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Immunotherapy has shown great promise in treating various types of malignant tumors. However, some patients with gastrointestinal cancer have been known to experience rapid disease progression after treatment, a situation referred to as hyperprogressive disease (HPD). This minireview focuses on the definitions and potential mechanisms of HPD, natural disease progression in gastrointestinal malignancies, and tumor immunological microenvironment.

Only three Gerronema (Porotheleaceae) species have been previously recorded in China. Here, we report collections of a fourth species in China: G. nemorale Har. Takah., which is widely distributed in Chinese temperate to subtropical zones. We also formally describe three new species, collected from Anhui, Fujian, and Zhejiang provinces: G. baishanzuensesp. nov., G. microcarpumsp. nov., and G. zhujiansp. nov. Furthermore, we include the results of a phylogenetic analysis of Porotheleaceae based on a multi-locus (ITS + nLSU) dataset. The results, which indicate that Gerronema is polyphyletic, support the taxonomic recognition of the three new species. Morphological descriptions, photographs, line drawings, and comparisons with closely related taxa are presented for the new and newly recorded species. A key to the seven species of Gerronema in China is also provided.

BackgroundRemarkably, the anti-cancer efficacy of immunotherapy in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) has been demonstrated. However, predicting the beneficiaries of this expensive treatment is still a challenge.Materials and methodsA group of patients (N = 250) diagnosed with LUAD and receiving immunotherapy were retrospectively studied. They were randomly divided into a training dataset (80%) and a test dataset (20%). The training dataset was utilized to train neural network models to predict patients’ objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), responders (progression-free survival time > 6 months), and overall survival (OS) possibility, which were validated by both the training and test datasets and packaged into a tool later.ResultsIn the training dataset, the tool scored 0.9016 area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) curve on ORR judgment, 0.8570 on DCR, and 0.8395 on responder prediction. In the test dataset, the tool scored 0.8173 AUC on ORR, 0.8244 on DCR, and 0.8214 on responder determination. As for OS prediction, the tool scored 0.6627 AUC in the training dataset and 0.6357 in the test dataset.ConclusionsThis immunotherapy efficacy predictive tool for LUAD patients based on neural networks could predict their ORR, DCR, and responder well.

Recently, nitritation-denitritation has been demonstrated as an effective nitrogen removal alternative by reducing oxygen consumption and carbon supply, lowering CO2 emission, decreasing sludge production, and minimising the volume of reactors as compared to conventional nitrification and denitrification process. In the meantime, membrane aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) process becomes increasingly attractive due to the efficient dissolution of oxygen via molecular diffusion into water, resulting in up to five times more energy efficient than conventional aerators and above 75% of oxygen transfer efficiencies. Further potential benefits could be realized by combining partial nitrification with MABR. However, the relative importance of nitrogen removal pathways in MABR is still not well understood, due to the lack of reliable methods to measure the amount of their oxygen consumptions. Three MABR parallel testing systems equipped with ZeelungTM (SUEZ WTS, Hungry) membrane fibres were continuously operated for 230 days to treat synthetic wastewater. They included five sequential stages: biofilm seeding followed by the effects of substrate loadings in hybrid and non-hybrid operating modes, and C/N ratios in hybrid and non-hybrid operating modes. A mathematical MABR model based on wastewater process simulation software GPS-x® and calibrated with experimental data. To determine oxygen fluxes and mass transfer coefficients, three different methods were carried out. Results showed that gas phase mass balance (GPMB) method can be used to determine the oxygen flux reliably for MABRs used in wastewater treatment. Coupling with the liquid phase mass balance (LPMB) approach, the extent of partial nitrification can be estimated. Pressure decay mass transfer (PDMT) method could be applied to determine both mass transfer coefficient and the biofilm thickness. Hybrid MABRs (HMABRs) and MABRs achieved the COD removal of 91%, 87% and TN removal of 57% and 40%, respectively. Up to 14% and 11% of influent NH4+-N could be oxidized by partial nitrification by HMABRs and MABRs, respectively. Partial nitrification by both HMABRs and MABRs increased with the ammonia loading, and C/N ratio, while HMABRs had significant advantages in nitrogen pollutant removal at high substrate loading rates over MABRs. Further characterization of biofilm and suspended solids in HMABRs using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) coupled with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) showed that the biovolume fractions of nitrite-reducing bacteria were up to 26% and 5%, respectively. The oxygen half saturation constants for AOB and NOB were 0.14 and 0.82 gO2/m3, respectively, after model calibration using GPS-x®. This indicated that AOB can grow in lower dissolved oxygen concentration than NOB. NSERC, Veolia

Additional file 1. Supplementary Information.

In view of the various types of fabric defects, and the problems of confusion, density unevenness and small target defects, which are difficult to detect, this paper builds a deep learning defect detection network incorporating an attention mechanism. The data augmentation strategy is used to enrich the number of samples of each defective type, and the enriched samples were extracted by the feature extraction network integrated with the attention mechanism, which can improve the feature extraction ability of confusable defect types and small defect types. Region proposal generation generates a proposal box for extracted features, and adds an online hard example mining strategy to re-learn hard examples to accelerate network convergence. Region feature aggregation maps the proposal box to the feature map to obtain the region of interest. Finally, the defect features are classified and the bounding boxes are regressed. The results show that this algorithm can effectively detect 39 categories of fabric defects with a detection speed of 0.085 s and a detection accuracy of 0.9338.

Xilin Gol is a typical kind of grassland in arid and semi-arid regions. Under climate warming, the droughts faced by various grassland types tend to expand in scope and intensity, and increase in frequency. Therefore, the quantitative analysis of drought risk in different grassland types becomes particularly important. Based on multi-source data, a random forest regression algorithm was used to construct a grassland biomass estimation model, which was then used to analyze the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of grassland biomass. A quantitative assessment of drought risk (DR) in different grassland types was applied based on the theory of risk formation, and a structural equation model (SEM) was used to analyze the drivers of drought risk in different grassland types. The results show that among the eight selected variables that affect grassland biomass, the model had the highest accuracy (R = 0.90) when the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), precipitation (Prcp), soil moisture (SM) and longitude (Lon) were combined as input variables. The grassland biomass showed a spatial distribution that was high in the east and low in the west, gradually decreasing from northeast to southwest. Among the grasslands, desert grassland (DRS) had the highest drought risk (DR = 0.30), while meadow grassland (MEG) had the lowest risk (DR = 0.02). The analysis of the drivers of drought risk in grassland biomass shows that meteorological elements mainly drive typical grasslands (TYG) and other grasslands (OTH). SM greatly impacted MEG, and ET had a relatively high contribution to DRS. This study provides a basis for managing different grassland types in large areas and developing corresponding drought adaptation programs.

Using high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and ab initio calculation, we systematically investigate the electronic structure of the chiral helimagnet Cr1/3NbS2 and its temperature evolution. The comparison with NbS2 suggests that the electronic structure of Cr1/3NbS2 is strongly modified by the intercalation of Cr atoms. Our ab initio calculation, consistent with experimental results, suggests strong hybridization between Nb- and Cr-derived states near the Fermi level. In the chiral helimagnetic state (below the Curie temperature, Tc), we observe exchange splitting of the energy bands crossing the Fermi level, which follows the temperature evolution of the magnetic moment, suggesting a strong interaction between the conduction electrons and Cr spin moments. Interestingly, the exchange splitting persists far above Tc with weak temperature dependence, in drastic contrast to the itinerant ferromagnetism described by the Stoner model, indicating the existence of short-range magnetic order. Our results provide important insights into the interplay between the electronic structure and magnetism in Cr1/3NbS2, which is helpful for understanding the microscopic mechanism of chiral helimagnetic ordering.

In recent years, the digital transformation of power grids has become a new trend in the development of power grid enterprises. As a key link, the digitalization and intellectualization of substations have been included in the development plans of major power grid companies. This paper introduces a construction scheme for smart substations. By deploying edge Internet of Things agents, the construction scheme from online monitoring of electrical quantities of electric power equipment to data edge aggregation and data application is realized, which provides an effective solution for the construction of smart substations.

Our assessment of epigenetic age acceleration (EAA), calculated with DNA methylation (DNAm) data generated from bulk DNA derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), supports accelerated aging in childhood cancer survivors (CCS). It is challenging to disentangle variation of DNAm at cell-type specific levels from the effects of age-dependent cell type composition, and bulk measurements may obfuscate the links between EAA and age-related outcomes (e.g., cardiomyopathy). Methylation profiling was generated using Infinium EPIC BeadChips on PBMC-derived DNA from CCS in the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort. Tensor composition analysis was employed to deconvolute bulk DNAm and infer DNAm at each leukocyte subtype level, i.e., a single n (individuals) by m (DNAm sites) matrix of observed DNAm data was deconvoluted into multiple n by m matrices of DNAm data. Epigenetic age (EA, using Levine’s clock) and EAA (residuals from the fit of a simple linear regression of EA on chronological age at blood draw) were calculated for bulk PBMCs and each cell subtype (CD4T, CD8T, B, natural killer, and monocyte). Cardiomyopathy (CMP) was assessed by echocardiography, and severity graded (2 = moderate, 3 = severe/disabling, 4 = life-threatening and 5 = fatal) using a modified version of the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events. Cumulative doses of anthracyclines and mean heart radiation doses (heart-RT) calculated through radiation dosimetry were abstracted from medical records. Associations between EAA and CMP were evaluated by multivariable Cox regression. Cell-type specific EA was highly correlated with bulk EA with Pearson r2 between 0.63 (CD8T) and 0.79 (CD4T), but the linear regression lines of cell-type specific EA against bulk EA differed in both intercept and slope, suggesting heterogeneity across leukocyte subtypes. Cell-type specific EAA was moderately correlated with bulk EAA with Pearson r2 between 0.23 (monocyte) and 0.29 (CD8T). Among 2,044 CCS (median age = 33.7 years), 104 (5.1%) developed CMP (≥grade 3). Among bulk EAA and five cell-type specific EAAs, monocyte EAA was the only one significantly associated with CMP (hazard ratio per standard deviation increase in EAA = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.04-1.50, P = 0.018). Cell sorting of PBMC followed by DNAm is currently underway for further validation. We showed an in-depth view of the variability of EAA across leukocyte subtypes, and more importantly, demonstrated that monocyte EAA was associated with CMP risk. Our novel finding is plausible and consistent with the literature implicating monocyte-derived cardiac macrophages in cardiac remodeling, which can be induced by cardiotoxic cancer treatment exposures in CCS. Therapeutic strategies that prevent deleterious effects of monocytes contributing to adverse cardiac remodeling, while sparing their essential immune functions, may prevent or ameliorate CMP among CCS. Citation Format: Cheng Chen, Qian Dong, Qin Na, Nan Song, John Easton, Heather L. Mulder, Emily Walker, Geoffrey Neale, Emily R. Finch, Qian Li, Yutaka Yasui, Daniel A. Mulrooney, Melissa M. Hudson, Kirsten K. Ness, Jinghui Zhang, Xiang Chen, Hui Wang, Leslie L. Robison, Zhaoming Wang. Monocyte-specific epigenetic age acceleration and cardiomyopathy risk among survivors of childhood cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 4363.

Bluish Mycena are rare, but constitute a taxonomically complex group. A total of eight bluish species in four sections have previously been reported from North America, Europe, Oceania and Asia. Two species with a blue pileus, collected in China during our taxonomic study of Mycena s.l., are described here as new to science: Mycena caeruleogriseasp. nov. and M. caeruleomarginatasp. nov. Detailed descriptions, line drawings and a morphological comparison with closely-related species, especially herbarium specimens of M. subcaerulea from the USA, are provided. The results of Bayesian Inference and Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic analyses of a dataset of 96 nuclear rDNA ITS and 20 nLSU sequences of 43 Mycena species are also presented. The morphological data and the results of the phylogenetic analyses support the introduction of M. caeruleogrisea and M. caeruleomarginata as new species. A taxonomic key to bluish Mycena species of sections Amictae, Cyanocephalae, Sacchariferae and Viscipelles is provided.

Food ingredient adulteration, especially the adulteration of milk and dairy products, is one of the important issues of food safety. The large price difference between camel milk powder, ovine, and bovine milk powder may be an incentive for the incorporation of ovine and bovine derived foods in camel milk products. This study evaluated the use of ordinary PCR and real-time PCR for the detection of camel milk powder adulteration based on the presence of ovine and bovine milk components. DNA was extracted from camel, ovine, and bovine milk powder using a deep-processed product column DNA extraction kit. The quality of the extracted DNA was detected by amplifying the target sequence from the mitochondrial Cytb gene, and the extracted DNA was used for the identification of milk powder based on PCR analysis. In addition, PCR-based methods (both ordinary PCR and real-time PCR) were used to detect laboratory adulteration models of milk powder using primers targeting mitochondrial genes. The results show that the ordinary PCR method had better sensitivity and could qualitatively detect ovine and bovine milk components in the range of 1% to 100% in camel milk powder. The commercial camel milk powder was used to verify the practicability of this method. The real-time PCR normalization system has a good exponential correlation (R2 = 0.9822 and 0.9923) between ovine or bovine content and Ct ratio (specific/internal reference gene) and allows for the quantitative determination of ovine or bovine milk contents in adulterated camel milk powder samples. Accuracy was effectively validated using simulated adulterated samples, with recoveries ranging from 80% to 110% with a coefficient of variation of less than 7%, exhibiting sufficient parameters of trueness. The ordinary PCR qualitative detection and real-time PCR quantitative detection method established in this study proved to be a specific, sensitive, and effective technology, which is expected to be used for market detection.

Camel meat could have health benefits for human consumers due to its nutritional value. The influence of age and muscle type on the chemical composition and quality characteristics of Bactrian camel meat was examined in the present study. Samples of the

About a century after the first finding in northern Vietnam (1908), Coprinus leucostictus is rediscovered on 12 localities in southern India and southern to southeastern China, growing in evergreen subtropical or tropical forests. It is morphologically a rather unique species with coprinoid basidiomata, strongly branched and diverticulate veil hyphae, and a hymeniderm pileipellis. The BLAST search of ITS and tef-1α sequences showed its close relationship to Hausknechtia floriformis, which is not clear based on morphological characters. Multigene phylogenetic analysis of a concatenated dataset of ITS, LSU, tef-1α, and β-tubulin sequences, revealed C. leucostictus and H. floriformis as separate, but sister species. Molecular phylogenetic relationships within the family Psathyrellaceae (including 17 genera) are presented in the phylogram. The genera Hausknechtia and Candolleomyces formed two well-supported lineages and were recovered as a monophyletic group. A total of 27 sequences from the genus Hausknechtia were newly generated in this study. Coprinus leucostictus is combined as Hausknechtia leucosticta, its epitype is designated, and the hitherto monotypic genus Hausknechtia is emended. A detailed morphological description of H. leucosticta supplemented with colour photographs and line drawings is provided.

Additional file 1: Fig. S1. The scatter plots between chronological age and epigenetic age based on four epigenetic clocks. Fig. S2. QQ plots of EAA GWAS based on four epigenetic clocks. Fig. S3. Distribution of intrinsic epigenetic age acceleration (IEAA) across five quintiles of polygenic risk score (PRS) for IEAA. Fig. S4. Molecular mechanism for associations between rs732314, chest/abdominal/pelvic-RT and EAA-Horvath. Table S1. SNPs (except the top one) significantly associated with EAA-Horvath and EAA-Hannum among survivors (SJLIFE1, SJLIFE2) and controls. Table S2. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with significant associations with IEAA-Horvath and EEAA-Hannum among survivors (SJLIFE1, SJLIFE2) and controls. Table S3. Differentially methylated regions (DMR) between the SJLIFE1 data set of survivors and controls overlapping with rs28366133 (+/- 500 kb) in HLA region. Table S4. Multivariable linear regression models for the two top SNPs. Table S5. Estimated SNP heritability of EAA based on each of four clock methods using single-trait LD Score Regression of the GWAS of the SJLIFE1 data set. Table S6. Estimated genetic correlation between EAA-Horvath and other traits using LD Score Regression of the GWAS of the SJLIFE1 data set (P

Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) meat, as a product of national geographical indication, is mainly produced in the northwest regions of China. This study systematically evaluated the edible quality, nutritional quality, and carcinogenic substances of Bactrian camel meat using different heating times in four thermal processing methods (steaming, boiling, frying, and microwaving). Compared with the control group (uncooked), the thermal processing of meat demonstrated lower redness and moisture content; higher shear force values and protein, fat, and ash contents; and sharply increased the levels of amino acids and fatty acids. The moisture content of the fried and microwave-treated meat was significantly lower than that of the steamed and boiled meat (p < 0.05). Steamed meat was higher in protein but had a lower fat content than the other three processing methods (p < 0.05). Compared with frying and microwaving, meat from steaming and boiling showed higher levels of essential amino acids and lower shear force values. However, the smoke generated during frying led to the formation of large amounts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitrites, and the levels of these substances increased with heating time. In addition, with the extension of the heating time, the shear force of the meat also increased gradually (p < 0.05). In summary, steaming and boiling were proven to be suitable processing methods for preserving better nutritional values while delivering less carcinogenic risk. With our results, we have established a nutritional database for Bactrian camel meat, providing a reference for selecting a suitable thermal processing method.

During a study of Mycena s.l. in eastern China, a distinct species, Mycena yuezhuoi, was collected on the Jiaodong Peninsula. Mycena yuezhuoi has the following characteristics: a purple pileus, emarginate and white lamellae, elongated pip-shaped to cylindrical basidiospores, and cheilocystidia that are smooth or occasionally have an apical protrusion. The discovery of M. yuezhuoi provides new material for the study of Mycena sect. Calodontes, especially the M. pura complex. Although M. yuezhuoi closely resembles M. pura regarding macroscopic characteristics, it forms a monophyletic clade in phylogenetic trees that is distinct from clades in the M. pura complex. Moreover, the molecular phylogeny obtained from a combined analysis of multiple gene regions (ITS+RPB1+tEF1) supports the results of the morphological identification. We propose Mycena yuezhuoi as a new species based on morphological observations and phylogenetic analyses and provide line drawings, photos, descriptions, and comparisons with allied species.

An updated description of the genus Atheniella, combining macro- and micromorphological characters that elaborate on the original generic characterisation, is presented. Atheniella is characterised by a brightly coloured pileus, all tissues inamyloid and pileipellis covered with simple to branched excrescences. Previously, nine Atheniella species were known globally, of which three species were accepted in China. Three newly-recognised species classified in the genus are here formally described from Yunnan Province: Atheniella flavidasp. nov., A. rutilasp. nov. and A. taoyaosp. nov. The new species are characterised by a yellow, orange, pink or red pileus, fusiform cheilocystidia and pleurocystidia, non-smooth pileipellis, stipitipellis smooth or with cylindrical ornamentation, caulocystidia fusiform or subglobose, if present and all tissues inamyloid. Morphological descriptions, photographs, line drawings and comparisons with closely-related taxa are presented for the new species. A phylogenetic analysis of sequence data for the rDNA internal transcribed spacer region and nuclear large ribosomal subunit (ITS + nLSU) supported that Atheniella is resolved as monophyletic and also supported the taxonomic recognition of the new species. A key to the 12 species of Atheniella is also provided.

Background: To evaluate the effect of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) in nervous system of premature infants including different dosage. Methods: The multiple databases like Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane databases and China National Knowledge Database were used to search for the relevant studies, and full-text articles involved in the evaluation on effect of rhEPO for neurodevelopment among premature infants. Review Manager 5.2 was adopted to estimate the effects of the results among selected articles. Forest plots, sensitivity analysis and bias analysis for the articles included were also conducted. Results: Finally, 10 eligible studies were eventually satisfied the included criteria. The results showed that rhEPO was much higher than placebo group in composite cognitive score (MD = 5.89, 95% confidential interval {CI} [1.95, 9.82], P = .003; I2 = 89%), there was no significant difference between rhEPO and placebo groups (RR = 0.93, 95% CI [0.60, 1.43], P = .74; I2 = 51%) and no difference in neurodevelopmental impairment between rhEPO and placebo was insignificant (RR = 0.55 95% CI [0.30, 1.02], P = .06). Composite cognitive score in high dose rhEPO was much higher than placebo group (MD = 10.39, 95% CI [8.84, 11.93], P

Objectives Mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are derived from the inner cell mass of blastocyst‐stage embryos and cultured in different culture media with varied pluripotency. Sporadically, a small population of ESCs exhibit 2‐cell stage embryonic features in serum containing medium. However, whether ESCs can transit into 2‐cell embryo‐like (2C‐like) cells in the chemically defined media remains largely unknown. Materials and Methods We established a robust in vitro induction system, based on retinoic acid (RA) containing chemically defined media, which can efficiently increase the subpopulation of 2C‐like cells. Further test the pluripotency and 2C features of ESCs cultured in RA. 2C reporter‐positive cells were selected by FACS; the level of protein was detected via immunofluorescence staining and western blot; the level gene expressions were measured by RNA‐seq. Results Retinoic acid drives a NELFA (negative elongation factor A)‐mediated 2C‐like state in mouse ESCs, characterized with 2C‐specific transcriptional networks and the ability to contribute trophectoderm (TE) when injected into developing embryos. In addition, RA treatment triggers DNA hypomethylation, active histone modification, suppressed glycolysis metabolism and reduced protein synthesis activity of ESCs. Conclusions We showed that RA has a broader role in 2C‐like cells state, not only is one of the upstream regulators of the 2C‐like state in chemically defined media but also illuminates genetic and epigenetic regulations that govern ESCs to 2C‐like transition., 2C‐like cells arise spontaneously in ESCs upon serum and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) containing culture medium and 2C‐like cells refers to totipotent. Yet, the establishment of totipotency is poorly understood. Intriguingly, naïve ESCs culture medium fail to induce 2C‐like state of ESCs. In this study, we report a robust in vitro induction system, based on retinoic acid (RA) containing chemically defined media, which can efficiently increase 2C‐like cells population in culture without any genetic modification and serum. As ever more mechanisms of totipotent cells are unraveled, data of this study will provide new impulses for stem cell research. ​

An updated description of the genus Atheniella, combining macro- and micromorphological characters that elaborate on the original generic characterisation, is presented. Atheniella is characterised by a brightly coloured pileus, all tissues inamyloid and pileipellis covered with simple to branched excrescences. Previously, nine Atheniella species were known globally, of which three species were accepted in China. Three newly-recognised species classified in the genus are here formally described from Yunnan Province: Atheniella flavidasp. nov., A. rutilasp. nov. and A. taoyaosp. nov. The new species are characterised by a yellow, orange, pink or red pileus, fusiform cheilocystidia and pleurocystidia, non-smooth pileipellis, stipitipellis smooth or with cylindrical ornamentation, caulocystidia fusiform or subglobose, if present and all tissues inamyloid. Morphological descriptions, photographs, line drawings and comparisons with closely-related taxa are presented for the new species. A phylogenetic analysis of sequence data for the rDNA internal transcribed spacer region and nuclear large ribosomal subunit (ITS + nLSU) supported that Atheniella is resolved as monophyletic and also supported the taxonomic recognition of the new species. A key to the 12 species of Atheniella is also provided.

This current study presents three novel Mycena species that grow exclusively on specific substrata in southern China, including Castanea mollissima fruits, Fagaceae leaves and Lauraceae twigs or leaves. Mycena castaneicola belongs to Mycena section Sacchariferae stirps Amparoina, because its stipe has a prominent basal disc and it has cherocytes, acanthocysts and caulocystidia covered with spinules. The two other new Mycena species belong to M. section Sacchariferae stirps Adscendens, because of their basal disc characteristics, lack of cherocytes on the pileal surface and the presence of smooth caulocystidia. Mycena hyalinostipitata is characterised by a hyaline stipe, two types of acanthocysts and fusiform caulocystidia. Mycena substylobates can be easily distinguished by its obovoid acanthocysts and irregularly shaped caulocystidia. Detailed descriptions, line drawings and a discussion of morphological characteristics are provided herein. In addition to morphological comparisons with related taxa, phylogenetic analyses of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) nrDNA sequence data were conducted. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses of the ITS dataset confirmed the morphology-based classification.

A recent study suggests that the deep dolomites in well Xike-1 located more than 1000 m deep have a very low porosity, and no permeability for most of the samples. Given that the largest oil and gas fields in the South China Sea are all composed of biohermal dolomites while the deep dolomites of Xike-1 serve as the caprock formations rather than the reservoirs, this represents the first discovery and is of great theoretical importance. In this paper, core photos of the tight dolomites are presented. Hand specimens description and systematic porosity-permeability reveal a very low porosity, and no permeability for most of the samples. PLM, SEM and XRPD analysis discovered that the dolostones in the deep tight dolomites are quite large in size and euhedral or subhedral in shape. Alizarin red-stained sections are mostly pink in color and have a full coverage, which are considered as evidence for multiple calcite intrusions after the formation of ankerite dolomites. Biological relict textures are developed. The order degree is medium to low. The dolomites could be the product of penecontemporaneous dolomitization.

Camel meat could have health benefits for human consumers due to its nutritional value. The influence of age and muscle type on the chemical composition and quality characteristics of Bactrian camel meat was examined in the present study. Samples of the Longissimus thoracic (LT), Semitendinosus (ST), and Psoas major (PM) muscles were collected from a total of fifteen male camels in three different age groups (3–4 years, 6–7 years, and 9–10 years). The younger camels exhibited higher values of moisture, polyunsaturated fatty acids, ultimate pH, cooking loss, and lightness, but lower fat, shear force, and redness values compared to meat collected from older camels. The LT muscle had higher fat and color parameters (lightness, redness, yellowness) but lower shear force values than the ST and PM muscles (p < 0.05). The ST muscles had a higher content of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids but lower cooking loss values than the LT and PM muscles. These results indicated that younger camels provide better meat quality traits than older camels. The results of the present study will improve the marketing of Bactrian camel meat products and will provide more information about the most suitable muscles and the optimal slaughter age.

Objective A meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effects of dietary chromium picolinate (CrPic) supplementation on broiler growth performance and to determine whether such effects are regulated by broiler strains, sex, environmental stress, or contextual factors including study area and years. Methods Eligible studies were identified by searching the Web of Science, Springer, Elsevier, ScienceDirect, Taylor & Francis Online databases. Weighted average differences with corresponding 95% confidence intervals were computed with a random-effects model. We performed subgroup analysis stratified by study area, published years, broiler strains and sex, and environmental stress. Publication bias was assessed with Egger’s test method. A total of 15 studies eligible for inclusion. Results The results indicated that CrPic supplementation significantly improved broiler growth performance and subgroup analysis confirmed this conclusion. We also found that Ross 308 or male broilers might be more sensitive to CrPic supplementation and showed better growth performance. A model was used to obtain the amount of chromium addition under the optimal growth performance, which suggested that the maximum value of average daily gain (ADG) was reached when chromium addition was 1810 μg/kg. The results of the sensitivity analysis showed low sensitivity and high stability of the meta-analysis. Conclusions CrPic supplementation had a positive effect on the growth performance of broilers, and this meta-analysis provides a more accurate value of chromium addition, which may be beneficial for the practice of the broiler industry.

Application of power-electronic transformers to train traction system is an obvious trend of development. This promote light-weight and small-volume design, and thus enables energy-saving and higher speed of trains. On the other hand, fragile power-electronic components are connected to the grid because traditional transforms are removed. Robustness and fault-tolerant capability of power-electronic transforms become crucial. In this paper $H_{\infty}$ controller is proposed for inner-loop control for a single-phase PWM rectifier with parametric uncertainties, frequency perturbation and AC current disturbance. Impact of this control strategy on supply current, output voltage ripple and dq-axis currents is studied. A comparison with linear quadratic regulator (LQR) is presented to prove the robustness of the proposed controller.

Cyber security is a vital performance metric for networks. Wiretap attacks belong to passive attacks. It commonly exists in wired or wireless networks, where an eavesdropper steals useful information by wiretapping messages being shipped on network links. It seriously damages the confidentiality of communications. This paper proposed a secure network coding system architecture against wiretap attacks. It combines and collaborates network coding with cryptography technology. Some illustrating examples are given to show how to build such a system and prove its defense is much stronger than a system with a single defender, either network coding or cryptography. Moreover, the system is characterized by flexibility, simplicity, and easy to set up. Finally, it could be used for both deterministic and random network coding system.

Soldier Radio Waveform (SRW) network is a kind of mobile Ad hoc network. It is mostly suitable to tactical or emergency communications. The Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) control mechanism of Barrage Relay Network (BRN) is used in SRW. To make simulation study on BRN, a group of network models, node models, and process models of BRN are built with OPNET simulation kits. Moreover, the simulation study includes Controlled Barrage Region (CBR), which is a representative application of BRN. The procedures of building CBR and data transmission are implemented. The correctness of these models is proved by extensive simulation experiments and rigorous analyses. These models can be used in both academic study and industrial applications.

Phylogenetic reconstruction revealed that Mycena stirps Amparoina, which is traditionally classified in sect. Sacchariferae, should be treated at section level. Section Amparoina is characterised by the presence or absence of cherocytes, the presence of acanthocysts and spinulose caulocystidia. Eight species referred to Mycenasect.Amparoinasect. nov. are recognised in China. Of these taxa, four new species classified in the new section are formally described: M.bicystidiatasp. nov., M.griseotinctasp. nov., M.hygrophoroidessp. nov. and M.miscanthisp. nov. The new species are characterised by the absence of both cherocytes and a basal disc, along with the presence of acanthocysts on the pileus, spinulose cheilocystidia and caulocystidia. Descriptions of the new species, accompanied by illustrations of morphological characters and comparisons with closely related taxa, are provided. A multi-locus analysis utilising the ITS + nLSU + SSU regions was carried out using maximum likelihood and Bayesian Inference. A key to the 12 species of sect. Amparoinasect. nov. and sect. Sacchariferae that are found in China is provided.

Membrane aerated biofilm reactor (MABR), as a wastewater biotreatment technology, is approaching maturity on the commercial scale. The gas-permeable membrane used in MABR allows the diffusion of oxygen into the attached biofilm, which directly leads to biological oxidation of pollutants in wastewater. This research aims to identify the capabilities of nitrification and oxygen transfer of ZeelungTM fibres used in MABR system. The impacts of various C/N ratios (in the range of 0.4-5.3) on membrane modules using 3 bench-scale reactors were investigated in this study throughout a 210 day-long experiment. This study demonstrated that the removal efficiencies of 92% for BOD, 99% for ammonia and 25% for TN while 16 g/m2/d of oxygen transfer ability could be accomplished in the chosen conditions. A dramatical reduction in the population of nitrifying bacteria with high C/N ratio in hybrid operation mode was identified through analyzing biofilm samples by the combination of FISH and CLSM methods. Suez Environment

Based on experiments and first-principles calculations, a ternary Ni–Al–Ta embedded-atom-method (EAM) potential is constructed. The dislocation movement and mechanical behavior of γ′(Ni3Al,Ta) is investigated using the molecular dynamics method with the ternary potential. The planar fault energies of Ni3Al calculated with the potential increase with the addition of Ta. The simulation results reveal that the edge dislocation has a very jerky movement, and both complex Lomer–Cottrell locks and dislocation dipoles are formed in the slipping process. The dislocation dipole can react with an edge superpartial dislocation and form a complex Lomer–Cottrell lock to block its movement. The addition of Ta can decelerate the motion of edge dislocations and inhibit the production of dislocation dipoles. It can be concluded that Ta has the potential to retard the deformation in γ′(Ni3Al). The present paper provides valuable insight into the effect of Ta on the superdislocation mobility of γ′(Ni3Al).

Based on experiments and first-principles calculations, a ternary Ni–Al–W embedded-atom-method (EAM) potential is constructed for the Ni-based single crystal superalloys. The potential predicts that W atoms do not tend to form clusters in γ(Ni), which is consistent with experiments. The impurity diffusion of W in γ(Ni) is investigated using the five-frequency model. The diffusion coefficients and the diffusion activation energy of W are in reasonable agreement with the data in literatures. By W doping, the lattice misfit between the two phases decreases and the elastic constants of γ′(Ni3Al) increase. As for alloyed elements Co, Re and W, the pinning effect of solute atom on the γ(Ni)/γ′(Ni3Al) misfit dislocation increases with the increasing of the atomic radius.

An automatic, adaptive, spectrogram-based algorithm for picking the arrival time of microseismic data is proposed. The algorithm provides a significant improvement in the ratio of detected events to false triggers and in the resolution of the microseismic structure. It mainly addresses the problem of automatic picking when the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) is low and so false and missed triggers frequently occur. It combines the short time average/long time average (STA/LTA) algorithm with an envelope algorithm. It also constructs an envelope from a time-frequency representation of the signal. The threshold is set dynamically, according to the existing noise level and the S/N ratio. The algorithm also uses the fixed LTA value to represent the noise level for a seismic record. It is applied to pick the arrival times of P-waves of local events recorded at eight stations.

Four species of Mycena possessing a colored lamellar are reported. Of these, Mycena entolomoides is described as new and is distinguished by an incarnate color of the whole lamellae, and M. citrinomarginata, M. purpureofusca, and M. strobilinoidea are recorded for the first time in China. A complete description, drawings and photographs of the morphological characters of M. entolomoides sp. nov. are accompanied by comparisons with closely related taxa. The three species newly recorded in China are considered in agreement with those species in Europe and North America. Phylogenetic analysis based on ITS sequences showed that M. entolomoides sp. nov. forms a monophyletic clade, well supported by maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference.

Relaxation and local structure changes of a molten TiAl alloy film during quenching have been investigated by molecular dynamics simulations within the framework of embedded atom method (EAM). The details of atom motions are analyzed using mean square displacement (MSD). Accompanying with massive atom rearrangement at a certain quenched temperature and time, local structural patterns are identified by decomposing peaks of pair distribution functions (PDFs) according to the pair analysis(PA) technique. The relaxation factor clearly reveals two relaxation processes involving in slow relaxation and fast relaxation of the quenched liquid TiAl film. Concerning the studied film, the obtained results reveal how quenched temperatures affect local structure changes.

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Icotinib - an orally administered, highly potent selective inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its active mutations, in the treatment of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).A total of 101 patients with stage IIIb/IV NSCLC were treated with 125 mg Icotinib three times a day until disease progression or intolerable toxicity. Response rate was evaluated using response evaluation criteria in solid tumors and progression-free survival (PFS) was collected.The overall response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were 37.6% (38/101) and 79.2% (80/101), respectively. The median PFS was 6.5 months. Multivariate analysis showed that female gender (P= 0.048, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.010-6.016) and occurrence of rash (P= 0.002, 95% CI 1.667-9.809) were the independent predictive factors for ORR, while a performance status (PS) score of 0-1 (P= 0.001, 95% CI 0.024-0.402) and rash (P= 0.042, 95% CI 1.089-76.557) were the independent predictive factors for DCR. In addition, PS scores of 0-1 (P0.001, 95% CI 0.135-0.509), and non-smoking (P= 0.017, 95% CI 0.342-0.900) were found to be independent influencing factors for PFS. Moreover, patients with EGFR mutations had better PFS than patients with wild type EGFR, while patients with EGFR exon 19 deletion had better survival than those with EGFR exon 21 mutation. The most common adverse effects of Icotinib were rash (35.6%) and diarrhea (17.8%), which was tolerable.Treatment of stage IIIb/IV NSCLC patients with Icotinib was effective and tolerable, specifically in patients with EGFR mutation.

A newly synthesized NHC-Pd(II)-morpholine complex shows efficient catalytic activity toward Suzuki—Miyaura coupling of aryl sulfamates (I) with arylboronic acids (II) or potassium phenyltrifluoroborate (IV).

Readily available NHC–Pd(II)–Mp complexes 2 showed efficient catalytic activity toward the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling of aryl sulfamates with arylboronic acids or potassium phenyltrifluoroborate, giving the expected coupling products in good to high yields. It should be noted that this is the first example so far of the phosphine-free, NHC–Pd(II) complexes catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura coupling of aryl sulfamates with arylboronic acids.

Relaxation and local structure changes of a molten Cu57 cluster during rapidly quenching have been studied by molecular dynamics simulation using embedded atom method. With decreasing quenching temperature, atom motion details are analyzed using three factors, including the mean square displacement, incoherent intermediate scattering function, and non-Gaussian parameter, while the local structure changes are identified by pair analysis. Simulation results reveal that after a drastic collective motion of atoms, the temperature greatly affects the relaxation processes of the cooled cluster. At a high quenching temperature, after atoms dramatically move in a β relaxation region, diffusion motion of the atoms plays a dominant roles followed by non-diffusion rearrangements of local atomic structures, and no nucleation occurs. When the temperature decreases, local structure changes of atoms occur as the initial dramatic motion, then through the diffusion of atoms in the α relaxation region, and some unstable icosahedral structures are observed. At a low quenching temperature, the structure changes in the α relaxation region result mainly from non-diffusion rearrangement of the atom positions, and a notable amount of icosahedral structures are formed.