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Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-asp-10.1177_00037028231183017 for Parameter Estimation in Spectral Resolution Enhancement Based on Forward–Backward Linear Prediction Total Least Square Method by Yusheng Qin, Xin Han, Xiangxian Li, Jingjing Tong and Minguang Gao in Applied Spectroscopy

BackgroundWhen a mature follicle fails to ovulate, ovarian cysts can develop and persist in the ovary, interfering with normal ovarian functions. However, the etiology of ovarian cysts remains poorly understood.ResultsBy enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of the bovine follicle fluid from cystic follicles , we found that cystic follicles were characterized by lower oestradiol (E2), Insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF1), and insulin levels but elevated progesterone (P4) compared with preovulatory follicles (p STAR), cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 (CYP11A1), hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3-beta- and steroid delta-isomerase 1 (HSD3B1), cytochrome P450, family 17, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 (CYP17A1), and cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily B, polypeptide 1 (CYP1B1) genes in the steroid hormone synthesis pathway play important roles in this process. ConclusionsAbnormal hormone profiles and expression of steroid hormone synthesis pathway genes related to the formation of ovarian cysts. The findings lay a theoretical foundation for the prevention and treatment of ovarian cysts.

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a major food and feed contaminant that threaten public health. Previous studies indicate that AFB1 exposure disrupted oocyte maturation. However, an effective and feasible method is unavailable for protecting oocytes against toxicity of AFB1. In the present study, using in vitro matured porcine oocytes and parthenogenetic embryos as model, we confirmed that AFB1 exposure during in vitro oocyte maturation (IVM) significantly impaired both nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The different concentrations of melatonin were also tested for their protective effects on oocytes against the AFB1-induced toxicity. Our results showed that supplementation of a relative high concentration of melatonin (10-3 mol/L) during IVM efficiently reversed the impaired development rate and blastocyst quality, to the levels comparable to those of the control group. Further analysis indicated that melatonin application efficiently alleviated reactive oxygen species accumulation and initiation of apoptosis induced by AFB1 exposure. In addition, disrupted GSH/GPX system, as well as inhibited mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication and mitochondrial biogenesis in AFB1-treated oocytes, can be notably reversed by melatonin application. Furthermore, cumulus cells may be important in mediating the toxicity of AFB1 to oocytes, and the metabolism of AFB1 in cumulus cells can be depressed by melatonin. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to confirm that melatonin application can efficiently protect oocytes from AFB1-induced toxicity. Our study provides a promising and practical strategy for alleviating or reversing AFB1-induced female reproductive toxicity in both clinical treatment and domestic reproductive management.

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate impact of magnesium(Mg),manganese(Mn),activated carbon and lime and their interactions on wheat growth and cadmium(Cd) uptake from a Cd polluted agricultural soil.Results showed that application of appropriate amounts of magnesium sulfate(Mg),manganese sulfate(Mn) or in combination with lime could promote wheat growth and seed yields,while addition of lime alone or in combination with activated carbon significantly reduced wheat seed yield.Application of Mg significantly reduced concentrations and uptake of Cd in wheat seeds and straw and positively related to Mg rates.Concentrations and uptake of Cd in wheat seeds and straw were effectively decreased by the lower rates of Mn but increased by the higher rates.Lime and activated carbon,no matter it was used alone or together,remarkably restricted Cd uptake by wheat,while Cd ratio of seed/straw tended to increase with lime rates.Folia spray of Mg was equally effective as incorporating Mg into soil on restricting Cd uptake by wheat but a significant depressing effect on Cd uptake by folia spray of Mn over soil application of Mn was observed.Whether Mg and Mn or lime,Mg and Mn were used together produced pronounced positive interactions on depressing Cd concentrations and uptake in wheat seeds and significant restrictive effect on Cd transfer from straw to seeds as well.