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Ritscher-Schinzel ili 3C (cranio-cerebello- cardiac) sindrom je rijedak autosomno recesivni poremećaj karakteriziran malformacijama stražnje lubanjske jame, kongenitalnim srčanim defektom i kraniofacijalnom dismorfijom. Prvi puta je opisan 1987. god na primjeru dvije sestre zdravih roditelja. 2001. god. Leonardi i sur. donose kriterije za postavljanje dijagnoze 3C („cranio- cerebello-cardiac“) sindroma. Prikazujemo tridesetsedmogodišnjeg pacijenta, koji je ubrzo nakon rođenja operiran radi rascjepa mekog nepca, a potom radi ventrikulskog septalnog defekta. Od 1989. god. liječi se radi epilepsije uz znakove psihomotorne retardacije. Učinjen CT mozga 2008. god. je pokazao malformaciju Dandy-Walker. U ožujku 2009. god. hospitaliziran u Klinici za neurologiju KBC-a Zagreb, te je učinjen MR mozga koji je verificirao opisanu malformaciju uz proširenje stražnje lubanjske jame cističnom formacijom te aplaziju kaudalnog dijela vermisa, ali i obostrano subependimalno opsežna područja heterotopije sive tvari. U kliničkom nalazu prisutan kraniofacijalni dismorfizam, uz sindaktiliju I i II prsta desnog stopala, fleksijske kontrakture distalne falange II i III prsta obje šake, skoliozu torakalnog segmenta. Radiološka obrada pokazala je i hipoplaziju I rebra desno, te kongenitalni blok trupova i artikulacijskih nastavaka C6-C7 kralježaka uz sinistrokonveksnu skoliozu torakalne kralježnice. Temeljem kliničkog pregleda i učinjene radiološke i neuroradiološke obrade smatramo da naš bolesnik ispunjava sve kriterije za potvrdu dijagnoze Ritscher-Schinzel sindroma, a ujedno je to prvi slučaj opisan u Hrvatskoj, te do sada i najstariji bolesnik opisan u literaturi.

In the present study the growth of ochratoxigenic mould Aspergillus ochraceus NRRL3174 and ochratoxin A (OTA) synthesis were investigated during the cultivation of the mould on corn grains in a pure culture, as well as in a mixed culture with the non-ochratoxigenic would Trichothecium roseum ZMPBF 1226. The amount of synthesised biomass was determined indirectly by measuring the chitin, while the quantification of OTA was performed fluoredensitometrically.During the 35 days cultivation of the tested mould in a stationary culture at temperatures 15oC, 20oC, 25oC and 30oC, and the water content in the substrate of 38 %, the highest concentration of OTA was reached at 20oC. At higher temperatures, 25oC and 30oC, the biomas synthesis was increased, but at the same time OTA synthesis decreased. OTA concentartion was maximal after 14 days of cultivation.A mixed culture of the tested moulds reduced OTA biosynthesis, and after 14 days the OTA concentration dropped to 50-60 % of the highest value obtained in the pure culture.

The inhibition of ochratoxin A production by the organophosphate insecticide dichlorvos was investigated using A. ochraceus NRRL 3174 in yeast extract-sucrose (YES) medium at 5, 5. Yes medium was treated with various amounts of dichlorvos after inoculation with A. ochraceus. Experiments were carried out with stationary cultures at 28 and 37oC over 21 d. Mycelial dry weights were determined gravimetrically and ochratoxin A concn were quantitated fluorodensitometrically using Camag TLC Scanner. Dichlorvos at 1, 5 mg/L stimulated the growth of the mould and ochratoxin A production. Higher concn partially inhibited mould growth and completely inhibited toxin production.

The conversion of ochratoxin C to ochratoxin A was studied in rats after oral and intravenous administration. The concentration of ochratoxin A in the blood as a function of time was the same after oral administration of equivalent amounts of either ochratoxin C or ochratoxin A. The maximum ochratoxin A concentrations were measured 60 min after administration. Given intravenously, ochratoxin C was also converted to ochratoxin A. Maximum concentrations were reached after 90 min. It is concluded that ochratoxin C is readily converted to ochratoxin A after both oral and intravenous administration. There is reason to believe that a comparable toxicity of the two toxins is based upon this conversion and that only interference with the biotransformation mechanisms may cause a difference in their toxicity.

Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) and its newly synthetized analogues, 4-hydroxy-3(p-toluoyl)-6-(p-tolil)-2H-pyrane-2-one (DHT) and 5-bromo-4-hydroxy-3-(p-toluoyl)-6-(p-tolil)-2H-pyrane-2-one (BrDHT), were tested for antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic acitivity in experiments with the aflatoxigenic mould Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 2999. DHT and DHA concentrations of 3.0 µ.M and 6.0 µ.M respectively stimulated mould growth and aflatoxin B, and G, synthesis, but concentrations higher than 30.0 µ.M produced an inhibitory effect. In the presence of low BrDHT concentrations mould growth decreased by 70% and toxin concentrations by 85% and 90%, respectively., lstražen je utjecaj dehidracetne kiseline (DHA) i njezinih novosintetiziranih analogona, 4-hidroksi-6-(p-tolil)-3-(p-toluil)-2H-piran-2-ona (DHT) i 5-bromo-4-hidroksi-6-(p-tolil)-3-(p-toluil)-2H-piran-2-ona (BrDHT). na rast aflatoksinogene plijesni Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 2999 i nakupljanje aflatoksina. Koncentracije DHA i DHT od 3.0 i 6.0 µ,M stimuliraju. a koncentracije više od 30.0 µ,M tih spojeva inhibiraju rast plijesni i proizvodnju aflatoksina. U pokusima s niskim koncentracijama spoja BrDHT. reduciran je rast plijesni do 70%. a koncentracije aflatoksina 81 i 01 bile su reducirane do vrijednosti od 85 odnosno do 90% u odnosu na kontrolne pokuse.

Reproducible results have been obtained in the E-rocette test after 5 min ubcubation at 37 C, followed by centrifugation at 200 g for 5 min, and ovrtnight incubstion at 4 C. Fresh SRBC and those stored in Alserver's solution for one week were equally in the E-rosette test. Also because of their variable rosetting ability, SRBC from one animal (or standardized pool from several animals)xmust be udes. The optimal lymphocyte to SRBC ratio was 1:100. Lymphocytes with four or more SRBC have to be counted as rosettes.

After the excavation of the canals of the main canal network (MCN) of the Danube-Tisza-Danube (DTD) hydro system, specific technological schemes were used to form deposited materials. In 1958 an experiment with forest plantings was set up on the deposols of the Odzaci-Sombor Canal. Its purpose was the protection and reclamation of the newly-formed dikes. The main aim of this paper is to point to the speed of the process of reclamation and changes in soil properties in the course of a 54-year-long experiment, on the basis of a years-long study of the experimental area.