabilidad adecuada (caminos vecinales afirmados y obras de arte), que permitan al agricultor el traslado de su producción en cualquier época del año, disminuyendo las pérdidas por transporte y elevando sus niveles de ingreso por la comercialización eficiente de sus productos. Ante tal realidad de la región, se debe tomar conciencia de la necesidad de contar con caminos vecinales operativos, ya que esto alentará al productor a ampliar su frontera agrícola, y elevar su oferta de productos agropecuarios a los grandes mercados de Yurimaguas, Tarapoto e Iquitos, mejorando sus ingresos y su nivel de vida. El presente proyecto comprende el mejoramiento de 7,000.00 metros de camino vecinal desde Achual Limón hasta el Km. 7+000. El tipo de afirmado según el laboratorio de suelos es la siguiente dosificación: 75% Hormigón Grava Cantera Papaplaya (Rio Huallaga) y 25% Ligante Cantera Trancayacu Km. 7+200 tramo Yurimaguas - Munichis y el periodo de diseño es de 10 años, con un mantenimiento periódico. Así mismo se ha considerado el revestimiento con mortero F’c= 175 kg/cm2 en cunetas incluido encofrado y juntas asfálticas de 1” de espesor; la instalación de (01) alcantarillas tipo TMC de 36” de diámetro, (16) alcantarillas tipo TMC de 48” de diámetro, (03) alcantarillas tipo TMC de 72” de diámetro, (01) alcantarilla de alivio de 0.80m x 0.80m y la construcción de 01 Pontón de 5 ml. The present project has been developed with the purpose of making a technical-scientific contribution to help solve a problem of local roads, which when executed will allow a road section that will contribute to the socioeconomic development of the beneficiary population. This project has been developed applying in the field the theories, investigations and existing rules of topography, soil mechanics, environmental impact, hydrology, mortars and other related; that have allowed, as a whole, to have the final project of the road section already named. The Populated Centers located in the Department of Loreto, Province of Alto Amazonas, District of Yurimaguas lack local roads, and if they do, they do not have the conditions of adequate passability (local roads and works of art) that allow the farmer to transfer of its production at any time of the year, reducing transport losses and raising its income levels by the efficient marketing of its products. Faced with this reality of the region, it should be aware of the need to have operational roads, as this will encourage the producer to expand its agricultural frontier, and increase its supply of agricultural products to the large markets of Yurimaguas, Tarapoto and Iquitos, improving your income and your standard of living. This project includes the improvement of 7,000.00 meters of road from Achual Limón to Km. 7 + 000. The type of soil tested according to the laboratory is the following dosage: 75% Concrete Gravel Cantera Papaplaya (Rio Huallaga) and 25% Binder Cantera Trancayacu Km. 7 + 200 section Yurimaguas - Munichis and the design period is 10 years, with a periodic maintenance. Likewise, the lining with mortar F'c = 175 kg / cm2 has been considered in gutters including formwork and 1 "thick asphalt joints; the installation of (01) TMC type culverts of 36 "diameter, (16) culverts TMC type of 48" diameter, (03) culverts TMC type of 72 "diameter, (01) relief culvert of 0.80mx 0.80m the construction of 01 Pontoon of 5 ml.

This work aims to analyze recent Brazilian literature on innovation in the search for studies related to the United Nations’ ninth Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure: "build resilient infrastructure, promote sustainable industrialization and foster innovation’. The theoretical framework on innovation is based on classic authors from the field such as Freeman (1995); Lundvall (1985, 1996, 2009); Hippel (2007); Nelson and Winter (2002); Srivas and Sutz (2008). The paper is developed as a literature review with acomparative study to analyze data collected from a Brazilian journal on business and innovation: Revista de Administração e Inovação (RAI). Due to the topicality of the subject, the period between 2014 -2015 was chosen for the sample. During this time, 73 articles were published in five numbers of RAI. Among them, 48 articles were selected according to the established criteria to determine the identification with the theme of SDG9 Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure. These 48 articles were stratified and analyzed. The results indicate the need to stimulate research in the area of innovation in line with SDG9 approach.

RESUMEN En este artículo se describe y se aplica el método de Rietveld para el refinamiento de dos estructuras cristalinas, tantalato de itrio (YTaO4) y tantalato de niobio (YNbO4). Estas estructuras se doparon con iones Eu3+ (Europio) y Tb3+ (Terbio) usando el método de reacción de estado sólido. Posteriormente fueron refinadas y comparadas con las estructuras sin dopaje. La morfología de los granos del YTaO4 y YNbO4 se estudiaron mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido y las estructuras fueron caracterizadas por difracción de rayos X (DRX). Se demuestra que la incorporación de los iones (Eu3+ y Tb3+) no cambia el tipo de estructura de estos fósforos, sino que aumenta el volumen de la celda unitaria de acuerdo a la ley de Vegard. Además, se simula la estructura cristalina de ambos fósforos mediante el software libre Balls & Sticks. ABSTRACT This article describes and applies the Rietveld method for the refinement of two different crystalline structures, yttrium tantalate (YTaO4) and yttrium niobate (YNbO4). These structures were doped with Eu3+ (Europium) and Tb3+ (Terbium) ions using the solid state reaction method. Subsequently, they were refined and compared with the structures without doping. The grain morphology of YTaO4 and YNbO4 were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy. The incorporation of ions (Eu3+ and Tb3+) does not change the crystalline structure, but rather, increases the volume of the unit cell, according to Vegard's law. Moreover, from the crystallographic data the crystalline structure of the phosphors is simulated using free software Balls & Sticks.

There are two possible mechanisms to imprint planet signatures in the chemical composition of Sun-like stars: i) dust condensation at the early stages of planet formation, causing a depletion of refractory elements in the gas accreted by the star in the late stages of its formation; ii) planet engulfment, enriching the host star in lithium and refractory elements. We discuss both planet signatures, the influence of galactic chemical evolution, and the importance of binaries composed of stellar twins as laboratories to verify abundance anomalies imprinted by planets., Comment: The 19th Cambridge Workshop on Cool Stars, Stellar Systems, and the Sun. Edited by G. A. Feiden

Esta monografía nace a partir de la necesidad de fortalecer los programas académicos de la institución educativa para el trabajo y el desarrollo humano Instituto ENE Audio a través del refuerzo del conocimiento de los estudiantes en cuanto a temáticas de apreciación musical se refiere, las cuáles son de importancia para el perfil profesional de los futuros egresados de la institución y en las que se evidencian falencias. De igual forma, busca fomentar el uso del sistema para la gestión del aprendizaje implementado en la institución y cuyas herramientas son en su mayoría desconocidas por los estudiantes. Todo lo anterior soportado e integrado en un modelo de enseñanza/aprendizaje híbrido (Blended Learning), para de esta forma proporcionar a su vez un acercamiento a este tipo de modelos así como a herramientas ofrecidas por las TIC para la búsqueda y gestión de la información, una experiencia que de manera implícita procura motivar al estudiante al desarrollo de su propio ambiente personal de aprendizaje (PLE, por sus siglas en inglés).

El sistema de generación de citas “SISMED” está enfocado al SISBEN puesto que este aún no tiene un sistema automatizado de generación de citas médicas a través de internet, su objetivo es presentar a los usuarios del SISBEN un sistema que les permita generar citas médicas mediante internet, este desarrollo se trabajará en la metodología RUP utilizando las iteraciones en espiral en sus respectivos ciclos enfocando las dos primeras fases del trabajo completo de RUP que corresponden a las etapas de inicio y elaboración, cada una de estas permite desglosar el sistema y permite tener una visión general de la funcionalidad de este ante el cliente. El proyecto se presentará en dos vistas generales, la vista estructural y la funcional, estas se trabajaran mediante UML mediante diseños estáticos y dinámicos que más adelante explicaremos.

We present absolute trigonometric parallaxes and relative proper motions for three members of the Pleiades star cluster, obtained with HST's Fine Guidance Sensor 1r, a white-light interferometer. We estimate spectral types and luminosity classes of the stars comprising the astrometric reference frame from R \approx 2,000 spectra, VJHK photometry, and reduced proper motions. From these we derive estimates of absolute parallaxes and introduce them into our model as observations with error. We constrain the three cluster members to have a 1 sigma dispersion in distance less than 6.4 pc, and find an average pi_{abs}=7.43+-0.17+-0.20 milliseconds of arc, where the second error is systematic due to member placement within the cluster. This parallax corresponds to a distance of 134.6+-3.1 pc or a distance modulus of (m-M)=5.65+-0.05 for these three Pleiads, presuming a central location. This result agrees with three other independent determinations of the Pleiades distance. Presuming that the cluster depth systematic error can be significantly reduced because of the random placement of these many members within the cluster, these four independent measures yield a best-estimate Pleiades distance of pi_{abs}=7.49+-0.07 milliseconds of arc, corresponding to a distance of 133.5+-1.2 pc or a distance modulus of (m-M)=5.63+-0.02. This resolves the dispute between the main sequence fitting and the Hipparcos distance moduli in favor of main sequence fitting., 9 pages, 10 tables, 6 figures; AJ in press (March 2005 issue)

We analyze twenty five nearby metal-rich G and late-F dwarfs in order to verify whether the spectroscopic equilibrium (LTE) of iron lines satisfy the observational constraints imposed by the Infrared Flux Method (angular diameters) and Hipparcos parallaxes. The atmospheric parameters derived from iron lines (assuming LTE and employing 1D Kurucz model atmospheres) do not satisfy simultaneously both observational constraints, probably because classical modeling fails to reproduce the detailed line formation of FeI lines., Comment: Proceedings, Cosmic Abundances as Records of Stellar Evolution and Nucleosynthesis, in honor of Dr. David Lambert's 65th birthday, June 17-19, 2004. ASP Conference Series. Edited by F. N. Bash & T. G. Barnes

We have used the infrared flux method (IRFM) temperatures of a large sample of late type dwarfs given by Alonso et al. (1996a) to calibrate empirically the relations Teff = f (colour, [Fe/H]) for the Vilnius, Geneva, RI(C) and DDO photometric systems. The resulting temperature scale and intrinsic colour-colour diagrams for these systems are also obtained. From this scale, the solar colours are derived and compared with those of the solar twin 18 Sco. Since our work is based on the same Teff and [Fe/H] values used by Alonso et al. (1996b) to calibrate other colours, we now have an homogeneous calibration for a large set of photometric systems., 15 pages, LaTeX2e (aa.cls style), 16 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A

Since the late 1970s, the BirdLife Partnership has been working collectively to identify, document and protect places on the Earth with the greatest significance for the conservation of the world’s birds. As a result, over 13,000 Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBAs) have been identified. However, we lack comprehensive monitoring of the condition of these sites, with an increasing number of IBAs under threat from damaging development – the majority of which appears to be poorly planned and does not take environmental values into account. Sites face a wide range of problems, which require an equally wide range of solutions. To address this problem, Natura Alert has been developed within the Horizon 2020-funded LandSense Citizen Observatory project. Natura Alert is a mobile app and web portal that allows users to pinpoint the location of threats to biodiversity and habitat changes, to prevent the further damage or loss to our biodiversity. We are particularly interested in threats that are occurring inside IBAs, Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) and Natura 2000 sites in the European Union, although submitting records in other areas is also possible. Information on the condition of these sites, the threats to them, the conservation measures in place and the changes in these aspects over time are essential to set priorities, hold governments to account and inform policies and decision-makers. Volunteers can share their observations with the wider community and help to map the state of our most valuable sites around the world. They can download our mobile app to quickly record their observations in the field or use the web app to discover more functionalities, such as visualizing reports from other users, creating dashboards per country and downloading their own reports. Natura Alert is being tested in Spain and Indonesia, thanks to the volunteer network of two BirdLife partners: SEO/BirdLife and Burung. While the Spanish volunteers are focusing on threats to birds and habitats within IBAs and Natura 2000 sites, the Indonesian communities are validating alerts from satellite-image analysis for forest change on Flores island. Citizen observations trigger real-time alerts to national and regional IBA/KBA coordinators at BirdLife International, who will ensure that the data are of high quality and produce regional and global monitoring assessments that could help monitor the indicators of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). Also, researchers and practitioners around the globe can benefit from this type of data, as well as institutions and stakeholders from the private sector willing to make better decisions based on high quality data via the Integrated Biodiversity Assessment Tool (IBAT).

Since the late 1970s, the BirdLife Partnership has been working collectively to identify, document and protect places on the Earth with the greatest significance for the conservation of the world’s birds. As a result, over 13,000 Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBAs) have been identified. However, we lack comprehensive monitoring of the condition of these sites, with an increasing number of IBAs under threat from damaging development – the majority of which appears to be poorly planned and does not take environmental values into account. Sites face a wide range of problems, which require an equally wide range of solutions. To address this problem, Natura Alert has been developed within the Horizon 2020-funded LandSense Citizen Observatory project. Natura Alert is a mobile app and web portal that allows users to pinpoint the location of threats to biodiversity and habitat changes, to prevent the further damage or loss to our biodiversity. We are particularly interested in threats that are occurring inside IBAs, Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) and Natura 2000 sites in the European Union, although submitting records in other areas is also possible. Information on the condition of these sites, the threats to them, the conservation measures in place and the changes in these aspects over time are essential to set priorities, hold governments to account and inform policies and decision-makers. Volunteers can share their observations with the wider community and help to map the state of our most valuable sites around the world. They can download our mobile app to quickly record their observations in the field or use the web app to discover more functionalities, such as visualizing reports from other users, creating dashboards per country and downloading their own reports. Natura Alert is being tested in Spain and Indonesia, thanks to the volunteer network of two BirdLife partners: SEO/BirdLife and Burung. While the Spanish volunteers are focusing on threats to birds and habitats within IBAs and Natura 2000 sites, the Indonesian communities are validating alerts from satellite-image analysis for forest change on Flores island. Citizen observations trigger real-time alerts to national and regional IBA/KBA coordinators at BirdLife International, who will ensure that the data are of high quality and produce regional and global monitoring assessments that could help monitor the indicators of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). Also, researchers and practitioners around the globe can benefit from this type of data, as well as institutions and stakeholders from the private sector willing to make better decisions based on high quality data via the Integrated Biodiversity Assessment Tool (IBAT).

Elucidating the interplay between film morphology, photophysics, and device performance of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic photovoltaics remains challenging. Here, we use the well-defined morphology of vapor-deposited di-[4-(N,N-di-p-tolyl-amino)-phenyl]cyclohexane (TAPC):C60 blends to address charge generation and recombination by transient ultrafast spectroscopy. We gain relevant new insights to the functioning of dilute-donor (5% TAPC) fullerene-based BHJs compared to molecularly intermixed systems (50% TAPC). First, we show that intermolecular charge transfer (CT) excitons in the C60 clusters of dilute BHJs rapidly localize to Frenkel excitons prior to dissociating at the donor:acceptor interface. Thus, both Frenkel and CT excitons generate photocurrent over the entire fullerene absorption range. Second, we selectively monitor interfacial and bulk C60 clusters via their electro-absorption, demonstrating an energetic gradient that assists free charge generation. Third, we identify a fast (< 1 ns) recombination channel, whereby free electrons recombine with trapped holes on isolated TAPC molecules. This can harm the performance of dilute solar cells, unless the electrons are rapidly extracted in efficient devices.

Since the late 1970s, the BirdLife Partnership has been working collectively to identify, document and protect places on the Earth with the greatest significance for the conservation of the world’s birds. As a result, over 13,000 Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBAs) have been identified. However, we lack comprehensive monitoring of the condition of these sites, with an increasing number of IBAs under threat from damaging development – the majority of which appears to be poorly planned and does not take environmental values into account. Sites face a wide range of problems, which require an equally wide range of solutions. To address this problem, Natura Alert has been developed within the Horizon 2020-funded LandSense Citizen Observatory project. Natura Alert is a mobile app and web portal that allows users to pinpoint the location of threats to biodiversity and habitat changes, to prevent the further damage or loss to our biodiversity. We are particularly interested in threats that are occurring inside IBAs, Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) and Natura 2000 sites in the European Union, although submitting records in other areas is also possible. Information on the condition of these sites, the threats to them, the conservation measures in place and the changes in these aspects over time are essential to set priorities, hold governments to account and inform policies and decision-makers. Volunteers can share their observations with the wider community and help to map the state of our most valuable sites around the world. They can download our mobile app to quickly record their observations in the field or use the web app to discover more functionalities, such as visualizing reports from other users, creating dashboards per country and downloading their own reports. Natura Alert is being tested in Spain and Indonesia, thanks to the volunteer network of two BirdLife partners: SEO/BirdLife and Burung. While the Spanish volunteers are focusing on threats to birds and habitats within IBAs and Natura 2000 sites, the Indonesian communities are validating alerts from satellite-image analysis for forest change on Flores island. Citizen observations trigger real-time alerts to national and regional IBA/KBA coordinators at BirdLife International, who will ensure that the data are of high quality and produce regional and global monitoring assessments that could help monitor the indicators of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). Also, researchers and practitioners around the globe can benefit from this type of data, as well as institutions and stakeholders from the private sector willing to make better decisions based on high quality data via the Integrated Biodiversity Assessment Tool (IBAT).

Elucidating the interplay between film morphology, photophysics, and device performance of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic photovoltaics remains challenging. Here, we use the well-defined morphology of vapor-deposited di-[4-(N,N-di-p-tolyl-amino)-phenyl]cyclohexane (TAPC):C60 blends to address charge generation and recombination by transient ultrafast spectroscopy. We gain relevant new insights to the functioning of dilute-donor (5% TAPC) fullerene-based BHJs compared to molecularly intermixed systems (50% TAPC). First, we show that intermolecular charge transfer (CT) excitons in the C60 clusters of dilute BHJs rapidly localize to Frenkel excitons prior to dissociating at the donor:acceptor interface. Thus, both Frenkel and CT excitons generate photocurrent over the entire fullerene absorption range. Second, we selectively monitor interfacial and bulk C60 clusters via their electro-absorption, demonstrating an energetic gradient that assists free charge generation. Third, we identify a fast (< 1 ns) recombination channel, whereby free electrons recombine with trapped holes on isolated TAPC molecules. This can harm the performance of dilute solar cells, unless the electrons are rapidly extracted in efficient devices.

2017 saw the publication of several new material systems that challenge the long-held notion that a driving force is necessary for efficient exciton dissocia-tion in organic photovoltaics (OPVs) and that a loss of ≈0.6 eV between the energy of the charge transfer state Ect and the energy corresponding to open circuit is general. In light of these developments, the authors combine insights from device physics and spectroscopy to review the two key tradeoffs limiting OPV performances. These are the tradeoff between the charge carrier generation efficiency and the achievable open circuit voltage (Voc) and the tradeoff between device thickness (light absorption) and fill factor. The emergence of several com-petitive nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) is exciting for both of these. The authors analyze what makes these materials compare favorably to fullerenes, including the potential role of molecular vibrations, and discuss both design criteria for new molecules and the achievable power conversion efficiencies.

ObjectivesDistinguishing the patterns of autoantibodies (AAB) against G-protein–coupled receptors in Chagas' cardiomyopathy and megacolon and the discovery of such a pattern in patients who are as yet asymptomatic could help to identify patients at high risk of developing the life-threatening complications of Chagas' disease.BackgroundSuch AAB against receptors as beta 1 (beta1-AAB), beta 2 (beta2-AAB), and muscarinergic 2 (M2-AAB) are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of Chagas' cardiomyopathy and megacolon, the predominant manifestations of Chagas' disease, which is the most serious parasitic disease in Latin America.MethodsBeta1-AAB, beta2-AAB, and M2-AAB were measured in the serum of asymptomatic Chagas' patients and in those with cardiomyopathy and/or megacolon.ResultsNearly all Chagas' patients with cardiomyopathy and/or megacolon had AAB. Predominance of beta1-AAB combined with M2-AAB in Chagas' cardiomyopathy and beta2-AAB with M2-AAB in megacolon was found. Such patterns were also found in 34% of the asymptomatic patients, of whom 85% possessed a beta1-AAB level typical for Chagas' cardiomyopathy.ConclusionsThe percentage of asymptomatic Chagas' patients who had a specific AAB pattern and had a beta1-AAB level above a defined cutoff point mirrors very well the epidemiological situation, which showed that clinical manifestations develop in nearly 30% of Chagas' patients and cardiomyopathy in nearly 90% of them. We hypothesize that beta1-, beta2-, and M2-AAB measurement might be a useful tool for risk assessment in the indeterminate state of Chagas' disease to select patients for earlier involvement in care programs. However, prospective studies are needed to further evaluate this hypothesis.

Introducción: En la población pediátrica la obstrucción intestinal por bridas representa un desafío en su manejo y diagnóstico. Las demoras pueden incrementar el riesgo de complicaciones tales como necrosis, perforación e incluso la muerte. El tránsito con medio de contraste hidrosoluble (meglumina) es una alternativa en el diagnóstico que ha demostrado un rendimiento adecuado y se ha reportado que puede disminuir la estancia hospitalaria. Sin embargo, en especial en población pediátrica se desconoce si el tiempo de realización del estudio puede afectar la estancia y el riesgo de complicaciones. Por lo que a la fecha es incierto cuál es el momento más oportuno para realizar dicha prueba. Por lo anterior, se busca describir las características de la atención y los desenlaces clínicos de los pacientes con obstrucción intestinal por adherencias diagnosticados con medio de contraste hidrosoluble (meglumina) en la Fundación Hospital pediátrico La Misericordia, entre los años 2013 y 2017. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo tipo serie de casos. Se incluyeron pacientes con diagnóstico de obstrucción intestinal por adherencias atendidos entre el 1º de enero de 2013 y el 31 de diciembre de 2017 cuyo tipo de obstrucción se diagnosticó mediante la prueba de tránsito intestinal con medio de contraste hidrosoluble. Como criterios de exclusión, se consideraron la ausencia de disponibilidad de la historia clínica, la presencia de irritación peritoneal a ingreso y la edad menor de 30 días. Se midieron variables clínicas reportadas durante la hospitalización. Con fines exploratorios, se identificaron las medianas de los tiempos de realización de la prueba de tránsito y mediante la prueba de suma de rangos de Wilcoxon se evaluó la presencia de diferencias de acuerdo con la presentación o no de complicaciones. Resultados: Se atendieron 153 casos de obstrucción intestinal, de los cuales a 36 se les realizó tránsito con medio de contraste hidrosoluble. 13 tuvieron resolución del cuadro clínico con manejo médico y 23 requirieron manejo quirúrgico. La estancia promedio fue 9,3 días. Los síntomas que fueron reportados con más frecuencia fueron el vómito y el dolor abdominal, menos de la mitad presentaban ausencia de deposiciones y distensión. El ingreso a UCI fue del 16,6% de los operados, con una estancia de 6,2 días. No hubo muertes reportadas. Se realizó un análisis estadístico exploratorio relacionando la mediana de tiempo en la que se administró la meglumina en los pacientes que no tuvieron complicaciones (22 (IC95% 17.42 a 41.9) con la de los que tuvieron algún tipo de complicación (31 (IC95% 9.4 a 52.7), y no se encontró relación estadísticamente significativa (p=0.39), pero hay que tener en cuenta que es una muestra pequeña. Otra

Organic solar cells with an electron donor diluted in a fullerene matrix have a reduced density of donor-fullerene contacts, resulting in decreased free-carrier recombination and increased open-circuit voltages. However, the low donor concentration prevents the formation of percolation pathways for holes. Notwithstanding, high (>75%) external quantum efficiencies can be reached, suggesting an effective hole-transport mechanism. Here, we perform a systematic study of the hole mobilities of 18 donors, diluted at similar to 6 mol % in C-60, with varying frontier energy level offsets and relaxation energies. We find that hole transport between isolated donor molecules occurs by long-range tunneling through several fullerene molecules, with the hole mobilities being correlated to the relaxation energy of the donor. The transport mechanism presented in this study is of general relevance to bulk heterojunction organic solar cells where mixed phases of fullerene containing a small fraction of a donor material or vice versa are present as well. The work was funded by the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) through the InnoProfile Projekt "Organische p-i-n Bauelemente 2.2" (03IPT602X). This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (project OR 349/1-1), by the Department of the Navy, Office of Naval Research Award No. N00014-14-1-0580 (CAOP MUM), by the German Ministry of Science and Education (BMBF), project UNVEiL, and through a state sponsored scholarship for graduate students to Y.F. from the China Scholarship Council. M.N. acknowledges funding from "Svenska Tekniska Vetenskapsakademien i Finland". Grants for computing time from the Center for Information Services and High Performance Computing (ZIH) are gratefully acknowledged.

El proyecto consiste en desarrollar una plataforma que permitirá gestionar los formularios utilizados para las visitas, generar informes con datos específicos o históricos sobre algún establecimiento comercial, asignar los establecimientos a visitar a los funcionarios, categorizar y filtrar la información según la necesidad y llevar un control sobre la información recolectada, todo esto de manera virtual evitando el uso excesivo de papel. Así mismo contara con un módulo de administración de usuarios, para gestionar los roles y el acceso al sistema. The project consists of developing a platform that will allow the management of the forms used for visits, generate reports with specific or historical data on a commercial establishment, assign the establishments to visit the officials, categorize and filter the information according to need and keep track about the information collected, all this in a virtual way avoiding the excessive use of paper. It will also have a user administration module to manage roles and access to the system. Ingeniero Informático Pregrado