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This work proposes a methodology to test phenomenologically-motivated emission processes that account for the flux and polarization distribution and global structure of the 230 GHz sources imaged by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT): Messier (M)87* and Sagittarius (Sgr) A*. We introduce to general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations some novel models to bridge the largely uncertain mechanisms by which high-energy particles in jet/accretion flow/black hole (JAB) system plasmas attain billion degree temperatures and emit synchrotron radiation. The "Observing" JAB Systems methodology then partitions the simulation to apply different parametric models to regions governed by different plasma physics -- an advance over methods where one parametrization is used over simulation regions spanning thousands of gravitational radii from the central supermassive black hole. We present several classes of viewing-angle dependent morphologies, and highlight signatures of piecewise modeling and positron effects -- including a MAD/SANE dichotomy in which polarized maps appear dominated by intrinsic polarization in the MAD case and by Faraday effects in the SANE case. The library of images thus produced spans a wide range of morphologies awaiting discovery by the groundbreaking EHT instrument and its yet more sensitive, higher resolution next-generation counterpart ngEHT., 21 pages, 9 figures

Title: Preparation of modulators of cholinesterases and cholinergic receptors Author: Jan Röder Organophosphorus compounds are widely used as pesticides and were also misused as chemical warfare agents. Up to date, the pre-exposure treatment of organophosphorus compounds intoxication consists in use of carbamate cholinesterase inhibitors. Carbamates act as reversible inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and thus protect it against irreversible inhibition with organophosphorus compounds. However, carbamates showed severe undesirable effects caused by carbamylation of AChE, and therefore there is trend to find novel compounds, which could more effectively act as protection against intoxication with organophosphorus compounds. Twenty modulators of cholinesterases and cholinergic receptors were prepared in this project. These compounds showed promising inhibition ability during in vitro testing and four of them were chosen for further molecular modelling studies. The former studies of AChE and its receptors features were also taken into account. The properties of newly prepared compounds were discussed. Based on promising results after in vitro evaluation, several compounds were recommended for further in vivo studies in order to prove or disprove their effectiveness in pre-exposure treatment with...