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The NCCN Guidelines for Colorectal Cancer (CRC) Screening describe various colorectal screening modalities as well as recommended screening schedules for patients at average or increased risk of developing sporadic CRC. They are intended to aid physicians with clinical decision-making regarding CRC screening for patients without defined genetic syndromes. These NCCN Guidelines Insights focus on select recent updates to the NCCN Guidelines, including a section on primary and secondary CRC prevention, and provide context for the panel's recommendations regarding the age to initiate screening in average risk individuals and follow-up for low-risk adenomas.

Leah L Zullig,1,2 Valerie A Smith,1,2 Jennifer H Lindquist,1 Christina D Williams,3,4 Morris Weinberger,1,5 Dawn Provenzale,1,4 George L Jackson,1,2 Michael J Kelley,6–8 Susanne Danus,1 Hayden B Bosworth1,2,91Center for Health Services Research in Primary Care, Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, NC, USA; 2Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; 3Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; 4Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center, Durham, NC, USA; 5Department of Health Policy and Management, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; 6Office of Specialty Care Services, Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC, USA; 7Hematology-Oncology Service, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; 8Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; 9Departments of Psychiatry and School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, NC, USAPurpose: The growing number of colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors often have multiple chronic conditions. Comparing nonmetastatic CRC survivors and matched noncancer controls, our objectives were to determine the odds of CRC survivors being diagnosed with cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related chronic conditions and their likelihood of control during the year after CRC diagnosis.Patients and methods: We retrospectively identified patients diagnosed with nonmetastatic CRC in the Veterans Affairs health care system from fiscal years 2009 to 2012 and matched each with up to 3 noncancer control patients. We used logistic regression to assess differences in the likelihood of being diagnosed with CVD-related chronic conditions and control between nonmetastatic CRC survivors and noncancer controls.Results: We identified 9,758 nonmetastatic CRC patients and matched them to 29,066 noncancer controls. At baseline, 69.4% of CRC survivors and their matched controls were diagnosed with hypertension, 52.4% with hyperlipidemia, and 36.7% with diabetes. Compared to matched noncancer controls, CRC survivors had 57% higher odds of being diagnosed with hypertension (OR=1.57, 95% CI=1.49–1.64) and 7% higher odds of controlled blood pressure (OR=1.07, 95% CI 1.02, 1.13) in the subsequent year. Compared to matched noncancer control patients, CRC survivors had half the odds of being diagnosed with hyperlipidemia (OR=0.50, 95% CI=0.48–0.52) and lower odds of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) control (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.81–0.94). There were no significant differences between groups for diabetes diagnoses or control.Conclusion: Compared to noncancer controls, nonmetastatic CRC survivors have 1) greater likelihood of being diagnosed with hypertension and worse blood pressure control in the year following diagnosis; 2) lower likelihood of being diagnosed with hyperlipidemia or LDL control; and 3) comparable diabetes diagnoses and control. There may be a need for hypertension control interventions targeting cancer survivors.Keywords: Veterans Affairs, colorectal neoplasms, cancer survivors, cardiovascular disease, comorbidity, chronic disease management

SPIRIT 2013 Checklist: Recommended items to address in a clinical trial protocol and related documents*. (DOC 122 kb)

Additional file 1. VA Cooperative Study #380 Clinic Survey Form.

World Health Organization trial registration dataset. (DOCX 15 kb)

Additional file 2. VA Cooperative Study #380 Medical History Form.

Informed consent language. (DOCX 16 kb)

Figure S1. Association between CRC and CVD risk factors. This figure depicts individual and shared risk factors for CRC and CVD. (DOCX 266Â kb)

Nearly 50,000 incident cancer cases are reported in Veterans Affairs (VA) Central Cancer Registry (VACCR) annually. This article provides an updated report of cancer incidence recorded in VACCR.Data were obtained from VACCR for incident cancers diagnosed in the VA health care system, focusing on 2010 data. Cancer incidence among VA patients is described by anatomical site, sex, race, stage, and geographic location, and was compared to the general U.S. cancer population.In 2010, among 46,170 invasive cancers, 97% were diagnosed among men. Approximately 80% of newly diagnosed patients were white, 19% black, and less than 2% were other minority races. Median age at diagnosis was 65 years. The three most frequently diagnosed cancers among VA were prostate (29%), lung/bronchus (18%), and colon/rectum (8%). Melanoma and kidney/renal pelvis tied for fourth (4%), and urinary bladder tied for sixth with liver and intrahepatic bile duct (3.4%). Approximately 23% of prostate, 21% of lung/bronchus, and 31% of colon/rectum cancers were diagnosed with Stage I disease. The overall invasive cancer incidence rate among VA users was 505.8 per 100,000 person-years.Although the composition of the VA population is shifting and includes a larger number of women, registry data indicate that incident cancers in VA in 2010 were most similar to those observed among U.S. men. Consistent reporting of VACCR data is important to provide accurate estimates of VA cancer incidence. This information can be used to plan efforts to improve quality of cancer care and access to services.

Symptom-based conditions such as chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and medically unexplained multi-symptom illness (MSI) are fairly common in the general population and are also important veteran's health concerns due to their higher frequency among U.S. veterans who served during the 1990-1991 Gulf War. CFS, MSI, and other symptom-based conditions are often associated with considerable morbidity due to fatigue, chronic pain, neurologic symptoms, and other symptoms that can impair the quality of life. This article discusses several important issues of methodology that arise in population studies of CFS and MSI. These include the exclusion criteria that have been used in population studies to define CFS-like illness and unexplained MSI, the potential for false positive and false negative assessments of illness status, the potential for sex differences, and the poorly understood natural history of these symptom-based conditions across the life span. As an empirical example of these methodology issues, we examined existing data from a 2005 follow-up survey. We found that 64.9% (762 of 1,175) of female Gulf War veterans and 53.4% (2,530 of 4,739) of male Gulf War veterans had 1 or more exclusionary medical conditions. The prevalence among veterans with one or more exclusionary medical conditions increased markedly by age among females and those with a low income.

Our objective was to determine how patient preferences guide the course of palliative chemotherapy for advanced colorectal cancer.

Approximately 40,000 incident cancer cases are reported in the Veterans Affairs Central Cancer Registry (VACCR) annually (approximately 3% of U.S. cancer cases). Our objective was to provide the first comprehensive description of cancer incidence as reported in VACCR.Data were obtained from VACCR for incident cancers diagnosed in VA. Analyses focused on 2007 data. Cancer incidence among VA patients was compared to the general U.S. cancer population.In 2007, 97.5% of VA cancers were diagnosed among men. Approximately 78.5% of newly diagnosed patients were White, 19.0% Black, and 2.5% were another race. Median age at diagnosis was 66 years. The geographic distribution of cancer patients in VA aligns that of VA users. The most commonly diagnosed cancers were similar between VA and the U.S. male cancer population. The five most frequently diagnosed cancers among VA cancer patients were: prostate (31.8%), lung/bronchus (18.8%), colon/rectum (8.6%), urinary bladder (3.6%), and skin melanomas (3.4%). VA patients were diagnosed at an earlier stage of disease for the three most commonly diagnosed cancers--lung/bronchus, colon/rectum, and prostate--compared to the U.S. male cancer population.Registry data indicate that incident cancers in VA in 2007 approximately mirrored those observed among U.S. men.

Patients must have transportation to the treatment site before they can access appropriate cancer care. This paper describes factors associated with patients experiencing transportation-related barriers to accessing cancer care.

Approximately 40,000 incident cancer cases are reported in VA Central Cancer Registry (VACCR) annually (~3% of United States cancer cases). Our objective was to provide the first comprehensive description of cancer incidence as reported in VACCR.

BackgroundWe describe early dissemination patterns for first-line bevacizumab given for metastatic colorectal cancer treatment.MethodsWe analyzed patient surveys and medical records for a population-based cohort with metastatic colorectal cancer treated in multiple regions and health systems in the United States (US). Eligible patients were diagnosed with metastatic colorectal cancer and initiated first-line chemotherapy after US Food & Drug Administration (FDA) bevacizumab approval in February 2004. First-line bevacizumab therapy was defined as receiving bevacizumab within 8 weeks of starting chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer. We evaluated factors associated with first-line bevacizumab treatment using logistic regression.ResultsAmong 355 patients, 31% received first-line bevacizumab in the two years after FDA approval, including 26% of men, 41% of women, and 16% of those ≥ 75 years. Use rose sharply within 6 months after FDA approval, then plateaued. 20% of patients received bevacizumab in combination with irinotecan; 53% received it with oxaliplatin. Men were less likely than women to receive bevacizumab (adjusted OR 0.55; 95% CI 0.32-0.93; p = 0.026). Patients ≥ 75 years were less likely to receive bevacizumab than patients < 55 years (adjusted OR 0.13; 95% CI 0.04-0.46; p = 0.001).ConclusionsOne-third of eligible metastatic colorectal cancer patients received first-line bevacizumab shortly after FDA approval. Most patients did not receive bevacizumab as part of the regimen used in the pivotal study leading to FDA approval.