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A book and a character named „Daniel“ are known in Jewish, Christian and Islamic traditions. The book of Daniel is partly viewed as a prophetic book and Daniel accordingly as a prophet, partly it is explicitly denied that the book and the character „Daniel“ are prophetic. A comparison of the different traditions helps to identify lines of development.

Discussions about the evidentiary value of sunnah, which started about a century and a half ago, arestill underway today. While some say that sunnah is not a source in religion, others continue to argue persuasively that sunnah is a religious source. Those who accept sunnah as a source in religion try to justify the fact that sunnah is proof by saying that sunnah is a revelation. Others claim that the revelation is peculiar to the Quran only. It is seen that these discussions, which also have an ideological dimension, will continue for a long time and similar views will often be brought to the agenda. In fact, it is noteworthythat the current debates were experienced in the same way in the past, especially in the first centuries after Hijra. For this reason, in this paper, it is aimed to draw a panorama of the debates on the source of sunnah by emphasizing the views on the relationship of sunnah with revelation in the first three centuries AH., Yaklaşık bir buçuk asır önce başlayan sünnetin hücciyeti ile ilgili tartışmalar günümüzde de yoğun bir şekilde yaşanmakta ve bazıları tarafından sünnetin dinde kaynak olmadığı ifade edilirken, bir kesim tarafından da sünnetin dinî bir kaynak olduğu hararetle savunulmaya devam etmektedir. Sünneti dinde bir kaynak olarak kabul edenler sünnetin vahye dayandığını söyleyerek sünnetin hücciyetini temellendirmeye çalışmaktadırlar. Diğerleri ise vahyin sadece Kur’ân’a mahsus olduğunu iddia etmektedirler. Sünnetin hücciyetini tamamen reddedenler bir yana sünnetin dinde kaynak olduğunu kabul edenler arasında bile sünnetin kaynağı konusunda tartışmalar yaşanmaktadır. Aslında günümüzde yaşanan tartışmaların geçmişte de özellikle ilk asırlarda aynı şekilde yaşandığı dikkat çekmektedir. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada ilk üç asırlık zaman diliminde sünnetin vahiyle ilişkisi konusunda ortaya çıkan görüşler üzerinde durularak sünnetin kaynağı konusundaki tartışmaların bir panoramasının çizilmesi hedeflenmiştir.

Difficult times in the history of humanity, such as global pandemics, global wars, ecological degradation, drought, poverty and unemployment, require not just leadership, but sustainable leadership. Inspired by the leadership model of Nelson Mandela, this article sought to tap into the resourcefulness of the missional reading of 2 Kings 2:1-18 and use the leadership model of prophet Elijah to unpack what it means to be a sustainable leader in the context of uncertainty. Relying upon literature analysis and a missional reading of 2 Kings 2:1-18, this article concluded that sustainable leadership, taking after the model of prophet Elijah, has five distinctive features, that is, human, missional, mentorship, management of transitions, and transformation. INTRADISCIPLINARY AND/OR INTERDISCIPLINARY IMPLICATIONS: This article investigates the issue of sustainable leadership in the context of uncertainties such as global pandemics, global wars, ecological degradation, among others. It contributes to the disciplines of missiology and missional hermeneutics, biblical theology, and sustainability theories, in particular issues of Christian leadership.

The models for forecasting time series with seasonal variability can be used to build automatic real-time control systems. For example, predicting the water flowing in a wastewater treatment plant can be used to calculate the optimal electricity consumption. The article describes a performance analysis of various machine learning methods (SARIMA, Holt-Winters Exponential Smoothing, ETS, Facebook Prophet, XGBoost, and Long Short-Term Memory) and data-preprocessing algorithms implemented in Python. The general methodology of model building and the requirements of the input data sets are described. All models use actual data from sensors of the monitoring system. The novelty of this work is in an approach that allows using limited history data sets to obtain predictions with reasonable accuracy. The implemented algorithms made it possible to achieve an R-Squared accuracy of more than 0.95. The forecasting calculation time is minimized, which can be used to run the algorithm in real-time control and embedded systems.

CO2 emissions have been an environmental issue for decades. The trigger for the increasing concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere is the growth of industries related to burning fossil fuels for coal, natural gas, and petroleum. For nearly a century, several attempts have been made to suppress the rapid growth of CO2 . This study uses daily atmospheric CO2 levels observed in Mauna Loa laboratories. The method used is a Prophet that can handle seasonality and mark the change points. Almost 20% of data was missing value, which was then imputed using spline interpolation. Based on the analysis results, CO2 levels have an upward trend throughout the year and seasonality. There is no point of change in the last ten years that shows a decrease in CO2 levels. Using forward chaining cross-validation evaluation and error measurement, the prophet model can follow the pattern of CO2 levels well. The average RMSE value is less than 2.0, with an MAPE value bellow 0.5%.

Children can grow and develop, both physically and spiritually, from birth. This study aims to discover the absorption of spiritual ideals in early childhood by using the prophet's story approach with the storytelling method. This qualitative research uses interviews, observation, and documentation. The results showed that the first stage in applying the prophet's storytelling method and internalizing spiritual values for early childhood was to analyze the learning process that contained spiritual values in early childhood through the storytelling method. Second, make learning strategies. Third, with a narrative approach to the story of the prophet, learning to instill spiritual principles is carried out in a practical, engaging, and efficient manner. Fourth, evaluation of implementation as feedback for improving the quality of learning. Fifth, applying the prophet's storytelling approach in early infancy provides knowledge and attitudes about worship habits, obedience, and grateful behavior in daily life.

Islamic feminism, as a discourse within feminism, aims to re-read the Qur’an from a modern egalitarian perspective, which is outside the traditional and patriarchal interpretation of Islam. Islamic feminists reclaim an ethical vision of the Qur’an by presenting a reinterpretation, especially regarding verses that deprive women from having equal rights in the family, as well as in society. However, while Islamic feminism presents a gender equal interpretation of the Qur’an and raises new discourses and debates on gender relations in an Islamic context, a critical insight of Islamic feminism can provide a new gender and religious consciousness that, in turn, develops further perspectives on gender equality in a religious context. This paper aims to provide a critique of Islamic feminism from a social psychological perspective of gender using the theory of Abdulkarim Soroush. His theory considers revelation as the prophet’s word resulting from his religious experience. Soroush defines revelation as an inspiration; in this way, revelation or Qur’an is not directly God’s word, but Muhammad’s word resulting from a divine experience. Accordingly, this paper deals with a social psychological perspective of the lived experience of the prophet as a man in a certain epoch of history, in which the lived experiences of women were not represented, and the revelation or the Qur’an is based on a male lived experience. It begins with an overview of Islamic feminists as well as the more general current of Islamic reformists and their efforts to view the revelation as the word of the prophet in order to avoid attributing the non-scientific content of the Qur’an to the direct word of God. This is followed by a critique of Islamic feminism based on Abdulkarim Soroush’s theory of the recognition of the revelation as the word of the prophet, as well as gender theories from the field of social psychology.

This study offers a fresh reading of John the Baptist’s infancy and childhood narratives in the Gospel of Luke. It argues that Luke utilizes the motif of “hiddenness” to create tension so that John bursts forth into his public ministry in Israel from a place of obscurity. John suddenly appears in public to prepare the way for the messiah. This reading offers for a unifying concept of “concealing-then-revealing” which provides an explanatory lens for several opaque textual units in Luke’s Gospel.

The theme of my thesis are deeds of the prophet Elijah happening during his life as well as in the afterlife. My standpoint uses both Jewish and Christian paradigms, seeks connections between them and links one to the other. The books of kings are a major source and I focused on comprehensive understanding of their texts. I have translated used biblical texts and biblical interpretations into Czech where possible for easier understanding. Some more complex themes have also their original texts or sources I worked with embedded.

Compared to famous Estonian prophets of the eighteenth and ninteteenth centuries who have left a deep mark on culture, prophets of the twentieth century have received less attention. This paper accordingly examines four prophets of the twentieth century: Aleksander Toom (Habakkuk II), Aleksei Aav (Seiu, Orthodox), Karl Reits (market place prophet, Protestant) and Priscilla Mändmets (1939-2003, global prophet, Protestant). Three of them belonged to the Brethrens congregation, while the fourth, Aleksei Aav, was Orthdox. The paper explores how upheavals in political and social life, including secularization, influenced these prophets, as well as the events in their lives that led them to become prophets. Among the main features of their activities, such as healing diseases through prayer, in our cases disseminating visions and the word of God, making doomsday predictions and predicting national or international disasters were the most important. The prophets were all literary prophets who prophesise in writing, they used to alternate between oral and written prophecy. An interesting aspect is the visions and their explanation by means of biblical passages, or the use of these passages in daily dialogues with other people.

With the gradual transformation of chemical industry park to digital and intelligent, various types of environmental data in the park are extremely rich. It has high application value to provide safe production environment by deeply mining environmental data law and providing data support for industrial safety and workers’ health in the park through prediction means. This paper takes the noise data of the chemical industry park as the main research object, and innovatively applies the 3σ principle to the zero-value processing of the noise data, and builds an LSTM model that integrates multivariate information based on the characteristics of the wind direction classification noise data combined with the wind speed and vehicle flow information. The Prophet model integrating multi-site noise information was adopted, and the Multi-PL model was constructed by fitting the above two models to predict the noise. This paper designs and implements a comparative experiment with Kalman filter, BP neural network, Prophet, LSTM, Prophet + LSTM weighted combination prediction model. R2 was used to evaluate the fitting effect of single model in Multi-PL, RMSE and MAE that were used to evaluate the prediction effect of Multi-PL on noise time series. The experimental results show that the RMSE and MAE of the data processed by the 3σ principle are reduced by 32.2% and 23.3% in the multi-station ordered Prophet method, respectively. Compared with the above comparison models, the Multi-PL model prediction method is more stable and accurate. Therefore, the Multi-PL method proposed in this paper can provide a new idea for noise prediction in digital chemical parks.

In Shakespeare’s Richard III, Margaret of Anjou, wife of Henry VI, rises from the dead and haunts her rivals’ stage. Like a ghost, she appears as a supernatural vision from the past, and is called a ‘poor mortal living ghost’ by the Duchess of York who labels Margaret a ghostly vision. She certainly serves as an echo of dynastic loss; she stalks the Yorkist court, cannot undertake any action, and instead waits as a cursing shadow demanding vengeance for the murder of her family. In a production, she might resemble the ghosts that later visit Richard III and curse him. Margaret is not a ghost; and yet she is. The question is whether her appearance might be classified alongside similar visions. This paper examines the nature and function of Margaret’s apparitions as ghostlike scenes, not unlike those of a revenge tragedy and claims that she can be labelled a ghostly figure. Dans Richard III de Shakespeare, Marguerite d’Anjou, épouse d’Henri VI, ressuscite d’entre les morts et hante la scène de ses rivaux. Telle un fantôme, elle apparaît comme une vision surnaturelle du passé, et est qualifiée de « pauvre mortelle vivante » par la duchesse d’York qui voit en Marguerite une figure fantomatique. Elle fait certainement écho à la perte dynastique ; elle hante la cour des York, ne peut entreprendre aucune action, et attend plutôt comme une ombre maudite réclamant vengeance pour le meurtre de sa famille. Sur scène, elle peut ressembler aux fantômes qui rendront plus tard visite à Richard III et le maudiront. Margaret n’est pas un fantôme, et pourtant elle l’est. La question est de savoir si son apparition peut être classée parmi les visions similaires. Cet article examine la nature et la fonction des apparitions de Margaret en tant que scènes fantomatiques, qui ne sont pas sans rappeler celles d’une tragédie de la vengeance, et montre qu’elle peut être considérée comme une figure fantomatique.

Vessel management calls for real-time traffic flow prediction, which is difficult under complex circumstances (incidents, weather, etc.). In this paper, a multimodal learning method named Prophet-and-GRU (P&G) considering weather conditions is proposed. This model can learn both features of the long-term and interdependence of multiple inputs. There are three parts of our model: first, the Decomposing Layer uses an improved Seasonal and Trend Decomposition Using Loess (STL) based on Prophet to decompose flow data; second, the Processing Layer uses a Sequence2Sequence (S2S) module based on Gated Recurrent Units (GRU) and attention mechanism with a special mask to extract nonlinear correlation features; third, the Joint Predicting Layer produces the final prediction result. The experimental results show that the proposed model predicts traffic with an accuracy of over 90%, which outperforms advanced models. In addition, this model can trace real-time traffic flow when there is a sudden drop.

Bu çalışmada Ali Şeriati’nin düşünce dünyasına girebilmek için öncelikle onun hayatı ve eserleri ele alınmıştır. Hayatındaki dönüm noktaları, ulemaya karşı yaklaşımı, aydınlara yüklediği misyon, siyasi olaylara karşı tavrı, ilme verdiği önem ve daha birçok yönü vurgulanmıştır. Onun, Hüseyniye-i İrşad faaliyetleri kapsamında insanlara fikir ve ruh aşılamakta öncülük ettiği görülmektedir. Şeriati yeni kavramlar türetmede mahir bir düşünürdür. Orijinal fikirler öne sürerek insanları etkisi altına almıştır. Onun hayatında Marksizm gibi batı ideolojilerinin etkisi açıkça görülmektedir. Bir ayağının siyasette olması sansürlü bir dil kullanmasına sebep olmuş ve ürettiği gerçek ile hayal karışımı karakterler vasıtasıyla kendine ifade alanı bulabilmiştir. Şeriati’nin düşünce dünyası ve ortaya koyduğu fikirleri çerçevesinde onun siyere dair görüşleri açıklanmıştır. Bir siyer yazarı olarak Şeriati, hem üslup hem de bakış açısı olarak klasik siyer eserlerinden farklı bir tarz benimsemiştir. Hz. Peygamber’in insani yönünü ön plana çıkararak daha kolay erişilebilir bir portre çizmiştir. İbrahimî peygamberler silsilesinde yer alan bütün peygamberlerin ve zincirin son halkası Hz. Peygamber’in hayatları boyunca şirke karşı mücadele içerisinde olduklarını belirtmiş ve bu mücadeleden kesitler sunmuştur. Şeriati’nin siyerinde okuyucuya sunduğu sembol şahsiyetler bulunmaktadır. Siyere dair görüşlerini onların hayatları üzerinden aktarmıştır. Bir sosyolog bakış açısıyla siyer konularını ele almış ve bu konuları devrim fikrini merkeze alarak açıklamıştır. Yazarın siyerine genel olarak bakıldığında Şiî olmasının etkisiyle bazı konulara objektif yaklaşmadığı da görülmektedir. In this study, in order to get to know Ali Shariati’s thoughts, first of all, his life and works are discussed. The turning points in his life, his approach to the ulama, the mission he gave to the intellectuals, his attitude towards political events, the importance he gave to science and many other aspects were emphasized. It is seen that he took the lead in instilling ideas and spirit in people within the scope of Hüseyniye-i İrşad activities. Shariati is an adept thinker in deriving new concepts. He influenced people by putting forward original ideas. The influence of western ideologies such as Marxism is clearly visible in his life. Having one foot in politics caused him to use a censored language, and he was able to find a space for expression through the characters he produced that were a mixture of reality and imagination. In the framework of Shariati's thoughts and ideas, his views on sirah are explained. As a sirah writer, Shariati adopted a different style from classical sirah works, both in style and perspective. By emphasizing the human side of the Prophet Muhammad, he drew a more accessible portrait. He stated that the Prophet Muhammad, who is the last link of all the prophets and the chain of the Abrahamic prophets, was in a struggle against polytheism throughout his life and presented sections from this struggle. There are symbolic figures presented to the reader by Shariati in his works. He conveyed his views on the sirah through their lives. He dealt with the sirah issues from the perspective of a sociologist and explained these issues by centered on the idea of revolution.

Even though Industrial Kitchens (IKs) are among the highest energy intensity spaces, very little work has been done to forecast their consumption. This work explores the possibility of increasing the accuracy of the consumption forecast in an IK by forecasting disaggregated appliance consumption and comparing these results with the forecast of the total consumption of these appliances (Virtual Aggregate—VA). To do so, three different methods are used: the statistical method (Prophet), classic Machine Learning (ML) method such as random forest (RF), and deep learning (DL) method, namely long short-term memory (LSTM). This work uses individual appliance electricity consumption data collected from a Portuguese restaurant over a period of four consecutive weeks. The obtained results suggest that Prophet and RF are the more viable options. The former achieved the best performance in aggregated data, whereas the latter showed better forecasting results for most of the individual loads. Regarding the performance of the VA against the sum of individual appliance forecasts, all models perform better in the former. However, the very small difference across the results shows that this is a viable alternative to forecast aggregated consumption when only individual appliance consumption data are available.

Din sosyolojisinde peygamber kavramına yönelik olarak, tarihi ve sosyolojik bir perspektiften, yeteri kadar inceleme yapıldığı pek söylenemez. Günümüzde peygamber kavramına dönük olarak yapılan araştırmaların büyük çoğunluğunun ilahiyat merkezli incelemeler olduğu görülmektedir. Peygamber kavramının teolojik boyutu olduğu kadar tarihi ve sosyolojik bir boyutunun olduğu da muhakkaktır. Tarihi açıdan büyük dinlerin doğuşunda ve gelişiminde bu figürlerin yeri yadsınamaz. Dolayısıyla peygamberlik konusunun sosyal bilimsel açıdan ele alınması bu bağlamda önem arz etmektedir. Tarihsel açıdan bir olgu olarak peygamberlik konusunun, özellikle Yahudilik, Hıristiyanlık, İslamiyet gibi büyük dinlerdeki önemi teslim edilmelidir. Peygamberlik olgusunun bu dinlerde ne anlam ifade ettiği, tarihte farklı bölge ve zamanlarda farklı peygamber figürlerinin ortaya çıkışı ve bunların toplumla kurdukları ilişkiler genelde dinlerin, özelde ise İbrahimi dinlerin anlaşılabilmesi bakımından incelenmeye değer ve gereklidir. Bu çalışma literatür taraması tekniğiyle yapılmış olup özellikle Batılı din sosyolojisi çalışmalarında peygamber kavramının yeterince ele alınmadığı görülmüştür. Bu nedenle peygamberlik konusunun tarihi ve sosyolojik bir açıdan incelenmesi, peygamber, tarih ve din ilişkisinin açığa kavuşturulmasıyla birlikte bunun din sosyolojisi alanına da önemli bir katkıda bulunacağı düşünülmektedir., In the sociology of religion, it cannot be said that enough studies have been made on the concept of the prophet from a historical, and sociological perspective. Today, it is seen that most of the studies on the concept of the prophet are theology-centered. The concept of the Prophet certainly has a theological, historical and sociological dimension. The place of prophets in the birth and development of historically great religions is undeniable. Therefore, it is important in this context to consider the subject of prophecy from a social scientific perspective. The importance of prophecy as a historical phenomenon, especially in major religions such as Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, must be acknowledged. What the concept of prophecy means in these religions, the emergence of different prophet figures in different regions and times in history, and their relations with society are worth examining and necessary to understand religions in general and Abrahamic religions in particular. This study was carried out with the literature review technique, and it was seen that the concept of the prophet was not adequately addressed, especially in Western sociology of religion studies. For this reason, it is thought that examining the subject of prophecy from a historical and sociological perspective, clarifying the relationship between the prophet, history, and religion, and making an important contribution to the field of sociology of religion.

[ES] El TFM tiene como objetivo diseñar e implementar una herramienta de software para la previsión de demanda sobre series temporales y variables explicativas, utilizando el lenguaje de programación Python y la librería de código abierto Prophet, como un paso hacia la automatización de las tareas de gestión de la demanda en una empresa italiana del sector cárnico, dedicada a la producción y comercialización de productos derivados de carne de pollo. Se utilizarán históricos de ventas comprendidos entre el año 2017 y el año 2022 (aproximadamente 700.000 registros). Además, se realizará una interpretación de las fluctuaciones de la demanda en época de la pandemia de COVID-19. Se espera que la herramienta desarrollada permita reducir el error de pronóstico de la empresa, que actualmente se sitúa entre un 15% y un 30%., [EN] The TFM aims to design and implement a software tool for demand forecasting on time series and explanatory variables, using the Python programming language and the open source Prophet library, as a step towards the automation of demand management tasks in an Italian company in the meat sector, dedicated to the production and marketing of products derived from chicken meat. Sales histories between 2017 and 2022 (approximately 7,000,000 records) will be used. In addition, an interpretation of the fluctuations in demand in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic will be carried out. It is expected that the tool developed will reduce the forecasting error of the company, which currently stands between 15% and 30%., [CAT] El TFM té com a objectiu dissenyar i implementar una eïna de software per a la previsió de demanda sobre sèries temporals i variables explicatives, utilitzant el llenguatge de programació Python i la llibreria de codi obert Prophet, com un pas cap a l'automatització de les tasques de gestió de la demanda en una empresa italiana del sector carni, dedicada a la producció i comercialització de productes derivats de carn de pollastre. S'utilitzaran històrics de vendes compresos entre l'any 2017 i l'any 2022 (aproximadament 7’000.000 registres). A més, es realitzarà una interpretació de les fluctuacions de la demanda en època de la pandèmia de COVID-19. S'espera que l'eïna desenvolupada permeta reduir l'error de pronòstic de l'empresa, que actualment se situa entre un 15% i un 30%.

Online oyun sektörü, herhangi bir değişikliğin etkilerinin çok kısa sürede görülebildiği bir alandır. Bu nedenle; gelirlerin gerçek zamanlı analizi, geliştirilen içeriğin ticari performansının analizi ve içeriğe yapılan geliştirmelerin sağladığı gelir katkılarının anlık izlenmesi esastır. Bu durum; finansal tahminleri, bir şirkete ne kadar çok ve ne kadar hızlı büyümek istediği konusunda stratejik yardımı olabilecek bir iş planının çok önemli bir parçası haline getirir. Belirli bir zaman serisinin finansal tahmininde geleceğe yönelik gelir tahminleri, endüstride önemli bir araştırma konusu olmaktadır. Bu çalışma, son zamanlardaki zaman serisi modellerinin ayrıntılı bir analizini sunar ve gerçek dünya gelir verileri üzerinde zaman serisi tahmini için hem derin öğrenme hem de istatistiksel öğrenme metodlarına odaklıdır. Araştırmanın sonuçları; Finlandiya merkezli, önde gelen bir çevrimiçi oyun şirketinin gelir verileri kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Deneylerimizde Dönemsel Otoregresif Entegre Hareketli Ortalama (SARIMA/Seasonal AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average), Theta, Holt Winters, Prophet, Yoğun Sinir Ağları (DNN/Dense Neural Network), Evrişimsel Sinir Ağları (CNN/Convolutional Neural Network), Uzun Kısa Süreli Bellek (LSTM/Long Short-Term Memory), N-Beats ve Ensemble gibi çeşitli zaman serisi tahmin yöntemlerini inceledik. Deneysel değerlendirmeler, derin öğrenme modellerinin, finansal tahmin işlemlerini optimize edebileceğini göstermektedir. Bu çalışmanın sonucu, işletmecilere ve araştırmacılara hangi modeli benimsemenin en iyi olacağına karar verme konusunda farkındalık sağlayacaktır., Online gaming industry is an area where the effects of any change can be seen in a very short time. Therefore, real-time analysis of revenues, analysis of the commercial performance of the developed content, and rapid monitoring of the revenue contributions of the improvements are essential. Therefore, financial forecasting is a crucial part of business plan which can help strategize how much and how quickly the company intend to grow. In financial forecasting of a given time series, revenue estimations for future will become important research in the industry. This research offers a detailed analysis of recent time series models and focused on both deep learning and statistical methods for time series forecasting on real-world revenue data. Results of the study are examined using one of the leading Finland based online gaming companies’ revenue data. In our experiments, we investigated various time series forecast techniques, such as SARIMA, Theta, Holt Winters, Prophet, Dense Neural Network (DNN), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), N-Beats and Ensemble models. The experimental evaluations illustrate that deep learning models can optimize the financial forecast operations. The result of the study provides insights to managers and analysts in determining the best model to adopt.

This article focuses on the spiritual struggles of Jonah, as narrated in the book bearing his name. While negative evaluations of Jonah's character have dominated recent scholarly work (for example, as a disobedient, stubborn, nationalistic prophet or anti-hero), this article argues that such categorizations are too simplistic and flat. Jonah is, instead, a complex, round character who dares to disobey and argue with God in the course of his struggle to understand and respond to God's attributes and purposes. Throughout Jonah's book, we see God's patience and mercy at work as he commissioned, disciplined, rescued, recommissioned, and educated Jonah. The article includes an inductive summary of the words and actions of Jonah, a literature review, a re-reading of the text in dialogue with scholarly voices focused on the spiritual struggle of the prophet, and a discussion of key pastoral implications for the calling, discernment and character formation of those in Christian ministry.

O presente trabalho tem como principal objetivo estudar séries temporais financeiras, nomeadamente as taxas de câmbio, e identificar o método que apresenta melhores resultados nas suas previsões. Atualmente a análise das taxas de câmbio tem sido um constante desafio, devido à imprevisibilidade das mesmas. Para contornar este problema foram escolhidos instrumentos econométricos específicos com a intenção de encontrar o modelo mais eficiente em prever valores de taxas de câmbio. Neste estudo foram utilizadas as taxas de câmbio EUR/CNY e EUR/USD, ambas com um total de 242 observações entre janeiro de 2002 e fevereiro de 2022 e ambas com frequência mensal, e os modelos econométricos ARIMA, ARIMA-GARCH e Random Walk, incluindo a utilização do algoritmo Prophet. Foram também selecionadas algumas medidas de erro para comparar as previsões obtidas com os valores reais das séries temporais financeiras. Da análise feita, concluiu-se que o modelo ARIMA(0,1,1)-GARCH(1,1) apresentou as melhores previsões in-sample, para ambas as séries originais. As previsões out-of-sample para estas séries não foram as melhores, sendo que o modelo que apresentou a melhor previsão out-of-sample foi o ARIMA(0,1,1), para ambos os casos. Em relação aos retornos, os modelos que apresentaram as melhores previsões in-sample para as séries RetLogEURCNY e RetLogEURUSD foram o Prophet e o MA(1), respetivamente. Nas previsões out-of-sample, foi o Prophet que apresentou o menor erro de previsão, ainda que elevado, para ambos os casos. The main objective of this work is to study financial time series, namely exchange rates, and to identify the method that presents the best results in its forecasts. Currently, the analysis of exchange rates has been a constant challenge, due to their unpredictability. To overcome this problem, specific econometric instruments were chosen with the intention of finding the most efficient model to predict exchange rate values. In this study, the EUR/CNY and EUR/USD exchange rates were used, both with a total of 242 observations between January 2002 and February 2022 and both at a monthly frequency, and the econometric models used were the ARIMA, ARIMA-GARCH and Random Walk, including the use of the Prophet algorithm. Some error measures were also selected to compare the forecasts with the actual values of both financial time series. From the analysis, it was concluded that the ARIMA(0,1,1)-GARCH(1,1) model presented the best in-sample forecasts, for both original series. The out-of-sample forecasts for the original series were not the best, but the model that presented the best out-ofsample forecasts was the ARIMA(0,1,1), for both cases. Regarding the returns, the models that presented the best in-sample forecasts for the RetLogEURCNY and RetLogEURUSD series were the Prophet and MA(1), respectively. In the out-of-sample forecasts, Prophet presented the smallest forecast error, although high, for both cases.

Imaginations are the basic factors that enable the individual to manage the thinking processes efficiently. It is seen that every subject that is to be a subject of thought creates certain imaginations in the mind of an individual. Therefore, the individual develops certain imaginations about religious events, phenomenons, objects and figures. The image of prophet is also among the imaginations developed by the individual concerning religious figures. It is concurrently seen that religion has quite distinct effects on the attitudes of individual. Religious attitudes developed perform important functions in shaping the life of the individual. It is in question that numerous factors work together in development of the religious attitudes. The image of prophet is also an important factor that has an effect on the shaping of the individual’s religious attitudes. In revelation-based religions, the concept of prophecy comes to the fore because of the role of the prophets, who have the role of providing the relationship with God, transmitting and teaching religion and God to the individual. Based on this importance of the concept of prophet, the relationship between religious attitudes and the image of prophet has been examined in the research. The study contributes to the literature in order to understand the nature of the religious attitudes more clearly. Revealing the various elements that are in relation with religious attitudes will make both the religious attitudes and the religious life of the individual comprehended more clearly. “Prophetic Scale” and “Ok-Religious Attitude Scale” were used as measurement tools in this study. Students aged 18 and older who are thought to have established religious attitudes and an image of prophet participated in the research. These students studying at Bursa Uludağ University were selected via random sampling method. In the study in which 334 people participated, the participants consisted of 117 (35%) men and 217 (65%) women. The raw data obtained were analyzed and finalized through the SPSS package program. The results of the analysis show that there is a clear relationship between characteristics of image of prophet and the religious attitude., Tasavvur, bireyin düşünme süreçlerini gerçekleştirmesini sağlayan temel unsurdur. Düşünceye konu olabilen her hususun bireyin zihninde belirli tasavvurlara sahip olduğu görülmektedir. Birey dinî olay, olgu, nesne ve şahsiyetlere yönelik de belirli tasavvurlar geliştirmektedir. Peygamber tasavvuru da bireyin dinî içerikli şahsiyetlere yönelik geliştirdiği tasavvurlar arasında yer almaktadır. Aynı zamanda dinin bireyin tutumları üzerinde oldukça belirgin etkilere sahip olduğu görülür. Geliştirilen dinî tutumlar bireyin yaşantısının şekillenmesinde önemli fonksiyonlar icra etmektedir. Dinî tutumların gelişiminde pek çok faktörün bir arada işlerlik göstermesi söz konusudur. Peygamber tasavvuru da bireyin dinî tutumlarının şekillenmesinde etkiye sahip olan önemli bir unsurdur. Vahye dayalı dinlerde Tanrı ile ilişkiyi sağlayan, bireye dini ve Tanrı’yı aktaran ve öğreten role sahip peygamberlerin, bu rolü dolayısıyla peygamberlik kavramı öne çıkmaktadır. Araştırmada peygamber kavramının bu önemine binaen dinî tutumlar ile peygamber tasavvuru arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Çalışma dinî tutumların mahiyetinin daha açık bir şekilde anlaşılabilmesi adına literatüre katkı sağlamaktadır. Dinî tutumlar ile ilişki içerisinde olan çeşitli unsurların açığa çıkarılması bireyin hem dinî tutumlarının hem de dinî yaşantısının daha açık bir şekilde anlaşılır olmasını sağlayacaktır. Peygamber Tasavvuru Ölçeği ve Ok-Dinî tutum Ölçeği kullanılarak yapılan araştırmada yerleşik dinî tutumlara ve peygamber tasavvurlarına sahip olan, rastlantısal örnekleme metodu ile seçilmiş 18 yaş ve üzeri Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi’nde öğrenim gören öğrencilerle çalışılmıştır. 334 kişinin katıldığı araştırmada katılımcıların 117 (35%)’si erkeklerden ve 217 (%65)’si kadınlardan oluşmaktadır. Edinilen ham veriler SPSS paket programı yardımıyla analiz edilerek sonuçlar elde dilmiştir. Korelasyon analizlerinin gerçekleştirildiği çalışmada dinî tutum ile peygamber tasavvuru arasında pozitif yönlü ilişkinin bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir. Dinî tutumların oluşumunda tasavvurların etkisi dikkate alındığında, geliştirilen peygamber tasavvurunun dinî tutumlar ile doğrudan ilişkili olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Ayrıca Peygamber Tasavvuru Ölçeği’nin belirli alt boyutları ile Ok-Dinî Tutum Ölçeği’nin belirli alt boyutları arasında da çeşitli düzeylerde anlamlı ilişkiler tespit edilmiştir. Bu durum geliştirilen peygamber tasavvurunun sahip olduğu özelliklerin, bireyde ortaya çıkan dinî tutumlardaki farklı yönelimler ile ilişki içerisinde olduğunu göstermektedir.

The first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Saudi Arabia was reported on 2 March 2020. Since then, it has progressed rapidly and the number of cases has grown exponentially, reaching 788,294 cases on 22 June 2022. Accurately analyzing and predicting the spread of new COVID-19 cases is critical to develop a framework for universal pandemic preparedness as well as mitigating the disease’s spread. To this end, the main aim of this paper is first to analyze the historical data of the disease gathered from 2 March 2020 to 20 June 2022 and second to use the collected data for forecasting the trajectory of COVID-19 in order to construct robust and accurate models. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first that analyzes the outbreak of COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia for a long period (more than two years). To achieve this study aim, two techniques from the data analytics field, namely the auto-regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) statistical technique and Prophet Facebook machine learning technique were investigated for predicting daily new infections, recoveries and deaths. Based on forecasting performance metrics, both models were found to be accurate and robust in forecasting the time series of COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia for the considered period (the coefficient of determination for example was in all cases more than 0.96) with a small superiority of the ARIMA model in terms of the forecasting ability and of Prophet in terms of simplicity and a few hyper-parameters. The findings of this study have yielded a realistic picture of the disease direction and provide useful insights for decision makers so as to be prepared for the future evolution of the pandemic. In addition, the results of this study have shown positive healthcare implications of the Saudi experience in fighting the disease and the relative efficiency of the taken measures.

The story of Prophet Moses and Khidr in the Qur'an is not mentioned in the Torah. For this reason, it has been claimed by Western researchers that this story in the Qur'an was influenced by the legends of some cultural basins and comparisons were made. But there is no similarity between the legends they put forward and the story in the Qur'an. Because in the mythology they claim, the belief of polytheism is dominant, and in the story of the Qur'an, the belief of tevhid is dominant. In the Qur'an, Hz. It is clearly stated that Moses is a prophet, Hz. Signs of Khidr's prophecy are given. Even if we accept the view that he is not a prophet, it is clearly stated that he is a righteous person. Muslim scholars, on the other hand, they disagreed on the identity of Khidr, whether he was a prophet or a saint, and whether he was immortal. In our article, we will try to explain the reasons why it is not included in the Torah and the issues on which Islamic scholars disagree., Kur’an’da yer alan Musa Peygamber ve Hızır kıssası Tevrat’ta geçmemektedir. Bu nedenle Batılı araştırmacılar tarafından, Kur’an’daki bu kıssanın, bazı kültür havzalarına ait efsanelerden etkilenmiş olduğu iddia edilmiş ve karşılaştırmalar yapılmıştır. Fakat ileri sürdükleri efsaneler ile Kur’an’da geçen kıssanın benzerliği yoktur. Zira iddia ettikleri mitolojide politeizm inancı, Kur’an’daki kıssada ise tevhit inancı hâkim durumdadır. Kur’an’da Hz. Musa’nın peygamber olduğu açıkça belirtilmiş, Hz. Hızır’ın peygamberliğine dair işaretler verilmiştir. Peygamber olmadığı görüşünü kabul etsek dahi salih bir kişi olduğu açık olarak beyan edilmiştir. Müslüman âlimler ise, Hz. Hızır’ın kimliği, peygamber mi, yoksa veli mi olduğu, ölümsüz olup olmadığı konularında ihtilaf etmişlerdir. Makalemizde, gerek Tevrat’ta yer almamasının sebeplerini ve gerekse İslam âlimlerinin ihtilaf ettiği konuları açıklamaya çalışacağız.

The Qur'an, the last divine book, contains many subjects. One of the important issues in the content of the Qur'an is the parables about the prophets, the societies that lived in the past and some events in history. The stories make up about two-thirds of the Qur'an. Allah, to every society; He declared that he sent a prophet who invited them to worship Allah and spoke their language. The names of some of these envoys sent to humanity are included in the Qur'an, and some of them are not. The parables of some of these prophets have been extensively covered. Although there are different narrations about the number of prophets who were assigned to guide people to the right path, when we look at the parables of the Prophets told in the Qur'an; It is observed that the prophets show similarities in terms of some characteristics such as their adventures, personal characteristics and behaviors. At the beginning of the surahs in which the parables of the Prophet are told, comes the Surah Enbiya. However, the parable that is mentioned in detail in the Qur'an is the parable of the Prophet Yusuf and is told in Surah Yusuf. Prophet Abraham, on the other hand, is one of the first prophets that comes to mind when the parables of the prophets are mentioned in the Qur'an. In the Qur'an, the Prophet is the most mentioned after Prophet Moses, and there is an independent surah in his name. The Prophet Muhammad, who also has a separate surah in his name, was sent to all humanity as the last of the prophets. When their lives are compared in the context of the parables in the Qur'an, it is seen that these two Prophets have similar aspects to each other. In our study, the lives of these two prophets were discussed within the framework of the verses in the Qur'an, and their similarities were tried to be revealed by comparing them. Here's what comes to mind; We are of the opinion that a generalization such as "the prophets are all alike because the source to which they were sent is the same" would not be correct. Although the similar aspects of these two prophets are discussed in the study, the similarities of these prophets in terms of their shari'a are not mentioned in order not to exceed the size of an article., Son ilâhî kitap olan Kur’ân-ı Kerim birçok konu ihtiva etmektedir. Kur’ân’ın muhtevasındaki önemli konulardan birisi de peygamberleri, geçmişte yaşamış toplumları ve tarihteki bazı olayları konu edinen kıssalardır. Kıssalar, yaklaşık olarak Kur’ân’ın üçte ikilik bir bölümünü oluşturmaktadır. Yüce Allah, her topluma; onları Allah’a kulluğa davet eden ve onların dilini konuşan bir peygamber gönderdiğini beyan etmiştir. İnsanlığa gönderilmiş olan bu elçilerden bazılarının isimleri Kur’ân’da yer almış, bazılarınınki ise yer almamıştır. Bu peygamberlerden kiminin kıssalarına genişçe yer verilmiştir. İnsanları doğru yola sevk etmekle görevlendirilen peygamberlerin sayısı ile ilgili farklı rivayetler olmakla birlikte Kur’ân’da anlatılan Peygamber kıssalarına bakıldığında; Peygamberlerin serüvenleri, kişisel özellikleri ve davranışları gibi bir takım özellikleri yönünden benzerlik gösterdikleri gözlemlenmektedir. Peygamber kıssalarının anlatıldığı surelerin başında Enbiyâ suresi gelmektedir. Bununla birlikte Kur’ân’da detaylı olarak zikredilen kıssa ise Hz. Yusuf’un kıssasıdır ve Yusuf suresinde anlatılmaktadır. Hz. İbrahim ise, Kur’ân’da Peygamber kıssaları denilince akla gelen ilk peygamberlerden biridir. Kur’ân’da Hz. Musa’dan sonra ismi en çok anılan peygamberdir ve adına müstakil bir sure bulunmaktadır. Yine adına müstakil bir sure bulunan Hz. Muhammed (s.a.v.) ise, tüm insanlığa peygamberlerin sonuncusu olarak gönderilmiştir. Kur’ân’da yer alan kıssalar bağlamında hayatları karşılaştırıldığında bu iki Peygamberin birbirlerine benzeyen yönlerinin olduğu görülmektedir. Çalışmamızda bu iki peygamberin hayatları Kur’ân’da yer alan ayetler çerçevesinde ele alınıp karşılaştırma yapılarak birbirlerine benzeyen yönleri ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Burada akla gelebilecek; “Peygamberlerin gönderildikleri kaynağın aynı olması nedeniyle hepsi birbirine benzemektedir” gibi bir genellemenin doğru olmayacağı kanaatindeyiz. Her ne kadar çalışmada bu iki peygamberin birbirlerine benzeyen yönleri ele alınmış olsa da bir makale boyutunu aşmaması için bu peygamberlerin şeriatleri yönünden benzerliklerine değinilmemiştir.

Bu makalede Kur’an-sîret münasebetine ilişkin bir kaç husus üzerinde durulacak, bu hususların hem tefsir çalışmaları hem de sîret yazımı açısından önemine dikkat çekilecektir. Kur’an’ın uygulamalı tefsiri mesabesindeki sîret ve sünnet’in tefsirin temel kaynakları oldukları bilinmektedir. Diğer taraftan Kur’an da sîretin sahih kaynağı ve onun yazımı için mihver konumundadır. Buna karşılık bilimsel bir sîret yazımı doğru bir peygamber tasavvuruna, doğru bir peygamber tasavvuru ise Kur’an’ın hakemliğine ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Bu ise sîret/sünnet ile Kur’an arasında diyalektik bir ilişki ve iç içelik manasına gelmektedir. Kur’an’dan anlaşıldığına göre Hz. Peygamber’in sîreti, Kur’an ahlâkının onun şahsında bir hayat tarzı olarak şekillenmesi ve adalet ilkesinin onun uygulamalarında somutlaşmasıdır. Zira Hz. Peygamber’in söz, sükût ve davranışlarıyla şekillenen sîreti, aynı zamanda onun sünnetidir. Sünnetin Kur’an’ın uygulamalı tefsiri olduğunda ise ihtilaf yoktur. Bu bakımdan makalede Kur’an ile sîret arasında sıkı bir bağ olduğu konu edinilmiş, Kur’an’ın tamamının onun sîretinin vahye yansıyan kısmı olduğu üzerinde durulmuştur. Kur’an’da geçen günlük hâdiselere dair âyetlerden geçmiş peygamber kıssalarına ilişkin âyetlere kadar, bütün Kur’an’ın onun sîreti çerçevesinde değerlendirilmesi gerektiği savunulmuştur. Buna göre her tefsir çalışması, aynı zamanda büyük ölçüde bir sîret çalışmasıdır. Kanaatimizce bu husus, onun sîretine ilişkin tarihsel arka planı ele almadan ve diyalektik bir süreç işletmeden sağlıklı bir tefsir çalışmasının ve Kur’an’ın atmosferine giriş yapmanın mümkün olmayacağını göstermektedir., This article focuses on several aspects of the relationship between Qur’an and sirat and highlights the importance of these aspects in relation to tafsir and sirat writing. It is known that sirat and sunna which are the applied tafsir of Qur’an are the main sources of tafsir. On the other hand, Qur’an is both an authentic source and an axis for sirat writing. A methodologically correct sirat writing needs a correct notion of prophethood and a correct notion of prophethood needs the arbitration of Qur’an. This indicates a dialectic and intertwined relationship between sirat/sunna and Qur’an. Qur’an shows that sirat of the Prophet (pbuh) is the materialization of Qur’anic ethics and embodiment of Justice as a way of life in his personality. Yet, the sirat of Prophet (pbuh) which is formed by his words, silence and behaviours is his Sunnah at the same time. There is no dispute regarding that sunna is the applied tafsir of Qur’an. This article talks about the strong relationship between sirat and Qur’an and emphasizes that the whole Quran is part of the reflection of his sirat. It will be shown that from the verses about daily incidents to the ones about the stories of previous prophets, all verses of Qur’an should be understood in relation to his sirat. When viewed from this perspective all tafsir studies are at the same time a study of sirat. From our standpoint, this point shows that a sound tafsir study and understanding of Quran are not possible without taking into consideration the historical background of his sirat and the relationship between Quran and Sirat.

The Prophet forbade the visit to the grave to everyone, men and women, in the early years of Islam, as it would lead to inconvenient consequences and cause a number of prohibitions. Scholars are in agreement on this issue. Because at that time, many traditions of ignorance, especially polytheism, were still alive. The Arabs committed acts that led to polytheism in the graves, said bad words, cried shouting, lamented, and boasted about the dead in the graves. Since women are more prone to these negative behaviors, the Prophet specifically forbade them from visiting and made statements containing heavy threats. Most of the scholars later said that the ban was lifted because the commandments and prohibitions of Islam were thoroughly adopted and started to be applied, while some of the people of tabiin argued that the ban continued. And those who say that the ban has been lifted it is divided into two, one part said that it is for all men and women, the other part however, said that the ban has been lifted only for men and continues for women. In this article, first of all, the narrations of the Prophet that encourage the visit to the grave, stating that he and his companions personally visited the grave, will be transmitted and evaluated. Later, the seemingly contradictory narrations that prohibit visiting the grave for women and again state that their visit is not forbidden will be examined, different opinions, sectarian, fiqhi disputes and interpretations put forward to this day about visiting the grave will be transmitted one by one, and will be evaluated by considering the evidences and the reasons., Hz. Peygamber sakıncalı sonuçlara götürebileceği ve birtakım yasaklara sebep olabileceği için İslâm’ın ilk yıllarında kabir ziyaretini kadın erkek her-kese yasaklamıştır. Bu konuda İslâm âlimleri görüş birliği içindedir. Zira o dönemde başta şirk olmak üzere birçok câhiliye âdeti hâlâ yaşamaktaydı. Araplar kabirlerde şirke götüren davranışlarda bulunuyor, kötü sözler söylüyor, bağırıp çağırarak ağlıyor, ağıt yakıyor, kabirlerdeki ölülerle övünüyorlardı. Kadınlar bu olumsuz davranışlara daha meyilli olduklarından Hz. Peygamber onları ziyaretten özellikle menediyor, tehdit içeren ifadelerde bulunuyordu. Âlimlerin çoğu daha sonra İslâm’ın emir ve yasakları iyice benimsenip uygulanmaya başladığından yasağın kaldırıldığını söylerken tâbiînden bazıları yasağın devam ettiğini savunmuştur. Yasağın kaldırıldığını söyleyenler de ikiye ayrılmış, bir kısmı bunun kadın ve erkek herkes için söz konusu olduğunu, diğer bir kısmı ise yasağın sadece erkekler için kaldırılmış olup kadınlar için devam ettiğini söylemiştir. Bu makalede önce Hz. Peygamber’in kabir ziyaretini teşvik eden, bizzat kendisinin ve sahâbenin kabir ziyaretinde bulunduğunu belirten rivayetler tespit edilip nakledilecektir. Daha sonra kadınların kabir ziyaretini yasaklayan ve ziyaretlerine izin veren zahiren çelişkili rivayetler incelenecek, kabir ziyaretine dair bugüne kadar ortaya konan farklı kanaatler, mezhebî, fıkhî ihtilaf ve yorumlar tek tek nakledilip delilleri ve gerekçeleri ele alınarak değerlendirilecektir.

The purpose of this article is to answer the question of whether the process of human perfection really takes place in accordance with such a hierarchical relationship, considering the statements about the dominance and decisiveness of theoretical intellect/theoretical philosophy over practical intellect/practical philosophy in Ibn Sīnā’s conception of philosophy. Ibn Sīnā’s approach, which accepts that it is possible for human actions to become virtuous thanks to the universal knowledge reached by the theoretical intellect, to direct the actions of the body through the practical intellect, raises the question of what criteria will determine whether the actions are virtuous or unvirtuous in the process until the theoretical intellect’s perfection. It seems that it is possible to look for the solution of this problem in the perspective of Ibn Sīnā, which he put forward in the context of the decisiveness of the “divine religion” in the practical field. Being aware of the decisiveness of religion in the social sphere, Ibn Sīnā places the laws laid down by the prophet on the basis of practical perfection, and relates that good habits and faculties become entrenched in the person, until the theoretical intellect becomes effective on the body through practical intellect, with adherence to these laws., Bu makalenin amacı, İbn Sînâ’nın felsefe tasavvurunda teorik aklın/teorik felsefenin pratik akıl/pratik felsefe üzerindeki hâkimiyeti ve belirleyiciliğine dair ifadeler dikkate alındığında, insanın yetkinleşme sürecinin gerçekten de böyle bir hiyerarşik ilişkiye uygun bir şekilde gerçekleşip gerçekleşmediği sorusunu cevaplamaktır. İbn Sînâ’nın insanın eylemlerinin erdemli hale gelebilmesini teorik aklın ulaştığı tümel bilginin, pratik akıl aracılığıyla bedenin fiillerini yönlendirebilmesi sayesinde mümkün olduğunu kabul eden yaklaşımı, teorik aklın yetkinleşmesine kadar geçen süreçte eylemlerin erdemli veya erdemsiz oluşunu hangi kriterin belirleyeceği sorusunu gündeme getirmektedir. Öyle görünüyor ki, bu sorunun çözümünü İbn Sînâ’nın, ilahî dinin pratik alandaki belirleyiciliği bağlamında ortaya koyduğu bakış açısında aramak mümkündür. Dinin toplumsal alandaki belirleyiciliğinin farkında olan İbn Sînâ, pratik yetkinleşmenin zeminine peygamberin koyduğu yasaları yerleştirerek teorik aklın pratik akıl aracılığıyla beden üzerinde etkin hale gelinceye kadar geçen sürede iyi huy ve melekelerin kişide yerleşik hale gelmesini, bu yasalara bağlılıkla ilişkilendirmektedir.

Humans are needy creatures. It is beyond possible for them to live their life alone. Humans need air, water and food. They need a spouse, friend, mother, father, neighbor or child. They are in need of seeking and finding a shoulder to cry on. Every individual has similar and different needs. These needs become more evident in individuals with special needs. Individuals with special needs are a reality of societies from past to present. Individuals with special needs constitute approximately 12% of the world population. Statistics show that the population density of our country is around the world population. It is at a level that will make a significant contribution and influence to the peace and happiness of the society in which the individuals with special needs live in peace and happiness. Considering the families of the individuals with special needs, the number of positive and negative approaches on the society increases. From time to time, individuals can live in siege within the flowing life conditions. While walking through this siege, a blind spot is formed against individuals with special needs and needs cannot be seen. This is an important problem. In this respect, it is important to remind the responsibilities towards individuals with special needs and to re-update the issue with different perspectives. In this study,towards individuals with special needs and their relatives, The example of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) will be tried to be conveyed., İnsan başkalarının yardımına muhtaç bir varlıktır. Tek başına hayatını sürdürmesi imkân ötesidir. İnsan havaya, suya, gıdaya muhtaçtır. İnsan, eşe, arkadaşa, anne, babaya, komşuya, evlada muhtaçtır. İnsan hemdert olmaya ve hemdert bulmaya muhtaçtır. Her bireyin birbirine benzer ve birbirinden farklı ihtiyaçları vardır. Bu ihtiyaçlar özel greksinimli bireylerde daha da belirginleşmektedir. Özel gereksinimli bireyler geçmişten günümüze toplumların bir hakikatidir. Özel gereksinimli bireyler dünya nüfusunun yaklaşık %12’sini oluşturmaktadır. İstatistikler ülkemiz nüfusunda da yoğunluğun dünya nüfusu civarında olduğunu göstermektedir. Özel gereksinimli bireylerin huzur ve mutluluğu içinde yaşadıkları toplumun huzur ve mutluluğuna önemli katkıda ve etkide bulunacak düzeydedir. Özel gereksinimli bireylerin aileleri de düşünüldüğünde olumlu olumsuz yaklaşımların topluma olan etkisindeki kat sayı yükselmektedir. Zaman zaman fertler akıp giden hayat şartları içerisinde bir kuşatılmışlık da yaşayabilmektedir. Bu kuşatılmışlık içerisinde yürünürken özel gereksinimli bireylere karşı kör nokta oluşmakta gereksinimler görülememktedir. Bu durum önemli bir problemdir. Bu açıdan özel gereksinimli bireylere karşı sorumlulukların hatırlatılması, farklı bakış açıları ile meselenin yeniden güncellenmesi önem arzetmekedir. Bu çalışmada özel gereksinimli bireylere ve bu bireylerin yakınlarına karşı Hz. Peygember’in örnekliği aktarılmaya çalışılacaktır.

Following the World Health Organization proclaims a pandemic due to a disease that originated in China and advances rapidly across the globe, studies to predict the behavior of epidemics have become increasingly popular, mainly related to COVID-19. The critical point of these studies is to discuss the disease's behavior and the progression of the virus's natural course. However, the prediction of the actual number of infected people has proved to be a difficult task, due to a wide range of factors, such as mass testing, social isolation, underreporting of cases, among others. Therefore, the objective of this work is to understand the behavior of COVID-19 in the state of Ceará to forecast the total number of infected people and to aid in government decisions to control the outbreak of the virus and minimize social impacts and economics caused by the pandemic. So, to understand the behavior of COVID-19, this work discusses some forecast techniques using machine learning, logistic regression, filters, and epidemiologic models. Also, this work brings a new approach to the problem, bringing together data from Ceará with those from China, generating a hybrid dataset, and providing promising results. Finally, this work still compares the different approaches and techniques presented, opening opportunities for future discussions on the topic. The study obtains predictions with R2 score of 0.99 to short-term predictions and 0.93 to long-term predictions.

Yüce Allah, Kur’ân-Kerim’i bütün insanlara rehber olarak göndermiş, Allah kelamıdır. İnsanların kitabın rehberliğinden faydalanabilmeleri için onu anlamaları gerekir. Kur’ân’ı şüphesiz en iyi anlayan ve anlatan, Kur’ân’ın tebliğ ve tebyin etme görevi bulunan Hz. Muhammed (s.a.s)’dir. Peygamberimizin vefatından sonra sahabeden itibaren günümüze kadar Kur’ân’ı anlama çalışmaları devam etmiştir. İlk devirlerden itibaren müşrikler gibi Kur’ân’ı Kerimi peygamber sözü olarak anlayanlar olduğu gibi süreç içerisinde Kur’ân’a tarihsel bir kitap olarak bakanlar, bir kısım hükümlerinin değişmesi gerektiğini ve kıssalarının yaşanmış olaylar değil, temsili olduğunu söyleyenler de olmuştur. Diğer yandan bilgi ve anlama kapasitesinden veya Kur’ân’ın çok veya zıt anlamlı veya anlamı açık seçik olmayan kelime ve cümlelerinden kaynaklanan farklı yorumlar da olmuştur. Bu çalışma sahabe döneminden günümüz kadar Kur’ân’a yaklaşımlar ve bazı ayetlerin niçin farklı anlaşıldığı üzerinde durulmuştur., Almighty Allah sent the Qur'an as a guide to all people, the word of Allah. In order for people to benefit from the book's guidance, they need to understand it. A prophet who undoubtedly understands and describes the Qur'an best has the task of announcing and explaining the Qur'an. Muhammad (s.a.s) is. After the death of our Prophet, the works of understanding the Qur'an have continued from the companions to the present day. From the first times, there were those who understood the Qur'an as the word of the Prophet, as well as those who saw the Qur'an as a historical book in the process, those who said that some of its provisions should change, those who said that its stories were representative, not events that happened. On the other hand, there have also been different interpretations arising from the capacity of knowledge and understanding, or from the words and sentences of the Qur'an that are very or antonyms or whose meaning is not obvious. This study focused on approaches to the Qur'an from the time of the companions until today and why some verses are understood differently.

Time series forecasting methods are used by an evolving field of data analytics for the prediction of market trends, sales, and demands. Turkey is the major producer of hazelnut in the world. If Turkey wants to continue its domination of hazelnut and protect the price-setting role, time series forecasting methods could be key factors accordingly. There are a few studies that focused on time series forecasting of hazelnut export quantities of Turkey, and this study uses a recently developed algorithm and implements a power transformation to increase the forecast accuracy. The presented research aims to forecast Turkey’s hazelnut export quantities for the coming 36-months starting from June 2020. The forecasting process was conducted with the help of Facebook’s Prophet algorithm. To improve the forecast accuracy, a Box-Cox power transformation was also implemented to process. To find out the stationarity and periodicity of the data set, the Augmented Dickey-Fuller test and autocorrelation function was applied to the time-series data. The Prophet algorithm, with Box-Cox transformation, projected the hazelnut export quantity could be over five hundred thousand tons from 07/2020 to 06/2023. The export quantities were in an increment trend, and the slope of the trend has increased since June 2008 by 0.66 % per month. The Prophet algorithm also revealed the seasonality of the data set, and the export amounts indicate monthly oscillations. The monthly export volumes start to increase and reach their peak value in October because August is the time for the harvest of hazelnuts in Turkey.

Demand forecasting for business practice is one of the biggest challenges of current business research. However, the discussion on the use of forecasting methods in business is still at the beginning. Forecasting methods are becoming more accurate. Accuracy is often the only criterion for forecasting. In the reality of business practice or management is also influenced by other factors such as runtime, computing demand, but also the knowledge of the manager. The goal of this article is to verify the possibilities demand forecasting using deep learning and statistical methods. Suitable methods are determined on based multi-criteria evaluation. Accuracy according to MSE and MAE, runtime and computing demand and knowledge requirements of the manager were chosen as the criteria. This study used univariate data from an e-commerce entity. It was realized 90-days and 365-days demand forecasting. Statistical methods Seasonal naive, TBATS, Facebook Prophet and SARIMA was used. These models will be compared with a deep learning model based on recurrent neural network with Long short-term memory (LSTM) layer architecture. The Python code used in all experiments and data is available on GitHub (https://github.com/mrnavrc/demand_forecasting). The results show that all selected methods surpassed the benchmark in their accuracy. However, the differences in the other criteria were large. Models based on deep learning have proven to be the worst on runtime and computing demand. Therefore, they cannot be recommended for business practice. As a best practice model has proven Prophet model developed at Facebook. Web of Science 18 8 141 123

This master thesis analyses the supply chain methodology called DDMRP and its known issues. However, DDMRP presents two main matters for the stock planners of the companies. The first one is the computation of the ADU and the second one is the sizing of the Red Zone of the Stock Buffers. The goal of the study is to find alternatives to these two issues. To compute the ADU more accurately, three time series methodologies are proposed: ARIMA, Holt-Winters and Prophet. On the other hand, the Red Zone size is computed minimizing a formulated cost function. Using a Montecarlo simulation, the number of stock units that minimizes the cost function can be found. With this procedure the planner would not need to establish any parameter, only known values of the product.

COVID-19 son yılların en bulaşıcı hastalığıdır ve dünyanın her yerinde salgına neden olmuştur. Daha önce yüzlerce olan ölüm oranı önce binlere, sonra milyonlara yükselmiştir. Ocak 2020'den beri birçok bilim insanı, hükümetlerin hastanelerde yeterli düzenlemeleri yapabilmesi ve ölüm oranını azaltılabilmesi için COVID-19’un yayılımını anlamaya ve tahminlemeye çalışıyor. Bu araştırma makalesi, Avrupa’daki COVID-19 hastalık epidemiyolojisi için tahminler yapmak amacıyla, ARIMA, Prophet ve Holt Winters Üstel Düzeltme yöntemlerinin performans karşılaştırmasını sunmaktadır. Veri seti olarak, Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ)'nün toplayıp kategorize ettiği, Avrupa ülkelerinin 2020 ile 2022 yılları arasındaki COVID-19 vaka verileri kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, Holt-Winters Üstel Düzeltme (RMSE: 0.20, MAE: 0.17) yönteminin, ARIMA ve Prophet tahmin yöntemlerinden daha iyi performans gösterdiğini belirtmektedir., COVID-19 is the most common infectious disease of the last few years and has caused an outbreak all around the world. The mortality rate, which was earlier in the hundreds, increased to thousands and then to millions. Since January 2020, several scientists attempted to understand and predict the spread of COVID-19 so that governments may make sufficient arrangements in hospitals and reduce the mortality rate. This research article presents a comparative performance analysis of ARIMA, Prophet and Holt-Winters Exponential Smoothing forecasting methods to make predictions for the COVID-19 disease epidemiology in Europe. The dataset has been collected from the World Health Organization (WHO) and includes the COVID-19 case data of European countries, which is categorized by WHO between the years of 2020 and 2022. The results indicate that Holt-Winters Exponential Smoothing method (RMSE: 0.2080, MAE: 0.1747) outperforms ARIMA and Prophet forecasting methods.

Ohio State Üniversitesi Yakın Doğu Dil ve Kültürleri bölümünden Sean Anthony’nin son kitabı Batılı literatürde Hz. Peygamber algısının ulaştığı noktayı ve İslam dışı kaynakları klasik İslam tarihi kitaplardaki merkez anlatıya bazen bir alternatif bazen de onları tamamlayıcı veriler olarak gören yaklaşımları takip imkânı sunar.

One of the most important applications of the intelligent operation and maintenance of a cloud database is its trend prediction of key performance indicators (KPI), such as disk use, memory use, etc. We propose a method named AutoPA4DB (Auto Prophet and ARIMA for Database) to predict the trend of the KPIs of the cloud database based on the Prophet model and the ARIMA model. Our AutoPA4DB method includes data preprocessing, model building, parameter tuning and optimization. We employ the weighted MAPE coverage to measure its accuracy and use 6 industrial datasets including 10 KPIs to compare the AutoPA4DB method with other three time-series trend prediction algorithms. The experimental results show that our AutoPA4DB method performs best in predicting monotonic variation data, e.g.disk use trend prediction. But it is unstable in predicting oscillatory variation data; for example, it is acceptable in memory use trend prediction but has poor accuracy in predicting the number of database connection trends.

This paper in the field of Islamic theology scrutinizes the implication of the verse Aṭīʿū on the infallibility. The verse (اطِیعُوا اللَّهَ وَ أَطِیعُوا الرَّسُولَ وَ أُولِی الْأَمْرِ مِنْکُمْ) “Obey Allah and obey the Messenger and those of you who are in authority” (Q. Nisa /59) is one of the most important Quranic reasons that Islamic theologians have prepared for proving the infallibility of prophets, especially Islam prophet. Muslim theologians have made a reason like this: 1) God has absolutely commended Muslim believers to obey the Messenger and those who have authority on others among them. 2) If they were not infallible, God’s absolute command to obey them would be wrong. 3) But God never is wrong. 4) Therefore, they were infallible. The author thinks that this reasoning is wrong. According to some evidences, God’s command to obey the Messenger and who are in authority is not absolute. On the other hand, there is no correlation between God’s absolute command to obey someone and his infallibility. Introduction The Infallibility of God’s prophets is one the most significant issues in Islamic theology (Kalam). Muslim theologians have posed some rational and traditional reasons to prove the infallibility of prophets. One the main traditional reasons is this verse of the Quran which says: (أَطِیعُوا اللَّهَ وَ أَطِیعُوا الرَّسُولَ وَ أُولِی الْأَمْرِ مِنْکُم); “Obey Allah and obey the Messenger and those of you who are in authority” (Nisa, 59). The aim of this paper is criticizing this reason after explaining. Explaining the Reasoning to the Verse The logical form of Muslim theologians’ reasoning to the verse ʾAṭīʿū (اطیعوا) is like this: 1) God has absolutely commanded people to obey the Prophet. 2) The absoluteness of the command indicates that the Prophet is infallible. 3) Then, the Prophet is infallible. In explaining the correlation between the absoluteness of God’s command and infallibility (premise 2), Muslim theologians say that if the Prophet was not infallible and it was probable that he committed a sin or lapse, it was wrong that God absolutely commanded people to obey him. Since, the absolute command to obey a fallible man will lead people into obey him in his wrong commands and sins. This is against God’s aim of sending the Prophet. However, God never is wrong. Therefore, the absoluteness of God’s command implies that the Prophet is infallible (see: Hillī, 1365: 183-184; Muẓaffar, 1422: 4/ 221; Āmidī, 1423: 5/ 217). Shiite theologians also assert this reason for affirming the infallibility of their Imams, since they believe that the word ‘أُولِی الْأَمْرِ مِنْکُم’ (those of you who are in authority), which has been mentioned after the prophet’s name, refers to their Imams. Critique of the Reasoning The author thinks that Muslim theologian’s reasoning is wrong in both premises 1 and 2. Firstly, God’s command to obey the prophets is not absolute in a way that people are obligated to obey their all commands even their wrong commands. Secondly, the absoluteness of the command to obey someone does not indicate that his is infallible. In explaining the first objection, I must to mention a subject in Islamic ʿIlm al-ʿUsūl which is called Muqaddamāt Ḥikmat (the premises of wisdom). This subject deals with the condition of understanding an absolute meaning from a statement that some unconditional words has been used in. Islamic jurisprudents are not in agreement about the number of these conditions, but there is general consensus about both of them. The first one is that the speaker who uses an absolute proposition to be in the state of asserting his complete intention not in the state of saying a brief outline. Sometimes a speaker is in a position that just wants to say a brief outline of his/her opinion and intention, then he/she uses general words and propositions without saying details. However, he/she will state the details and conditions of his/her general judgments in other situations. Here, it is wrong if someone thinks that his/her main intention of those words and propositions has been general and absolute. The second premise of Muqaddamāt Ḥikmat is lack of continuous or discontinuous conditions. It is clear that when a speaker states a condition for his absolute statement, it is wrong to take his main intention absolute. Sometime the speaker uses a continuous condition and sometime discontinuous. A continuous condition is like saying first “buy meat. I mean lamb meat”. A discontinuous condition is a condition that the speaker add after a while, short or long. The author thinks that both of these conditions are absent in the verse ʾAṭīʿū (اطیعوا). In this verse, God is in the state of giving the outline of His law about obeying the Prophet. The reason for this claim is citing three different subjects in one proposition. These are God, the Prophet and the ʾUlulʿamr (those who have authority on others). God is an eternal, omniscience, omnipotent, omnibenevolent existent and the creator of humans who has absolute authority on the world. The Prophet is a human being who receives God’s revelation, the man who God has said about him “The Prophet is more protective towards the believers than they are themselves” (Ahzab/ 6). And ʾUlulʿamr which literally means the governor and who has authority and sovereignty on others. God has never made the meaning of this word clear in the Quran. Muslims are not in agreement about its meaning. Shiite says they are our Imams, ʿAli and his children. Sunni says they are our Islamic caliphs. By the way, ʾUlulʿamr are individuals who are in lower state of the Prophet. They have never received God’s revelation. Therefore, due to these differences, the extents of obeying these three subjects are not the same. Hence, we can conclude that the order of obeying them in one statement is a brief outline. On the other hand, by a brief search we can find several evidences that show the conditions and qualifications of obeying the prophets. The first evidence is rational. According to the idea of rational goodness and badness which most Islamic sects like Shiite and Muʿtazilites believe in, understanding moral principles is done by reason. Therefore, observing moral principles is necessary for all people and rational beings even for God. Thus, if someone, God or the Prophet, gives a command against apparent moral principles, like killing an innocent person, we are not obligated to obey it. Also, there are some traditional (naqlī) evidences in the Quran that make clear where people can disobey the prophets’ commands. The Quran says: “No person to whom God had given the Scripture, wisdom, and prophethood would ever say to people, ‘Be my servants, not God’s” (Āl-ʿImrān/ 79). And in another verse: “It is inconceivable that a prophet would ever dishonestly take something from the battle gains” (Āl-ʿImrān/ 161). In these verse, God has put two conditions for obeying the prophets’ command. First, if they say: “Be my servants, not God’s”, people are not obligated to obey. Second, if they want dishonestly to take something from the battle gains. The third case is when their order is against God’s judgment in the Scripture. As we read in the Quran: “Mankind was a single community, then God sent prophets to bring good news and warning, and with them He sent the Scripture with the Truth, to judge between people in their disagreements” (al-Baqara/ 213); “We revealed the Torah with guidance and light, and the prophets, who had submitted to God, judged according to it for the Jews”. In addition, there are some traditions from the Prophet and Shiite Imams that we can put them as the conditions of the verse ʾAṭīʿū (اطیعوا) like this: “No obedience of a creature is permissible as long as the creator is being disobeyed”, the Prophet said (Hurr ʿĀmilī, 1409: 11/ 157). The second objection to Muslim theologians’ reasoning to the verse is criticizing the correlation between the absoluteness of God’s command to obey the Prophet and his infallibility. Since, it is reasonable to say people that have to absolutely obey that man in whatever said, who is most knowledgeable and righteous among them. Although, he is not infallible and it might be that he makes a mistake, but obeying him has more advantages than disobeying. Conclusion According to the mentioned objections, the author of this paper thinks that Muslim theologians’ reasoning to the verse ʾAṭīʿū (اطیعوا) for proving the Prophet’s infallibility is not correct.

This article is devoted to the analysis of “Al-Shamail an-Nabawiyya”, one of the most important works of Abu Isa at-Tirmidhi. As it is known that Central Asian scholars made invaluable contributions to Islamic civilization. They played a special role in the development of secular and religious sciences in the Middle Ages. Indeed, since the creation of mankind in Central Asia, especially in the territory of Uzbekistan, the processes of civilization have not stopped, even for a moment. The advent of Islam further accelerated the ongoing processes. Ancient cities of Uzbekistan, such as Samarkand, Bukhara, Shosh, Nasaf, Termez, became major cultural centers. Scholars such as Imam Bukhari, Imam Darimi and Imam Tirmidhi grew up in these areas and founded a school of hadith scholars, which led to a special recognition of Islam. While Imam Bukhari was the first to form the Ahl al-Hadith tradition, Imam al-Tirmidhi took it to its highest peak. In Islam, the most reliable book after the Qur'an is six hadith collections. The author of the first reliable collection was Imam Bukhari, while Imam al-Tirmidhi authored the third collection of authentic hadiths through the book Sunan at-Tirmidhi. The scholar's book “Ash-Shamoil an-Nabawiyya” is one of the most published works in the world. Indeed, this book has a special significance as it details the inner and outer aspects of the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.). Although Imam al-Tirmidhi's Sunan at-Tirmidhi was the basis for many studies, there is no comprehensive analytical study of the book Al-Shamoil an-Nabawiyya. “Ash-Shamail an-Nabawiyya” is acollection of hadithscompiled by the IXth-century scholarTirmidhiregarding the intricate details of theIslamic prophetMuhammad's appearance, belongings, manners and life. The book contains 399 narrations from the successors of Muhammad which are divided into 56 chapters. We analyzed the full content of the work and gave information about the scholar’s life, important works. The paper gives a brief account of the life and works of the scholar, the main focus is on the history of writing the book of “Ash-Shamail an-Nabawiyya”, its internal structure, its place in the Islamic world.

Narratives have been narrated in Shiite and Sunni hadīthī and historical sources, and have always been presented in various forms in scientific and propaganda gatherings, which deserve to reconsider, discover and explain the truth of the matter, including the story of the Prophet's asking forgiveness from the people of Medina, while he was sick, and then a request for Qiṣāṣ (i.e. retaliation) by a man from Medina (Sawādah ibn Qays) and finally kissing the blessed shoulder of the Prophet instead of retaliation, which is known in the narratives as the hadith of "Quḍayb Mamshūq". This article seeks to examine the documental and implicational study of the above narrative and by researching the document of this narrative and the content of the beloved hadith, it was concluded that most of the narrators of this narrative are Sunnis and this hadith has no Shiite basis at all and it has been transferred from Sunni sources to Shiite sources, and the oldest source of this narrative in Shiite sources is Sheikh Sadūq's book named Amālī. Accordingly, the above hadith is not only invalid in terms of authenticity, but its content is incompatible with the verses of the Qur'an, the necessities of the religion and the Shiite ideas. This narrative has also been reported variously in Sunni books.

This article deals with al-Fārābī's approach to the identity of the prophet. The science of kalām focuses on issues such as miracles and the attributes of prophets about prophecy. Al-Fārābī, on the other hand, looks at the phenomenon of prophethood differently from the science of kalām. He considers prophecy from psychological and socio-political perspectives. Psychological prophecy is more about the theory of revelation, while socio-political prophecy is more about socio-political leadership. Psychological prophecy is mostly under the influence of Aristotle. Socio-political prophecy, on the other hand, is mostly under the influence of Plato. Al-Fārābī developed a Hellenic-Islamic revelation doctrine, especially thanks to Aristotle's psychology teaching. He did something similar in socio-political prophecy. Al-Fārābī developed the doctrine of social prophecy with the help of Plato. He made Plato's lawgiver, king, and philosopher a prophet. As a result, al-Fārābī followed a multi-faceted philosophical path in order to develop his multi-faceted prophetic teaching. Metaphysic is at the center of this philosophy. Ethics and politics are at the service of metaphysics. Prophetic teaching is shaped in ethics and politics. Prophecy is a matter of the volitional world.Al-Fārābī tries to reconcile philosophy and religion. He made an effort not to conflict with Islam, the religion of the society. For this he developed the theory of social prophecy. Al-Fārābī's social prophecy is a kind of affirmative identification doctrine. According to this, the prophet is a mass philosopher, legislator, first ruler, first sovereign, imam, educator, hero, and soothsayer. These identities are associated with a serious tone of politics. Already, some of them are direct political identities, like the first ruler. Politics in the philosophy of al-Fārābī is the element that establishes the relationship between philosophy and religion. While philosophy is a high occupation, religion is for the common people. Politics, on the other hand, provides the balance between philosophy and religion. Prophecy is twofold: prophecy as revelation and prophecy as political astrology.For al-Fārābī, the prophet is the philosopher of the masses. Perhaps the biggest problem in al-Fārābī’s political philosophy is that Muhammad's philosophical intellectual side was weak. Al-Fārābī tries to close this gap with Plato and Aristotle. The state administrator that he shows as an ideal is Muhammad, who has intellectual knowledge of Plato and Aristotle. In this way, al-Fārābī tries to establish a reconciliation between Islamic and Greek philosophy. In this context, al-Fārābī also benefits from Plato's philosopher-king doctrine. Muhammad is the prophet-king. Muhammad existed as a prophet and state ruler in history. Al-Fārābī adds the philosopher part Muhammed through Aristotle and Plato. The prophet is the legislator. Legislation was a familiar phenomenon in both Greece and Islam. For al-Fārābī, the legislator is the guide on fundamental legal issues. The legislator codifies the law in this aspect. Legislation itself is legal codification. Lawyers, on the other hand, deduce legal provisions from the codifications set by the legislator. Prophet is the first ruler. A manager should have many qualities. For example, the manager must be physically and mentally competent. The prophet is the first sovereign. Sovereignty means state. Religion cannot exist without the state. In terms of al-Fārābī philosophy, Allah sent Muhammad himself as the head of state, in addition to being a prophet. The prophet is the imam. Believers, namely citizens are those who follow the imam. Through to the imam, citizens take place in the hierarchy of the umma, that is, the state. The prophet is the teacher. The prophet himself does not need education. Al-Fārābī develops the doctrine of prophethood through some different identities apart from these identities: priesthood and heroism. Prophecy is twofold: revelation and political astrology. Political success is not achieved without heroism.After al-Fārābī, social prophecy did not receive the attention it deserved. The philosophers' teaching of psychological prophecy received more attention., Bu makale Fârâbî’nin peygamberin kimliği konusuna olan yaklaşımını ele almaktadır. Kelam ilmi, peygamberlik konusunda mucize ve peygamberlerin sıfatları gibi konuları merkeze alır. Fârâbî ise peygamberlik olgusuna kelam ilminden farklı bakar. O, peygamberliği psikolojik ve sosyo-politik açılardan ele alır. Psikolojik peygamberlik daha çok vahiy teorisi ile ilgiliyken sosyo-politik peygamberlik ise daha çok sosyo-politik önderlik ile ilintilidir. Psikolojik peygamberlik daha çok Aristo etkisi altındadır. Sosyo-politik peygamberlik ise daha çok Platon etkisi altındadır. Fârâbî özellikle Aristoteles’in psikoloji öğretisi sayesinde Helen-İslam terkipli vahiy öğretisi geliştirdi. Benzer bir şeyi sosyo-politik peygamberlikte yaptı. Fârâbî, Platon yardımıyla sosyal peygamberlik öğretisi geliştirdi. Platon’un kanun koyucusu, kralı ve filozofunu Fârâbî peygamber yaptı. Neticede çok yönlü peygamberlik öğretisini geliştirmek için Fârâbî, çok yönlü bir felsefe yolu izledi. Bu felsefede merkezde duran metafiziktir. Etik ve politika ise metafiziğin hizmetindedir. Peygamberlik öğretisi etik ve politikada şekillenmektedir. Peygamberlik iradi dünyanın bir konusudur. Fârâbî, felsefe ve dini uzlaştırmaya çalışır. O, toplumun dini olan İslam ile çatışmamaya gayret sarf etti. Bunun için sosyal peygamberlik teorisi geliştirdi. Fârâbî’nin sosyal peygamberlik öğretisi, bir tür olumlamalı kimliklendirme öğretisidir. Buna göre peygamber kitlesel filozoftur, yasa koyucudur, ilk yöneticidir, ilk hükümdardır, imamdır, eğitmendir, kahramandır ve kâhindir. Bu kimlikler ciddi tonda politika ile ilintilidir. Zaten bir kısmı direkt politik kimliklerdir, ilk yönetici gibi. Fârâbî felsefesinde politika; felsefe ve dinin arasını kuran unsurdur. Felsefe üst bir meşguliyet iken din ise halk tabakasına yöneliktir. Politika ise felsefe ve din arasındaki dengeyi sağlar. Kehanet iki yönlüdür: Vahiy olarak kehanet ve politik müneccimlik olarak kehanet. Fârâbî için peygamber kitlelerin filozofudur. Fârâbî siyaset felsefesinde en büyük sorun belki de Hz. Muhammed’in felsefi anlamda düşünsel yönünün zayıf oluşudur. Fârâbî bu açığı Platon ve Aristoteles ile kapatmaya çalışır. Onun ideal olarak gösterdiği site yöneticisi düşünsel olarak Platon ve Aristoteles bilgisine sahip Hz. Muhammed’dir. Fârâbî bu şekilde İslam ve Yunan felsefesi arasında bir uzlaşma tesis etmeye gayret sarf eder. Bu bağlamda Platon’un filozof-kral öğretisinden de yararlanır. Hz. Muhammed peygamber-kraldır. Hz. Muhammed, tarihte peygamber ve site yönetici olarak var oldu. Filozof kısmını ise Fârâbî; Aristoteles ve Platon yoluyla eklemler. Peygamber yasa koyucudur. Yasa koyuculuk hem Yunan hem de İslam’da bilinen bir olguydu. Fârâbî için yasa koyucu, temel hukuki konularda yol göstericidir. Yasa koyucu bu yönüyle hukuku kodifike eder. Yasa koyuculuk bizatihi hukuksal kodifikasyondur. Hukukçular ise yasa koyucu tarafından konulan kodifikasyonlardan hukuki hükümler çıkarırlar. Peygamber ilk yöneticidir. Yöneticide birçok nitelik olmalıdır. Örneğin yönetici, fiziken ve fikren yeterli olmak zorundadır. Peygamber ilk hükümdardır. Hükümdarlık devlet demektir. Devlet olmadan din var olamaz. Fârâbî felsefesi açısından Allah Hz. Muhammed’i bizatihi -peygamber olmanın yanı sıra- devlet başkanı olarak göndermiştir. Peygamber imamdır. Müminler, yani yurttaşlar imama tabi olanlardır. İmam sayesinde yurttaşlar ümmet, yani devlet hiyerarşisinde yer alır. Peygamber eğitmendir. Peygamberin kendisi eğitime gerek duymaz. Fârâbî bu kimliklerin dışında farklı bazı kimliklikler yoluyla peygamberlik öğretisini geliştirir: Kâhin(lik) ve kahraman(lık). Kehanet iki yönlüdür: Vahiy ve politik müneccimlik. Kahramanlık olmadan politik başarı kazanılmamaktadır.Fârâbî sonrasında sosyal peygamberlik hak ettiği ilgiyi göremedi. Filozofların psikolojik peygamberlik öğretisi daha fazla dikkat çekti.

Статья стремится, подтверждая актуальность романов Достоевского, обсудить ключевые аспекты его творчества. Также она раскрывает значимость замыслов писателя - на примере романа «Бесы»,- которые претворились в жизнь и явились великим пророчеством для России. Эта работа также способствует пониманию мировоззрения самого писателя и исследует различные грани его богатого творческого наследия. Раскрывая вопрос, почему же роман «Бесы» был запрещен в Советской России, мы подтверждаем актуальность произведений Федора Михайловича Достоевского, которые злободневны на века., The article seeks, confirming the relevance of Dostoevsky's novels, to discuss the key aspects of his work. It also reveals the significance of the writer's intentions - on the example of the novel "Demons" - which came true and were a great prophecy for Russia. This work also contributes to the understanding of the worldview of the writer himself and explores the various facets of his rich creative heritage. Revealing the question of why the novel "Demons" was banned in Soviet Russia, we confirm the relevance of the works of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky, which are topical for centuries., Вестник научной мысли, Выпуск 6 2022, Pages 202-204

The beauty industry has shown steady growth within the last decade and as more retailers move their product selections online, a lot of sales data can be generated. To improve sales and to meet the ever-increasing competition in the beauty retail sector, time series forecasting has potential in providing knowledge and guidelines in decision making to improve business performance. Time series forecasting, or extrapolation of time series data, is the process of fitting a model on historic data and using it to predict future values. The purpose of this thesis is to compare and evaluate multiple established time series forecasting models to find the most accurate model. The models that were selected as candidates for times series forecasting were chosen based on a literature review of scientific articles. Based on the literature review, SARIMA, Prophet, and LSTM were chosen as forecasting models. Following a research strategy of experiments, the chosen models were implemented at a specific representative company of beauty retailers in the Nordic countries, Lyko. The results showed that there was no model that performed the best in every case. It is possible to forecast the sales of beauty products at least somewhat confidently with the given models. By using forecasting models and accounting for the forecasting error, beauty companies can have a solid basis for business decisions and gain a competitive edge in the beauty market. The main takeaway from this thesis is that there is no one-fits-all model. Instead, if possible, all models should be tested on the data to see which model performs the best. The information of this thesis is useful for the decision maker of a beauty retailer when it comes to applications of forecasting algorithms. A model could be chosen based on the specific demands of the business based on accuracy, runtime, or complexity.

Peygamberler her konuda olduğu gibi akrabalık ilişkilerinde de birer numunedirler. Kur’ân’da, onlar ve yakınları arasında cereyan eden birçok hadise anlatılmaktadır. Hz. Yusuf ve kardeşlerinin başlarından geçenler; Hz. Musa ve kardeşi Hz. Harun’un tebliğ sürecindeki dayanışması; Hz. Lokman’ın oğluna tavsiyeleri; Hz. Muhammed ve eşleriyle ilgili meseleler bu anlatımlar arasındadır. Hz. Nûh’un ev halkı arasında da müşriklerle aynı safta yer alanlar olmuştur. Onlardan biri eşidir. Kur’ân Hz. Nûh’un eşini” hain olarak nitelemiştir. Bunun sebebi onun ahlakî bir zaafı bulunması değildir. O, bir müşriktir ve Hz. Nûh’u delilikle itham etmek suretiyle insanların gözünden düşürmeye çalışmıştır. Dolayısıyla o, eşine din hususunda hainlik etmiş ve ihanetinin bedelini cehennemlik olmakla ödemiştir. Hz. Nûh’un ev halkından olan bir diğer müşrik ise oğludur. Hz. Nûh, iman edenleri gemiye aldıktan sonra, oğlu gemiye binmemekte ısrar etmiştir. O, babasının “Ey yavrucuğum, bizimle beraber gemiye bin, kâfirlerle beraber olma” hitabına “Beni sudan koruyacak bir dağa sığınacağım” diyerek karşılık vermiştir. Babasının ona son ikazı “Bugün Allah’ın esirgediği hariç, onun hükmünden koruyacak hiçbir şey yoktur” sözü olmuş, nihayet oğulla baba arasına bir dalga girmiş ve oğul boğulanlardan olmuştur. Hz. İbrahim’i şirke karşı giriştiği mücadeleden alıkoymaya çalışanlar arasında da en yakınlarından biri vardır. Bu kişi, onun babasıdır. Hz. Lût’a ihanet eden eşi de sapkın kavimle birlikte helak edilmiştir. Peygamberler silsilesinin son halkası Hz. Muhammed, akrabalarının imanla şereflenmesi için hususi bir çaba göstermiştir. Buna rağmen en yakınlarından bazıları bu şereften mahrum bir vaziyette ölmüşlerdir. Kur’ân Hz. Muhammed’e, en yakın hısımlarını uyarmasını emir buyurmuştur. O, bu emri alır almaz Safa Tepesi’ne çıkıp Kureyş boylarına seslenmiş, onlara bazı ikazlarda bulunmuştur. O gün onu bizzat dinleyenler arasında bulunan amcası Ebû Leheb yeğeninin söylediklerini işitince ona, hoş olmayan bazı sözler söylemiştir. Tebbet Sûresi bu hadise üzerine nazil olmuştur. Sûrede Ebû Leheb’in ve Müslümanlara eziyet vermek için onların gelip geçtikleri yollara dikenler bırakmasıyla tanınan eşi Ümmü Cemil’in ahirette görecekleri muameleden bahsedilmektedir. Ebû Leheb’in oğullarından biri olan Utbe de hakkında âyet nazil olan müşriklerdendir. Kur’ân, önceden mümin iken daha sonra “Necm Sûresi dışında Kur’ân’ın tümüne iman ettim” diyerek irtidat eden Utbe için “Kahrolası o insan” ifadesini kullanmıştır. Hz. Muhammed’in hayatında bir diğer amcası olan Ebû Tâlib’in özel bir yeri vardır. Ebû Tâlib İslâm’ın yayılmasını engellemek isteyen yakınlarının kışkırtmalarına rağmen yeğenine daima arka çıkmıştır. Hz. Peygamber, onun hidayete ermesi için özel bir gayret göstermiştir. Bu husustaki yoğun çabası sebebiyle o, “Sen, sevdiğini doğru yola eriştiremezsin, ama Allah, dilediğini doğru yola eriştirir” hitabına muhatap olmuştur. “Cehennem ashabı oldukları meydana çıktıktan sonra, akraba bile olsalar, müşrikler için mağfiret dilemek peygambere ve müminlere yaraşmaz.” âyeti de Hz. Peygamber’in Ebû Tâlib’e Allah yasaklamadıkça onun için mağfiret dilemeye devam edeceğini taahhüt etmesi üzerine nazil olmuştur. Bu çalışmada, peygamberlerin iman etmeden ölen yakınlarından bahseden âyetlerin tespiti ve âlimlerin bu âyetlere dair mülahazalarının ortaya koyulması hedeflenmektedir. Araştırma müminlere, inkârcı yakınlarıyla münasebetlerinde rehberlik etme iddiasında olması hasebiyle önem arz etmektedir. Araştırmada öncelikli olarak Kur’ân eksenli bir okuma yapılacak, ilgili ayetler belirlenip sınıflandırılacak ve incelenecektir. Ardından, konuyla doğrudan ya da dolaylı olarak ilişkisi olan literatür taranacaktır. Araştırmanın temel kaynakları arasında tefsirlerin öne çıkarılması planlanmaktadır. Prophets are examples in kinship relations as well as in every other subject. Many incidents that occurred between them and their relatives are represented in the Quran. The experiences between Prophet Joseph and his brothers; the cooperation between Prophet Moses and his brother Prophet Harun in the process of apostolizing; Prophet Lokman’s advice to his son; the issues between Prophet Muhammad and his wives are among these expressions. There were also those who were on the polytheists' side in Noah’s household. One of them was his wife. The Quran describes Noah’s wife as a traitor. This is not because she had a moral weakness. She was a polytheist and she tried to discredit Noah by means of accusing him of insanity. Therefore, she betrayed her husband in a religious aspect and paid the price of her betrayal by deserving hell. Another polytheist from Noah’s household was his son. Noah’s son insisted on not boarding the ship after he took the believers aboard. When Noah exclaimed “Oh my son, get on the ship with us, do not be with the heretics", he replied; “I will take shelter in a mountain that will protect me from water”. His father’s last warning to him was “Today there is nothing to protect you from the judgment of God, except for what He has spared”, finally, a wave broke out between the son and the father, and the son was one of those who drowned. Prophet Abraham's father was among those who tried to prevent him from fighting against polytheism. Prophet Lut’s wife, who betrayed him, also perished with the deviant tribe. Prophet Muhammad, the last link of the prophet chain, made a special effort for his relatives to honor them with faith. However, some of his closest ones died being deprived of this honor. The Quran ordered the Prophet Muhammad to warn his closest relatives. As soon as he received that order, he went up the Safa hill and addressed the Quraysh tribes and warned them. His uncle Abu Lahab, who was among those who listened to him that day, said some unpleasant words to him. The Surah Tebbet was descended upon this incident. The treatment which Abu Lahab and his wife Ummu Jamil, who was known for leaving thorns on the roads the Muslims passed to cause them trouble, would face in the afterlife has been mentioned in the surah. One of Abu Lahab's sons, Utba, about whom the verse was revealed, was also one of the polytheists. The Quran used the expression “Cursed that person” for Utba, who was a believer in the past, but later abandoned the religion by saying “I believed in all of the Quran except the Surah An-Najm”. Abu Talib, another uncle of Prophet Muhammad, had a special place in his life. Abu Talib always supported his nephew, despite the provocations of his relatives who wanted to prevent the spread of Islam. The Prophet made a special effort for him to find the true path. Because of his vigorous efforts in this matter, the verse “You do not guide whom you like, but God guides whom he wills” was revealed. The verse “It is not for the Prophet and those who have believed to ask for forgiveness for the polytheists, even though they were relatives, after it has become clear to them that they are the companions of hell” was revealed upon the commitment which the Prophet gave to Abu Talib about he would continue to invoke for forgiveness for him unless God prohibited him from doing so. This study aims to determine the verses that mention the relatives of Prophets who died as unbelievers and to reveal the ideas of the scholars regarding these verses. The study is important as it claims to guide the Muslims in their relations with their relatives who deny the revelations. In the study, first, a Qur’an-oriented reading will be made and then the relevant verses will be determined, classified, and examined. Then, the literature which is directly or indirectly related to the subject will be reviewed. It is planned to put forward tafsirs among the main sources of the study.

[ES] El TFM tiene como objetivo diseñar e implementar una herramienta de software para la previsión de demanda sobre series temporales y variables explicativas, utilizando el lenguaje de programación Python y la librería de código abierto Prophet, como un paso hacia la automatización de las tareas de gestión de la demanda en una empresa italiana del sector cárnico, dedicada a la producción y comercialización de productos derivados de carne de pollo. Se utilizarán históricos de ventas comprendidos entre el año 2017 y el año 2022 (aproximadamente 700.000 registros). Además, se realizará una interpretación de las fluctuaciones de la demanda en época de la pandemia de COVID-19. Se espera que la herramienta desarrollada permita reducir el error de pronóstico de la empresa, que actualmente se sitúa entre un 15% y un 30%. [EN] The TFM aims to design and implement a software tool for demand forecasting on time series and explanatory variables, using the Python programming language and the open source Prophet library, as a step towards the automation of demand management tasks in an Italian company in the meat sector, dedicated to the production and marketing of products derived from chicken meat. Sales histories between 2017 and 2022 (approximately 7,000,000 records) will be used. In addition, an interpretation of the fluctuations in demand in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic will be carried out. It is expected that the tool developed will reduce the forecasting error of the company, which currently stands between 15% and 30%. [CAT] El TFM té com a objectiu dissenyar i implementar una eïna de software per a la previsió de demanda sobre sèries temporals i variables explicatives, utilitzant el llenguatge de programació Python i la llibreria de codi obert Prophet, com un pas cap a l'automatització de les tasques de gestió de la demanda en una empresa italiana del sector carni, dedicada a la producció i comercialització de productes derivats de carn de pollastre. S'utilitzaran històrics de vendes compresos entre l'any 2017 i l'any 2022 (aproximadament 7’000.000 registres). A més, es realitzarà una interpretació de les fluctuacions de la demanda en època de la pandèmia de COVID-19. S'espera que l'eïna desenvolupada permeta reduir l'error de pronòstic de l'empresa, que actualment se situa entre un 15% i un 30%.

The Free-To-Play industry relies on getting a huge inflow of new players that might result in future gross bookings. Consequently, getting organic new players is crucial to ensure its health, especially as they have no direct associated acquisition cost. In addition, forecasting helps business planning as future gross bookings result from those news installs. This thesis investigates methods such as Linear Regression, Ridge, Lasso regularization, time-series analysis, and Prophet to forecast the inflow of organic installs and try to understand the factors impacting it. Using the data from 3 games for two platforms and 15 countries, it investigates the differences in behavior observed over the segments. This thesis first focuses on a specific segment by modeling the inflow of organic installs for the game number 17 on iOS in the United States of America. On this segment, the best model is the Lasso model using, among others, a Prophet model as a variable. However, the generalization to all segments is difficult. On average, exponential decay over time is the best way to forecast the future inflow of organic as it presents the more consistent performances over all segments. Free-To-Play-branschen är beroende av att få ett stort inflöde av nya spelare, som sedan eventuellt kan generera framtida intäkter. För att kunna säkerställa ett spels fortsatta hälsa är det därför avgörande att få nya spelare organiskt. Detta är särskilt viktigt då det inte innebär någon anskaffningskostnad. Då framtida intäkter är beroende av nya nedladdningar är prognostisering till stor nytta i företagsplanering. Denna uppsats använder metoder som linjär regression, Ridge, Lasso-regularization, tidsserieanalys och Prophet för att förutspå inflödet av organiska nedladdningar och förstå vilka faktorer som påverkar detta inflöde.Genom användningen av data från tre spel från två plattformar och 15 länder undersöks skillnader i beteende för olika segment. Denna uppsats fokuserar på ett specifikt segment genom att modellera inflödet av organiska nedladdningar för spel nummer 17 på iOS i USA. För detta segment är Lasso-modellen bäst, som bland annat använder Prophet-modellen som variabel. Det är dock svårt att överföra slutsatserna på andra segment. Istället är det bättre att anta en exponentiell nedgång över tid när man förutspår framtida inflöden av organiska nedladdningar, då det ger mer konsekventa resultat för alla segment.

Cengiz Han; İlhanlı ve diğer Moğol devletlerine hâkim oldukları topraklarda sosyal hayata, kültüre, sanata açılım sağlayan, inanç özgürlüğünü miras olarak bırakmıştır. Kurucusu Hülagu Han olan İlhanlılar, Bozkır coğrafyasından çıkıp Yakın Doğu coğrafyasına doğru yaptıkları fetihler sonucu, uzak doğuyu yakın doğuya taşıyarak, siyasi, kültür ve sanat alanlarında birçok yeniliklere imza atmışlardır.İlhanlıların tarih sahnesine çıkması ile İran, Irak ve Anadolu’yu içine alan toprakları XII. yy. başı ve XIII. yy sonu olan dönemde yönetmiş ve cihana hükmetme anlayışındaki devlet yönetim politikaları ile halka verdikleri zarara rağmen İslam medeniyeti ve kültürünü etkilemişlerdir. İlhanlı hükümdarlarının inanç açısından çeşitlilik göstermeleri kültürü ve sanatın şekillenmesini etkileyen sebeplerdendir.Hülagu Han tahta çıkmasının ardından, Irak’a düzenlediği askeri seferle, bölgeye hakim Abbasi Dönemi sona ermiştir. Bu bağlamada Abbasi resim üslubu, yerini Orta Asya ve Uzak Doğu resim geleneğine bırakmıştır.Tarih yazıcılığı ile öne çıkan İlhanlı döneminde, önemli eserlerin verildiği görülür. Bunların başında, Gazan Han zamanında yazılmaya başlayan Cami’üt-Tevarih (Dünya Tarihi) adlı eser gelmektedir. Müellifi, dönemin vezirlerinden, aynı zamanda bilim adamı ve tarihçi olma özelliği ile dahiyane bir bilgin olan Reşidüddin Fazlullah Hemadani’dir. Dönemin tarih kitapları arasında ûslubu ile fark yaratmıştır. Konuları tarafsız bir şekilde ele alma özelliği ile farklı dinlerin inançlarından, alanında bilir kişilerden bir komite kurularak olaylar tarafsız bir şekilde incelenmiştir. Moğol Tarihi, eski milletlerin tarihi ve peygamberlerin tarihini içeren eserde konu ile alakalı minyatürler yer almaktadır. Bu minyatürler erken dönem üslubu olarak farklı figür ifadeleri, renk, çizgi kullanımı ile öne çıkmaktadır. Tezimizde, Edinburgh Üniversitesi Kitaplığı No:20’ de kayıtlı Cami’üt-Tevarih nüshasında bulunan 70 adet minyatür içinden, dini içerikli minyatürlü nüshalar incelenecektir. Bu incelemeler, sayfa içinde yer alan sahnelerin metin resim ilişkisi, figürlerin kimler oldukları göz önünde bulundurularak araştırılacak ve desen analizi, minyatür okumaları yapılacaktır. Ghenghis Khan has left the freedom of belief as legacy to the Ilkhanid and other Mongolian states, which enabled the social life, culture and art to thrive in the lands he dominated. The Ilkhanids, who was established by Hulagu Khan, emerged from Bozkir lands and migrated towards the near east. As a result of this long travel and the subsequent conquests they achieved in near east, they were able to blend the elements from far east nd put signatures under numerous innovations in politics, culture and art fields in near east.Following their appearance on the stage of history, Ilkhanids have ruled the lands that included Iran, Iraq Anatolia between early XII. and late XIII. Century. With the “ruling of the whole world” principle they envisioned, they implemented administration policies that influenced the Islamic civilization and culture despite the damage they caused to their citizens. The diversity of Ilkahnid rules in terms of faith is one of the reasons affected the shaping of culture and art. With Hulagu’s accession to the throne, the Abbasi period that had been dominating the land came to an end with Hulagu Khans military campaign in Iraq. However, the Abbasid painting style left its place to the painting traditions of Central Asia and the Far East. Historiography, which stands out as one of the features of the Ilkhanid Period, produced important works of it’s time. The most important of these is the work called Cami'üt-Tevarih (World History), which was started to be written at the time of Gazan Khan. Its author is Reşidüddin Fazlullah Hemadani, one of the viziers of the period, who is also a scientist and historian, and an ingenious scholar. With his style among the history books of the period, he has succeeded a difference in his time. The subjects were examined in an unbiased manner by establishing a committee from different religions and experts in the field, with the ability to handle the issues in an impartial manner. There are miniatures related to the subjects in the work, which includes the History of Mongols, the history of ancient nations and the history of the prophets. These miniatures stand out with their use of different figure expressions, colors and lines as an early period style.Among the 70 miniatures in the Cami'üt-Tevarih copy registered in Edinburgh University Library No: 20, copies with religious content will be examined. These analyzes will be investigated by considering the relationship between the text and picture of the scenes in the page, who the figures are, and pattern analysis and miniature readings will be made.

The ordained ministry has a public component which links the ordained person to Christ as prophet, priest, and king. So, the ordained person has a prophetic role, a priestly role and a royal servant role that is defined incarnationally: the ordained person is a disciple who is called to incarnate hope in their prophetic role, incarnate love in their priestly role and incarnate faith in their royal servant role. In order to not neglect their own spiritual formation, ordained persons should use prayer, scripture, and spiritual direction as a means by which to maintain balance between their own personal faith and their public role.

The introduction of open banking has made it possible for companies to build the next generation of applications based on transactional data. Enabling economic forecasts which private individuals can use to make responsible financial decisions. This project investigated forecasting account balances using supervised learning. 7 different regression models were run on transactional data from 377 anonymised checking accounts split into subgroups. The results concluded that multivariate XGBoost optimised with feature selection was the best performing forecasting model and the subgroup with recurring income transactions was easiest to forecast. Based on the result from this project it can be concluded that a viable option to forecast account balances is to split the transactional data into subgroups and forecast them separately. Minimising the errors given by certain random, infrequent and large types of transactions.

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Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İslâm dininin temeli Allah’tan başka ilah olmadığına ve Hz. Muhammed’in (s.a.v.) peygamberliğine şahitlik üzerine kuruludur. Bu iki temel esasa geçmişte ve günümüzde birçok inkârcı akım karşı çıkmışlardır. Bu konuda günümüzde öne çıkan akımlar arasında ateizm ve deizm de bulunmaktadır. İlm-i kelam uleması İslam akaidini korumak adına zamanlarındaki inkârcı akımlara karşı eserler kaleme almışlardır. Said Havva da Allah’ın varlığını, Hz. Muhammed’in (s.a.v.) peygamberliğini ispat amacıyla gayretini sarf etmiş bir ilim adamıdır. Bu çalışmada onun bu çabaları ateizm ve deizm eleştirisi yönüyle irdelendi. Ateizm eleştirisi ontolojik, epistemolojik, psiko-sosyal ve argümantasyonel eleştiri başlıkları üzerinden incelendi. Deizm eleştirisi ise ontolojik ve argümantasyonel eleştiri başlıkları üzerinden ele alındı. Böylelikle ateizm ve deizm eleştirisi konusunda temel atılabilecek bir tez ortaya koyulmaya çalışıldı., The basis of the religion of Islam is that there is no god but Allah and Hz. Muhammed (pbuh) is the prophet of Allah. Many denialist movements have opposed these two fundamental principles in the past and today. Atheism and deism are among the prominent currents in this regard. In order to protect the Islamic creed, the scholars of ilm-i kalam made studies against the denialist movements of their time. Said Havva is a scentist who made efforts to prove the existence of Allah and the prophethood of Muhammed (pbuh). In this study, his efforts were examined in terms of atheism and deism. The criticism of atheism has been analysed from ontological, epistemological, psycho-social and argumentational criticism. Deism critique, on the other hand, has been discussed in terms of just ontological and argumentational criticism. Thus, it was tried to put forward a thesis that could lay the groundwork for the criticism of atheism and deism.