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Background and Aim: Mental health is an integral part of adolescent wellbeing. However, only few adolescents understand the importance of mental health and are aware of the right time to seek help. Lack of knowledge and stigma may impede help-seeking behavior. To assess these aspects, three questionnaires have been developed in the English language. This study aims to assess the validity and reliability of an Indonesian version of the Mental Health Literacy and Help-Seeking Behavior set of questionnaires among adolescents in Indonesia.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that used The Mental Health Literacy and Help-Seeking Behavior set of questionnaires developed by Kutcher and Wei. The set consists of three questionnaires: the Mental Health Knowledge, Attitude Toward Mental Health, and Help-Seeking Behavior questionnaire. The study was conducted between October 2020 and January 2021 with 68 first-year medical students at the University of Indonesia, who represented adolescents in a transitional phase. The questionnaires were translated into the Indonesian language by a bilingual psychiatrist and reviewed by 10 expert psychiatrists to determine content validity [Item-Level Content Validity Index (I-CVI) and Scale-Level Content Validity Index (S-CVI)]. Cronbach's alpha values were used to assess internal consistency (reliability).Results: The content validity test produced positive results with an I-CVI scores of 0.7–1.0 and S-CVI scores of 0.87, 0.90, and 0.99 for the knowledge, attitude, and help-seeking behavior questionnaires, respectively. For the reliability test, Cronbach's alpha values were 0.780 for the attitude questionnaire and 0.852 for the help-seeking behavior questionnaire, while the value for the knowledge questionnaire was 0.521.Conclusion: The ability to properly measure mental health through the availability of accessible, valid, and understandable tools plays an important role in addressing mental health issues among adolescents. In the current study, the Indonesian translations of all three questionnaires examining knowledge, attitude, and help-seeking behavior were considered to be valid and reliable.

Objective Adolescent cyberbullying and high-risk behaviour outcomes has been a major concern in the last few years. Gender discrepancy is an important component that predicts the outcomes. This study aimed to elaborate and identify the association between cyberbullying experience and high-risk behaviour outcomes based on gender differences among adolescents in Indonesia. Method: A cross sectional study that involved junior and senior high schools in Jakarta. There were 2917 adolescents who took part in this study. The cyberbullying questionnaire was used to identify the cyberbullying experienced. High-risk behaviour included in this study was tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, and self-harm behaviour. Chi-Square test and odds ratio analysis were applied through SPSS for Mac. Results: The highest proportion in this study was composed of adolescents of both genders who acted as victim/perpetrator (52.25%). Adolescent males who indulged in cyberbullying showed an increased risk for cigarette smoking (OR = 2.97); male adolescents who were victims and victim/perpetrator of cyberbullying had a higher risk to consume alcohol (OR = 2.96 & OR = 6.93). Meanwhile, the risk of self-hurting behaviour increased for both female and male with cyberbullying victimization (OR = 3.68 & OR = 2.97). Female adolescents who acted as victim/perpetrator had a higher risk of suicidal thoughts and attempting suicide (OR = 1.90 & OR = 2.11); and they were also at risk of consuming alcohol (OR = 2.84). Conclusion: Cyberbullying returned negative impacts on both genders of adolescents. Boys showed a greater tendency to externalize while girls showed a greater tendency to internalize. Mental health promotion that is designed specifically for both genders might address the adolescents’ needs.

HIV/AIDS may affect all ages, including children and adolescent. HIV may lead to various physical and mental problems. This study aims to measure the prevalence of mental disorder in children and adolescent infected with HIV and various other factors related. This cross sectional study was done during August until November 2014, included 92 patients in Allergic-Immunology outpatient clinic in Pediatric Department of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Samples were interviewed to collect personal data, examined using SDQ and MINI KID questionnaires.The results showed 18.5% and 25% of the samples have emotional and behavioral problem. Approximately 23.9% have mental disorders, with separation anxiety (7.6%), ADHD/ attention deficit and hyperactive disorder (7.6%), adjustment disorder (1.1%), major depression (4.3%), and oppositional defiant disorder (3.3%). Analysis suggest that samples who are currently attending school, and samples that have not disclosed to their condition as being HIV+, are more protected from mental problems, though not statistically significant. The prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescent with HIV are higher than the general population. Emotional, hyperactivity and behavioral problems are related to mental disorder.

Latar belakang: Beberapa faktor stresor kerja dapat meningkatkkan ketidakpusasan kerja. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi beberapa faktor dominan terkait dengan ketidakpusasan kerja.Metode: Studi potong lintgang dengan sampling purposif yang dilakukan pada bulan April-Juli 2011. Subyek terdiri dari mahasiswa pascasarjana dan dosen Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia. Regresi linier digunakan untuk menganalisis data. Hasil: Peserta terdiri dari 306 subyek, berusia 23-47 tahun, mayoritas perempuan (61,4%), menikah, dan tidak pernah mengikuti pelatihan manajemen stres. Sedangkan pekerjaan saat ini/sebelumnya adalah dalam pelayanan kesehatan, atau pejabat pemerintah. Tingkat ketidakpuasan kerja berkaitan dengan tujuh faktor: yang tertinggi ialah kurangnya dukungan dari atasan, dan yang terendah ialah melakukan layanan di luar jam kerja. Satu poin kurang dukungan atasan akan meningkatkan ketidakpuasan kerja sebesar 1,26 [koefisien regresi (β) = 1,26, P = 0,000); satu poin untuk menyediakan layanan di luar jam kerja akan meningkatkan 0,61 poin ketidakpuasan kerja (β= 0,6, P = 0,001). Kesimpulan: Kurangnya dukungan atasan dan interaksi dengan rekan kerja, peran organisasi ambiguitas, prosedur birokrasi, memberikan pelayanan di luar jam kerja, dan umpan balik yang tidak memadai dari pasien akan meningkatkan ketidakpuasan kerja. (Health Science Indones 2013;1:11-6)Kata kunci:ketidakpuasan kerja, stresor kerja, dokterAbstractBackground:Several factors of work stressors may increase a person’s job dissatisfaction level. This study aimed to identify several dominant factors related to job dissatisfaction among medical doctors. Methods: A cross-sectional study with purposive sampling was conducted in April-July 2011. Subjects consisted of postgraduate students and faculty members of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia. Linear regression was used to analyze the data. Results: The participants consisted of 306 subjects, aged 23-47 years old, the majority were female (61.4%), married, current/previous work was in health services, government officials and never had stress management training. Job dissatisfaction level related to seven factors, the highest was having lack of support from superiors and the lowest was being required to provide services outside normal working hours. One point of having lack of support from superiors increased job dissatisfaction by 1.26 [regression coeffisient (β) = 1.26; P=0.000); one point of being required to provide services outside normal working hours increased job dissatisfaction by 0.61 point (β= 0.6; P=0.001).Conclusion:Lack of superiors’ support and interaction with colleagues, role organization ambiguity, bureaucratic procedures, having to provide services outside normal working hours, and inadequate feedback from patients all increased job dissatisfaction. (Health Science Indones 2013;1:11-6) Keywords: job dissatisfaction, work stressor, medical doctors

Latar belakang:Beberapa strategi penanganan yang dapat mengurangi tingkat stres. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi beberapa strategi yang dominan terhadap tingkat skor stres total.Metode:Pada penelitian potong lintang dengan sampel purposif mahasiswa kedokteran pasca sarjana Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia pada bulan April-Juli 2011. Kuesioner yang digunakan ialah kuesioner strategi mengurangi stres dan self reporting questionnaire WHO (SRQ-20). Regresi liniar digunakan Untuk mengidentifikasi faktor dominan terhadap tingkat stres dipergunakan regresi linear.Hasil: Subjek terdiri dari 272 orang, usia 23-44 tahun. Empat hal menurunkan skor stres total (menerima realitas, berbicara dengan seseorang yang dapat melakukan sesuatu, meminta bantuan Allah, dan menertawakan situasi yang bermasalah). Sebaiknya tiga faktor meningkatkan skor stres total (menyelesaikan langkah demi langkah pada suatu waktu, berbicara dengan seseorang untuk mengetahui lebih lanjut tentang situasi, dan mengakui tidak bisa menangani pemecahan situasi). Satu poin menerima realitas situasi mengurangi 0,493 poin skor total stress [koefisien regresi (β) = -0,493, P = 0,002]. Sementara satu poin mencari pertolongan Allah akan mengurangi 0,307 poin skor stres total (β) = -0,307, P = 0,056). Namun, satu poin melakukan satu langkah pada suatu waktu akan meningkatkan 0,54 poin skor stres total (β) = 0,540, P = 0,005).Kesimpulan: Menerima realitas, berbicara dengan seseorang yang dapat melakukan sesuatu, meminta bantuan Allah, dan menertawakan situasi akan menurunkan tingkat stres. Sebaiknya, menyelesaikan langkah demi langkah pada suatu waktu, berbicara dengan seseorang untuk mengetahui lebih lanjut tentang situasi, dan mengakui tidak bisa menangani memecahkan situasi, meningkatkan skor stres total.Kata kunci:strategi pengendalan stres, meminta pertolongan AlllahAbstractBackground:Several coping strategies may minimize stress levels. This study aimed to identify several dominant coping strategies related to total stress score levels.Methods:A cross-sectional purposive sampling method study among postgraduate medical students of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia was done April-July 2011. We used a coping strategies questionnaire and the WHO SRQ-20. Linear regression was used to identify dominant coping strategies related to stress levels.Results:This study had 272 subjects, aged 23-47 years. Four items decreased the total stress score (accepting the reality of the fact, talking to someone who could do something, seeking God’s help, and laughing about the situation). However, three factors increased the total stress score (taking one step at a time has to be done, talking to someone to find out more about the situation, and admitting can’t deal solving the situation). One point of accepting the reality of the situation reduced 0.493 points the total stress score [regression coefficient (β)= -0.493; P=0.002]. While one point seeking God’s help reduced 0.307 points the total stress score (β)= -0.307; P=0.056). However, one point of doing one step at a time increased 0.54 point the total stress score (β)=0.540; P=0.005).Conclusions: Accepting the reality of the situation, talking to someone who could do something, seeking God’s help, and laughing about the situation decreased the stress level. However, taking one step at a time, talking to someone to find out more about the situation and admitting can’t deal solving the situation, increased the total stress score.Key words:stress level, coping strategies, age, seeking God’s help

Cancer-related fatigue is one of the most commonly reported symptoms in cancer patients. Short but good assessment is essential to detect and manage this symptom. Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI) is a valid and reliable short instrument to assess cancer-related fatigue.To examine the validity and reliability of the Indonesian BFI.Forward and backward translation approach, followed by cognitive debriefing process, was done to develop Indonesian BFI. One hundred twenty-one consecutive adult outpatients with cancer who are willing to participate in this study filled in Indonesian BFI along with the Medical Outcome Study Quality of Life Short Form 36 (MOS SF-36). Demographic and health data were collected.The Indonesian BFI had an overall Cronbach's alpha for the nine items of 0.956. The results of the factor analysis suggested a one-factor solution, supporting the hypothesis of unidimensionality of the Indonesian BFI. The Indonesian BFI score was compared with MOS SF-36 subscale to evaluate convergent validity. An expected inverse correlation between Indonesian BFI and all domains of MOS SF-36 was observed (r = -0.388 to -0.676; P 0.0000). Discriminant validity analysis showed that the Indonesian BFI mean score significantly increased with increasing Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status values (P = 0.000).Indonesian BFI is a reliable and valid instrument for Indonesian cancer patients.

To identify the effectiveness of rational-emotive-behavior-based therapy (REBT-based therapy) on improved mental health and antiretroviral (ART) therapeutic adherence in women infected with HIV/AIDS (female subjects with HIV/AIDS).A randomized and single-blinded clinical trial in women infected with HIV/AIDS who had their treatment at the outpatient clinic of Pokdiksus AIDS RSCM and at the AIDS Comprehensive Diagnostic Unit of Dharmais Hospital was conducted between October 2011 and March 2012. A block randomization of 160 female subjects with AIDS was performed that resulted in a REBT-based treatment group (n=80) and a control group (n=80). The treatment group received REBT-based intervention of 8 sessions weekly including 6 individual-therapeutic sessions/week and 2 group-therapeutic sessions/week. Instruments used in the study were questionnaires on demography, ART adherence (measured by self report and pill count), and mental health (SRQ-20). Data were analyzed using Chi-Square test, Generalized Linear Model, and Generalized Estimating Equations.There were 148 respondents analyzed including in the REBT-based group (n=72) and in the control group (n=76) with mean age of 33-34 years. After 8 weeks of REBT-based intervention, there was improved (increased) mean value of the self-reported adherence score (self-report) compared to control group (100%; CI 95%,83.3-96.7 vs. 84%; CI 95%,77.5-87.8) and improved (decreased) SRQ-20 mean score in REBT-based treatment group compared to control group (2.9; CI 95%, 2.7-13.0 vs. 5.4; CI 95%: 5.0-13.6). ART adherence based on viral load titer was not analyzed in both group since most of VL titer were undetected (400 copies/mL). GLM analysis showed decreased SRQ-20 mean score and increased mean value of self-reported ART adherence (self-report) in the REBT-based treatment group, which were more significant (p0.000) than control group on the 8th week. GEE analysis showed that 1 point decrement of SRQ-20 would increase self-reported ART adherence as much as 0.722 point and the correlation was statistically significant (p0.00).After 8 weeks of REBT-based intervention to female subjects with HIV/AIDS, there is a decrease of SRQ-20 mean score which may result in increased ART adherence mean score in the treatment group compared to the control.

Maternity blues disorder (MB) is common, and it is usually undiagnosed. This study to identify several risk factors related to MB. Subjects were pregnant women who had antenatal and delivery at the Persahabatan Hospital (RSP) Jakarta from 1 November 1999 to 15 August 2001. Consecutive sampling and was followed-up until two-week postpartum. Those who ever had psychiatric disorders (schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders) were excluded. MB and ante partum depression (APD) detected by using Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Husband’s mental status based on Symptom Check List-90 (SCL-90) respectively. Among 580 subjects, 25% suffering from MB. Compared with those who did not have APD, those who experienced it had more than three-fold increased risk to be MB [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 3.57; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.54;5.03]. Those who had not healthy baby on the first 5 days afterbirth than who had healthy baby had twice increased risk to be MB (aHR = 2.21; 95% CI = 1.34 ; 3.66). Who had husband with problem in mental health had 1.9 increased risk to be MB (aHR = 1.91; 95% CI = 1.36 ; 2.68). Stress during pregnancy had 1.6 increased risk to be MB (aHR = 1.59; 95% CI = 1.14 ; 2.25). To control MB, special attention should be paid to women who had APD history, who had unhealthy baby on 5 first days afterbirth, who had husbands’ mental health problems, and who had stress during pregnancy. (Med J Indones 2006; 15:74-80) Keywords: ante partum, maternity blues, depression, mental problem