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In this study, we will studie (I) Psychometric Properties: Factor Structure, Reliability, and Validity of the PID-5-SF in a community sample of emerging adults (2) stability and change over a 3-year period

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-jbd-10.1177_01650254231152422 for Adolescent personality development as a longitudinal marker for burnout and happiness in emerging adulthood by İldeniz B. Arslan, Nicole Lucassen, Amaranta D. de Haan, Joran Jongerling, Arnold B. Bakker and Peter Prinzie in International Journal of Behavioral Development

NOTE: FOR BETTER LAYOUT OPTIONS, SEE THE PREREGISTRATION TEMPLATE FOR SECONDARY DATA ANALYSIS ATTACHED Personality researchers describe the self as a multi-layered construct with two interconnected layers. The having side of personality includes dispositional personality traits, the doing side of personality, the surface layer, refers to individuals´ actions to construct a unique identity by making motivated choices, planning their lives, and striving for certain goals (Cantor, 1990; Luyckx et al., 2014; McAdams et al., 2015). Identity has been conceptualized by Luyckx et al. (2014) in a dimensional model which consists of identity commitment and exploration. Commitment is captured by (1) commitment making; the degree to which individuals adhere to a set of choices, and 2) identification with commitment, the extent to which these commitments become integrated in the sense of self. Exploration is distinguished by 3) exploration in breadth: the extent to which individuals explore various alternatives before committing to one option, 4) exploration in depth; the evaluation of the current commitments and 5) ruminative exploration; delaying identity development as individuals are not able to commit among the limitless number of opportunities (Klimstra, 2013; Luyckx et al., 2014). Identity impairment - an unsuccessful mastery of commitment making, identification with commitment, exploration in breadth and exploration in depth - is put forward as a central criterion in clinical populations leading to personality disorders (Bogaerts et al., 2021; Tackett et al., 2009). But also in non-clinical populations, identity explorations are a salient feature (Arnett, 2014). Specifically, emerging adulthood, the life period between 18 and 29 years, marks an important time for the formation of one´s identity as many developmental challenges need to be mastered (Arnett et al., 2014). However, to the best of our knowledge, no studies have focused on the reciprocal relations between identity and personality pathology in community samples of emerging adults (Vizgaitis & Lenzenweger, 2022). Personality pathology is described as “an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual’s culture, is pervasive and inflexible, has an onset in adolescence or early adulthood, is stable over time, and leads to distress or impairment” in the DSM-5 (American Psychiatric Association, 2013, p. 645). We capture personality pathology with the Alternative Model of Personality Disorders (AMPD), a dimensional approach to personality disorders, that takes into account several of the critics on the classical categorical approach. The AMPD captures the following five maladaptive extremes of the Big Five personality traits: 1) Negative Affectivity; the tendency to experience negative emotions, 2) Detachment; introversion, social isolation, and anhedonia, 3) Antagonism; the tendency for aggression, dominance, and grandiosity, 4) Disinhibition; impulsivity and sensation seeking and 5) Psychoticism; a disconnection from reality and a tendency for illogical thought patterns (Pollock et al., 2016; Widiger & McCabe, 2020). By using a cross-lagged design, the present study aims to investigate the bidirectional longitudinal relations between personality pathology dimensions and identity dimensions during emerging adulthood covering a period of 7 years. A cross-lagged design allows to study the stability of identity dimensions and personality pathology dimensions as well as cross-paths between identity and personality pathology. Second, we will investigate the strength of effect of both cross-lagged pathways (identity  personality pathology or personality pathology  identity). As there is not enough research on the magnitude of identity and personality pathology on each other, this research question will be explorative.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-jbd-10.1177_01650254231152422 for Adolescent personality development as a longitudinal marker for burnout and happiness in emerging adulthood by İldeniz B. Arslan, Nicole Lucassen, Amaranta D. de Haan, Joran Jongerling, Arnold B. Bakker and Peter Prinzie in International Journal of Behavioral Development

NOTE: FOR BETTER LAYOUT OPTIONS, SEE THE PREREGISTRATION TEMPLATE FOR SECONDARY DATA ANALYSIS ATTACHED For emerging adults, social media plays a crucial role in their daily life. Contemporary literature emphasizes the link between higher use of social media and an increased prevalence of maladaptive mental health outcomes. The growing body of research on predicting social media use is characterized by mixed results and inconclusive debates. Currently, interest emerges about whether personality pathology can predict social media use. Therefore, the present study aims to examine the associations between pathological personality domains of the Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 (PID-5), measured in 2015, and social media self-control failure as well as social media use, measured three years later.

We aim to investigate the effectiveness of interventions aiming to improve hot or cold executive functions (EFs) in children and adolescents with acquired brain injury (ABI), and to test whether intervention characteristics (focus on hot or cold EFs, number of sessions, parent participation), participant characteristics (age, TBI or ABI), time of assessment and quality of the study moderate the effectiveness of interventions.

Early Life Stress and Child Behavior Problems: Do Child Temperament and Executive Functioning Promote Resilience?

This longitudinal study has two aims: (1) Investigate the impact of COVID-19 on behavior problems of children with ASD as compared to children from the general population. (2) Examine to what extent parental mental health and social connectedness are related to resilience of children with ASD during COVID-19.

Funder: Indonesia Endowment Fund for Education, BACKGROUND: Many empirical studies suggest that higher maternal age increases the likelihood of having an autistic child. However, little is known about factors that may explain this relationship or if higher maternal age is related to the number of autistic-like traits in offspring. One possibility is that mothers who have a higher number of autistic-like traits, including greater challenges performing mentalizing skills, are delayed in finding a partner. The goal of our study is to assess the relationship between maternal age, mentalizing skills and autistic-like traits as independent predictors of the number of autistic-like traits in offspring. METHODS: In a population-based study in the Netherlands, information on maternal age was collected during pre- and perinatal enrolment. Maternal mentalizing skills and autistic-like traits were assessed using the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test and the Autism Spectrum Quotient, respectively. Autistic-like traits in children were assessed with the Social Responsiveness Scale. A total of 5718 mother/child dyads had complete data (Magechild = 13.5 years; 50.2% girls). RESULTS: The relationship between maternal age and autistic-like traits in offspring best fits a U-shaped curve. Furthermore, higher levels of autistic features in mothers are linked to higher levels of autistic-like traits in their children. Lower mentalizing performance in mothers is linked to higher levels of autistic-like traits in their children. LIMITATIONS: We were able to collect data on both autistic-like traits and the mentalizing skills test in a large population of mothers, but we did not collect these data in a large number of the fathers. CONCLUSIONS: The relationships between older and younger mothers may have comparable underlying mechanisms, but it is also possible that the tails of the U-shaped curve are influenced by disparate mechanisms.

Additional file 1: Fig S1. Flow chart of participants included for analyses. Table S1. Parental age groups and child autistic-like traits (n = 5718). Table S2. Pearson correlation coefficients among variables. Fig S2.Quadratic graphs between parental age and child autistic traits at 5/6 years-of-age.Table S3. Association between maternal age and child autistic-like traits among mothers with parity of first pregnancy (N = 5,061). Fig S3. Quadratic graphs between maternal age and child autistic-like traits after adjusting for maternal characteristics. Fig S4. Polynomial Regression. Fig S5. Spline Regression.

Wanneer een kind opgroeit met een sociale, fysieke of verstandelijke beperking als gevolg van een ontwikkelingsproblematiek, worden ouders geconfronteerd met extra uitdagingen bij de opvoeding, zoals het bieden van aangepaste zorg en onzekerheden over de ontwikkeling en toekomst van hun kind Het huidige familieonderzoek bij ouders die een kind opvoeden met een ontwikkelingsproblematiek focust dan ook voornamelijk op hoe ouders zich voelen (d w z ouderlijke stress en welzijn), waarbij vooral de uitdagingen die ouders ervaren bestudeerd worden Het huidige proefschrift beoogt dit perspectief te verruimen door drie vernieuwende benaderingen toe te passen Ten eerste, tracht dit proefschrift de focus op hoe ouders zich voelen te verruimen door ook te onderzoeken wat ouders doen in de interactie met hun kind (d w z specifiek opvoedingsgedrag) Ten tweede hanteert dit proefschrift een evenwichtiger perspectief door de aandacht te richten op de variatie in zowel ‘ uitdagende’(bijv nood ondermijnend opvoedingsgedrag, gedrags en emotionele problemen bij kinderen, ouderlijke stress, ervaringen van nood frustratie) als ‘positieve' aspecten (bijv nood ondersteunend opvoedingsgedrag, psychosociale sterktes bij kinderen, positief gezinsklimaat, ervaringen van nood satisfactie) van de ouderschapsbeleving en de psychosociale ontwikkeling van kinderen Ten derde baseert dit proefschrift zich op een innovatieve ‘cross disability benadering, waarbij de ouderschapsbeleving en de psychosociale ontwikkeling van kinderen over vier groepen heen in kaart wordt gebracht, namelijk ouders van kinderen met autismespectrumstoornis, cerebrale parese, downsyndroom, en een referentiegroep van ouders die een kind opvoeden zonder een beperking Deze benadering biedt de mogelijkheid om belangrijke generieke opvoedingsprocessen te identificeren, maar laat daarnaast ook ruimte om meer beperking specifieke gevoeligheden te belichten, die ouderondersteuning en gezinsinterventies verder kunnen informeren

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-ecx-10.1177_0014402920986462 for Parenting Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Longitudinal Examination of the Role of Child and Parent Factors by Lisa M. Dieleman, Bart Soenens, Peter Prinzie, Lana De Clercq and Sarah S. W. De Pauw in Exceptional Children

The Dysregulation Profile (DP) has emerged as a measure of concurrent affective, behavioral and cognitive dysregulation, associated with severe psychopathology, and poor adjustment. While originally developed with the Child Behavior Checklist, more recently the DP has also been defined on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), mostly with a 5-item, but also a 15-item, SDQ-DP measure. This study evaluated the SDQ-DP by examining its factor structure, measurement invariance, and construct validity. Different SDQ-DP operationalizations were compared. In a United States longitudinal community sample (N = 768), a bifactor model consisting of a general Dysregulation factor and three specific factors of Emotional Symptoms, Conduct Problems, and Hyperactivity-Inattention fitted best, across three different developmental periods (early childhood, middle childhood, and adolescence) and across three different reporters (parents, teachers, and youth). Measurement invariance across reporter, gender, and developmental period was demonstrated. These findings indicate that the SDQ-DP, like the CBCL-DP, reflects a broad syndrome of dysregulation that exists in addition to specific syndromes of emotional symptoms, conduct problems, and hyperactivity-inattention. SDQ-DP bifactor scores were strongly related with scores on the 5- and 15-item SDQ-DP measures and similarly concurrently associated with two markers of self-regulation, ego-resiliency and effortful control, and longitudinally with antisocial behavior and disciplinary measures. As reliability, validity, and stability was weaker for the SDQ-DP 5-item measure, use of all 15 items is recommended. Advantages of using a bifactor approach are discussed as well as the potential of the SDQ-DP as an easy screening measure of children at risk for developing serious psychopathology. (PsycINFO Database Record

Ecological theories emphasize associations between children and elements within their family system, such as the marital relationship. Within a developmental perspective, we longitudinally examined (a) dynamic associations between marital stress and children's externalizing behavior, (b) mediation of these associations by parental sense of competence, and (c) the extent to which associations are similar for mothers and fathers. The sample consisted of 369 two-parent families (46.1% boys; Mage at Time 1 = 7.70 years; 368 mothers, 355 fathers). Marital stress related to having a child, children's externalizing behavior, and perceived parental competence were assessed three times across 8 years. Multigroup analyses were used to examine models for both parents simultaneously and test for similarity in associations across spouses. A bivariate latent growth model indicated positive associated change between marital stress and externalizing behavior, supporting the idea of codevelopment. The cross-lagged panel model revealed a reciprocal relation between marital stress and perceived parental competence across a time interval of 6 years. Additionally, two elicitation effects appeared during adolescence, showing that parents who reported higher externalizing problems in early adolescence reported more marital stress and a lower sense of competence two years later. Similar associations were found for mothers and fathers. Overall, this study indicates that marital stress and externalizing behavior codevelop over time and supports literature on developmental differences regarding interrelations between subsystems and individuals within the family system. (PsycINFO Database Record

The general factor of psychopathology (GP, or p factor) and the Dysregulation Profile (DP) are two conceptually similar, but independently developed approaches to understand psychopathology. GP and DP models and their stability, antecedents and outcomes are studied in a longitudinal sample of 1073 children (49.8% female). GP and DP models were estimated at ages 8 and 14 years using the parent-reported Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Youth Self Report (YSR). Early childhood antecedents and adolescent outcomes were derived using a multi-method multi-informant approach. Results showed that the general GP and DP had similar key symptoms and were similarly related to early-childhood antecedents (e.g., lower effortful control, higher maternal depression) and adolescent outcomes (e.g., reduced academic functioning, poorer mental health). This study demonstrates that GP and DP are highly similar constructs in middle childhood and adolescence, both describing a general vulnerability for psychopathology with (emotional) dysregulation at its core. Scientific integration of these approaches could lead to a better understanding of the structure, antecedents and outcomes of psychopathology.

OBJECTIVE: High co-occurrence of externalizing and internalizing problems could underlie inconsistent findings regarding the relation between heart rate (HR) and psychopathology. In this study, HR measures were examined in relation to a general dysregulation profile studied from variable- and person-centered approaches. METHOD: The sample (N = 182) consisted of 8- to 12-year-old children referred for externalizing behaviors and typically developing children (mean age 9.70, SD 1.26; 75.8% boys). Resting HR (HRrest) was assessed during a 3-minute resting period. HR reactivity (HRreactivity) was assessed during an emotionally evoking go/no-go task. RESULTS: From a variable-centered approach, a bifactor model was fitted with a general factor of dysregulation underlying symptoms of anxiety/depression, aggression, and attention problems. HRrest was positively associated with dysregulation and specific aggression. From a person-centered approach, a latent profile analysis was used to identify different psychopathology classes: normative (n = 92), predominantly aggressive (n = 69), and dysregulated (n = 14). The latter was characterized by co-occurring increased levels of anxiety/depression, aggression, and attention problems. HRrest was increased in the predominantly aggressive class and HRreactivity was increased in the dysregulated class. CONCLUSION: High HRrest, or (trait-like) over-arousal, seems to be associated with dysregulation rather than uniquely associated with low externalizing or high internalizing symptomatology. In addition, HRrest predicted greater aggression and HRrest was increased in the predominantly aggressive class. High HRreactivity, or enhanced emotional reactivity, might be characteristic for a clinically relevant dysregulated subgroup. Assessment of HR could provide additional knowledge on individual differences that can help refine diagnostics and intervention efforts.

Negative thinking is seen as an important mediating factor in the development of prolonged grief disorder (PGD), a syndrome encompassing debilitating symptoms of grief. No measure of specific grief related cognitions is available yet. Based on an adult measure of negative thinking in adults we developed a questionnaire for children, the Grief Cognitions Questionnaire for Children (GCQ-C). This study investigated several psychometric properties of the GCQ-C. Both reliability and validity were investigated in this study, in which hundred fifty-one children and adolescents (aged 8–18 years) participated. Findings showed that items of the GCQ-C represented one underlying dimension. Furthermore, the internal consistency and temporal stability were found to be adequate. Third, the findings supported the concurrent validity (e.g., significant positive correlations with self-report indices of PGD, depression and posttraumatic stress disorder), convergent and divergent validity of the GCQ-C. This study provides further evidence for the importance of negative thinking in PGD in children and adolescents.

This study examined trajectories of aggression and rule breaking during the transition from childhood to adolescence (ages 9–15), and determined whether these trajectories were predicted by lower order personality facets, overreactive parenting, and their interaction. At three time points separated by 2-year intervals, mothers and fathers reported on their children's aggression and rule breaking (N = 290, M age = 8.8 years at Time 1). At Time 1, parents reported on their children's personality traits and their own overreactivity. Growth mixture modeling identified three aggression trajectories (low decreasing, high decreasing, and high increasing) and two rule-breaking trajectories (low and high). Lower optimism and compliance and higher energy predicted trajectories for both aggression and rule breaking, whereas higher expressiveness and irritability and lower orderliness and perseverance were unique risk factors for increasing aggression into adolescence. Lower concentration was a unique risk factor for increasing rule breaking. Parental overreactivity predicted higher trajectories of aggression but not rule breaking. Only two Trait × Overreactivity interactions were found. Our results indicate that personality facets could differentiate children at risk for different developmental trajectories of aggression and rule breaking.

Deze longitudinale studie onderzocht in welke mate huwelijksstress en externaliserend probleemgedrag van jongeren zich in samenhang ontwikkelen en in hoeverre ouderlijke competentiebeleving een verklarende rol speelt in deze samenhang. Moeders en vaders van 369 gezinnen (46,1 % jongens, MleeftijdT1 = 7,7 jaar) vulden drie maal vragenlijsten in (2001, 2007, 2009). De resultaten lieten allereerst zien dat een sterkere daling van huwelijksstress in de loop van acht jaar samenhing met een sterkere daling van externaliserend probleemgedrag. Ten tweede werd de mediërende rol van competentiegevoelens niet bevestigd. Ten derde was meer huwelijksstress gerelateerd aan een lagere competentiebeleving en hing, andersom, een lagere competentiebeleving samen met meer huwelijksstress, in de loop van zes jaar. Tot slot was meer externaliserend probleemgedrag gerelateerd aan meer huwelijksstress en een lagere ouderlijke competentiebeleving tijdens de adolescentie. Verbanden waren analoog voor moeders en vaders. Resultaten bevestigen dat gezinsinterventies gericht op het versterken van ouderlijke competentiegevoelens en opvoedgedrag aandacht zouden moeten besteden aan steun en stress in de huwelijksrelatie.

Deze longitudinale studie onderzocht in welke mate huwelijksstress en externaliserend probleemgedrag van jongeren zich in samenhang ontwikkelen en in hoeverre ouderlijke competentiebeleving een verklarende rol speelt in deze samenhang. Moeders en vaders van 369 gezinnen (46,1 % jongens, MleeftijdT1 = 7,7 jaar) vulden drie maal vragenlijsten in (2001, 2007, 2009). De resultaten lieten allereerst zien dat een sterkere daling van huwelijksstress in de loop van acht jaar samenhing met een sterkere daling van externaliserend probleemgedrag. Ten tweede werd de mediërende rol van competentiegevoelens niet bevestigd. Ten derde was meer huwelijksstress gerelateerd aan een lagere competentiebeleving en hing, andersom, een lagere competentiebeleving samen met meer huwelijksstress, in de loop van zes jaar. Tot slot was meer externaliserend probleemgedrag gerelateerd aan meer huwelijksstress en een lagere ouderlijke competentiebeleving tijdens de adolescentie. Verbanden waren analoog voor moeders en vaders. Resultaten bevestigen dat gezinsinterventies gericht op het versterken van ouderlijke competentiegevoelens en opvoedgedrag aandacht zouden moeten besteden aan steun en stress in de huwelijksrelatie.

The Dysregulation Profile (DP) is a broad indicator of concurrent affective, behavioral, and cognitive dysregulation, often measured with the anxious/depressed, aggressive behavior, and attention problems syndrome scales of the Child Behavior Checklist. Despite an expanding body of research on the DP, knowledge of the normative developmental course of the DP from early childhood to adolescence is lacking. Furthermore, although we know that the DP longitudinally predicts personality pathology, no research yet has examined whether next to the DP in early childhood, the rate of change of the DP across development predicts personality pathology. Therefore, using cohort-sequential latent growth modeling in a population-based sample (N = 668), we examined the normative developmental course of mother-reported DP from ages 4 to 17 years and its associations with a wide range of adolescent-reported personality pathology dimensions 3 years later. The results showed that the DP follows a nonlinear developmental course with a peak in early adolescence. The initial level of the DP at age 4 and, to a lesser extent, the rate of change in the DP predicted a range of personality pathology dimensions in late adolescence. The findings suggest that the DP is a broad developmental precursor of personality pathology in late adolescence.

Objective This study examined long-term developmental changes in mother-rated lower-order facets of children's Big Five dimensions. Method Two independent community samples covering early childhood (2–4.5 years; N = 365, 39% girls) and middle childhood to the end of middle adolescence (6–17 years; N = 579, 50% girls) were used. All children had the Belgian nationality. Developmental changes were examined using cohort-sequential latent growth modeling on the 18 facets of the Hierarchical Personality Inventory for Children. Results In early childhood, changes were mostly similar across child gender. Between 2 and 4.5 years, several facets showed mean-level stability; others changed in the direction of less Extraversion and Emotional Stability, and more Benevolence and Imagination. The lower-order facets of Conscientiousness showed opposite changes. Gender differences became more apparent from middle childhood onward for facets of all dimensions except Imagination, for which no gender differences were found. Between 6 and 17 years, same-dimension facets showed different shapes of growth. Facets that changed linearly changed mostly in the direction of less Extraversion, Benevolence, Conscientiousness, Emotional Stability, and Imagination. Changes in facets for which nonlinear growth was found generally moved in direction or magnitude during developmental transitions. Conclusion This study provides comprehensive, fine-grained knowledge about personality development during the first two decades of life.

Ecological theories emphasize associations between children and elements within their family system, such as the marital relationship. Within a developmental perspective, we longitudinally examined (a) dynamic associations between marital stress and children’s externalizing behavior, (b) mediation of these associations by parental sense of competence, and (c) the extent to which associations are similar for mothers and fathers. The sample consisted of 369 two-parent families (46.1% boys; Mage at Time 1 7.70 years; 368 mothers, 355 fathers). Marital stress related to having a child, children’s externalizing behavior, and perceived parental competence were assessed three times across 8 years. Multigroup analyses were used to examine models for both parents simultaneously and test for similarity in associations across spouses. A bivariate latent growth model indicated positive associated change between marital stress and externalizing behavior, supporting the idea of codevelopment. The cross-lagged panel model revealed a reciprocal relation between marital stress and perceived parental competence across a time interval of 6 years. Additionally, two elicitation effects appeared during adolescence, showing that parents who reported higher externalizing problems in early adolescence reported more marital stress and a lower sense of competence two years later. Similar associations were found for mothers and fathers. Overall, this study indicates that marital stress and externalizing behavior codevelop over time and supports literature on developmental differences regarding interrelations between subsystems and individuals within the family system.

This study examined separate developmental trajectories of anxious and depressive symptoms from childhood to adolescence (9–15 years) in a community-based sample (N= 290). At three measurement points, mothers and fathers reported on their children's anxious and depressive symptoms, and at Time 1 they reported on lower order child personality facets and on their parenting. By means of growth mixture modeling, three developmental trajectories were identified for anxious symptoms: steady low (82%), moderate increasing–decreasing (5.9%), and high declining groups (12.1%). For depressive symptoms, two developmental trajectories were found: steady low (94.1%) and moderate increasing groups (5.9%). Higher shyness, irritability, and altruism predicted membership in more problematic anxious and depressive groups. The personality facets energy, optimism, compliance, and anxiety were unique predictors for class membership for anxious symptoms, and the effects of shyness, irritability, and compliance were moderated by overreactive parenting. Shyness and irritability increased the probability of following the moderate increasing–decreasing anxiety trajectory, but only in the context of high or average levels of overreactive parenting. Compliance increased the probability of following the moderate increasing–decreasing and high decreasing trajectories in the context of high overreactive parenting. Our results indicate that childhood personality facets differentiate trajectories of anxious and depressive symptoms in theoretically compelling ways.

Objective The aim of the present study was to examine the moderating role of Big Five personality traits in short and long term effectiveness of MultiSystemic Therapy (MST) for serious and persistent juvenile delinquents. Method Data of a randomized controlled trial ( N = 256) were used to examine the research question. Results Extraversion, Emotional Stability and Openness did not moderate short term effectiveness of MST, but Conscientiousness and Agreeableness did: MST was most effective for highly conscientious and highly agreeable juvenile delinquents. Personality did not moderate the effectiveness of MST on aggression or the long-term effectiveness of MST. Conclusion This study shows the importance of personality traits for short-term treatment outcomes, effectiveness of MST differs for high/low Agreeableness and Conscientiousness.

This study examined the prospective relationship between childhood Big Five personality characteristics and perceived parenting in adolescence. In addition, we investigated whether this relationship was mediated by parental sense of competence, and whether associations were different for mothers and fathers. For 274 children, teachers reported on children’s Big Five personality characteristics at Time 1, mothers and fathers reported on their sense of competence at Time 2, and the children (who had now become adolescents) rated their parents’ warmth, overreactivity and psychological control at Time 3. Mediation analysis revealed both direct and indirect effects. No differences in associations were found for perceived parenting of mothers and fathers. This study demonstrates that child personality in late childhood is significantly related to perceived parental warmth, overreactivity and psychological control in adolescence. In addition, parental sense of competence mediates the relationship between child conscientiousness and perceived parental warmth, overreactivity and psychological control.