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Bacterial secondary metabolites are a valuable source of various molecules that have antibacterial and anticancer activity. In this study, ten endosymbiotic bacteria of aphids, aphid predators and ants were isolated. Bacterial strains were identified according to the 16S rRNA gene. Ethyl acetate fractions of methanol extract (EA-ME) were prepared from each isolated bacterium and tested for their antibacterial activities using the disk diffusion method. The EA-ME of three bacterial species, Planococcus sp., Klebsiella aerogenes, Enterococcus avium, from the pomegranate aphids Aphis punicae, Chrysoperia carnea, and Tapinoma magnum, respectively, exhibited elevated antibacterial activity against one or several of the five pathogenic bacteria tested. The inhibition zones ranged from 10.00 ± 0.13 to 20.00 ± 1.11 mm, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.156 mg/mL to 1.25 mg/mL. The most notable antibacterial activity was found in the EA-ME of K. aerogenes against Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli, with an MIC value of 0.156 mg/mL. The cytotoxic activity of EA-ME was dependent on the cell line tested. The most significant cytotoxicity effect was observed for extracts of K. aerogenes and E. avium, at 12.5 µg/mL, against the epithelial cells of lung carcinoma (A549), with a cell reduction of 79.4% and 67.2%, respectively. For the EA-ME of K. aerogenes and Pantoea agglomerans at 12.5 µg/mL, 69.4% and 67.8% cell reduction were observed against human colon cancer (Hct116), respectively. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of three EA-ME revealed the presence of several bioactive secondary metabolites that have been reported previously to possess antibacterial and anticancer properties. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the biological activities of endosymbiotic bacteria in aphids, aphid predators and ants. The promising data presented in this study may pave the way for alternative drugs to overcome the continued emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, and find alternative drugs to conventional cancer therapies.

Warehouses are essential for any logistical operation, and Forklifts are efficient tools for moving products and pallets inside warehouses. Forklifts are also heavy machines that are prone to inflict damage on pallets and goods. The demand for forklift operators increases with the demand for forklifts. Inexperienced forklift operators must be equipped with the right tools to carry out everyday tasks with minimum damage. This thesis focuses on investigating the damages that occur by forklifts in warehouse settings, and what measures that can be taken to reduce the damages. Contrary to existing literature that explores damages from the perspective of packaging technology, this study explores how damages happen and how they can be mitigated from the forklift's point of view. The investigation took part in a warehouse that carry out operations for a large furniture manufacturer. A case study was conducted and two major damage types were identified: puncture damages and impact damages, and the most common cause for the occurrence of these damages is the lack of visibility. The case study was followed by a design process to find a solution that fits the end users. The final concept takes form as a system solution, consisting of a sensor-based system that assists the forklift operator during loading and unloading. Along with this, a bumper was developed to mitigate the damage inflicted on goods during handling of goods. Varulager är avgörande för all logistisk verksamhet. Gaffeltruckar är effektiva verktyg för att flytta produkter och pallar inuti varulager. Gaffeltruckar är dock tunga maskiner som är benägna att orsaka skador på både pallar och gods. Efterfrågan på gaffeltruckförare ökar tillsammans med efterfrågan på gaffeltruckar. Oerfarna truckförare måste vara utrustade med rätt verktyg för att utföra dagliga uppgifter med minimala skador. Detta examensarbete fokuserar på att undersöka de skador som sker på grund av gaffeltruckar i lagermiljöer, och vilka åtgärder som kan vidtas för att minska skadorna. Till skillnad från befintlig litteratur som utforskar skador ur förpackningsteknologins perspektiv, undersöker denna studie hur skador uppstår och hur de kan minskas från en gaffeltrucks synvinkel. Utredningen tog plats i ett lager som bedriver verksamhet åt en stor möbeltillverkare. En fallstudie genomfördes och två primära skadetyper identifierades: punkteringsskador och slagskador, och den vanligaste orsaken till att dessa skador uppstår är bristen på sikt. Fallstudien följdes av en designprocess för att hitta en lösning som passar slutanvändarna. En produktutvecklingsprocess resulterade i en systemlösning, bestående av ett sensorbaserat system som hjälper truckföraren vid lastning och lossning. Tillsammans med detta utvecklades en stötfångare för att mildra skadorna på gods vid godshantering.

Антикоррозионная защита пульпопроводов при транспортировке отходов обогащения является важной задачей как для надлежащего функционирования горнопромышленного предприятия, так и для обеспечения экологической безопасности. На сегодняшний день проблема защиты металла от электрохимической коррозии, особенно в условиях почвенной среды, как одной из самых агрессивных коррозионных сред, требует особого внимания в связи с угрозой возникновения разрушений металлоконструкций с последующим значительным экономическим и экологическим ущербом. Соответственно, цель данного исследования заключается в выявлении высокоэффективного способа антикоррозионной защиты стальных пульпопроводов для безопасной транспортировки отходов обогатительных производств. В данной работе описаны существующие способы антикоррозионной защиты металла, рассмотрена комбинация нескольких протекторных способов: формирование защитной оксидной пленки и использование талькового адгезива., Corrosion protection of slurry pipelines for transportation of tailings is the important task both for appropriate functioning of mining enterprises and for provision of ecological safety. To date, the problem of metal protection from electrochemical corrosion, especially in soil conditions, as one of the most aggressive corrosive environments, requires special attention due to the threat of destruction of metal structures with subsequent significant economic and environmental damage. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to identify a highly effective method of corrosion protection of steel slurry pipelines for the safe transportation of waste from processing plants. This paper describes existing methods of corrosion protection of metal, considers a combination of several protection methods: formation of a protective oxide film and the use of talc adhesives., Управление техносферой, Выпуск 2 2023

Background In Taekwondo competitions, the rule is that points are scored when the impact of the kick reaches a predetermined threshold of strength. This study aimed to explore the adequacy of the protector and scoring system (PSS) designed to determine taekwondo body scoring based on a reference group model (RGM). Specifically, the kicking impact of the PSS was calculated using data from 188 matches fought during of 2018 Jakarta Asian Games. The RGM was designed based on empirical data by classifying the victory and defeat groups by gender and weight class, and the scoring method was set according to these criteria. Result The result of this study are as follows. First, there was no difference in the average impact of kicks of taekwondo players by weight class. Second, result of setting up the kick scoring impact standards of taekwondo PSS by classifying the winning and non-winning groups, the kick scoring impact set by the WT was found to be high in all weight classes except 58 kg. Lastly, result of comparing the settings of impact to score according to weight classes, the kick scoring impact standard set by the WT was higher in heavyweight (men's: under 80 kg, + 80 kg, women's: under 67 kg, over 67 kg) than in the lightweight (men's: under 58 kg, under 63 kg, under 68 kg, women's: under 49 kg, under 53 kg, under 57 kg). Conclusion The kick scoring impact set by the WT was found to be high in all weight classes except for the under 58 kg class defining kick scoring impact based on the standards of WT-certified PSS by classifying the matches into winning and non-winning groups. Finally, as a result of comparing the scoring impact settings according to weight class, the kick scoring impact standard set by the WT was higher for the heavier weight classes than for the lighter weight classes.

The consumption of psychoactive substances is currently considered a social phenomenon that especially affects adolescents, the prevalence of use and abuse of substances in the adolescent stage are high, given the high availability, currently adolescents have to learn to live with drugs, making decisions about their consumption or abstinence from them. Objective: To determine the risk and protective factors in adolescents for the consumption of psychoactive substances in the Finzenú urbanization of the city of Montería, 2022-01. Methodology: Descriptive, cross-sectional study. The population was made up of 50 adolescents from the Finzenú urbanization in the city of Montería. The participants were selected using the non-probabilistic sampling technique, stratified by coexistence. Results: The main sociodemographic characteristics of the research show that the highest percentage of participants are women with 60%, the group with the highest age range is found in 14 to 6 years with 64%; Single marital status predominates, socioeconomic stratum 1, they come from the urban area, 22% do not study, 10% work, 48% displaced, 74% live with parents and 26% with grandparents. In the risk factors identified with the highest prevalence for adolescents in the Finzenú urbanization in the city of Montería, they are emotional discomfort with 60%, assessment of SPA with 68% and social permissiveness and accessibility to SPA with 52%. In the protective factors present in the adolescents of this research, interpersonal relationships prevail with 72%, spirituality with 50% and social and self-control skills with 54%. On the other hand, the risk factors found in the female sex are preconceptions and assessment of PAS with 38% and emotional discomfort with 32%, while in men the preconceptions and assessment of PAS were found with 30%, emotional discomfort, spirituality with 26% and social permissiveness and accessibility to SPA with 24%. In this sense, women have interpersonal relationships as protective factors with 42%; spirituality, social and self-control skills, social permissiveness and accessibility to SPA with 34%. In turn, in men, interpersonal relationships prevail as a protective factor with 28% and social skills with 20%. Conclusion: the design, elaboration, implementation and application of prevention programs in the family and school environment should be objectives to be taken into account by the organizations and institutions related to the problem of drug use in adolescents. INTRODUCCIÓN………………………………..………………..……………… 11 1. OBJETIVOS……………………………………………...……..………..……. 14 1.1.GENERAL…………………………………….………………..…………..….14 1.2. ESPECÍFICOS…………………………….…………………..……………. 14 1.3. REFERENTE TEÓRICO………………..………………………..………….15 2.1. MARCO TEÓRICO…………………….…………………………..………..15 2.2. MARCO REFERENCIAL……………………….…………………..……… 23 2.3. MARCO CONCEPTUAL…………………….………………………..….… 30 2.4. MARCO LEGAL…………………………….…………………………..…….34 3. METODOLOGÍA …………..…………….…………………………………….37 3.1. TIPO DE ESTUDIO ………………………………………………………….37 3.2. ESCENARIO DE ESTUDIO ………………………………………….……..37 3.3. POBLACIÓN, MUESTRA Y MUESTREO …………………………………38 3.4. UNIDAD DE ANÁLISIS ………………………………………………………38 3.5. RECOLECCIÓN DE LA INFORMACIÓN ………………………….……....38 3.6. CRITERIOS DE INCLUSIÓN ……………………………………….……....41 3.7. PROCESAMIENTO Y ANÁLISIS DE LA INFORMACIÓN………..……....41 3.8. ASPECTOS ÉTICOS Y LEGALES …………………………….…………...42 4.ANÁLISIS DE RESULTADOS……………………………………………..……44 5. DISCUSIÓN……………………………………………..…………………….…63 6. CONCLUSIÓN……………..…………………………………….…………........ 65 7. BIBLIOGRAFÍA………………..……..………………………….………………..67 ANEXOS…………………………………………………………….……….............80 El consumo de sustancias psicoactivas es considerado en la actualidad como un fenómeno social que afecta especialmente a los adolescentes; la prevalencia del uso y abuso de sustancias en la etapa adolescente son altas, ante la alta disponibilidad; en la actualidad los adolescentes tienen que aprender a convivir con las drogas, tomando decisiones sobre su consumo o la abstinencia de las mismas. Objetivo: Determinar los factores de riesgo y protectores en adolescentes para el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas de la Urbanización Finzenú de la ciudad de Montería, 2022-01. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal. La población la conformaron 50 adolescentes de la Urbanización Finzenú de la cuidad de Montería. Los participantes fueron seleccionados mediante la técnica de muestreo no probabilístico, estratificado por convivencia. Resultados: Las principales características sociodemográficas de la investigación demuestran que el mayor porcentaje de participantes son mujeres con un 60%, el grupo con mayor rango de edad se encuentra en 14 a 6 años con un 64%; predomina el estado civil soltero, estrato socioeconómico 1, proceden del área urbana, el 22% no estudia, el 10% trabaja, desplazados 48%, el 74% conviven con los padres y el 26% con los abuelos. En los factores de riesgo identificados con mayor prevalencia para los adolescentes de la Urbanización Finzenú de la ciudad de Montería, lo constituyen malestar emocional con 60%, valoración de las SPA con 68% y permisividad social y accesibilidad a las SPA con 52%. En los factores protectores presentes en los adolescentes de esta investigación prevalecen, las relaciones interpersonales con 72%, espiritualidad con 50% y habilidades sociales y de autocontrol con 54%. Por otra parte, los factores de riesgo encontrados en el sexo mujer son preconceptos y valoración de las SPA con 38% y malestar emocional con 32%, en cambio en los hombres se encontraron los factores preconceptos y valoración de las SPA con un 30%, malestar emocional, espiritualidad con 26% y permisividad social y accesibilidad a las SPA con un 24%. En este sentido, las mujeres tienen presentes como factores protectores relaciones interpersonales con 42%; espiritualidad, habilidades sociales y de autocontrol, permisividad social y accesibilidad a las SPA con un 34%. A su vez, en los hombres prevalece como factor protector relaciones interpersonales con 28% y habilidades sociales con 20%. Conclusión: el diseño, elaboración, implementación y aplicación de programas de prevención en el ámbito familiar y escolar deberían ser objetivos a tener en cuenta por los organismos e instituciones relacionados con el problema del consumo de drogas en los adolescentes. Pregrado Enfermero(a) Trabajos de Investigación y/o Extensión

Background With the COVID‐19 pandemic, the idea of universal mask wearing to prevent infecting others when one becomes infected has prevailed among people. In general, any workplace is not exempt and workers are required to wear a mask while working at the sites. Objectives This study aims to integrate information to assist workers to select effective protectors for the prevention of droplet infection even at workplaces without occupational health personnel. Methods A total of 94 studies were included in this study: 91 studies were identified in MEDLINE, which was used for the literature search, and an additional three studies were identified from other information sources. The studies were checked to eliminate duplication and narrowed down to 31 based on the titles and abstracts. The contents of the 31 studies were read through and then 19 studies were extracted for careful reading. Results and Conclusions Regarding the protectors used at workplaces, it was suggested that (1) workers continue to use respiratory protectors as needed at sites where respiratory protectors such as an N95 respirator had to be used even before the spread of COVID‐19 and (2) wear surgical masks, multi‐layer cloth masks, or hybrid fabric masks made of several types of fabrics that are recommended in terms of preventing dissemination of droplets and protecting against inhalation of droplets, selected according to the working conditions, taking account of air permeability, breathability, and durability.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an incurable chronic progressive neurodegenerative disease with the progressive degeneration of motor neurons in the motor cortex and lower motor neurons in the spinal cord and the brain stem. The etiology and pathogenesis of ALS are being actively studied, but there is still no single concept. The study of ALS risk factors can help to understand the mechanism of this disease development and, possibly, slow down the rate of its progression in patients and also reduce the risk of its development in people with a predisposition toward familial ALS. The interest of researchers and clinicians in the protective role of nutrients in the development of ALS has been increasing in recent years. However, the role of some of them is not well-understood or disputed. The objective of this review is to analyze studies on the role of nutrients as environmental factors affecting the risk of developing ALS and the rate of motor neuron degeneration progression. Methods: We searched the PubMed, Springer, Clinical keys, Google Scholar, and E-Library databases for publications using keywords and their combinations. We analyzed all the available studies published in 2010–2020. Discussion: We analyzed 39 studies, including randomized clinical trials, clinical cases, and meta-analyses, involving ALS patients and studies on animal models of ALS. This review demonstrated that the following vitamins are the most significant protectors of ALS development: vitamin B12, vitamin E > vitamin C > vitamin B1, vitamin B9 > vitamin D > vitamin B2, vitamin B6 > vitamin A, and vitamin B7. In addition, this review indicates that the role of foods with a high content of cholesterol, polyunsaturated fatty acids, urates, and purines plays a big part in ALS development. Conclusion: The inclusion of vitamins and a ketogenic diet in disease-modifying ALS therapy can reduce the progression rate of motor neuron degeneration and slow the rate of disease progression, but the approach to nutrient selection must be personalized. The roles of vitamins C, D, and B7 as ALS protectors need further study.

The system for protector cooling (protective rubber strip) in the tyre industry is presented in this paper. The analysis of compensation of protector compression coefficients influence on the protector length change between two neighbor transporters is done. Also, the compensation of protector compression coefficients influence on all transporters velocities is analyzed. Modelling and simulation of transportation system is performed in Matlab/Simulink.

The article gives the analysis of known researches connected with studying of features of interaction an automobile wheel with loose soil. On the basis of the analysis of the state of study the question of modeling the wheel hitching, the relevance of the study of the wheel hitching process on loose ground is substantiated, the purpose and objectives of the research are formulated. The proposed scheme of wheel hitching with elastic tire on loose soil is proposed. The mathematical model and the results of modeling of a wheel with an elastic tire on a loose soil are presented. On the basis of comparison of the simulation results and the results of the experiment carried out earlier, the adequacy of the proposed mathematical model of the car wheels with elastic tire on loose soil has been proved. The amplitude and frequency characteristics of the oscillatory processes occurring in contact with the pneumatic bus with the ground and the nature of the influence of operational and constructive factors on these processes are determined. There is a hypothesis about the need to take into account the reactive forces acting on the wheel when hanging out due to the release of part of the soil from the zone of interaction of the tire tread with loose soil. A mathematical model is proposed for determining the reactive force acting on a wheel during hitching due to the release of part of the soil from the zone of interaction of the tread protector with a loose soil. The method of calculating the total traction effort on a wheel when it is tilted on loose soils is proposed, taking into account the reactive force arising as a result of the emission of part of the soil from the zone of interaction of the tread of the pneumatic tire with loose soil.

La figura jurídica del protector hunde sus raíces en el Imperio romano, fue recogida por el cristianismo, ligada al concepto de caridad, y recuperada en la Europa moderna en su triple vertiente de tutor, mediador y defensor. En la administración española la figura del Protector de indios es la más conocida, gracias a los abundantes estudios sobre la condición jurídica del indígena. El «Protector de extranjeros», en cambio, resulta prácticamente desconocido. Esta contribución examina su evolución y la práctica de la protección. Argumenta que el «Protector de extranjeros» pudo ayudar al manejo de una alteridad que pasó en poco tiempo de un reducido espacio peninsular a una dimensión global. La práctica de la protección, sin embargo, se canalizó a través de un listado técnico de mercedes tan complejo, y un conjunto de mecanismos sociales no institucionalizados tan amplios, que en realidad hubo una multiplicidad de figuras que actuaban como protector. La figure juridique du protecteur prend ses racines dans l’Empire romain, a été reprise par le christianisme, associée au concept de charité et récupérée dans l’Europe moderne dans son triple aspect de gardien, médiateur et défenseur. Dans l’administration espagnole, la figure du protecteur des Indiens est la plus connue, grâce aux nombreuses études sur le statut juridique de l’Indien. Le « Protecteur des étrangers », en revanche, est pratiquement inconnu. Cette contribution examine son évolution et la pratique de la protection. Il affirme que le « Protecteur des étrangers » a pu aider à la gestion d’une altérité qui est passée en peu de temps d’un espace péninsulaire réduit à une dimension mondiale. La pratique de la protection, cependant, a été canalisée par une liste technique de subventions si complexe, et un ensemble de mécanismes sociaux non institutionnalisés si large, qu’il y avait en fait une multiplicité de figures agissant comme protecteurs. The legal figure of the protector has its roots in the Roman Empire; it was taken up by the Christianity associated with the concept of charity and recovered in modern Europe in its triple aspect of guardian, mediator and defender. In the Spanish administration, the figure of the protector of the indians is the best known, thanks to the numerous studies on the legal status of the indigenous. The «Protector of Foreigners», on the other hand, is virtually unknown. This contribution examines its evolution and the practice of protection. It argues that the «Protector of Foreigners» could have contributed to the management of an otherness that moved, in a short time frame, from a reduced peninsular space to a global dimension. The practice of protection, however, was channelled by such a complex, technical list of subsidies, and such a broad set of non-institutionalised social mechanisms, that there was, in fact, an abundance of figures acting as protectors.

The growing rise of virtual social media has made it possible to extend sexual crimes against children and adolescents, which made it possible for the police officer infiltrated in this area. This scientific article provides the study of police operations that used virtual infiltration to combat sexual crimes against children and adolescents committed within the scope of the internet. The main objective of this research is to verify the efficiency of the digital infiltrated agent in the repression of these crimes. In order to achieve this goal, four federal police operations are studied from the technical perspective of two policemen and from the legal perception obtained from two judgments. The views of the two agents, who have the empirical knowledge of having acted in the reported investigations, allow an understanding of the modus operandi of virtual infiltration; and the analysis of the jurisdictional provisions demonstrates the way in which the investigated of the investigated operations were convicted. The article achieved its purpose by demonstrating the efficiency of the four police endeavors, as they achieved countless convictions and several rescues of minors in situations of vulnerability. El creciente auge de las redes sociales virtuales ha permitido extender los delitos sexuales contra niños, niñas y adolescentes, lo que hizo posible que el policía infiltrado en esta zona. Este artículo científico ofrece el estudio de operativos policiales que utilizaron la infiltración virtual para combatir los delitos sexuales contra niños, niñas y adolescentes cometidos en Internet. El principal objetivo de esta investigación es verificar la eficiencia del agente infiltrado digital en la represión de estos delitos. Para lograr este objetivo se estudian cuatro operativos de la Policía Federal desde la perspectiva técnica de dos policías y desde la percepción jurídica obtenida de dos sentencias. Las opiniones de los dos agentes, que tienen el conocimiento empírico de haber actuado en las investigaciones denunciadas, permiten comprender el modus operandi de la infiltración virtual; y el análisis de las disposiciones jurisdiccionales demuestra la forma en que fueron condenados los investigados de los operativos investigados. El artículo logró su propósito al demostrar la eficiencia de los cuatro esfuerzos policiales, ya que lograron numerosas condenas y varios rescates de niños en situación de vulnerabilidad. A crescente ascensão das mídias sociais virtuais possibilitou a extensão dos crimes sexuais contra crianças e adolescentes, o que viabilizou a atuação do agente de polícia infiltrado nesse âmbito. O presente artigo científico proporciona o estudo de operações policiais que utilizaram a infiltração virtual no combate aos crimes sexuais contra crianças e adolescentes cometidos no âmbito da internet. O objetivo principal dessa pesquisa consiste em constatar a eficiência do agente infiltrado digital na repressão desses delitos. Com o intuito de alcançar essa meta, são estudadas quatro operações da polícia federal a partir da perspectiva técnica de dois policiais e da percepção jurídica obtida de dois acórdãos. As visões dos dois agentes, que possuem o conhecimento empírico de terem atuado nas investigações relatadas, permitem uma compreensão do modus operandi da infiltração virtual; e a análise dos provimentos jurisdicionais demonstra a forma como foram condenados os investigados das operações pesquisadas. O artigo alcançou o seu propósito ao demonstrar a eficiência das quatro empreitadas da polícia, já que elas conseguiram inúmeras condenações e vários resgates de menores em situações de vulnerabilidade.

[ES] En el presente proyecto se realizará el diseño de un molde de inyección para un protector de circuitos electrónicos. Con este molde se pretende realizar una producción de 100.000 unidades anuales. El molde se diseñará para asegurar el correcto llenado, dimensiones y la realización de las contrasalidas de dicha pieza. Además de la realización de una óptima refrigeración y punto de inyección, así como de una eficaz expulsión, con la finalidad de obtener los mejores acabados. Para ello se hará uso de los siguientes softwares Moldflow, ANSYS y Mastercam., [EN] In this project, the design of an injection mold for an electronic circuit protector will be carried out. With this mold it is intended to achieve a production of 100.000 units per year. The mold will be designed to ensure the correct filling, dimensions, and the realization of the undercuts of said piece. In addition to the realization of an optimal cooling and injection point, as well as an efficient expulsion, in order to obtain the best surface finishes. For this, the following software Moldflow, ANSYS and Mastercam will be used., [CA] En el present projecte es realitzarà el disseny d'un motle d'injecció per a un protector de circuits electrònics. Amb este motle es pretén realitzar una producció de 100.000 unitats anuals. El motle es dissenyarà per a asegurar el correcte ompliment, dimensions i la realització de les contraeixides de la dita peça. A més de la realització d'una òptima refrigeració i punt d'injecció, així com d'una eficaç expulsió, amb la finalitat d'obtindre els millors acabats. Per a això es farà ús dels següents programs Moldflow, ANSYS y Mastercam.

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Lost fonctionnerait comme une boussole d’orientation dans la vaste tapisserie qu’est l’Histoire de ce monde, et le spectateur de Lost, nouveau gardien de l’île, serait un spectateur dont le regard s’éduque peu à peu par le sens de l’interdépendance universelle. Lost works as an orienting compass in the vast tapestry that World History is, and the spectator of Lost, as the new protector of the island, is a spectator whose gaze is progressively educated through the sense of universal interdependence.

Background: As displacement and forced migration continue to exhibit global growth trends, new and surviving generations of children are being born and spending their formative years in host countries. Refugee children who have not been exposed to traumatic events may still be at risk for adverse developmental and mental health outcomes via intergenerational trauma transmission. Objective: To identify and synthesize potential mechanisms of intergenerational trauma transmission in forcibly displaced families where parents have experienced direct war-related trauma exposure, but children have no history of direct trauma exposure. Methods: PRISMA systematic review guidelines were adhered to. Searches were conducted across seven major databases and included quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods literature from 1945 to 2019. The search resulted in 752 citations and 8 studies (n = 1,684) met review inclusion criteria. Results: Findings suggest that parental trauma exposure and trauma sequelae indirectly affect child well-being via potential mechanisms of insecure attachment; maladaptive parenting styles; diminished parental emotional availability; decreased family functioning; accumulation of family stressors; dysfunctional intra-family communication styles and severity of parental symptomology. Conclusion: Further research is needed to assess independent intergenerational effects and mechanisms of trauma transmission in this population.

In this study, the architecture of a multilayer metallic material of iron-carbon alloys with an internal protector was developed based on theoretical studies. The operability of the proposed architecture was experimentally verified using gravimetry and electrochemical analysis. The internal position of the protector enabled the modification of the mechanism of corrosion. The stages of corrosion of the multilayer material were revealed; the material was observed as useable until the third layer was perforated. To demonstrate the obtained results, the authors conducted a set of experiments using X-ray microscopy and scanning electron microscopy with an electron probe analysis of the chemical composition. The cost of the developed material is within the same range as widely used corrosion-resistant stainless austenite steels; and in terms of corrosion resistance, this material is comparable to palladium, molybdenum, nickel, and Hastelloy., Materials Science; Corrosion; Pitting; Multilayer materials; Electrochemical potential; Mass corrosion index; Protector

This work focuses on the improvement of the impact protection of a motorcyclist protective equipment under the influence of higher temperature. A created composite shell was added to a foam shoulder protector SAS-TEC SCL-2. A drop test was carried out for protector itself and protector including the composite shell. Both, the foam protector and the combined foam/composite protector, were exposed to the three different temperatures, namely 22, 40, and 50 °C, for one hour prior the experiment.

Diese Masterthese soll die historische Entwicklung der Besteuerung von Privatstiftungen im Lichte von steuerpolitischen Entscheidungen darstellen. Privatstiftungen treten in steuerlicher Hinsicht in mehreren Arten auf, sodass eine (steuerliche) Abgrenzung stattzufinden hat. Die These beleuchtet nur die eigennützige Privatstiftung gem Rz 4 StiftR, deren Stiftungszweck in der Regel im Wesentlichen die Versorgung der Stifterfamilie darstellt. Als Vergleichswert wird die Besteuerung von Stiftungen in Liechtenstein und deren historische Auswirkungen auf die Änderungen der Besteuerung in Österreich herangezogen. Eine entscheidende Frage dieser These wird sein, auf welcher gesetzlichen Grundlage der Informationsaustausch mit Liechtenstein beruht und wie sich dieser historisch entwickelt hat. Es soll der Graubereich, in welchen Bereichen das Abkommen Österreich – Liechtenstein iVm Stiftungen noch anwendbar ist, beleuchtet werden. In weiterer Folge wird das Abkommen dem Datenaustausch nach AIA/CRS sowie der Meldeverpflichtung nach WiEReG gegenübergestellt. Die steuerlichen Regelungen für Privatstiftungen haben sich seit 1993 mehrfach verändert. Wesentliche Änderungen erfolgten zB durch das Budgetbegleitgesetz 2001 mit der Einführung der Zwischenbesteuerung für Gewinne aus der Veräußerung von Kapitalvermögen. Durch Ablauf der Erbschafts- und Schenkungssteuer mit 31. Juli 2008 wurde eigens für unentgeltliche Zuwendungen an privatrechtliche Stiftungen und an damit vergleichbare Vermögensmassen das Stiftungseingangssteuergesetz geschaffen. Derartige unentgeltliche Zuwendungen unterliegen nunmehr einer 2,5 %igen Steuer. Im Rahmen des Budgetbegleitgesetzes 2011 wurde der Zwischensteuersatz von 12,5 % aufgrund eines Thesaurierungsvorteils der niedrigen Zwischensteuer auf 25 % angehoben. Durch das Stabilitätsgesetz 2012, mit dem eine gravierende Systemumstellung bei der Immobilienbesteuerung durchgeführt wurde, waren auch in weiterer Folge Privatstiftungen betroffen. Durch die Ausdehnung der Zwischenbesteuerung auf Grundstücksveräußerungen war schlagartig mit 1.4.2012 das Immobilienvermögen der Stiftungen steuerverfangen. Durch Maßnahmen der Steuerreform 2015/2016, welche auch auf Privatstiftungen durchschlugen, wie zB die Erhöhung der KESt auf 27,5 % oder die Änderungen bei Gebäudeabschreibungen, machte die Privatstiftung nicht attraktiver. Die aus steuerpolitischer Sicht heiß diskutierte Besteuerungsebene ist die Besteuerung von Zuwendungen an Begünstigte, die sogenannte Ausgangsbesteuerung. Zuwendungen durch die Privatstiftung können (je nach Ausgestaltung der Stiftungserklärung) sowohl in Geld- als auch Sachleistungen bestehen. Ebenso denkbar ist die Überlassung von Nutzungsmöglichkeiten. Für 2019 war eine Novelle des Stiftungsrechts geplant. Wie die Novelle genau ausgesehen hätte, war noch unklar, aber es sollten die Knackpunkte, wie der Einfluss von Begünstigten auf den Stiftungsvorstand und die Möglichkeit der Auflösung einer Stiftung, die sogenannte Mausefallenproblematik, behandelt werden. This thesis deals with the historical development of taxation of private foundations in the light of tax policy decisions. From a tax point of view, private foundations occur in several ways, so that a (tax) differentiation has to be made. This thesis only deals with the self-interested private foundation according to Rz 4 StiftR, whose foundation purpose is usually the provision of the founder's family. The taxation of foundations in Liechtenstein and its historical effects on the changes in taxation in Austria are used as a comparative value. A decisive question of this thesis will be on which legal basis the exchange of information with Liechtenstein is based and how it has developed historically. The grey area is to be illuminated, in which areas the Agreement Austria - Liechtenstein in connection with foundations is still applicable. In the following, the agreement will be compared to the data exchange according to AIA/CRS and the reporting obligation according to WiEReG. The tax regulations for private foundations have changed several times since 1993. Significant changes were made, for example, by the 2001 Budget Accompanying Act with the introduction of interim taxation for profits from the sale of capital assets. With the expiry of inheritance and gift tax on 31.7.2008, the Foundation Incoming Tax Act was created specifically for gratuitous donations to private foundations and comparable assets. Such gratuitous donations are now subject to a 2.5 % tax. Within the framework of the Budget Accompanying Act 2011, the interim tax rate of 12.5 % was raised to 25 % due to a retention advantage of the low interim tax. The 2012 Stability Act, which implemented a serious change in the real estate taxation system, also affected private foundations in subsequent years Due to the extension of the interim taxation to property sales, the property assets of the foundations were suddenly taxed as of 1 April 2012. Measures of the tax reform 2015/2016, which also affected private foundations, such as the increase of the KESt to 27.5 % or the changes in building depreciation, did not make the private foundation more attractive. From the point of view of tax policy, a hotly debated level of taxation is the taxation of grants to beneficiaries, the so-called output taxation. Contributions by the private foundation may (depending on the form of the foundation declaration) consist of both cash and non-cash benefits. It is also conceivable that benefits may be transferred. An amendment of the foundation law was planned for 2019. It was not yet clear what the amendment would have looked like exactly, but the sticking points, such as the influence of beneficiaries on the foundation's board of directors and the possibility of dissolving a foundation, the so-called mousetrap problem, should be dealt with. vorgelegt von: Helmut Volmann Wien, FH Campus Wien, Masterarb., 2020

The article presents the results of practical testing of the developed compositions of protectors for proofing of low-carbon alloys used in the automotive industry and made from melting stocks of secondary aluminum raw materials. The results of the study of the effectiveness of the proofing of the developed protectors are presented.

Protectors of motorcycle riders should be light and safe. This work deals with the impact test of the shoulder protectors, which differ with the use of foams of different densities. The acceleration and displacement of an impactor having the mass of five kilograms were measured. The impactor dropped from a height of one meter. For each sample, two impacts were used. The results show how the use of the different foams affects the deceleration of the impactor and the distance between the impactor and the base block (compression of the protector). Moreover, the results show how the deceleration and the distance change when the impact is repeated. The ideal protector would have low density, low maximum impact deceleration, low maximum protector compression, and its properties would not change when impact is repeated. The foam with good compromise properties was evaluated.

En Cajamarca a 2,270 m.s.n.m. se implementaron cuatro tratamientos con protector gazapero de bambú de 30cm de longitud con diferente diámetro (T0: Sin protector; T1:8cm; T2:9cm y T3:10cm). El objetivo general fue: Determinar la influencia del diámetro de bambú como gazapera en la productividad de módulos reproductivos de cuyes en jaula durante 1°, 2° y 3° partos. Los objetivos específicos fueron: Determinar la influencia del diámetro del bambú, como protector de gazapos, durante 3 partos sobre: a. Porcentaje de fertilidad de reproductoras; b. Tamaño de camada de reproductoras, peso de gazapos al nacimiento (PN), 7 (P7d) y 14 días (P14d); c. El porcentaje de mortalidad (%M) del nacimiento a 7 y de 7-14 días de edad y d. Estimar la rentabilidad económica de cada tratamiento. Se utilizaron 112 hembras y 16 machos reproductores asignando a cada tratamiento 28 hembras y 4 machos distribuidos en 4 jaulas (1 macho y 7 hembras) en c/u. El ANCOVA no halló diferencias entre PE (p>0.05). %F fue: 94.1% +2.06 (T0 y T1); 92.9% (T2) y 90.5%+2.07 (T3). TC fue 3 para todos. FO de TC2: 30.45% (T2); TC3: 44.82% (T0), 41.03% (T1), 43.27% (T2) y 29.90% (T3) y TC4: 25.62% (T0), 24.36% (T1), 17.79% (T2) y 33.74% (T3). El ANAVA aplicado a PN, P7d y P14d encontró diferencias (p0.05) pero numéricamente el menor %M del nacimiento a 14 días lo presento T1 con 13.9% siendo más rentable con menor CPGD a S/ 15.47. Tesis

El diseño de cualquier práctica agroforestal debe estar basado en una cuidadosa y clara estrategia desde el principio con el objeto de maximizar la producción desde un punto de vista espacial y temporal del componente leñoso y pratense. Cuando el componente leñoso se va a incluir en áreas de pastos, estos son más adecuados en función de los beneficios que proporcionan al sistema es decir (i) si éste es una leguminosa aumentará la producción de pasto en comparación a si no es una especie leguminosa, (ii) si la forma y distribución de las ramas del componente leñoso permite que una mayor cantidad de agua y luz alcance el suelo será mejor que aquel que genere mucha sombra (iii) si el árbol tiene una buena calidad forrajera. Los cultivos leñosos con una elevada palatabilidad y calidad de sus hojas/frutos pueden reducir las necesidades de la compra de concentrado cuando aparecen períodos de falta de pasto.

La radiación ultravioleta (UV) posee fuerte vínculo con el cáncer de piel debido a sus efectos ionizantes y a la producción de estrés oxidativo que genera efectos negativos sobre las macromoléculas de este órgano. Por ello, para su prevención se hace uso de sustancias con actividad antioxidante y foto-protectora. Pese al uso de estos agentes, el aumento en la incidencia de este cáncer, lo ha convertido en un problema de salud pública a nivel nacional y mundial, enfatizando en la necesidad de contar con agentes antioxidantes y foto-protectores más eficaces para su prevención. Entre las fuentes naturales que pueden ser exploradas para obtener estas sustancias, los líquenes son organismos idóneos que poseen la capacidad de adaptarse a ambientes extremos de radiación UV gracias a que biosintetizan compuestos con dichas propiedades que les permiten protegerse ante tales condiciones. El presente trabajo se centró en la obtención de compuestos antioxidantes y/o foto-protectores a partir del hongo liquenizado Bunodophoron melanocarpum colectado en el páramo de Sumapaz, Colombia, ecosistema de alta montaña. Este estudio condujo al aislamiento y caracterización de los compuestos: esferoforina (1); ácido evernínico (2); ácido esferoforol carboxílico (3) y friedelina (4). La esferoforina y el ácido esferoforol carboxílico resultaron ser agentes duales con propiedades antioxidantes, cuyo mecanismo involucra la captación de radicales libres, la reducción de iones férricos y la inhibición de la peroxidación de lípidos; y con propiedades foto-protectoras, particularmente contra la radiación UVB. Todos los compuestos presentaron características de lipofilicidad y energía libre de Gibbs de transferencia adecuadas para actuar en la piel. De las sustancias objeto de estudio, (1) y (3) constituyen compuestos prometedores para el desarrollo de formulaciones destinadas a la prevención de patologías asociadas con la sobre exposición a la radiación solar, entre ellos el cáncer de piel. Abstract: Ultraviolet radiation (UV)has a strong link with skin cancer owingto its ionizing effects and the produccion of oxidative stress, generating negative effects on macromolecules. Therefore, for its prevention, substances with antioxidant and photo-protective activity are used. Despite the use of photo-protective agents, the increase in the incidence of skin cancer has made it a public health problem nationally and globally, emphasizing the need of more effective antioxidant and photo-protective agents for its prevention. Among the natural sources that can be explored to obtain these substances, lichens are suitable organisms with the ability to adapt to external UV radiation environments. By biosynthesizing compounds with multiple properties, they can survive to a wide variety of conditions. The present work focused on obtaining antioxidant and/or photo-protective compounds from the lichenized fungus Bunodophoron melanocarpumcollected at the high mountain ecosystem of the Sumapaz moorland, Colombia. This study led to the isolation and characterization of the compounds: sphaerophorin (1); everninic acid (2); sphaerophorol carboxylic acid (3) and friedelin (4). Sphaerophorin and esferoforol sphaerophorol carboxylic acid turned out to be dual agents with antioxidant properties, whose mechanism involves capture of free radicals, reduction of ferric ions and inhibition of lipid peroxidation; and photo-protective properties, particularly against UVB radiation. All the compounds had characteristics of lipophilicity and Gibbs free energy of transfer suitable to act on the skin. Of the substances under study, (1) and (3) are promising compounds for the development of formulations aimed to prevent pathologies associated with overexposure to solar radiation,including skin cancer. Maestría

[ES] En este proyecto se va a realizar el diseño modular de la plataforma, que sea atractivo visualmente a la vez que funcional y sencillo de fabricar para la versión 2.0 de nuestro dispositivo de diagnóstico in vitro. Actividades: Análisis de diseño de piezas actuales del dispositivo para evaluar posibles mejoras en su diseño e industrialización, diseño de plataforma atendiendo a diversos factores a tener en cuenta: modularidad, atractivo visual, funcionalidad de usuario e industrialización sencilla y de bajo coste, evaluación de distintos materiales en los que se podría fabricar la plataforma y selección del más adecuado en función de los requisitos de diseño, creación de prototipo en impresora 3D y prueba con resto de componentes del dispositivo para detectar posibles mejoras a introducir en el diseño, identificación de posibles proveedores donde fabricar la plataforma y selección del más adecuado y supervisión de la fabricación de la plataforma y prueba final en dispositivo., [EN] In this project the modular design of the platform will be carried out, which is visually appealing while functional and simple to manufacture for version 2.0 of our in vitro diagnostic device. Activities: Design analysis of current parts of the device to evaluate possible improvements in its design and industrialization, platform design based on various factors to consider: modularity, visual appeal, user functionality and simple industrialization and low cost, evaluation of different materials in which could manufacture the platform and selection of the most appropriate depending on the design requirements, prototyping in 3D printer and test with other components of the device to detect possible improvements to be introduced in the design, identification of possible suppliers where to manufacture the platform and selection of the most appropriate and supervision of the platform manufacturing and final device testing.

In recent years, the association between saturated fatty acids (FA) and bone cells has received a high level of attention. Previous studies have shown that palmitate (PA), a common saturated FA, can cause apoptosis in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). However, whether PA can induce autophagy, an important intracellular protection mechanism that is closely associated with apoptosis, in BMSCs is still unknown; the association between autophagy and apoptosis is also unclear. The aim of the present study was to determine whether PA can induce autophagy in BMSCs. When BMSCs were treated with PA for >18 h, p62 began to accumulate, indicating that autophagic flux was impaired by prolonged exposure to PA. In addition, the proportion of apoptotic cells was increased when autophagy was inhibited by the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine. Furthermore, inducing autophagy by pretreating cells with rapamycin, a known inducer of autophagy, markedly reduced PA-induced apoptosis, suggesting that autophagy may serve a protective role in PA-induced apoptosis in BMSCs. PA also increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which was decreased by the antioxidant N-Acetyl-cysteine, and promoted the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). The addition of JNK and p38 MAPK inhibitors substantially reduced autophagy. Therefore, the results indicated that PA can induce autophagy in BMSCs and protect cells from PA-induced apoptosis through the ROS-JNK/p38 MAPK signaling pathways. These results may improve the general understanding of the mechanisms through which BMSCs adapt to PA-induced apoptosis. The present study also provides a novel approach for the prevention and treatment of PA-induced lipotoxicity.

Акватории портов и территории прибрежной зоны подвергаются интенсивному техногенному воздействию, связанному с технической эксплуатацией кораблей, судов и других плавучих объектов. Воздействие на окружающую среду усиливается при нахождении таких объектов в режиме долговременной стоянки, так как они являются источниками эксплуатационного и аварийного загрязнения. Обеспечение безопасной эксплуатации судов в данном режиме требует проведения дополнительных организационно технических мероприятий., Port water areas and coastal zone areas are subject to intensive technogenic impact associated with the technical operation of ships, vessels and other floating objects. The impact on the environment is enhanced when such objects are found in the long-term parking regime, as they are sources of operational and accidental pollution. Ensuring the safe operation of ships in this mode requires additional organizational and technical measures.

This study aimed to evaluate the use of different foliar fertilizers, associated or not associated with metribuzin, in terms of carrot yield. The experiments were carried out over two crop years with treatments in a 2×4 factorial scheme. The first factor was the absence or presence of metribuzin (0 and 288 g ha-1 a.i.) and the second factor was the foliar fertilizers: FertiG, FertiB, sucrose and no application. In crop year 1, the commercial yield increased with FertiG with metribuzin, and the forked/total discard ratio decreased when the foliar fertilizers were applied together with metribuzin. The isolated metribuzin decreased the total yield and the commercial/total yield ratio in crop year 1; however, the stress was attenuated when FertiG was applied. In crop year 2, the metribuzin, isolated or associated with FertiG, increased the commercial yield. The FertiB decreased the forked/total discard ratio. The metribuzin, isolated or associated with FertiG, and FertiB obtained similar results for the commercial/total yield ratio in crop year 2. FertiG satisfactorily attenuated the stress caused by metribuzin in the carrot plants, with a positive effect on the commercial yield of the carrot crop. RESUMEN El objetivo del estudio evaluó el uso de diferentes fertilizantes foliares asociados, y no asociados con metribuzina, sobre la productividad de zanahoria. Los experimentos se realizaron en dos ciclos de cultivo con un arreglo factorial 2×4 de los tratamientos. El primer factor fue la ausencia y presencia de la metribuzina (0 y 288 g ha-1 i.a.) y el segundo factor fueron los fertilizantes foliares: FertiG, FertiB, sacarosa y sin aplicación. En el primer ciclo de producción, el rendimiento comercial aumentó en la asociación de FertiG y metribuzina, la relación bifurcación/descarte total disminuyó cuando se aplica los fertilizantes foliares junto con la metribuzina. La metribuzina sola disminuyó la productividad total y la relación producción comercial/rendimiento total en el primer ciclo, sin embargo el estrés se mitigó cuando se aplicó FertiG. En el segundo ciclo, la metribuzina sola o asociada a FertiG aumentó la productividad comercial. El FertiB disminuyó la relación bifurcación/descarte total. La metribuzina sola o asociada con FertiG y FertiB obtuvieron resultados similares en la relación producción comercial/rendimiento total en el ciclo 2. FertiG atenúa satisfactoriamente el estrés causado por la metribuzina a las plantas de zanahoria con un impacto positivo en la productividad comercial del cultivo de zanahoria.

The article’s purpose is the analysis of the evolution process and all its main aspects in the history of Moscow Slavonic-greek-latin Academy of the specified period. At the beginning of the XVIII century Moscow Academy was found on a basis of European «pre-classical» university pattern and became the first higher institute for all social estates in Russia. After the Peter’s the Great death the Academy experiences reduction of material security and contraction of the students’ social estate. Another tendency is also observed - the penetration of European university modernization ideas in Russia provokes the start of several national university projects. During the Catherine’s the Second reign these ideas influence on the evolution of the Academy as well as already generated Academy educational tradition influences the specified university projects. This reciprocal effect leads the creation of separate higher educational systems: secular, under the Ministry of National Enlightenment, and theological, under the Holy Synod. The sources allow tracking the participation of higher state and church fi gures working together on both structures. As a result Moscow Academy served as a sample for other theological academies and thus has become the foundation of the whole theological education system

By inventing initiatory melodrama, by constructing a perfect gaze and by telling different love trajectories (be they perfect or imperfect), Lost embodies two things simultaneously for its spectator. Through the motif of the eye, the series puts us in the contemplative place of Jacob as protector of the series; through the hand, it attempts to make us experience an anamnesis based on great affection and the love we feel for the series’ characters. In the end, the love that the characters feel for one another is also the love they feel for us and that we feel for them. En inventant le mélodrame initiatique, en construisant un regard parfait et en racontant différentes trajectoires amoureuses (parfaites ou imparfaites), Lost incarne deux choses simultanément pour son spectateur. Par l’œil, Lost nous met à la place contemplative de Jacob, en retrait, gardien de la série ; par la main, elle tente aussi de nous faire vivre une anamnèse qui passe par la grande affection, l’amour qu’on a pour les personnages de la série. À la fin, l’amour que se portent les personnages, c’est également l’amour qu’ils nous portent et que nous leur portons.

En inventant le mélodrame initiatique, en construisant un regard parfait et en racontant différentes trajectoires amoureuses (parfaites ou imparfaites), Lost incarne deux choses simultanément pour son spectateur. Par l’œil, Lost nous met à la place contemplative de Jacob, en retrait, gardien de la série ; par la main, elle tente aussi de nous faire vivre une anamnèse qui passe par la grande affection, l’amour qu’on a pour les personnages de la série. À la fin, l’amour que se portent les personnages, c’est également l’amour qu’ils nous portent et que nous leur portons. By inventing initiatory melodrama, by constructing a perfect gaze and by telling different love trajectories (be they perfect or imperfect), Lost embodies two things simultaneously for its spectator. Through the motif of the eye, the series puts us in the contemplative place of Jacob as protector of the series; through the hand, it attempts to make us experience an anamnesis based on great affection and the love we feel for the series’ characters. In the end, the love that the characters feel for one another is also the love they feel for us and that we feel for them.

Lost fonctionnerait comme une boussole d’orientation dans la vaste tapisserie qu’est l’Histoire de ce monde, et le spectateur de Lost, nouveau gardien de l’île, serait un spectateur dont le regard s’éduque peu à peu par le sens de l’interdépendance universelle. Lost works as an orienting compass in the vast tapestry that World History is, and the spectator of Lost, as the new protector of the island, is a spectator whose gaze is progressively educated through the sense of universal interdependence.

Designed protector of pulse-jet cleaning filter bag for refraining from damages caused by airflow. It was shown that air spurt angles and intensity were different from each other from various jets in the simulated map of airflow station. Simulated calculation of airflow station and expecially studied the protector and raising height (L) of venturi. The results indicated that cleaning airflow was the primary airflow about 60%-70% which entered filter bag from outside of intubation by induction; Raising height (L) and inclined angle (α) of nozzle would cause bigger effect on induction airflow and height (H) of nozzle slight effect on induction airflow, the optimal raising height (L) was 40-55 mm.

Este ensayo está dedicado a la reforma constitucional del 2011 de los derechos Humanos, enfocado en la educación y socialización de los mismo en México, considerando que es a través de la educación se fortalecen, concientizan y ciudadanizan los derechos humanos., {"references":["Badeni,Gegoria. (2010) Tratado de Derecho Constitucional. Argentina: Fondo Edotorial de Derecho y Economía","Carpizo, Jorge, Cossío Díaz, José Ramón (2011) La jurisdicción constitucional en México. México: Porrúa.","Constitución Política de los estados Unidos Mexicanos","Convención Amaricana sobre derechos Humanos (Pacto de San José)","De Paramo, Juan Ramón. (2010) Lección 7 conceptos jurídicos fundamentales. México: MacGrawHill.","Diario Oficial de la Federación de fecha 10 de junio del 2011. Decreto por el que se modifica la denominación del Capítulo I del Título Primero y reforma diversos artículos de la Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos.","García Ramírez, Sergio. (2011) La reforma constitucional sobre derechos humanos. México: UNAM-Porrua.","Pérez Luño, A.E., (2009) Derechos Humanos, Estado de derecho y la Constitución. Madrid: Tecnos."]}

La experiencia de los indios de Bosa y de Ubaque, en el Nuevo Reino de Granada del siglo XVII, se toma como ejemplo para discutir la economía política de la asignación de mano de obra nativa a los yacimientos mineros de Mariquita, la naturaleza de las remuneraciones que recibieron y el monto del tributo que pagaron a las autoridades coloniales. Se trata de avances de una investigación en curso orientada al conocimiento de la formación de los circuitos de intercambio en un espacio colonial.

Exponemos sobre algunas particularidades del uso ritual, mágico-religioso del hueso del angelito. Presentamos dos casos: (a) el uso del hueso en la imaginería del San La Muerte y (b) su utilización como talismán, protector. Abordamos la vigencia de la práctica de esculpir la imagen del San La Muerte en el hueso de un angelito y la utilización del hueso de criatura a modo de kurundu en el Noreste argentino y Sur del Paraguay, entre población de credo católico. Se han realizado entrevistas etnográficas, observaciones y recolecciones de primera mano en el periodo 2006-2013. Some particularities of the ritual, magic-religious use of the bone of the little angel are explained. Two cases are presented: (a) use of the bone in the imagery of San La Muerte and (b) its use as a talisman and protector. The study approaches the validity of sculpting the image of San La Muerte in the bone of a little angel and use of the bone of a creature like kurundu in the Argentinean Northeast and the South of Paraguay, among catholic populations. Ethnographic interviews, observations and first-hand compilations were made during the 2006-2013 period. Fil: Bondar, César Iván. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Humanidades y Cs.sociales. Secretaria de Investigacion y Postgrado. Prog.de Postgrado En Antropologia Social; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

The orofacial region performs the essential functions of mastication and speech, as well as that of appearance, which for better or worse evokes an instant and instinctive response in other people. In this region, tissue loss caused by surgical resection of a malignant tumor has atremendous negative impact on the patient'squality of life, with deep mental and psychological repercussions. Therefore, from the standpoint of preserving form and function, radiotherapy has a major role to play in the treatment of malignant tumors in the orofacial region. That said, important organs, such as sensory organs, are present in close proximity to each other in this small region. During the irradiation process, therefore, it is important to ensure that the lesion is sufficiently irradiated while simultaneously protecting the surrounding normal tissue. In certain cases of radiotherapy of malignant tumors of the orofacial region, the use of radiotherapy prostheses can help to satisfy a basic principle of radiotherapy: that of delivering a lethal dose to the tumor while mini­ mizing irradiation to normal tissue. In recent years, medical and dental experts have taken a team approach to creating and employing a variety of radiotherapy prostheses, working towards improving the treatment record for malignanttumors as well as reducing complications in sur­ rounding normal tissue. As a result, patients treated with radiotherapy prostheses are now able to receive post-radiotherapy prosthodontic treat­ ment in a dramatically safer and more rapid man­ ner. It is clear that radiotherapy prostheses con tribute significantly to the improvement of these patients' quality of life.

Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, one of the most common liver diseases, has obtained increasing attention. Palmitate (PA)-induced liver injury is considered a risk factor for the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Autophagy, a cellular degradative pathway, is an important self-defense mechanism in response to various stresses. In this study, we investigated whether autophagy plays a protective role in the progression of PA-induced hepatocytes injury. Results Annexin V-FITC/PI staining by FCM analysis, TUNEL assay and the detection of PARP and cleaved caspase3 expression levels demonstrated that PA treatment prominently induced the apoptosis of hepatocytes. Meanwhile, treatment of PA strongly induced the formation of GFP-LC3 dots, the conversion from LC3I to LC3II, the decrease of p62 protein levels and the increase of autophagosomes. These results indicated that PA also induced autophagy activation. Autophagy inhibition through chloroquine pretreatment or Atg5shRNA infection led to the increase of cell apoptosis after PA treatment. Moreover, induction of autophagy by pretreatment with rapamycin resulted in distinct decrease of PA-induced apoptosis. Therefore, autophagy can prevent hepatocytes from PA-induced apoptosis. In the further study, we explored pathway of autophagy activation in PA-treated hepatocytes. We found that PA activated PKCα in hepatocytes, and had no influence on mammalian target of rapamycin and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways. Conclusions These results demonstrated that autophagy plays a protective role in PA-induced hepatocytes apoptosis. And PA might induce autophagy through activating PKCα pathway in hepatocytes.

Iniciamos este trabajo con un breve esbozo del paso de las antiguas tradiciones de hospitalidad familiar a una institución pública controlada por las póleis, que pasan a regular las relaciones privadas y públicas con el exterior. Centramos después nuestra atención en la debatida cuestión de cuáles hayan podido ser los motivos que han llevado a que un término posthomérico como πρόξενος, ligado etimológicamente a ξένος «extranjero», adopte a veces el significado inusual de «testigo». Un análisis pormenorizado de los ejemplos homéricos de μάρτυρος «testigo» nos lleva a la conclusión de que ya en la épica homérica se daban indicios premonitorios de la posterior sinonimia entre πρόξενος y μάρτυρος. En la última parte ponemos de relieve las coincidencias entre los resultados del análisis de los diferentes pasajes homéricos, especialmente en el léxico, y algunas de las inscripciones más antiguas en las que πρόξενοι se aplica a «testigos», principalmente en el pacto entre Sibaritas y Serdaîoi y en algunas tempranas donaciones procedentes de colonias griegas del sur de Italia El trabajo acaba con un breve comentario de los ejemplos epigráficos más antiguos de πρόξενος con su valor institucional y de un decreto de proxenía clásico., We start with a short review of the evolution from the ancient tradition of the familiar hospitality to a public institution controlled by the póleis, regulating the private and public foreign relations. Afterwards, we deal with the problem of finding the reasons leading the post-homeric term πρόξενος, related etymologically with ξένος «foreigner», to bear sometimes the inusual meaning of «witness». A careful analysis of the incidences in Homer of the term μάρτυρος «witness», leads to the conclusion that yet in the homeric epics there were premonitory signs of the later synonimy between πρόξενος and μάρτυρος. Finally we underline the coincidences, mainly lexical, between the analyzed homeric pas¬sages and some of the more ancient inscriptions where πρόξενοι is applied to the «witnesses», particularly in the covenant between Sibarites and Serdaîoi and in some ancient donations from Greek colonies in the South of Italy. The paper ends with a short commentary on the earlier epigraphic examples of πρόξενος with its institutional meaning and on a classical decree of proxenía.

Background: This study was aimed to evaluate protective and therapeutic effects of a specific mixture, containing vitamin C, lysine, proline, epigallocatechin gallate and zinc, as well as alpha-1-antitrypsin protein on lung tumorigenesis induced by benzo(a) pyrene [B(a)P] in mice. Materials and Methods: Swiss albino mice were divided into two main experiments, experiment (1) the mice were injected with 100 mg/kg B(a)P and lasted for 28 weeks, while experiment (2) the mice were injected with 8 doses each of 50 mg/kg B(a)P and lasted for 16 weeks. Each experiment (1 and 2) divided into five groups, group (I) received vehicle, group (II) received the protector mixture, group (III) received the carcinogen B(a)P, group (IV) received the protector together with the carcinogen (simultaneously) and group (V) received the carcinogen then the protector (consecutively). Results: Total sialic acid, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, vascular epithelial growth factor, hydroxyproline levels, as well as elastase and gelatinase activities showed significant elevation in group (III) in the two experiments comparing to control group (P < 0.001). These biochemical alterations were associated with histopathological changes. Administration of the protector in group IV and group V causes significant decrease in such parameters with improvement in histopathological alterations with improvement in histopathological alterations when compared with group III in the two experiments (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The present protector mixture has the ability to suppress neoplastic alteration and restore the biochemical and histopathological parameters towards normal on lung carcinogenesis induced by benzo(a) pyrene in mice. Furthermore, the present mixture have more protective rather than therapeutic action.

Dentro del planteamiento inicial del proyecto que era “carcasa biónica”, se presenta en estas páginas el desarrollo conceptual de un protector que pretende minimizar el riesgo de rotura de clavícula en los ciclistas de la modalidad de descenso. La búsqueda y posterior análisis de un referente biónico describen la línea del proyecto.

В результаті математичного моделювання процесу деформування колони насосних штанг, яка знаходиться під дією комплексу силових факторів, із врахуванням дії круглого моменту, створюваного обертачем колони насосних штанг, показано, що дія крутного моменту, прикладеного вгорі колони НШ, негативно впливає на її стійкість. Визначено величину крутного моменту, створюваного лопатями протектора для створення додаткового крутного моменту на колону насосних штанг при взаємодії з потоком рідини в колоні насосно-компресорних труб. Створено розрахункову модель для синтезу кінематичних параметрів приводу черв’ячного обертача колони насосних штанг безперервної дії. Проведено моделювання конструкції елемента з’єднання насосно-компресорних труб і встановлено, що при осьовій деформації пружинної втулки забезпечується сталість діаметральних розмірів, а конструкція витка втулки забезпечує герметичність каналу підйому продукції. Проведено експериментальні дослідження впливу склотканинного покриття тіла насосних штанг на опір корозійній втомі. Встановлено, що покриття тіла насосних штанг склотканинними стрічками підвищує опір корозійній втомі при експлуатації в корозійному середовищі (3%-ний розчин NaCl) на 80%. Сформульовано методику нанесення на тіло насосних штанг склотканинного покриття і запропоновано конструкцію пристрою для нанесення покриття., As the result of mathematical simulation of sucker rod string deformation that is under complex of force factors considering torque effect of rod string rotator is showed that torque effect applied at the top of string impact negatively on its stability. It is defined the value of the torque created by the protector wings for an additional torque on the rod string by the interaction with die fluid flow in the tubing. It is developed a calculation model for the synthesis of kinematic parameters of sucker rod string worm rotator actuator sucker rod of continuous operation. The design simulation of tubing connection element is carried out and established by axial deformation of spring bushing and the stability of diametric dimensions is provided and design of bushing coil ensures the tightness of tubing. Experimental research of the impact of sucker rod body fiberglass coating on corrosive fatigue resistance is carried out. It was established that sucker rod body coating with fiberglass tapes increases corrosive fatigue resistance by operating in corrosive medium (3%-ing solution of NaCl) at 80%. The technique of fiberglass coating applying is formulated and the design of the device for such purpose is developed.

Наведено методику визначення раціональних параметрів протектора насосних штанг, що створює крутний момент під час роботи верстата-гойдалки. Розрахунок раціональних параметрів проводиться за формулою для визначення крутного моменту, створюваного протектором, із методики розрахунку осьових турбін. Наведено графічні залежності середнього значення крутного моменту, створюваного протектором за півперіод роботи верстата-гойдалки, від параметрів, що впливають на роботу системи протекторів. На основі аналізу графіків і з врахуванням умов експлуатації протектора зроблено висновки про раціональні значення параметрів. Виходячи із позиції збереження запасу наявної потужності в системі “колона насосних штанг із протекторами – рідина в колоні НКТ”, проведено розрахунок раціонального значення кута нахилу лопаті на виході з протектора., The method of determination of rational parameters of sucker rods protector, which creates a torque during work of pumping unit, is given in the article. Determination of rational parameters is conducted on the basis of formula by the protector torque according to axial turbines calculation. Graphic dependences between mean value of the protector torque during half of period of pumping unit work, and parameters which influence to work of the protectors system are given, from. On the basis of analysis of the graphs and taking into account the working conditions of protector the conclusions about the rational values of parameters are done. Coming out the position of saving of existent power supply in the system from column of sucker rods with protectors and liquid in the tubing column the calculation of rational value of vane-blade slope angle on an outlet from the protector is conducted.

Обґрунтовується вибір параметрів протектора, призначеного для створення крутного моменту і передавання його колоні насосних штанг. За основу взято теорію розрахунку та конструювання турбін турбобурів. Також використано теорію розрахунку осьових турбін для визначення впливу параметрів протектора на величину крутного моменту., The ground of choice of parameters of the protector intended for creation of torque and its transmission to column of sucker rods is given in the article. For the basis the theory of calculation and constructing of turbines of turbodrills is taken. The theory of calculation of axial turbines is also used for determination of protector parameters influence on the value of moment.

Метою дисертаційної роботи є підвищення ресурсу свердловинного обладнання штангової насосної установки при видобуванні парафінистих нафт шляхом захисту обладнання від факторів корозії та попередження утворення парафінових відкладень в каналі підйому продукції. Для досягнення мети необхідно вирішити такі задачі: 1. Уточнити комплексну дію силових факторів з врахуванням впливу крутного моменту, створюваного обертачем, на стійкість колони насосних штанг. 2. Визначити параметри взаємодії потоку рідини в каналі насосно-компресорних труб з протектором для створення додаткового крутного моменту на колону насосних штанг. 3. Створити розрахункову модель для синтезу кінематичних параметрів приводу черв'ячного обертача колони насосних штанг безперервної дії. 4. Розробити метод нанесення покриття склотканинними стрічками на тіло насосних штанг. 5. Провести комплексні експериментальні дослідження впливу склотканинного покриття тіла насосної штанги на опір корозійно-втомному руйнуванню натурних насосних штанг та визначити період до зародження тріщин в залежності від величини циклічного навантаження.

Den här uppsatsen behandlar stridsvagn122 och Remote Weapon Station (RWS). Det finns ett verkansglapp mellan dagens kalibrar 120 mm och 7,62 mm. Observationsmöjligheterna i vissa situationer är begränsade. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka vilka nya förmågor och möjligheter till ytterligare ett verkansalternativ en fjärrstyrd vapenplattform kan tillföra stridsvagn 122. De frågeställningarna som behandlas är: Vad kan en fjärrstyrd vapenplattform tillföra inom området stridsteknik? Vem i besättningen skall bemanna systemet? Vad kan en fjärrstyrd vapenplattform tillföra inom området graderad verkan? Metoden som används är kvalitativ textanalys. Materialet som analyseras består av reglementen ochinstruktionsböcker från Försvarsmakten, information från försvarsindustrin samt facklitteratur om vapen och stridsvagnar. Slutsatserna som dras är att en fjärrstyrd vapenplattform kan bidra med förbättringar inom området stridsteknik. Inom området graderad verkan kan en fjärrstyrdvapenplattform tillföra olika förmågor beroende på vilket vapensystem som väljs. Moduläriteten medför att verkan kan situationsanpassas. Jag bedömer att den i besättningen som lämpligen ska bemanna systemet är laddaren, men en större flexibilitet uppnås om även vagnchefen kan operera systemet, eftersom vissa situationer kräver att laddarens hela uppmärksamhet är fokuserad på kanonen. This essay studies the Swedish main battle tank stridsvagn 122 and Remote Weapon Station. There is a gap between 120mm and 7.62mm. The observation possibilities in certain situations is limited. The purpose of this essay is to investigate which new abilities a remote weapons station can bring. The following issues are investigated: How does a Remote Weapon Station affect tactics on squad level? Who in the crew is most suited to man the system? Which scalable effects can a remote weapon station bring? The method used is qualitative text analysis. The analyzed material consists of regulations and manuals from the Armed Forces, information from the defence industry. Literature about Weapons and tanks written by civilian authors will be used in order to get a source from outside the Armed Forces. The conclusions drawn are that a remote weapons platform can contribute to enhancements of battle tactics on squad level. A Remote Weapons Station can introduce different new scalable effects depending on the weapon chosen for the specific task. I believe that the loader is the person in the crew that is most suited to man the RWS-system, but a higher degree of flexibility would be reached if also the tank commander could operate the system, since the loader in some situations must direct his full attention to the canon.

Sv. Nikola bio je biskup u Miri u Maloj Aziji. Za njega je vezano više legendâ. Umro je 6. prosinca 327. Pokopan je u Miri. Zbog turskih osvajanja tijelo mu je preneseno u talijanski grad Bari gdje su njegove relikvije i danas. Zaštitnik je djece, pomoraca, djevojaka, siromaha, studenata, ljekarnika, pekara, ribara, zatvorenika, trgovaca, putnika, bolesnika, umirućih. Štovanje sv. Nikole iznimno je rašireno u pravoslavnih vjernika. Zaštitnik je Rusije. Blagdan sv. Nikole u katoličkoj tradicijskoj baštini karakteriziraju: darivanje djece, slavlje s procesijama, molitve, nikolinjski ophodi – sv. Nikola u biskupskome ornatu s palicom i krampus (đavao) s košarom, lancima, šibom i slično obilaze domove kako bi nagradili dobru, a kaznili zločestu djecu. U čast sv. Nikoli Hrvati su sagradili mnogobrojna zavjetna svetišta. Pretkršćanskoga je podrijetla običaj spaljivanja barke na blagdan sv. Nikole., St. Nicholas was the bishop of Miri in Asia Minor. Many legends are connected to his person. He died on December 6th in 327. He was buried in Miri. Due to the Turkish conquest, his body was transferred to the Italian city of Bari, where his relics still lie today. He is considered a protector of children, sailors, girls, poor people, students, pharmacists, bakers, fishermen, prisoners, merchants, travelers, sick and dying people. The cult of St. Nicholas is largerly spread among orthodox believers. He is the protector of Russia. St. Nicholas festivity in catholic traditional heritage is characterized by: giving presents to the children, celebrations with procession, prayers, processions on the day of St. Nicholas – visitations of St. Nicholas dressed in bishop’s robe with a cane and a devil by his side with a basket, chains, rod etc., to reward those who behaved, and to punish those who misbehaved. In the honor of St. Nicholas many votive shrines were bulit by Croatian people. The custom of burning boats on St. Nicholas day is rooted in pagan rituals.

Autophagy serves as a dynamic degradation and recycling system that provides biological materials and energy in response to stress. The role of autophagy in tumor development is complex. Various studies suggest that autophagy mainly contributes to tumor suppression during the early stage of tumorigenesis and tumor promotion during the late stage of tumorigenesis. During the tumorization of normal cells, autophagy protects genomic stability by retarding stem cells-involved damage/repair cycle, and inhibits the formation of chronic inflammatory microenvironment, thus protecting normal cell homeostasis and preventing tumor generation. On the other hand, autophagy also protects tumor cells survival during malignant progression by supporting cellular metabolic demands, decreasing metabolic damage and supporting anoikis resistance and dormancy. Taken together, autophagy appears to play a role as a protector for either normal or tumor cells during the early or late stage of tumorigenesis, respectively. The process of tumorigenesis perhaps needs to undergo twice autophagy-associated screening. The normal cells that have lower autophagy capacity are prone to tumorization, and the incipient tumor cells that have higher autophagy capacity possibly are easier to survival in the hash microenvironment and accumulate more mutations to promote malignant progression.